Taxobox name Globigerinida fossil range M Jurassic Recent regnum Protista phylum Rhizaria classis Foraminifera ordo Globigerinida subdivision ranks Superfamilies subdivision Globigerinacea br Globorotaliacea br Globotruncanacea br Hantkeninacea br Heterohelicacea br Planomalinacea br Rotaliporacea The Globigerinida are a common group of foraminifera ns that are found as marine plankton other groups are primarily benthic . They produce hyaline calcareous Test biology tests , and are known as fossils from the Jurassic period onwards. The group has included more than 100 genera and over 400 species, of which about 30 species are extant. One of the most important genera is Globigerina vast areas of the ocean floor are covered with Globigerina ooze ref Cite EB1911 W1EC 1 wstitle Globigerina ref named by Murray and Renard in 1873 , dominated by the shells of planktonic forms. Description Globigerinids are characterized by distinctly perforate planispiral or trochospiral tests composed of lamellar radial hyaline glassy calcite, with typically globular chambers and single interiomarginal aperture. Some however have multiple or auxiliary apertures, and in some the aperture is areal or terminal in location. Some, also, have keels, reinforcing thickenings along exterior angles. An adaptation to the planktonic habit is the development of long narrow spines that support a frothy buoyant ectoplasm. References references Cushman Joseph A 1950 Foraminifera, their classification and economic use 4th ed Harvard University Press , Cambridge, Mass Loeblich, A. R Jr and H Tappan, 1964. Sarcodina Chiefly Thecamoebians and Foraminiferida Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology , part C Protista 2. ,1988. http www.gsi.ir General Lang en Page 48 Action FirstPageView FORAMINIFERIDA.html Classification ... Protists and the Origin of Eukaryotes Category Foraminifera protist stub cs Globigerinida de Globigerinida es Globigerinida eu Globigerinina id Globigerinida it Globigerina sv Globigerina tr ... more details
Taxobox name Globigerinida fossil range M Jurassic Contemporary regnum Protista phylum Rhizaria classis Foraminifera ordo Globigerinida familia Globigerinacea subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Globigerina bulloides Globigerina The Globigerinacea are a Family biology family of the order Globeriginida and the class Foraminifera, a composed of free living, single celled protists famous for their silicate test biology tests . The species Globigerina bulloides is one of many from the family Globigerinacea found in today s oceans. ref NOAA National Geophysical Data Center http www.ngdc.noaa.gov mgg geology hh1996 bulloides.html . ref References reflist Category Rhizaria Category Amoeboids Category Foraminifera ... more details
Taxobox color rgb 235,230,140 name Heterohelicacea fossil range L Cretaceous Cret Recent Rec image classis Foraminifera ordo Globigerinida superfamilia Heterohelicacea familia genus superfamilia authority Loeblich & Tappan, 1988 The Heterohelicacea are Lower Cretaceous to recent Globigerinida globigerids planktonic Foraminifera forams characterized by birserial or triserial tests, at least in the early stage, that may be reduced in the later stage but more commonly show chamber proliferation in the later stage. Aperture a low or high arch at the base of the final chamber or terminal in uniserial stage. Includes three families, the Guembelitriidae , Heterohelicidae , and Chiloguembelinidae . The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Treatise , part C, 1964 regards this group as the family Heterohelicidae within the Globigerinacea, a superfamily in the suborder Rotaliina, with Foraminifera regarded as a taxonomic order. References Loeblich, A.R. Jr and H. Tappan 1964. Sarcodina Chiefly Thecamoebians and Foraminiferida Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, part C Protista 2. R.C. Moore ed Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. Loeblich, A.R. Jr and H. Tappan 1988. Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold see GSI eBook http www.gsi.ir General Lang en Page 48 Action FirstPageView FORAMINIFERIDA.html Category Foraminifera ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Italic title Taxobox fossil range fossil range Paleocene Recent name Globorotalia menardii regnum Rhizaria phylum Foraminifera classis Rotalidia ordo Globigerinida familia Globorotaliidae genus Globorotalia species G. menardii binomial Globorotalia menardii binomial authority Parker, Jones & Brady, 1865 Globorotalia menardii is a perforate Foraminifera foraminiferan , about convert 1 mm 2 in size. It is interesting because it is a single celled animal large enough to be seen with a naked eye. It has lived since the Paleocene . Sources Time Magazine, http www.time.com time photoessays 2006 zooplankton creatures slide 8 of this slideshow. Category Foraminifera Category Species described in 1865 protist stub ... more details
Taxobox color rgb 235,230,140 name Hantkeninacea fossil range image classis Foraminifera ordo Globigerinida superfamilia Hantkeninacea familia genus superfamilia authority Loeblich & Tappan, 1988 Hantkeninacea are globigerid forams with planispiral or enrolled biserial tests, found in marine sediments of Paleocene to Miocene age, in which chambers vary from globular to elongate and the primary aperture is equatorial in position. Includes three families, the Globanomalinidae , Hankeninidae , and Cassigerinellidae . Members of the Hantkeninacea were included in the family Hantkenindae, established by Cushman, 1927, as defined in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Treatise , part C, 1964, which is accordingly included in the Globigerinacea, a superfamily in the foraminiferal suborder, Rotaliina. References Loeblich, A.R. Jr and H. Tappan 1964. Sarcodina Chiefly Thecamoebians and Foraminiferida Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, part C Protista 2. R.C. Moore ed Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. Loeblich, A.R. Jr and H. Tappan 1988. Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold. see GSI eBook http www.gsi.ir General Lang en Page 48 Action FirstPageView FORAMINIFERIDA.html Category Foraminifera ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Globigerinida fossil range M Jurassic Contemporary regnum Protista phylum Rhizaria classis Foraminifera ordo Globigerinida familia Globigerinacea genus Globigerina species G. bulloides Globigerina bulloides d Orbigny is a species of photoautotroph photoautotrophic foraminifer with a nearly global distribution in the photic zone of the world s oceans. It is able to tolerate a range of sea surface temperature sea surface temperatures , salinity salinities and water densities, and is most abundant at high southern latitudes up to 40 S , certain high northern latitudes up to 80 N , and in low latitude upwelling regions. The density or presence of G. bulloides may change as a function of phytoplankton bloom successions, ref NOAA National Geophysical Data Center http www.ngdc.noaa.gov mgg geology hh1996 bulloides.html . ref and they are known to be most abundant during winter and spring months. ref Deusser, W. G., Ross, E. H., Hemleben, C. and M. Spindler, 1981. Seasonal changes in species composition, number, mass, size, and isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera settling into the deep sargasso sea. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.33 pp.103 127. ref Like other planktonic foraminifera G. bulloides silicate Test biology tests found in marine sediments obtained through ocean cores can be used to reconstruct temperature record climatic histories , and to align Integrated Ocean Drilling Program marine sediment cores with one another or with Axial precession astronomy astronomical cycles . In this vein, 18O oxygen isotopic analyses of these forams from drill cores in the North Atlantic have helped precisely date the timing of the Pliocene climate Global cooling and Northern hemisphere glaciation onset onset of northern hemisphere glaciations in the late Pliocene , 2.5 3 million years ago. ref Bartioli, G., Sarnthein, M., Weinelt, M., Erlenkeuser, H., Garbe Scheonberg, D. and D. W. Lea, 2005. Final closure of Panama and the onset ... more details
Infobox World Heritage Site WHS Megalithic Temples of Malta gantija , a ar Qim , Mnajdra, Ta a rat Temples Ta a rat , Skorba Temples Skorba , Tarxien Temples Tarxien . Image File Malta swiatynia.jpg 300px The Mnajdra megalithic temple complex State Party Malta Type Cultural Criteria iv ID 132 Region List of World Heritage Sites in Europe Europe and North America Year 1980 Session 4th Extension 1992 Link http whc.unesco.org en list 132 Mnajdra is a megalithic temple temple complex found on the southern coast of the Mediterranean island of Malta . Mnajdra is approximately 500 metres from the a ar Qim megalithic complex. Mnajdra was built around the 4th millennium BC fourth millennium BCE the Megalithic Temples of Malta are amongst the most ancient Sanctuary Sanctuary as a sacred place religious sites on Earth , ref cite web url http www.otsf.org title Malta Temples and The OTS Foundation publisher Otsf.org date accessdate 2009 05 05 ref described by the World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites committee as unique architectural masterpieces. ref from the Reports of the 4th 1980 and the 16th 1992 Sessions of the Committee ref In 1992 UNESCO recognized the Mnajdra complex and four other Maltese megalithic structures as World Heritage Site Culture criteria UNESCO World Heritage Sites . ref cite web url http whc.unesco.org en list 132 title Megalithic Temples of Malta UNESCO World Heritage Centre publisher Whc.unesco.org date accessdate 2009 05 05 ref In 2009 work was completed on a protective tent. ref cite web url http www.timesofmalta.com articles view 20090407 local prehistoric temples get futuristic roof title Prehistoric temples get futuristic roof publisher Times of Malta date 2009 04 07 accessdate 2009 07 02 ref Design File Malta 16 Mnajdra.jpg thumb left Interior of the megalithic structure Mnajdra is made of Limestone coralline limestone , which is much harder than the soft Globigerinida globigerina limestone of a ar Qim. The main structural systems used in ... more details
Taxobox name Foraminifera fossil range fossil range 600 0 Precambrian Recent image live Ammonia tepida.jpg image width 200px image caption Live Ammonia tepida Rotaliida domain Eukaryote Eukaryota regnum Rhizaria superphylum Retaria phylum Foraminifera phylum authority Alcide d Orbigny d Orbigny , 1826 subdivision ranks Orders subdivision Allogromiida br Carterinida br Fusulinida extinct br Globigerinida br Involutinida extinct br Lagenida br Miliolida br Robertinida br Rotaliida br Silicoloculinida br Spirillinida br Textulariida br incertae sedis br Xenophyophore a br Reticulomyxa The Foraminifera hole bearers , or forams for short, are a large phylum of amoeboid protists . They are among the most common marine plankton species. Forams have reticulating pseudopod s, fine strands of cytoplasm that branch and merge to form a dynamic net. ref name Hemleben Cite book title Modern Planktonic Foraminifera year 1989 last Hemleben first C. coauthors Spindler, M.& Anderson, O.R. publisher Springer Verlag id pages 363 ref They typically produce a test biology test , or shell, which can have either one or multiple chambers, some becoming quite elaborate in structure. ref name Kennett Cite book title Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera A Phylogenetic Atlas year 1983 last Kennett first J.P. coauthors Srinivasan, M.S. publisher Hutchinson Ross id pages 265 ref These shells are made of calcium carbonate CaCO sub 3 sub or agglutinated sediment particles. About 275,000 species are recognized, both living and fossil . They are usually less than 1 mm in size, but some are much larger, the largest organism largest species reaching up to 20 cm. ref cite journal url http www.newscientist.com article dn18468 title Zoologger Living beach ball is giant single cell author Michael Marshall journal New Scientist date February 3, 2010 ref Taxonomic relations Foraminifera have typically been included in the group Protozoa , ref name C Smith04 T Cavalier ... more details
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