Globulin in human biochemistry is one of the three types of blood plasma serum protein s, the others being serum albumin albumin and fibrinogen . Some globulins are produced in the liver, while others are made by the immune system. The term globulin encompasses a heterogeneous group of proteins with typical high molecular weight, and both solubility and electrophoretic migration rates lower than for albumin. The normal concentration in blood is 2.2 to 3.9 g dl. It is sometimes used synonymously with globular protein . However, albumin is also a globular protein, but not a globulin. All other serum globular proteins are globulins. Protein electrophoresis is used to categorize globulins into the following four categories Alpha 1 globulins Alpha 2 globulins Beta globulins Gamma globulins one group of gamma globulins are immunoglobulin s, that function as antibody antibodies File Blood values sorted by mass and molar concentration.png thumb 550px center Reference ranges for blood tests , comparing blood content of globulins shown in purple at right with other constituents. Sizes Globulin exists in various sizes. The lightest being Alpha globulin of the order 90 Kilo Dalton to the heaviest being Gamma Globulin which are about 120 Kilo Dalton. Being the heaviest, the Gamma Globulin are among the slowest to segregate in Electrophoresis. Since they are immunologically active, they are also called as Immunoglobulin. Plant globulins Non human globulin proteins exist as well, such as cucurbitin from squashes and vicilin and legumin from legumes and peas, functioning as protein storage within seeds. These proteins can cause allergic reactions if they bind with human IgE antibodies. ref ... Globulina cs Globulin de Globuline fr Globuline io Globulino it Globuline he lt Globulinai mk ja om Globulins nds Globulin pl Globuliny pt Globulina sq Globulina sl Globulin fi Globuliini sv Globulin th tr Globulin uk zh ... more details
orphan date May 2011 unreferenced date May 2011 Hyperimmune globulin is similar to Intravenous immunoglobulin Intravenous Immunoglobulin IVIG except that it is prepared from the Blood plasma plasma of donors with high titers of antibody against a specific organism or antigen . Some agents against which hyperimmune globulins are available include hepatitis B , rabies , tetanus toxin, Varicella zoster virus varicella zoster , etc. Administration of hyperimmune globulin provides Passive immunity passive immunity to the patient against an agent. This is in contrast to vaccine s that provide Active immunity active immunity . However, vaccines take much longer to achieve that purpose while hyperimmune globulin provides instant passive short lived immunity. Hyperimmune globulin may have serious side effect s, thus usage is taken very seriously. Category Glycoproteins Category Antibodies Category Immune system Category Medical treatments ... more details
in Kawasaki disease Treatment Kawasaki disease . Intravenous Gamma globulin was FDA approved in 2004 ... links MeshName gamma Globulins Globulins DEFAULTSORT Gamma Globulin Category Proteins protein ... more details
Image Electrophoresis.png thumb Schematic representation of a protein electrophoresis gel Alpha Globulins are a group of globular protein s in blood plasma plasma ref MeshName Alpha Globulins ref that are highly mobile in alkaline or electrically charged solutions. They inhibit certain blood protease and inhibitor activity. Examples Alpha 1 globulins Alpha 1 antitrypsin sub 1 sub antitrypsin Alpha 1 antichymotrypsin Orosomucoid acid glycoprotein Serum amyloid A Alpha 1 lipoprotein Alpha 2 globulins Haptoglobin Alpha 2u globulin Alpha 2 macroglobulin sub 2 sub macroglobulin Ceruloplasmin Thyroxine binding globulin Alpha 2 antiplasmin Protein C Alpha 2 lipoprotein Angiotensinogen References reflist Globulins Category Molecular biology Category Proteomics Cell biology stub protein stub es Alfa globulina it Alfa globulina ja ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 447614064 image drug name Zoster immune globulin Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number ATC prefix J06 ATC suffix BB03 PubChem DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite changed chemspider ChemSpiderID NA Chemical data Zoster immune globulin ZIG is a globulin fraction separable constituent of pooled mixed blood plasma plasma extracted from human donors who have recovered Citation needed date October 2009 from infection by herpes zoster . ZIG is used in the prevention of chickenpox and shingles, but is not known to be useful in treating clinical varicella or zoster. ref http www.cdc.gov mmwr preview mmwrhtml rr5604a1.htm ref References reflist Immune sera and immunoglobulins DEFAULTSORT Zoster Immune Globulin Category Polyclonal antibodies antiinfective drug stub ... more details
Anti lymphocyte globulin ALG is an infusion of horse derived or more commonly rabbit derived antibody antibodies against human T cell s which is used in the treatment of Transplant rejection acute rejection in organ transplant ation, especially in kidney transplants. It was developed at the University of Minnesota by Dr. John Najarian . It has also been used in the treatment of aplastic anemia . ref name pmid16126887 cite journal author Kaya B, Davies CE, Oakervee HE, Silver NC, Gawler J, Cavenagh JD title Guillain Barr syndrome precipitated by the use of antilymphocyte globulin in the treatment of severe aplastic anaemia journal J. Clin. Pathol. volume 58 issue 9 pages 994 5 year 2005 month September pmid 16126887 pmc 1770826 doi 10.1136 jcp.2004.020354 url http jcp.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 16126887 ref It is less commonly used than the similar anti thymocyte globulin ATG , and like ATG it is associated with cytokine release syndrome in the short term and an increased risk of post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in the long term. ALG is more likely to cause Adverse effect medicine side effects than ATG, but is safer than OKT3 . One notable source of ALG was a horse called Volcano, who lived in South America. ref name pmid10705153 cite journal author Heimpel H title Aplastic anemia before bone marrow transplantation and antilymphocyte globulin journal Acta Haematol. volume 103 issue 1 pages 11 5 year 2000 pmid 10705153 doi 10.1159 000040998 url http content.karger.com produktedb produkte.asp?typ fulltext&file aha03011 ref At one point in the mid 1990s, the world s entire supply of ALG came from this horse. Citation needed date September 2008 References reflist Immunosuppressants DEFAULTSORT Anti Lymphocyte Globulin Category Polyclonal antibodies bg ... more details
PBB geneid 6906 Thyroxine binding globulin TBG binds thyroid hormone in circulation. It is one of three ... cgi bin merops.cgi?id I04.955 I04.955 MeshName Thyroxine Binding Globulin Further reading ... of human thyroxine binding globulin. Further evidence for a single polypeptide chain journal ... globulin variant TBG Kumamoto identification of a point mutation and genotype analysis of its family ... author Bertenshaw R, Sarne D, Tornari J, et al. title Sequencing of the variant thyroxine binding globulin ... S title Sequencing of the variant thyroxine binding globulin TBG Quebec reveals two nucleotide substitutions ... of rat thyroxine binding globulin journal Biochemistry volume 30 issue 22 pages 5406 11 year ... Sequence of the variant thyroxine binding globulin TBG in a Montreal family with partial TBG deficiency ... as a possible cause of complete thyroxine binding globulin deficiency in six Japanese families ... globulin TBG deficiency caused by a single nucleotide deletion in the TBG gene journal Metab. Clin ... TN, Takeda K, et al. title Molecular basis for the properties of the thyroxine binding globulin ... of Leu227 by Pro in thyroxine binding globulin TBG is associated with complete TBG deficiency ... Y, Sobieszczyk S, et al. title Sequence of the variant thyroxine binding globulin of Australian ... activity and stability of thyroxine binding globulin probably as a result of abnormal glycosylation ... acid sequence of human thyroxine binding globulin deduced from cloned DNA close homology to the serine ... globulin Chicago journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 270 issue 47 pages 28234 8 year 1996 pmid 7499319 doi ... of the human thyroxine binding globulin gene to chromosome Xq22.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization ... binding globulin TBG in a family with partial TBG deficiency in Japanese TBG PDJ journal Endocr. J. volume ... Hayashi Y, Mori Y, Janssen OE, et al. title Human thyroxine binding globulin gene complete sequence ... The structure of the human thyroxine binding globulin TBG gene journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta volume ... more details
PBB geneid 6462 Sex hormone binding globulin SHBG or sex steroid binding globulin SSBG is a glycoprotein ... induced lipogenesis regulates the human hepatic sex hormone binding globulin gene journal ... androgen index expresses the ratio of testosterone to the sex hormone binding globulin and can be used ... needed date February 2012 Sex hormone binding globulin can be measured separate from the total ... binding globulin gene organization and structure function analyses journal Horm. Res. volume 45 ... DJ, Khan MS, et al. title Sex hormone binding globulin mediates steroid hormone signal transduction ..., Pallesen M, et al. title Molecular analyses of a human sex hormone binding globulin variant evidence ... R, Hammond GL title Localization of the human sex hormone binding globulin gene SHBG to the short ... Characterization of the human sex hormone binding globulin SHBG gene and demonstration of two transcripts ..., Rykse HM, Smith CL title The human sex hormone binding globulin gene contains exons for androgen binding ... author Gershagen S, Fernlund P, Lundwall A title A cDNA coding for human sex hormone binding globulin ... of human sex hormone binding globulin and location of its steroid binding domain journal FEBS Lett ... hormone binding globulin evidence for two identical subunits journal J. Steroid Biochem. volume 24 ... hormone binding globulin gene in heterozygous subjects journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. volume ... structure of human sex hormone binding globulin steroid transport by a laminin G like domain ... 305588 cite journal author Hogeveen KN, Talikka M, Hammond GL title Human sex hormone binding globulin ... journal author Hryb DJ, Nakhla AM, Kahn SM, et al. title Sex hormone binding globulin in the human ... globulin is essential for inhibition of estradiol induced MCF 7 breast cancer cell proliferation ... Resolution of a disordered region at the entrance of the human sex hormone binding globulin steroid .... title Identification of common variants in the SHBG gene affecting sex hormone binding globulin levels ... more details
orphan date September 2010 VZV varicella zoster virus globulin is an immune system medication that is used mostly for Immunosuppression immunosuppressed patients. It shortens the course of Cutaneous conditions cutaneous disease and may protect against its dissemination. ref name Essential Neurology, 2005 Wilkinson, Iain and Lennox, Graham June 2005 . Essential Neurology 4th ed. . Wiley Blackwell. p. 263 ISBN 978 1 4051 1867 5. ref Varicella zoster virus is a virus in humans that causes chickenpox and Herpes zoster shingles . References Reflist Neuroscience stub Category Medical treatments ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 450879755 image drug name Hepatitis B immune globulin Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com monograph hepatitis b immune globulin pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US c A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration intramuscular injection Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite changed chemspider ChemSpiderID NA CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number ATC prefix J06 ATC suffix BB04 PubChem DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank Chemical data Hepatitis B immune globulin HBIG is a human immune globulin that is used to prevent the development of hepatitis B . Preparation HBIG is prepared from the blood plasma plasma of blood donor donor s who have high antibody levels of the hepatitis B surface antigen. It is extracted from the Cohn Fraction II. During the process, viruses are deactivated, and in the final steps, solvents used in the preparation are removed. The preparation is tested for absence of HIV , HCV , herpes virus , and reovirus . ref http www.talecris pi.info inserts BayHepB.pdf Product description with dose schedule Retrieved 2009 06 03 ref Indications HBIG is indicated as a postexposure prophylaxis for people at risk to develop hepatitis B because they have been recently exposed to body fluid s of individuals who have hepatitis B. This includes babies of mothers with hepatitis B, sexual partners, healthcare workers, police and fire workers, and morticians. ref http www.mayoclinic.com health drug information DR600747 Mayo Clinic Retrieved 2009 06 03 ref It provides a temporarily induced Immunity medical immunity by the transfer of immunoglobulin s. The medication is given ... to human immune globulin is a contraindication. HIV has never been transmitted by HBIG. ref name blue ... more details
, ref http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 45600 Antithymocyte globulin entry in the public ... Antithymocyte globulin for graft versus host disease prophylaxis in transplants from unrelated donors ... 16635791 doi 10.1016 j.bbmt.2005.12.034 ref A similar trial of anti lymphocyte globulin showed a trend ... with or without anti T cell globulin in haematopoietic cell transplantation from matched unrelated ... more details
Thyroxine binding proteins is a protein which binds thyroid hormone . Examples include Thyroxine binding globulin Transthyretin Serum albumin External links MeshName Thyroxine binding proteins Glycoproteins Biochem stub Category Human proteins Category Blood proteins ... more details
Phaseolin may refer to Phaseolin protein , the main reserve globulin in seeds of the French bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. Phaseolin pterocarpan , a phenolic compound found in the French bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. Chemistry disambiguation ... more details
Image Electrophoresis.png thumb Schematic representation of a protein electrophoresis gel Beta globulins are a group of globular protein s in blood plasma plasma that are more mobile in alkali ne or electrically charged solutions than gamma globulin s, but less mobile than alpha globulin s. Beta globin is on chromosome 11. Examples of beta globulins include beta 2 microglobulin plasmin ogen angiostatin s properdin sex hormone binding globulin transferrin External links http accstr.ufl.edu electro.htm Examples of Protein Electrophoretograms at ufl.edu MeshName Beta globulins Globulins Category Proteins Cell biology stub es Beta globulina it Betaglobuline ... more details
protein Name Androgen binding protein, Sex hormone binding globulin caption image width HGNCid 10839 Symbol SHBG AltSymbols ABP EntrezGene 6462 OMIM 182205 RefSeq NM 001040 UniProt P04278 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 17 Arm p Band 13 LocusSupplementaryData p12 Androgen binding protein ABP is a glycoprotein beta globulin produced by the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis that binds specifically to testosterone T , dihydrotestosterone DHT , and 17 beta estradiol . Because ABP binds to T and DHT, these hormones are made less lipophilic and become concentrated within the luminal fluid of the seminiferous tubules. The higher levels of these hormones enable spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules and sperm maturation in the epididymis . ABP has the same amino acid sequence as sex hormone binding globulin SHBG the difference is the site of production and the addition of different sugar moieties. ABP contains 403 amino acids, resulting in a molecular weight of 44,533. Its gene is located on chromosome 17 . ABP s production is regulated under influence of FSH on Sertoli cell, enhanced by insulin , retinol , and testosterone . ABP may also be secreted in other organs for instance, mice produce a saliva ry ABP. See also Sex hormone binding globulin SHBG References Ensembl ENSG00000129214 External links MeshName Androgen Binding Protein Carrier proteins Category Glycoproteins de Androgen bindendes Protein pt Prote na ligadora de andr genos ... more details
PBB geneid 866 Corticosteroid binding globulin CBG also known as transcortin or serpin A6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINA6 gene . ref name pmid3299377 cite journal author Hammond ... Primary structure of human corticosteroid binding globulin, deduced from hepatic and pulmonary cDNAs ... an alpha globulin protein with corticosteroid binding properties. This is the major transport protein ... globulin in human milk measurement with a filter disk assay. journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. volume ... globulin results in reduced affinity for cortisol. journal J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. volume ... GL title The human corticosteroid binding globulin gene is located on chromosome 14q31 q32.1 near ... binding globulin gene and analysis of its 5 flanking region. journal Mol. Endocrinol. volume ... S, Egloff M, Domingo M, et al. title Immunochemical characterization of corticosteroid binding globulin ... of sex hormone binding globulin and corticosteroid binding globulin. journal J. Chromatogr. volume ... Kato EA, Hsu BR, Kuhn RW title Comparative structural analyses of corticosteroid binding globulin ... binding globulin, testosterone estradiol binding globulin, and androgen binding protein belong to protein ... MS title Identification and measurement of sex hormone binding globulin SHBG and corticosteroid binding globulin CBG in human saliva. journal Acta Endocrinol. volume 112 issue 4 pages 603 8 year 1986 ... rhythmicities in corticosteroid binding globulin CBG binding activity of human milk. journal ... Misao R, Hori M, Ichigo S, et al. title Levels of sex hormone binding globulin SHBG and corticosteroid binding globulin CBG messenger ribonucleic acid mRNAs in ovarian endometriosis. journal Reprod. Nutr ... author Misao R, Hori M, Ichigo S, et al. title Corticosteroid binding globulin mRNA levels in human ... Avvakumov GV, Hammond GL title Glycosylation of human corticosteroid binding globulin. Differential ... J, et al. title Expression of corticosteroid binding globulin mRNA in human uterine endometrial ... more details
Protein Name Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A alpha 1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin , member 6, also Corticosteroid Binding Globulin or Transcortin image Transcortin.png caption Structure of corticosteroid binding globulin in complex with cortisol. Symbol SERPINA6 AltSymbols CBG HGNCid 1540 Chromosome 14 Arm q Band 32.1 LocusSupplementaryData ECnumber OMIM 122500 EntrezGene 866 RefSeq NM 001750 UniProt P08185 PDB Transcortin , also corticosteroid binding globulin or CBG , is officially called serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A alpha 1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin , member 6 . It is an alpha globulin . Binding Transcortin binds several steroid hormones Cortisol . Approximately 75 of the cortisol in circulation is bound to this plasma protein. The rest is bound to serum albumin . The cortisol is thought to be biologically active only when it is not bound to transcortin. Progesterone Aldosterone 11 Deoxycorticosterone DOC Production Transcortin is produced by the liver and is regulated by estrogen s. Therefore, plasma transcortin levels increase during pregnancy , and are decreased in cirrhosis . Clinical Mutations in this gene are rare. To date only five cases have been reported. ref name Torpy2011 Torpy DJ, Lundgren BA, Ho JT, Lewis JG, Scott HS, Mericq V 2011 CBG Santiago a Novel CBG Mutation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab ref All cases have been associated with generalised pain and fatigue. This mechanism for these symptoms is not known. This condition must be distinguished from secondary hypocortisolism. Exogenous hydrocortisone does not appear to improve the fatigue. References reflist External links MeshName Transcortin Carrier proteins Alpha globulins Serpins Glycoproteins Category Glycoproteins enzyme stub de Transcortin es Transcortina fr Transcortine it Transcortina pt Transcortina ... more details
Microglobulin refers to a globulin of relatively small molecular weight. ref name urlDefinition microglobulin from Online Medical Dictionary cite web url http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?microglobulin title Definition microglobulin from Online Medical Dictionary format work accessdate ref It can be contrasted to macroglobulin ., Examples include Beta 2 microglobulin Alpha 1 microglobulin References reflist Globulins Category Proteins biochemistry stub ... more details
ALG may refer to Algebra Algeria A League , domestic football league in Australasia Algonquian languages , from its ISO 639 code American Laser Games Americans for Limited Government Anti lymphocyte globulin , an immunosuppressive drug Application level gateway Association of London Government Houari Boumedienne Airport , Algiers, Algeria, from its IATA airport code Advanced Landing Ground , tactical airfield created by the Allies in World War II Art. Lebedev Group, the holding company which owns Art. Lebedev Studio ALG Advanced Landing Ground Wormhout ALG Inc , a California source for automotive residual values. The F1 acronym of Jaime Alguersuari disambig de ALG eo ALG fa ALG fr ALG it ALG lv ALG ja ALG zh ALG ... more details
wiktionary zig Zig may refer to Z , Baku , Azerbaijan Zig Talmud , a giant rooster from Judaism. People One half of Australian comedy duo Zig and Zag Australian performers . Zig Ziglar , American self help author and speaker. Glenn Danzig , American musician. In fiction One of the main characters from the French comic strip Zig et Puce One half of the puppet comedy duo Zig and Zag puppets . The space ship from the video game Zero Wing Zigs film Zigs film , a 2001 gambling film directed by Mars Callahan Other Zoster immune globulin See also Zig zag disambiguation disambig it ZIG ... more details
The Tygerberg score is a clinical decision tool that allows the clinician to decide whether pericarditis is due to tuberculosis or not. It uses five variables Weight loss 1 point Night sweats 1 point Fever 2 points Serum globulin > 40 g l 3 points Blood leukocyte count < 10 × 10 sup 9 sup l A total score of 6 or more is highly suggestive that tuberculosis is the cause of the pericarditis. References cite journal author Reuter H, Burgess L, van Vuuren W, Doubell A. title Diagnosing tuberculous pericarditis journal Q J Med year 2006 volume 99 pages 827&ndash 39 pmid 17121764 issue 12 doi 10.1093 qjmed hcl123 Category Tuberculosis Category Medical scales ... more details
ATC codes lead J 06 Immune sera and immunoglobulins vet no anchor J06A J06A Immune sera anchor J06AA J06AA Immune sera J06AA01 Diphtheria antitoxin J06AA02 Tetanus antitoxin J06AA03 Snake venom antiserum J06AA04 Botulinum antitoxin J06AA05 Gas gangrene sera J06AA06 Rabies serum anchor J06B J06B Immunoglobulins anchor J06BA J06BA Immunoglobulins, normal human J06BA01 Immunoglobulins, normal human, for extravascular administration J06BA02 Immunoglobulins, normal human, for intravascular administration anchor J06BB J06BB Specific immunoglobulins J06BB01 Anti D rh immunoglobulin J06BB02 Tetanus immunoglobulin J06BB03 Varicella zoster Zoster immune globulin immunoglobulin J06BB04 Hepatitis B Hepatitis B immune globulin immunoglobulin J06BB05 Rabies immunoglobulin J06BB06 Rubella immunoglobulin J06BB07 Vaccinia immunoglobulin J06BB08 Staphylococcus immunoglobulin J06BB09 Cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin J06BB10 Diphtheria immunoglobulin J06BB11 Hepatitis A immunoglobulin J06BB12 Encephalitis, tick borne immunoglobulin J06BB13 Pertussis immunoglobulin J06BB14 Morbilli immunoglobulin J06BB15 Parotitis immunoglobulin J06BB16 Palivizumab J06BB17 Motavizumab J06BB30 Combinations anchor J06BC J06BC Other immunoglobulins J06BC01 Nebacumab See also Immune sera and immunoglobulins for veterinary use are in the ATCvet group ATCvet code QI QI . References Reflist Immune sera and immunoglobulins Category ATC codes J06 ca Codi ATC J06 cs ATC k d J06 es Anexo C digo ATC J06 ko ATC J06 hu ATC J06 Immunsz rumok s immunglobulinok pl ATC J06 ro Cod ATC J06 sv ATC kod J06 Immunsera och immunglobuliner th ATC J06 ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 A toxoid is a bacterial toxin usually an exotoxin whose toxicity has been weakened or suppressed either by chemical formalin or heat treatment, while other properties, typically antigen immunogenicity , are maintained. In international medical literature the preparation also is known as Anatoxin or Anatoxine. ref http www.websters dictionary online.org definitions anatoxin?cx partner pub 0939450753529744 3Av0qd01 tdlq&cof FORID 3A9&ie UTF 8&q anatoxin&sa Search ref There are toxoids for prevention of diphtheria , tetanus and botulism . ref http ajph.aphapublications.org cgi reprint 16 12 1208.pdf ref Toxoids are used as vaccines because they induce an immune response to the original toxin or increase the response to another antigen. For example, the tetanus toxoid ref http www.fda.gov downloads BiologicsBloodVaccines Vaccines ApprovedProducts UCM142732.pdf downloaded 20100529 ref is derived from the tetanospasmin produced by Clostridium tetani . The latter causes tetanus . Botulin is produced by Clostridium botulinum and it causes the deadly disease botulism . Production of toxoids Multiple doses of tetanus toxoid are used by many plasma centers in the United States for the development of highly immune persons for the production of human anti tetanus immune globulin Tetanus Immune Globulin TIG , HyperTet c ref http www.talecris pi.info inserts hypertet.pdf downloaded 20100529 ref , which has replaced Passive immunity horse serum type tetanus antitoxin in most of the developed world. References Reflist colwidth 30em Reflist Vaccines Category Immunology vaccine stub Bacteria stub bs Anatoksin cs Toxoid de Toxoidimpfstoff es Toxoide eu Toxoide fa fr Anatoxine it Anatossina kk ja pl Anatoksyna medycyna pt Toxoide ro Anatoxin ru sk Anatox n tl Toksoyd uk ... more details
Serum total protein , also called plasma total protein or total protein , is a Clinical chemistry biochemical test for measuring the total amount of protein in blood plasma or blood serum serum . ref name urlTotal Serum Protein cite web url http www.webmd.com a to z guides total serum protein title Total Serum Protein format work accessdate ref Protein in the plasma is made up of serum albumin albumin and globulin . The globulin in turn is made up of Alpha 1 globulins 1 , Alpha 2 globulins 2 , Beta globulins , and Gamma globulins globulins. These fractions can be quantitated using protein electrophoresis , but the total protein test is a faster and cheaper test that estimates the total of all fractions together. The traditional method for measuring total protein uses the biuret reagent , but other chemical methods such as Kjeldahl method , dye binding and refractometry are now available. The measurement is usually performed on automated analyser s along with other medical laboratory laboratory tests. Ranges The Reference ranges for common blood tests reference range for total protein is 60 85g L. It is also sometimes reported as 6 8.5g dl . Concentrations below the reference range usually reflect low albumin concentration, for instance in liver disease or acute infection . Concentrations above the reference range are found in paraproteinaemia , Hodgkin s lymphoma or leukaemia . File Blood values sorted by mass and molar concentration.png thumb 550px center Reference ranges for blood tests , with total plasma protein shown in purple at right with other constituents. References reflist http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc articles PMC2030143 Plasma Protein Concentration of Normal Adults Living in Singapore med stub Blood tests Category Proteins Category Blood tests ar es Prote na total en suero ... more details
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