wiktionary Glucanases are enzyme s that break down a glucan , a polysaccharide made of several glucose sub units. As they perform hydrolysis of the glucosidic bond, they are hydrolase s. glucanases 1,4 glucanase , an enzyme that breaks down 1,4 glucan s 1,6 glucanase , an enzyme that breaks down 1,6 glucan s Pullulanase , a specific kind of glucanase that degrades pullulan glucanases 1,3 glucanase , an enzyme that breaks down 1,3 glucan s such as callose or curdlan 1,6 glucanase , an enzyme that breaks down 1,6 glucan s Cellulase , an enzyme that perform the hydrolysis of 1,4 beta D glucosidic linkages in cellulose , lichenin and cereal beta D glucan s. Xyloglucan specific endo beta 1,4 glucanase Xyloglucan specific exo beta 1,4 glucanase Occurrences Glucanases can be produced by Neocallimastigomycota , a phylum of anaerobic fungi found in the digestive tracts of herbivores. See also Glycoside hydrolase s, a family of enzyme that cut a glycoside from a non glycosidic molecule Glycoside hydrolase family 5 Glycoside hydrolase family 16 Glycoside hydrolase family 17 Category Hydrolases enzyme stub ... more details
enzyme Name Xyloglucan specific endo beta 1,4 glucanase EC number 3.2.1.151 CAS number IUBMB EC number 3 2 1 151 GO code image width caption Orphan date February 2009 In enzymology , a xyloglucan specific endo beta 1,4 glucanase EC number 3.2.1.151 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction xyloglucan H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math xyloglucan oligosaccharides Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are xyloglucan and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its product chemistry product is xyloglucan oligosaccharides . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse O and S glycosyl compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1 6 alpha D xylo 1 4 beta D glucan glucanohydrolase . Other names in common use include XEG , xyloglucan endo beta 1,4 glucanase , xyloglucanase , xyloglucanendohydrolase , XH , and 1,4 beta D glucan glucanohydrolase . Family 12 was first identified in plant pathogens by discovery in Phytophthora spp. Structural studies As of late 2007, 15 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 2CN2 , PDB link 2CN3 , PDB link 2E0P , PDB link 2E4T , PDB link 2EEX , PDB link 2EJ1 , PDB link 2EO7 , PDB link 2EQD , PDB link 2JEM , PDB link 2JEN , PDB link 2JEP , PDB link 2JEQ , PDB link 2UWA , PDB link 2UWB , and PDB link 2UWC . References cite journal author Pauly M year 1999 title A xyloglucan specific endo beta 1,4 glucanase from Aspergillus aculeatus expression cloning in yeast, purification and characterization of the recombinant enzyme journal Glycobiology. volume 9 pages 93&ndash 100 pmid 9884411 doi 10.1093 glycob 9.1.93 last2 Andersen first2 LN last3 Kauppinen first3 S last4 Kofod first4 LV last5 York first5 WS last6 Albersheim first6 P last7 Darvill first7 A issue 1 cite journal author Sinitsyn AP year 2004 title Specific xyloglucanases as a new class of polysaccharide degrading ... more details
enzyme Name Xyloglucan specific exo beta 1,4 glucanase EC number 3.2.1.155 CAS number IUBMB EC number 3 2 1 155 GO code image width caption Orphan date February 2009 In enzymology , a xyloglucan specific exo beta 1,4 glucanase EC number 3.2.1.155 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction xyloglucan H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math xyloglucan oligosaccharides exohydrolysis of 1,4 beta D glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are xyloglucan and water H sub 2 sub O , and its product chemistry products are xyloglucan oligosaccharide xyloglucan oligosaccharides exohydrolysis of 1,4 beta D glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse O and S glycosyl compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1 6 alpha D xylo 1 4 beta D glucan exo glucohydrolase . This enzyme is also called Cel74A . References reflist 1 cite journal author Sinitsyn AP date 2004 title Specific xyloglucanases as a new class of polysaccharide degrading enzymes journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 1674 pages 268&ndash 81 pmid 15541296 last2 Gusakov first2 AV last3 Markov first3 AV last4 Ustinov first4 BB last5 Semenova first5 MV last6 Sinitsyn first6 AP issue 3 doi 10.1016 j.bbagen.2004.07.001 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.2.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Pullulanase is a specific kind of glucanase , an amylolytic exoenzyme , that degrades pullulan . It is produced as an extracellular, cell surface anchored lipoprotein by Gram negative bacteria of the genus Klebsiella . Type I pullulanases specifically attack 1,6 linkages, while type II pullulanases are also able to hydrolysis hydrolyse 1,4 linkages. It is also produced by some other bacteria and archaea . Pullulanase is used as a processing aid in grain processing biotechnology production of ethanol and sweeteners . Pullulanase EC number 3.2.1.41 is also known as pullulan 6 glucanohydrolase Debranching enzyme . Its substrate, pullulan, is regarded as a chain of maltotriose units linked by alpha 1,6 glycosidic bond s. Pullulanase will hydrolytically cleave pullulan alpha glucan polysaccharides . External links MeshName pullulanase Category Enzymes Bacteria stub Enzyme stub de Pullulanase id Pululanase ... more details
Not to be confused with glycan . A glucan molecule is a polysaccharide of D glucose monomers ref MeshName Glucans ref linked by glycosidic bond s. Many beta glucans are medically important. Types The following are glucans The and and numbers clarify the type of O glycosidic bond . Alpha main Alpha glucan dextran , 1,6 glucan with 1,3 branches glycogen , 1,4 and 1,6 glucan pullulan , 1,4 and 1,6 glucan starch , 1,4 and 1,6 glucan Beta main Beta glucan cellulose , 1,4 glucan curdlan , 1,3 glucan laminarin , 1,3 and 1,6 glucan chrysolaminarin , 1,3 glucan lentinan , a strictly purified 1,6 1,3 glucan from Lentinus edodes lichenin , 1,3 and 1,4 glucan pleuran , 1,3 and 1,6 glucan isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus zymosan , 1,3 glucan Properties Properties of Glucans include resistance to oral acids enzyme and water insolubility.Glucans extracted from grains tend to be both soluble and insoluble. See also Fructan Glucanase References reflist Carbohydrates Category Polysaccharides biochem stub cs Glukan da Glucan de Glucane fr Glucane nl Glucaan ja sv Glukan zh ... more details
Callose is a plant polysaccharide . It is composed of glucose residues linked together through 1,3 linkages, and is termed a beta glucan &beta glucan . It is thought to be manufactured at the plant cell wall cell wall by callose synthases and is degraded by 1,3 glucanase s. It is laid down at plasmodesmata , at the cell plate during cytokinesis and during pollen development. It is produced in response to wounding, infection by pathogens, aluminium and abscisic acid . Deposits often appear on the sieve plates at the end of the growing season. ref Bell, Peter and Hemsley, Alan 2000 Green Plants Their Origin and Diversity 2nd ed. ISBN 0 521 64109 8 ref Callose also forms immediately around the developing meiocyte s and tetrads of sexually reproducing angiosperm s but is not found in related apomixis apomictic taxa. ref Carman J.G., Crane C.F., Riera Lizarazu O. 1991. Comparative Histology of Cell Walls during Meiotic and Apomeiotic Megasporogenesis in Two Hexaploid Australasian Elymus Species. Crop Science 31 1527 1532 ref See also Curdlan References reflist Category Polysaccharides biochem stub ca Cal losa de Callose eo Kalozo it Callosio ja ... more details
including endoglucanase EC number 3.2.1.4 beta mannanase EC number 3.2.1.78 exo 1,3 glucanase EC number 3.2.1.58 endo 1,6 glucanase EC number 3.2.1.75 xylanase EC number 3.2.1.8 endoglycoceramidase EC ... more details
infobox enzyme Name Cellulase EC number 3.2.1.4 CAS number 9012 54 8 IUBMB EC number 3 2 1 4 GO code 0008810 image cellulase 1JS4.jpg width 260px caption Model of cellulase enzyme, produced by T. fusca , based on Protein Data Bank PDB structure 1JS4 image 1NLRribbon.png 400px thumb right alt Colored dice with checkered background Ribbon representation of the Streptomyces lividans beta 1,4 endoglucanase catalytic domain an example from the family 12 glycoside hydrolases ref name pmid9440876 PDB 1NLR cite journal author Sulzenbacher G, Shareck F, Morosoli R, Dupont C, and Davies GJ title The Streptomyces lividans family 12 endoglucanase construction of the catalytic cre, expression, and X ray structure at 1.75 resolution journal Biochemistry volume 36 pages 16032 16039 year 1997 pmid 9440876 doi 10.1021 bi972407v url issn rendered with http pymol.sourceforge.net PyMOL ref Cellulase refers to a suite of enzymes produced chiefly by fungi , bacteria , and protozoan s that catalyze cellulolysis i.e. the hydrolysis of cellulose . However, there are also cellulases produced by a few other types of organisms, such as some termite s and the microbial intestinal symbionts of other termites. ref http www.nature.com nature journal v394 n6691 abs 394330a0.html A cellulase gene of termite origin. Watanabe H., Hiroaki Noda, Tokuda G., Lo N. 1998 Nature 394, 330 331 Andreas Brune and Moriya Ohkuma, Role of the termite gut macrobiota in symbiotic digestion , in David Edward Bignell, ed., Biology of Termites A Modern Synthesis 2010 ch. 16. ref Several different kinds of cellulases are known, which differ structurally and mechanistically. Reaction Hydrolysis of 1,4 beta D glycosidic linkage s in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta D glucans. Other names for endoglucanases are endo 1,4 beta glucanase, carboxymethyl cellulase CMCase , endo 1,4 beta D glucanase, beta 1,4 glucanase, beta 1,4 endoglucan hydrolase, and celludextrinase. The other types of cellulases are called exocellulases ... more details
F Enzyme Breaks down 40 45 C 104.0 113.0 F Glucanase Glucan 50 54 C 122.0 129.2 F Protease Protein ... denatured in the transition layer near heating elements. Glucanase rest beta glucan ... part of the bran in grains. A glucanase rest done at convert 40 C F 0 abbr on is practiced in order ... more details
terminus of the 1,4 beta glucanase, CenC, from Cellulomonas fimi . These homologous CBMs are distinct ... amino acid N terminal cellulose binding Domain biology domain from C. fimi 1,4 beta glucanase ... endo beta 1,4 glucanase, SlCel9C1, represents a distinct subclass with a new family of carbohydrate ... more details
coli of three 1,3 Glucanase genes from Lysobacter enzymogenes Strain N4 7. J. Bacteriol .... Mutagenesis of 1,3 glucanase genes in Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3 results in reduced biological ... more details
Use dmy dates date November 2011 Christian Karsten Hansen , PhD born 18 August 1966 is a Danish biotechnology entrepreneur and inventor, with work in new drugs, molecular biology and biochemistry. Personal background Originally from Copenhagen, Denmark , he spent his childhood in Antwerpen , Belgium and Caracas, Venezuela before completing high school at Sor Academy in 1984. Following graduation as M.Sc. chemical engineering from the Technical University of Denmark in 1989, ref name business1 cite web url http www.business.dk diverse festglad venturekapitalist title Festglad venturekapitalist Diverse publisher Business.dk accessdate 10 November 2011 ref PhD work in molecular biology and biochemistry was conducted at the Pasteur Institute , ref http jb.asm.org cgi reprint 174 11 3522.pdf ref ref cite web url http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6T39 47T90BC 20& user 10& coverDate 12 2F31 2F1990& rdoc 1& fmt high& orig search& origin search& sort d& docanchor &view c& searchStrId 1609879808& rerunOrigin google& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 3bccf2aee371aef194b3ea492ddfc0c0&searchtype a title Gene In vivo genetic engineering homologous recombination as a tool for plasmid construction publisher ScienceDirect accessdate 10 November 2011 ref ref cite web url http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6T39 47T309P 1S& user 10& coverDate 09 2F01 2F1990& rdoc 1& fmt high& orig search& origin search& sort d& docanchor &view c& searchStrId 1609881708& rerunOrigin google& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 9cd58a173bb2fc5b619d847c3ca42edf&searchtype a title Gene Multiple endo 1,4 glucanase encoding genes from Bacillus lactus PL236 and characterization of the celB gene publisher ScienceDirect accessdate 10 November 2011 ref France and the University of Salamanca , ref cite web url http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6T36 44XN5XP 1DD& user 10& coverDate 06 2F29 2F1992& rdoc 1& fm ... more details
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