Image Cortisol2.svg thumb right 250px Chemical structure of cortisol , a glucocorticoid Image Dexamethasone structure.svg thumb right 250px Dexamethasone binds more powerfully to the glucocorticoid receptor ... methyl substituent . Glucocorticoids GC are a class of steroid hormone s that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor GR , which is present in almost every vertebrate animal cell. The name glucocorticoid ... to the glucocorticoid receptor GR . The activated GR complex, in turn, up regulates the expression ... cortex , but is often used as a synonym for glucocorticoid . Cortisol or hydrocortisone is the most important human glucocorticoid. It is essential for life, and it regulates or supports a variety of important ... therapy in glucocorticoid deficiency or to suppress the immune system. Effects File Steroidogenesis.svg ... bounded group, but a continuum of structures with increasing glucocorticoid effect, with the primary example being cortisol. Glucocorticoid effects may be broadly classified into two major categories ... function through interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor up regulate the expression of anti ... S title Effects of altered glucocorticoid sensitivity in the T cell lineage on thymocyte and T cell ... 10.1096 fj.01 0891fje url ref Metabolic The name glucocorticoid derives from early observations that these hormone ... glycerol provide another substrate for gluconeogenesis. Excessive glucocorticoid levels resulting ..., long term potentiation the process of forming long term memories is optimal when glucocorticoid ... low GC state or after exogenous glucocorticoid administration high GC state . Elevated levels of glucocorticoids ..., 313 314 2000 ref Mechanism of action Transactivation Glucocorticoids bind to the cytosolic glucocorticoid ... nucleus , where it binds to glucocorticoid response elements GRE in the promoter biology promoter ... . ref name pmid10856322 cite journal author Newton R title Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid ... name pmid15912964 cite journal author Sch cke H, Rehwinkel H, Asadullah K title Dissociated glucocorticoid ... more details
PBB geneid 2908 The glucocorticoid receptor GR , or GCR also known as NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily ... glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, progesterone, and androgen receptors journal Pharmacol Revl ... is bound to glucocorticoid, the receptor glucorticoid complex can take either of two paths. The activated ... MG, Evans RM title Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor ... url issn ref ref name pmid2744768 cite journal author Francke U, Foellmer BE title The glucocorticoid ... doi 10.1016 S0039 128X 99 00014 8 issn ref the glucocorticoid receptor is modular in structure ref name pmid15876404 cite journal author Kumar R, Thompson EB title Gene regulation by the glucocorticoid ... of hormone, the glucocorticoid receptor GR resides in the cytosol complexed with a variety ... M, Harrell M title Chaperoning of glucocorticoid receptors journal Handb Exp Pharmacol volume 172 issue 172 pages 111 38 year 2006 pmid 16610357 doi 10.1007 3 540 29717 0 5 ref The endogenous glucocorticoid hormone cortisol diffuses through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm and binds to the glucocorticoid ... association and functional antagonism between the p65 subunit of transcription factor NF kappa B and the glucocorticoid ... glucocorticoid resistance . ref cite journal author Mendonca B, Leite M, de Castro M, Kino ..., the glucocorticoid receptor is gaining interest as a novel representative of neuroendocrine ..., progesterone and DHEA have antagonist effects on the GR. Interactions Glucocorticoid receptor has ... title RAP46 is a negative regulator of glucocorticoid receptor action and hormone induced apoptosis ... binding by glucocorticoid receptor journal EMBO J. volume 19 issue 23 pages 6508 16 year 2000 month ... binding protein beta mediated transcriptional activation by glucocorticoid receptor journal Mol ... between the glucocorticoid receptor tau 1 core activation domain and target factors journal ... title The pro apoptotic protein death associated protein 3 DAP3 interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor ... more details
protein Name serum glucocorticoid regulated kinase caption image width HGNCid 10810 Symbol SGK AltSymbols EntrezGene 6446 OMIM 602958 RefSeq NM 005627 UniProt O00141 PDB ECnumber 2.7.1.37 Chromosome 6 Arm q Band 23 LocusSupplementaryData Serum and glucocorticoid induced kinase is a serine threonine specific protein kinase which interacts with the mineralocorticoid receptor . See also Aldosterone External links MeshName serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase biochemistry stub ... more details
Familial glucocorticoid deficiency FGD or GCCD is an adrenocortical failure characterized by low levels of plasma cortisol produced by the adrenal gland despite high levels of plasma ACTH . This is an inherited disorder with several different causes which define the type. FGD type 1 FGD1 or GCCD1 is caused by mutations in the ACTH receptor melanocortin 2 receptor MC2R . ref name pmid8094489 cite journal doi 10.1016 0140 6736 93 90208 X author Clark AJL, McLoughlin L, Grossman A title Familial glucocorticoid deficiency associated with point mutation in the adrenocorticotropin receptor journal The Lancet volume 341 issue 8843 pages 461 462 year 1993 month October pmid 8094489 url ref ref name pmid8227361 cite journal author Tsigos C, Arai K, Hung W, Chrousos GP title Hereditary isolated glucocorticoid deficiency is associated with abnormalities of the adrenocorticotropin receptor gene journal J. Clin. Invest. volume 92 issue 5 pages 2458 2461 year 1993 month November pmid 8227361 pmc 288430 doi 10.1172 JCI116853 ref FGD type 2 is caused by mutations in the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein MC2R accessory protein MRAP . ref name pmid15654338 cite journal doi 10.1038 ng1501 author Metherell LA, Chapple JP, Cooray S, David A, Becker C, Ruschendorf F, Naville D, Begeot M, Khoo B, Nurnberg P, Huebner A, Cheetham ME, Clark AJL title Mutations in MRAP, encoding a new interacting partner of the ACTH receptor, cause familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 2 journal Nature Genet. volume 37 issue 2 pages 166 170 year 2005 month February pmid 15654338 ref These two types account for 45 of all cases of FGD. Some cases of FGD type 3 are caused by mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein StAR , with similarity to the nonclassic form of lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia . ref name pmid19773404 cite journal author Metherell LA, Naville D, Halaby G, Begeot M, Huebner ... glucocorticoid deficiency journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. volume 94 issue 10 pages 3865 3871 ... more details
Infobox disease Name Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 255.11 ICDO OMIM 103900 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism GRA is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the increase in aldosterone secretion produced by ACTH is no longer transient. It is a cause of primary hyperaldosteronism . ref name pmid17277347 cite journal author Vonend O, Altenhenne C, B chner NJ, et al. title A German family with glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism journal Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. volume 22 issue 4 pages 1123 30 year 2007 month April pmid 17277347 doi 10.1093 ndt gfl706 ref Normal Physiology File Steroidogenesis.svg thumb Right 360px Steroidogenesis , showing aldosterone synthase at right. main Aldosterone synthase Aldosterone synthase is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme involved in the generation of aldosterone . It is localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane. The enzyme has steroid 18 hydroxylase activity to synthesize aldosterone and other steroids. Aldosterone synthase is found within the zona glomerulosa at the outer edge of the adrenal cortex . Aldosterone synthase normally is not ACTH sensitive, and only activated by angiotensin II . Aldosterone causes the tubules of the kidneys to retain sodium and water . This increases the volume of fluid in the body, and drives up blood pressure . Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol within the adrenal cortex . Aldosterone and corticosterone share the first part of their biosynthetic pathway. The last part is either ... gland. ref name pmid14667264 cite journal author McMahon GT, Dluhy RG title Glucocorticoid ... on the activity of aldosterone synthase . However, in subjects with glucocorticoid remediable .... ref name pmid15761539 cite journal author McMahon GT, Dluhy RG title Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism ... ACTH aldosterone synthase Glucocorticoid References reflist Endocrine pathology Defects of cholesterol ... more details
GIOP may refer to General Inter ORB Protocol osteoporosis glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages disambiguation ... more details
A pregnadiene is a diene derivative of a pregnane . ref MeshName Pregnadienes ref Dienes have two double bond s. The first is usually between carbon 4 and carbon 5 on ring A. 6 ene The second can be between carbons 6 and 7 on ring B gallery File Chlormadinone.png Chlormadinone progestogen File Cyproterone.png Cyproterone antiandrogen File Dydrogesterone.png Dydrogesterone progestogen File Megestrol.svg Megestrol progestogen, antineoplastic File Canrenone.png Canrenone aldosterone antagonist File Medrogestone.png Medrogestone progestogen gallery 1 ene The second can also be between carbons 1 and 2 on ring A gallery Image Fluocinolone acetonide.svg Fluocinolone acetonide glucocorticoid Image Triamcinolone.png Triamcinolone glucocorticoid gallery References Reflist Category Glucocorticoids Category Progestagens genito urinary drug stub Chemistry stub ... more details
Steroid induced osteoporosis SIOP is osteoporosis arising due to use of glucocorticoid s analogous to Cushing s syndrome and involving mainly the axial skeleton. The synthetic glucocorticoid prescription drug prednisone is a main candidate after prolonged intake. Some professional guidelines recommend prophylactic calcium and vitamin D supplementation in patients who take the equivalent of more than 30 mg hydrocortisone 7.5 mg of prednisolone , especially when this is in excess of three months. ref name Bone2003 cite book author Bone and Tooth Society of Great Britain, National Osteoporosis Society , Royal College of Physicians title Glucocorticoid induced Osteoporosis year 2003 publisher Royal College of Physicians of London location London, UK isbn 1 860 16173 1 url http www.rcplondon.ac.uk pubs contents 966c62dd 8011 4f65 a61d dd0c7fe4fa4b.pdf ref ref Cochrane Reviews. url http summaries.cochrane.org CD000952 calcium and vitamin d for treating osteoporosis caused by the use of steroids Calcium and vitamin D for treating osteoporosis caused by the use of steroids ref Alternate day use may not prevent this complication. ref name GIOP cite journal author Gourlay M, Franceschini N, Sheyn Y title Prevention and treatment strategies for glucocorticoid induced osteoporotic fractures journal Clin Rheumatol year 2007 volume 26 issue 2 pages 144 53 pmid 16670825 doi 10.1007 s10067 006 0315 1 ref Mechanisms of SIOP include ref http courses.washington.edu bonephys opsteroid.html Steroid induced osteoporosis By Susan Ott, MD. Updated January 28, 2009. Retrieved on 26 Mars, 2009 ref Direct inhibition of osteoblast function Direct enhancement of bone resorption Inhibition of gastrointestinal calcium absorption Increased urine calcium loss Inhibition of sex steroids References reflist Endocrine pathology Osteochondropathy Category Skeletal disorders ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 Y42 ICD9 ICD9 E932 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Steroid folliculitis occurs following administration of glucocorticoid s or corticotropin . ref name Fitz2 Freedberg, et al. 2003 . Fitzpatrick s Dermatology in General Medicine . 6th ed. . Page 684. McGraw Hill. ISBN 0071380760. ref See also List of cutaneous conditions References reflist 2 Category Acneiform eruptions Cutaneous condition stub External causes of morbidity and mortality ... more details
RU28362 is a molecule which binds the glucocorticoid receptor Corticoid Type II Receptor but not the mineralocorticoid receptor Corticoid Type I Receptor . ref cite journal author Woolley C, Gould E, Sakai R, Spencer R, McEwen B title Effects of aldosterone or RU28362 treatment on adrenalectomy induced cell death in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat journal Brain Res volume 554 issue 1 2 pages 312 5 year 1991 pmid 1933312 doi 10.1016 0006 8993 91 90207 C ref ref cite journal author Wong D, Lesage A, Siddall B, Funder J title Glucocorticoid regulation of phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase in vivo journal FASEB J volume 6 issue 14 pages 3310 5 year 1992 pmid 1426768 ref This is in contrast to cortisol , which binds both receptors, though it binds Type II with greater affinity. References Reflist biochemistry stub DEFAULTSORT Ru28362 Category Human proteins Category Intracellular receptors ... more details
, transrepression is an important pathway for the anti inflammatory effects of glucocorticoid s. ref ... divorce for the glucocorticoid receptor? journal Mol. Pharmacol. volume 72 issue 4 pages 799 ... glucocorticoid receptor agonist References Reflist Category Molecular biology Molecular cell biology ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 26205 Glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GMEB2 gene . ref name pmid10523663 cite journal author Christensen J, Cotmore SF, Tattersall P title Two new members of the emerging KDWK family of combinatorial transcription modulators bind as a heterodimer to flexibly spaced PuCGPy half sites journal Mol Cell Biol volume 19 issue 11 pages 7741 50 year 1999 month Nov pmid 10523663 pmc 84824 doi ref ref name pmid11743720 cite journal author Burnett E, Christensen J, Tattersall P title A consensus DNA recognition motif for two KDWK transcription factors identifies flexible length, CpG methylation sensitive cognate binding sites in the majority of human promoters journal J Mol Biol volume 314 issue 5 pages 1029 39 year 2001 month Dec pmid 11743720 pmc doi 10.1006 jmbi.2000.5198 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene GMEB2 glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 2 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 26205 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text This gene is a member of KDWK gene family. The product of this gene associates with GMEB1 protein, and the complex is essential for parvovirus DNA replication. Study of rat homolog implicates the role of this gene in modulation of transactivation by the glucocorticoid receptor bound to glucocorticoid response elements. This gene appears to use multiple polyadenylation sites. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene GMEB2 glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 2 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ... of the glucocorticoid modulatory element binding proteins GMEB 1 and 2 potential new modifiers of glucocorticoid ... modulator of the induction properties of glucocorticoid receptors. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 277 ... more details
protein kinase that is highly similar to the rat serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase ... web title Entrez Gene SGK serum glucocorticoid regulated kinase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites .... title Deregulation of the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1 in the endometrium causes ... of serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 by 3 phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase ... first C Chris authorlink coauthors Chen Yueping, Lang Florian year 2002 month March title Glucocorticoid ... B A year 1999 month June title Serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK is a target of the PI ... and Glucocorticoid inducible Protein Kinase Sgk by Recognition of a Nuclear Localization Signal ... direct cellular activation of serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase journal J. Biol. Chem ... Brittany C year 2002 month January title Serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase modulates Nedd4 ... in http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov gene 6446 SGK1 , or serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 ... roles of serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase isoforms journal Sci. STKE volume 2001 issue ... T, Cohen P title Activation of serum and glucocorticoid regulated protein kinase by agonists that activate ... 0264 6021 3390319 pmc 1220160 cite journal author Park J, Leong ML, Buse P, et al. title Serum and glucocorticoid ... and regulation of two novel isoforms of serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase ... growth factor induced cell proliferation through direct cellular activation of serum and glucocorticoid ... doi 10.1074 jbc.C000838200 cite journal author Zhang BH, Tang ED, Zhu T, et al. title Serum and glucocorticoid ... author Snyder PM, Olson DR, Thomas BC title Serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase modulates ... emboj 20.24.7052 pmc 125341 cite journal author Yun CC, Chen Y, Lang F title Glucocorticoid activation ... S6 protein kinase and serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase in vivo journal J. Biol. Chem ... and glucocorticoid dependent kinase hSGK1 in lung fibrosis journal Cell. Physiol. Biochem. volume ... more details
GRE may refer to Gecko layout engine , used by Mozilla web browsers GRE company General Research of Electronics, Inc. , a Japanese multinational radio and electronics equipment manufacturer Generic Routing Encapsulation , a type of tunnel used with Cisco routers Glass fibre Reinforced Epoxy, a material used for pipelines Geology of Venus Global resurfacing event Global Resurfacing Event , in the geology of Venus, a hypothetical extreme volcanic episode for about 800 mya Glucocorticoid response elements , a type of hormone response element DNA sequence Graduate Record Examinations , a standardized test created and administered by the Educational Testing Service Grand River Enterprises , a Canadian tobacco and bottled water company Greece , in IOC or FIFA country code disambig de GRE fr GRE it GRE ru GRE zh GRE ... more details
GRL could refer to Graffiti Research Lab Greenland ISO 3166 1 country code GRL Air Greenland ICAO airline code GRL Greenfaulds railway station , Scotland National Rail station code GRL Goal oriented Requirements Language Geophysical Research Letters Rugby league in Georgia Georgia Rugby League Greek Rugby League Glucocorticoid receptor Gamma Rho Lambda , a social, college based, sorority for lesbian, bisexual, transgender and straight women disambig de GRL fr GRL it GRL lt GRL ja GRL ... more details
GRA could refer to Georgia Research Alliance Gemological Rating Laboratory of America , Inc. Goffstown Residents Association , Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism , autosomal dominant disorder in which the increase in aldosterone secretion medicine Granby Amtrak station , Colorado , United States Amtrak station code GRA. Vilna Gaon , often referred to as the Gra . Graduate Research Assistant Grande Raccordo Anulare , a major highway in Rome, Italy. Grantham railway station , England National Rail station code GRA. Greater Reykjav k Area , Iceland Godzilla Raids Again , 1955 film Guild of Railway Artists in UK Gra is also the name of a nation in Fire Emblem Shadow Dragon . disambig ca Gra de GRA fr GRA it GRA ja GRA pl Gra ujednoznacznienie ... more details
PBB geneid 8864 Period circadian protein homolog 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PER2 gene . ref name pmid9427249 cite journal author Shearman LP, Zylka MJ, Weaver DR, Kolakowski LF Jr, Reppert SM title Two period homologs circadian expression and photic regulation in the suprachiasmatic nuclei journal Neuron volume 19 issue 6 pages 1261 9 year 1998 month Jan pmid 9427249 pmc doi 10.1016 S0896 6273 00 80417 1 ref ref name pmid17218255 cite journal author Xu Y, Toh KL, Jones CR, Shin JY, Fu YH, Ptacek LJ title Modeling of a human circadian mutation yields novel insights into clock regulation by PER2 journal Cell volume 128 issue 1 pages 59 70 year 2007 month Jan pmid 17218255 pmc 1828903 doi 10.1016 j.cell.2006.11.043 ref PER2 contains glucocorticoid response elements GREs and a GRE within the core clock gene Per2 is continuously occupied during rhythmic expression and essential for glucocorticoid regulation of PER2 in vivo. Mice with a genomic deletion spanning this GRE expressed elevated leptin levels and were protected from glucose intolerance and insulin resistance on glucocorticoid treatment but not from muscle wasting. Per2 is an integral component of a particular glucocorticoid regulatory pathway and that glucocorticoid regulation of the peripheral clock is selectively required for some actions of glucocorticoids. ref cite journal doi 10.1073 pnas.0909733106 pmid 19805059 pmc 2757402 volume 106 issue 41 title Glucocorticoid regulation of the circadian clock modulates glucose homeostasis year 2009 month October journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pages 17582 7 author So AY, Bernal TU, Pillsbury ML, Yamamoto KR, Feldman BJ ref Function This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus , the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythm s of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. Circadian expressio ... more details
of the insufficiency glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, or both . Many dogs and cats with primary ... to 48 hours of appropriate fluid and glucocorticoid therapy. Over the ensuing 2 to 4 days, a gradual ... mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid therapy is initiated. Failure to make this transition smoothly should raise suspicion of insufficient glucocorticoid supplementation, concurrent endocrinopathy e.g. ... more details
PBB geneid 10691 Glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GMEB1 gene . ref name pmid10386584 cite journal author Theriault JR, Charette SJ, Lambert H, Landry J title Cloning and characterization of hGMEB1, a novel glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein journal FEBS Lett volume 452 issue 3 pages 170 176 year 1999 month Jul pmid 10386584 pmc doi 10.1016 S0014 5793 99 00634 1 ref ref name pmid10523663 cite journal author Christensen J, Cotmore SF, Tattersall P title Two new members of the emerging KDWK family of combinatorial transcription modulators bind as a heterodimer to flexibly spaced PuCGPy half sites journal Mol Cell Biol volume 19 issue 11 pages 7741 50 year 1999 month Nov pmid 10523663 pmc 84824 doi ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene GMEB1 glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 10691 accessdate ref The PBB .... Study of rat homolog implicates the role of this gene in modulation of transactivation by the glucocorticoid receptor bound to glucocorticoid response elements. Two alternative spliced transcript ... via its interaction with glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1 journal J Cell Biol volume ... Lara AM, Heine MJ, Gronemeyer H title Cloning of a mouse glucocorticoid modulatory element binding ... 10.1093 nar 28.8.1819 pmc 102812 cite journal author Kaul S title Properties of the glucocorticoid modulatory element binding proteins GMEB 1 and 2 potential new modifiers of glucocorticoid receptor ... SS title Ubc9 is a novel modulator of the induction properties of glucocorticoid receptors journal J ... resonance analyses of the SAND domain from glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1 reveals ... K title Regulation of procaspase 2 by glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1 through ... cite journal author Tsuruma K title Glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1 binds to initiator ... more details
Intracellular receptors are receptor biochemistry receptor s located inside the cell biology cell rather than on its cell membrane . Examples are the class of nuclear receptor s located in the cell nucleus and the IP3 receptor IP sub 3 sub receptor located on the endoplasmic reticulum . The ligand s that bind to them are usually intracellular second messenger s like inositol trisphosphate IP sub 3 sub and extracellular lipophilicity lipophilic hormone s like steroid hormone s. Some intracrine peptide hormone s also have intracellular receptors. Members This list is mirrored on receptor biochemistry and nuclear receptor please update all simultaneously Transcription factors Steroid hormone receptor Sex hormone receptor s sex hormone s Estrogen receptor and Androgen receptor one type Vitamin D receptor vitamin D , one type Glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoid s, one type Mineralocorticoid receptor mineralocorticoids , one type Thyroid hormone receptor and Retinoic acid receptor vitamin A and related compounds Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor s PPARs, , and Retinoid X receptor Farnesoid X receptor Liver X receptor Pregnane X receptor Constitutive androstane receptor Various Sigma 1 receptor Sigma sub 1 sub neuroactive steroid neurosteroids IP3 receptor IP sub 3 sub receptor inositol triphosphate , IP sub 3 sub See also Receptor biochemistry Receptor Steroid hormone External links http www.nuclear receptor.com Nuclear Receptor journal homepage http nrr.georgetown.edu NRR nrrhome.htm Nuclear receptor resource at Georgetown University http www.nursa.org Nuclear receptor signalling atlas NURSA, open access journal Transcription factors Cell signaling Category Intracellular receptors Intracellular receptors it Recettore intracellulare zh ... more details
enzyme Name cortisol sulfotransferase EC number 2.8.2.18 CAS number 71427 08 2 IUBMB EC number 2 8 2 18 GO code 0047785 image width caption In enzymology , a cortisol sulfotransferase EC number 2.8.2.18 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 3 phosphoadenylyl sulfate cortisol math rightleftharpoons math adenosine 3 ,5 bisphosphate cortisol 21 sulfate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 3 phosphoadenylyl sulfate and cortisol , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine 3 ,5 bisphosphate and cortisol 21 sulfate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically the sulfotransferases, which transfer sulfur containing groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3 phosphoadenylyl sulfate cortisol 21 sulfotransferase . Other names in common use include glucocorticosteroid sulfotransferase , and glucocorticoid sulfotransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Singer SS, Brill B date 1982 title Enzymatic sulfation of steroids. XVII. The properties of the glucocorticoid sulfotransferase activity of guinea pig liver cytosol journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 712 pages 590&ndash 6 pmid 6957246 issue 3 cite journal doi 10.1210 endo 98 4 963 author Singer SS, Giera D, Johnson J, Sylvester S date 1976 title Enzymatic sulfation of steroids I. The enzymatic basis for the sex difference in cortisol sulfation by rat liver preparations journal Endocrinology. volume 98 pages 963&ndash 74 pmid 1278101 issue 4 transferase stub Category EC 2.8.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 424678864 Combo data type combo component1 Betamethasone class1 Glucocorticoid component2 Calcipotriol class2 Vitamin D analogue Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US pregnancy category C legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C legal US legal status Rx routes of administration Topical Identifiers CAS number ATCvet ATC prefix D05 ATC suffix AX52 PubChem 24847982 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank Chemical data Betamethasone calcipotriol International Nonproprietary Name INNs , trade names Taclonex , Dovobet and Daivobet , is a combination drug used as an ointment in the treatment of psoriasis . See also Betamethasone Calcipotriol Antipsoriatics Category Combination drugs dermatologic drug stub ... more details
Steroid diabetes also steroid induced diabetes is a medical term referring to prolonged hyperglycemia due to glucocorticoid therapy for another medical condition. It is usually, but not always, a transient condition. Medical conditions The most common glucocorticoids which cause steroid diabetes are prednisolone and dexamethasone given systemically in pharmacologic doses for days or weeks. Typical medical conditions in which steroid diabetes arises during high dose glucocorticoid treatment include severe asthma , organ transplant ation, cystic fibrosis , inflammatory bowel disease , and induction chemotherapy for leukemia or other cancer s. Insulin Glucocorticoids oppose insulin action and stimulate gluconeogenesis , especially in the liver , resulting in a net increase in hepatic glucose output. Most people can produce enough extra insulin to compensate for this effect and maintain normal glucose levels, but those who cannot develop steroid diabetes. Criteria The diagnosis diagnostic criteria for steroid diabetes are those of diabetes mellitus diabetes fasting glucoses persistently above 125 mg dl 7 mM or random levels above 200 mg dl 11 mM occurring in the context of high dose glucocorticoid therapy. Insulin levels are usually detectable, and sometimes elevated, but inadequate to control the glucose. In extreme cases the hyperglycemia may be severe enough to cause nonketotic hyperosmolar coma . Treatment Treatment depends on the severity of the hyperglycemia and the estimated duration of the steroid treatment. Mild hyperglycemia in an immunocompetent patient may not require treatment if the steroids will be discontinued in a week or two. Moderate hyperglycemia carries an increased risk of infection, especially fungal infection in animals fungal , and especially in people with other risk factors such as immunocompromise or central intravenous lines. Insulin is the most common treatment. Diagnosis Steroid diabetes must be distinguished from stress hypergly ... more details
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