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Glucose 6 phosphate isomerase
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Encyclopedia results for Glucose 6 phosphate isomerase

Glucose 6 phosphate isomerase





Encyclopedia results for Glucose 6 phosphate isomerase

  1. Mannose phosphate isomerase

    protein Name mannose 6 phosphate isomerase caption image Deleted image removed File phosphomannoseisomerase.png thumb Phosphomannose Isomerase visualized with Pymol width HGNCid 7216 Symbol MPI, PMI AltSymbols ... 15 Arm q Band 22 LocusSupplementaryData qter Mannose 6 phosphate isomerase MPI , alternately phosphomannose isomerase PMI EC 5.3.1.8 is an enzyme which facilitates the interconversion of fructose 6 phosphate F6P and mannose 6 phosphate M6P . Mannose 6 Phosphate Isomerase may also enable the synthesis of GDP mannose in eukaryotic organisms. M6P can be converted to F6P by Mannose 6 Phosphate Isomerase ... biosynthesis ref EBI Database, IPRO16305 Mannose 6 phosphate Isomerase. http www.ebi.ac.uk ... of mannose 6 phosphate isomerase from Salmonella typhimurium bound to metal atoms and substrate .... ref Rose, I., O Connell, E., Schray, K. Mannose 6 Phosphate Anomeric Form used by Phosphomannose Isomerase and Its 1 Epimerization by Phosphoglucose Isomerase. American Society of Biological Chemists, October 13 1972. http www.jbc.org content 248 6 2232.full.pdf html ref Phosphoglucose Isomerase PGI has a very similar function to PMI, as it catalyzes the interconversion of Glucose 6 Phosphate and F6P ... to beta M6P, while PMI may not anomerize M6P ref Rose, I., O Connell, E., Schray, K. Mannose 6 Phosphate ... Phosphate Isomerase Notes reflist expand section date May 2011 Intramolecular oxidoreductases Fructose and galactose metabolism enzymes de Mannose 6 phosphat Isomerase fi Mannoosifosfaatti isomeraasi ... 4 phosphate, mannitol 1 phosphate, and to a lesser extent, the alpha anomer of M6P ref Gao, H., Yu, Y., Leary, JA. Mechanism and Kinetics of metalloenzyme phosphomannose isomerase measurement ..., Y. Chu, F., Sun, P. Computational study of human phosphomannose isomerase Insights from homology ... of the mechanism of phosphomannose isomerase may be found in the 1968 Journal of Biological Chemistry ... 5410.full.pdf html Studies on Phosphomannose Isomerase A Mechanism for Catalysis and for the Role of Zinc ...   more details



  1. Glucose phosphate broth

    Glucose Phosphate Broth br It is used to perform Methyl red Methyl Red MR test and Voges Proskauer test Voges Proskauer VP test. Contents Glucose 5 g l br Dipotassium phosphate 5 g l br Proteose Peptone 5 g l br Distilled water 1000 ml br pH 6.9 br Methyl Red test br Principle It is used to determine the ability of an organism to produce Mixed acid fermentation mixed acids by fermentation of glucose and to overcome the buffering capacity of the medium. Procedure Inoculate MR VP Glucose phosphate broth with pure culture of test organism. Incubate the broth at 35 sup 0 sup C for 48 72 hours. After incubation add 5 drops of Methyl Red directly into the broth, through the sides of the tube. br Interpretation The development of stable red color in the surface of the medium indicates sufficient acid production to lower the pH to 4.4 and constitute a positive test. Since other organism may produce lesser quantities of acid from the test substrate , an intermediate orange color between yellow and red may develop. This does not indicate positive test. br Controls br Positive and negative controls should be run after preparation of each lot of medium. br Positive control Escherichia coli br Negative control Klebsiella br br Voges Proskauer test br Principle br It is used to determine the ability of some organisms to produce a neutral end product, acetyl methyl carbinol acetoin from glucose fermentation.The production of acetoin, a neutral reacting end product produced by members such as Klebsiella, Enterobacter etc., is the chief end product of glucose metabolism and form less quantities of mixed acids. In the presence of atmospheric oxygen and 40 KOH, acetoin is converted to diacetyl and Naphthol serves as catalyst to bring out red color complex. Media Glucose Phosphate Broth Reagents A Naphthol 5 gm Absolute Ethyl Alcohol 100 ml 0.6 ml 3 parts B KOH 40 g Distilled water 100 ml 0.2 ml 1 part Procedure Inoculate a tube of glucose phosphate broth with a pure inoculum of test ...   more details



  1. Isomerase

    In biochemistry , an isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the structural rearrangement of isomer s. Isomerases thus catalyze reactions of the form A &rarr B where B is an isomer of A. Nomenclature The names of isomerases are formed as substrate isomerase for example, enoyl CoA isomerase , or as substrate type of isomerase for example, phosphoglucomutase . Classification Isomerases have their own Enzyme Commission number EC classification of enzymes EC 5 . Isomerases can be further classified into six subclasses Category EC 5.1 EC 5.1 includes enzymes that catalyze racemization racemase s and epimer ization epimerase s Category EC 5.2 EC 5.2 includes enzymes that catalyze the isomerization of geometric isomerism geometric isomers cis trans isomerase s Category EC 5.3 EC 5.3 includes intramolecular oxidoreductase s Category EC 5.4 EC 5.4 includes intramolecular transferase s mutase s Category EC 5.5 EC 5.5 includes intramolecular lyase s Category EC 5.99 EC 5.99 includes other isomerases including topoisomerase s References http www.chem.qmul.ac.uk iubmb enzyme EC5 intro.html EC 5 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London isomerase. Dorland s Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007. Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc 6 Nov. 2009 http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com isomerase isomerase. Webster s New World College Dictionary. LoveToKnow, n.d. Web. 6 November 2009. http www.yourdictionary.com isomerase External links http www.gopubmed.org GoMeshPubMed gomeshpubmed ?tool HotTopicDirect&termAlt mesh 237535 GoPubMed Top authors, journals, places publishing on Isomerases Enzymes Isomerases Category Isomerases ar bs Izomeraza bg ca Isomerasa cs Izomer za da Isomerase de Isomerasen es Isomerasa fa fr Isom rase gl Isomerase it Isomerasi he lt Izomeraz s nl Isomerase ja pl Izomerazy pt Isomerase ru sv Isomeras tr zomeraz zh ...   more details



  1. Glucose

    enzyme substrate small D small Glucose product small D small Glucose 6 phosphate reaction direction ... image D glucose wpmp.png product image Alpha D glucose 6 phosphate wpmp.png KEGG compound C00031 ... phosphate group so the glucose 6 phosphate cannot easily cross the cell membrane . Irreversible ... icsc icsc eics0865.htm ICSC 0865 EUIndex not listed This article is about D glucose or dextrose, as noted in the hatnote at the top. The article is NOT about the term Glucose or its denotations. Keep the intro simple. Glucose IPAc en l u k o s or IPAc en k o z C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub , also known as small D small glucose , dextrose , or grape sugar is a simple sugar monosaccharide ... bond by breaking the glucose phosphate bond. Other than its direct use as a monomer, glucose can ...about the naturally occurring small D small form of glucose the small L small form L Glucose Chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 480476804 Name small D small glucose ImageFile1 Glucose chain structure.svg ImageSize1 180 ImageCaption1 ImageFile2 D glucose chain 3D balls.png ImageSize2 180 ImageCaption2 PIN D glucose SystematicName 2 R ,3 S ,4 R ,5 R 2,3,4,5,6 Pentahydroxyhexanal OtherNames Blood sugar br Dextrose br Corn sugar br small D small Glucose br Grape sugar Section1 Chembox Identifiers ... Glucose ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 4167 KEGG Ref keggcite changed kegg KEGG C00031 ... correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H12O6 c7 1 2 3 8 4 9 5 10 6 11 12 2 h2 11H,1H2 t2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6? m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey WQZGKKKJIJFFOK GASJEMHNSA N Beilstein 1281604 Gmelin 83256 3DMet B04623 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub MolarMass 180.16 g mol ExactMass 180.063388 MeltingPt small D small glucose 146  C br small D small glucose 150  C Density 1.54  g cm sup 3 sup Solubility 91  g 100 ... capacity measurements and thermodynamic functions of crystalline D glucose at temperatures from ...   more details



  1. Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

    Distinguish D xylose isomerase enzyme Name Glucose 6 phosphate isomerase EC number 5.3.1.9 CAS number 9001 41 6 IUBMB EC number 5 3 1 9 GO code 0004347 image Glucose 6 phosphate isomerase 1GZV wpmp.png ... 1pgi TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD PBB geneid 2821 Glucose 6 phosphate isomerase alternatively ... and pathological significance of autocrine motility factor glucose 6 phosphate isomerase expression ... Mechanism The mechanism of glucose 6 phosphate isomerase involves the formation of an enediol ... 6 phosphate isomerase In some archaea and bacteria glucose 6 phosphate isomerase PGI activity occurs ... M title Glucose 6 phosphate isomerase deficiency. journal Baillieres Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol ... cite journal author Faik P, Walker JI, Redmill AA, Morgan MJ title Mouse glucose 6 phosphate isomerase ... basis of neurological dysfunction coupled with haemolytic anaemia in human glucose 6 phosphate isomerase ... 6 cite journal author Yakirevich E, Naot Y title Cloning of a glucose phosphate isomerase neuroleukin ... 6 phosphat Isomerase es Glucosa 6 fosfato isomerasa fr Glucose 6 phosphate isom rase it Glucosio 6 ... isomerase from pyrobaculum aerophilum in complex with fructose 6 phosphate Pfam PF10432 Pfam clan ... of glucose 6 phosphate into fructose 6 phosphate in the second step of glycolysis . The human ... glucose phosphate isomerase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ... is a dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose 6 phosphate and fructose 6 phosphate. glucose 6 phosphate fructose 6 phosphate The protein has different functions ... product s substrate image Alpha D glucose 6 phosphate wpmp.png product image Beta D fructose 6 phosphate ... glucose ring opening and isomerisation for the interconversion of glucose 6 phosphate to fructose ... P, Morgan MJ title Characterization of the 5 end of the gene for human glucose phosphate isomerase .... title The first stable variant of erythrocyte glucose phosphate isomerase associated with severe ...   more details



  1. Glucose 6-phosphate

    chembox verifiedrevid 464363195 ImageFileL1 Glucose 6 Phosphate.svg ImageFileR1 Beta D glucose 6 phosphate ... O O O OC O C H 1O MeSHName Glucose 6 phosphate Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub ... Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Glucose 6 phosphate also known as Robison ester is glucose ... position in cellular chemistry , glucose 6 phosphate has many possible fates within the cell. It lies ... to these metabolic pathways, glucose 6 phosphate may also be converted to glycogen or starch for storage ... 6 phosphate From glucose Within a cell, glucose 6 phosphate is produced by phosphorylation of glucose ... 6 phosphatase substrate small D small Glucose product small D small Glucose 6 phosphate reaction ... product s PO su p 3 b 4 substrate image D glucose wpmp.png product image Alpha D glucose 6 phosphate .... The phosphorylation adds a charged phosphate group so the glucose 6 phosphate cannot easily cross the cell membrane . From glycogen Glucose 6 phosphate is also produced during glycogenolysis from glucose ... . This will cause the G6P to be dehydrogenated by glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase . This reversible ... skeletons for synthesis then glucose 6 phosphate is targeted for glycolysis . Glucose 6 phosphate is first isomerized to fructose 6 phosphate by phosphoglucose isomerase . Enzymatic Reaction foward enzyme ... product s substrate image Alpha D glucose 6 phosphate wpmp.png product image Beta D fructose 6 ... This reaction converts glucose 6 phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate in preparation for phosphorylation ... bisphosphate is an irreversible step, and so is used to irreversibly target the glucose 6 phosphate ... can be turned into glucose 1 phosphate by phosphoglucose isomerase phosphoglucose mutase isomerase . Glucose 1 phosphate can then be combined with uridine triphosphate UTP to form UDP glucose ... no energy to remove it from storage. It is important to note that glucose 6 phosphate is an allosteric ... Liver cells possess glucose 6 phosphatase , which removes the phosphate group from glucose ...   more details



  1. Phosphoglucomutase (glucose-cofactor)

    enzyme Name phosphoglucomutase glucose cofactor EC number 5.4.2.5 CAS number 37278 22 1 IUBMB EC number 5 4 2 5 GO code 0047468 image width caption In enzymology , a phosphoglucomutase glucose cofactor EC number 5.4.2.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction alpha D glucose 1 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math D glucose 6 phosphate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , alpha D glucose 1 phosphate , and one product chemistry product , D glucose 6 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically the phosphotransferases phosphomutases , which transfer phosphate groups within a molecule. The systematic name of this enzyme class is alpha D glucose 1,6 phosphomutase glucose cofactor . Other names in common use include glucose phosphomutase , and glucose 1 phosphate phosphotransferase . This enzyme has at least one effector biology effector , D Glucose . References reflist 1 cite journal author FUJIMOTO A, INGRAM P, SMITH RA date 1965 title D GLUCOSE I PHOSPHATE D GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 96 pages 91&ndash 101 pmid 14285271 Boyer, P.D. Ed. , The Enzymes, 3rd ed., vol. 6, 1972, p. 407 477. isomerase stub Category EC 5.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ...   more details



  1. Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase

    enzyme Name ribose 5 phosphate isomerase EC number 5.3.1.6 CAS number 9023 83 0 IUBMB EC number 5 3 1 6 GO code 0004751 image width caption Ribose 5 phosphate isomerase Rpi is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion between ribose 5 phosphate R5P and ribulose 5 phosphate Ru5P . Structure and catalysis ... cite journal doi 10.1016 S0969 2126 02 00933 4 title Structure of Escherichia coli Ribose 5 Phosphate Isomerase A Ubiquitous Enzyme of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway and the Calvin Cycle year 2003 ... cycle OPPP enzyme ribose 5 phosphate isomerase EC 5.3.1.6 from spinach chloroplasts year 1996 ... Chemical Society volume 72 pages 1710 issue 4 ref Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate is converted to glucose .... Rpi Deficiency Ribose 5 phosphate isomerase deficiency is mutated in a rare disorder, Ribose 5 phosphate isomerase deficiency RpiA and the Malaria Parasite RpiA generated attention when the enzyme ..., Ms title Ribose 5 Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency New Inborn Error in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway ... Pentose phosphate isomerase and epimerase from animal tissues journal Biochem. J. volume 64 pages 567 ... J. E. year 1951 title The enzymatic conversion of 6 phosphogluconate to ribulose 5 phosphate ... DEFAULTSORT Ribose 5 Phosphate Isomerase Category EC 5.3.1 Category Enzymes of known structure de Ribose ... and structural insights volume 281 issue 6 pages 3633 41 issn 0021 9258 pmid 16339145 journal ... abbi.1999.1554 year 2000 month Jan author Jung, Ch Hartman, Fc Lu, Ty Larimer, Fw title D ribose 5 phosphate isomerase from spinach heterologous overexpression, purification, characterization, and site ... in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Calvin cycle , RpiA is highly conserved in most organisms ..., as it is involved in the Calvin cycle which takes place in plants, and the pentose phosphate pathway which takes place in plants as well as animals. Metabolic Role Pentose Phosphate Pathway In the non oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway , RpiA converts Ru5P to R5P which then is converted ...   more details



  1. Xylose isomerase

    enzyme Name xylose isomerase EC number 5.3.1.5 CAS number 9023 82 9 IUBMB EC number 5 3 1 5 GO code 0009045 image 2glk.png width caption D Xylose isomerase tetramer from Streptomyces rubiginosus Protein Data Bank PDB PDBe 2glk ref cite pmid 16707576 ref . One monomer is coloured by secondray structure to highlight the TIM barrel architecture. In enzymology , a xylose isomerase EC number 5.3.1.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D xylose math rightleftharpoons math D xylulose This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s interconverting aldose s and ketose s. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D xylose aldose ketose isomerase . Other names in common use include D xylose isomerase , D xylose ketoisomerase , and D xylose ketol isomerase . This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions and fructose and mannose metabolism. The enzyme is used industrially to convert glucose to fructose in the manufacture of high fructose corn syrup . It is sometimes referred to as glucose isomerase . Structural studies Xylose isomerase enzymes exhibit a TIM barrel fold with the active site in the centre of the barrel and a tetrameric quaternary structure ref http www.ebi.ac.uk pdbe srv PDBeXplore enzyme ?ec 5.3.1.5&tab assemblies ref . PDB structures are available in the links in the infobox to the right. References reflist 1 cite journal author HOCHSTER RM, WATSON RW date 1954 title Enzymatic ... 9 pmid 13125579 doi 10.1016 0003 9861 54 90313 6 issue 1 cite journal author Slein MW date 1955 title Xylose isomerase from Pasteurella pestis, strain A 1122 journal J. Am. Chem. Soc. volume 77 pages 1663&ndash 1667 doi 10.1021 ja01611a074 issue 6 cite journal author Yamanaka K date 1968 title Purification, crystallization and properties of the D xylose isomerase from Lactobacillus brevis journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 151 pages 670&ndash 80 pmid 5646045 issue 3 isomerase stub Category ...   more details



  1. Phosphate

    correct ?? ImageSizeL1 121 ImageNameL1 Stereo skeletal formula of phosphate ImageFileR1 0 phosphate 3D balls.png ImageFileR1 Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageSizeR1 121 ImageNameR1 Aromatic ball and stick model of phosphate SystematicName Phosphate ref Cite web title Phosphates PubChem Public ... 94.953420000 g mol sup 1 sup A phosphate , an inorganic chemical , is a Salt chemistry salt of phosphoric acid . In organic chemistry , a phosphate, or organophosphate , is an ester of phosphoric ... cite web url http fipr1.state.fl.us PhosphatePrimer title Phosphate Primer ref At elevated ... s. Chemical properties Image Phosphate formula.svg thumb upright The general chemical structure of an organophosphate. Image Phosphate Group.svg upright thumb This is the structural formula of the phosphoric ... basic aqueous solutions, the group donates the two hydrogen atom s and ion izes as a phosphate group ... San Francisco, California pages 65 isbn 0 8053 7171 0 ref The phosphate ion is a polyatomic ion with the empirical ... atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedron tetrahedral arrangement. The phosphate ... phosphate ion, chem HPO 4 2 , which is the conjugate base of chem H 2 PO 4 , the dihydrogen phosphate ion, which in turn is the conjugate base of chem H 3 PO 4 , phosphoric acid . The phosphate ion is a hypervalent molecule the phosphorus atom has 10 electrons in its valence shell . A phosphate salt .... The pyrophosphate s are mostly water soluble. Aqueous phosphate exists in four forms. In strongly basic conditions, the phosphate ion chem PO 4 3 predominates, whereas in weakly basic conditions, the hydrogen phosphate ion chem HPO 4 2 is prevalent. In weakly acid conditions, the dihydrogen phosphate ion chem H 2 PO 4 is most common. In strongly acidic conditions, trihydrogen phosphate chem ... 1 hydrogenphosphate 3D balls.png center chem HPO 4 2 center Image 0 phosphate 3D balls.png center ... , frac mbox PO 4 3 mbox HPO 4 2 simeq 2.14 times10 6 math so that only chem H 2 PO 4 and chem HPO ...   more details



  1. Arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase

    enzyme Name arabinose 5 phosphate isomerase EC number 5.3.1.13 CAS number 9023 86 3 IUBMB EC number 5 3 1 13 GO code 0019146 image width caption In enzymology , an arabinose 5 phosphate isomerase EC number 5.3.1.13 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D arabinose 5 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math D ribulose 5 phosphate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , D arabinose 5 phosphate , and one product chemistry product , D ribulose 5 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases interconverting aldoses and ketoses. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D arabinose 5 phosphate aldose ketose isomerase . Other names in common use include arabinose phosphate isomerase , phosphoarabinoisomerase , and D arabinose 5 phosphate ketol isomerase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Volk WA date 1960 title Purification and properties of phosphoarabinoisomerase from Propionibacterium pentosaceum journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 235 pages 1550&ndash 1553 isomerase stub Category EC 5.3.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ...   more details



  1. Glucose 1-phosphate

    phosphorylase trehalose phosphorylase and is then converted into glucose 6 phosphate by beta phosphoglucomutase ... EBI ChEBI 16077 SMILES O P O OC1O C H C H O C H O C H 1O CO O MeSHName glucose 1 phosphate Section2 Chembox Properties C 6 H 13 O 9 P 1 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Section3 Chembox Hazards Solubility MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Glucose 1 phosphate also called cori ester is a glucose molecule with a phosphate group on the 1 carbon. It can exist in either the or anomer ic form. Reactions of glucose 1 phosphate Catabolic In glycogenolysis , it is the direct product of the reaction in which glycogen phosphorylase cleaves off a molecule of glucose from a greater glycogen structure. To be utilized in cellular catabolism it must first be converted to glucose 6 phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase . One reason that cells form glucose 1 phosphate instead of glucose during glycogen breakdown is that the very polar phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell membrane and so is marked for intracellular catabolism. Anabolic In glycogenesis , free glucose 1 phosphate can ... 1 phosphate Glucose 1 phosphate is found in some microbes. It is produced by inverting glucan ...unreferenced date June 2010 chembox verifiedrevid 443837963 ImageFile Glucose 1 phosphate.svg ImageSize 150px ImageCaption Anionic form of small D small glucose 1 phosphate ImageFile2 Cori ester.gif ImageSize2 150px ImageCaption2 Neutral form of small D small glucose 1 phosphate IUPACName Glucose 1 phosphate OtherNames Cori ester Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 388311 InChI 1 C6H13O9P c7 1 2 3 8 4 9 5 10 6 14 2 15 16 11,12 13 h2 10H,1H2, H2,11,12,13 t2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6? m1 s1 InChIKey HXXFSFRBOHSIMQ GASJEMHNBR StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H13O9P c7 1 2 3 8 4 9 5 10 6 14 2 15 16 11,12 13 h2 10H,1H2, H2,11,12,13 t2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6? m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey HXXFSFRBOHSIMQ ...   more details



  1. Glucose cycle

    6 phosphatase. Diseases associated with glucose cycle A deficiency in glucose 6 phosphatase that disrupts ...Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 The glucose cycle also known as the hepatic futile cycle occurs primarily in the liver and is the dynamic equilibrium between glucose and glucose 6 phosphate . This is important for maintaining a constant concentration of glucose in the blood stream . Function The glucose cycle is required for one of the liver functions the homeostasis of glucose in the blood stream. When blood glucose levels are in excess, glucose can be stored in the liver as glycogen . When glucose levels in the blood stream are low the glycogen can be catabolism catabolised and glucose may re enter the blood stream. The catabolic process occurs at the nonreducing end of glycogen. A phosphate group breaks the bond between C 1 of a glucose ring and the O that connects it to the next phosphorolysis . One glucose unit is thus split off. Glycogen with n glucose units is converted into G 1 P a PO sub 4 sub group now attaches to C1 where O used to and glycogen with n 1 glucose units by enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. G 1 P is then converted into G 6 P by enzyme phosphoglucomutase. A water molecule hydrolyses G 6 P to glucose, the enzyme is glucose 6 phosphatase. Cell specificity When glucose enters a cell it is rapidly changed to glucose 6 phosphate, by hexokinase or glucokinase . The glucose cycle can occur in liver cells due to a liver specific enzyme glucose 6 phosphatase , which catalyse the dephosphorylation of glucose 6 phosphate back to glucose. Glucose 6 phosphate is the product of glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis , where the goal is to increase free glucose in the blood due body being in catabolic state. Other cells such as muscle and brain cells do not contain glucose 6 phosphatase. As a result, any glucose 6 phosphate produced in those cells is committed to cellular metabolic pathways, primarily pentose phosphate pathway or glycolysis ...   more details



  1. Retinal isomerase

    enzyme Name retinal isomerase EC number 5.2.1.3 CAS number 9023 76 1 IUBMB EC number 5 2 1 3 GO code 0004744 image width caption In enzymology , a retinal isomerase EC number 5.2.1.3 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction all trans retinal math rightleftharpoons math 11 cis retinal Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , all trans retinal , and one product chemistry product , 11 cis retinal . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically Cis trans isomerism cis trans isomerases . The systematic name of this enzyme class is all trans retinal 11 cis trans isomerase . Other names in common use include retinene isomerase , and retinoid isomerase . This enzyme participates in retinol metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author HUBBARD R date 1956 title Retinene isomerase journal J. Gen. Physiol. volume 39 pages 935&ndash 62 pmid 13346046 doi 10.1085 jgp.39.6.935 issue 6 pmc 2147571 cite journal author Shichi H, Somers RL date 1974 title Possible involvement of retinylidene phospholipid in photoisomerization of all trans retinal to 11 cis retinal journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 249 pages 6570&ndash 7 pmid 4472816 issue 20 isomerase stub Category EC 5.2.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ...   more details



  1. Triosephosphate isomerase

    view of triose P isomerase monomer, active site at top center Triose phosphate isomerase TPI or TIM ... disorder called Triose Phosphate Isomerase deficiency triose phosphate isomerase deficiency . Triose phosphate isomerase deficiency is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia . While there are various ... data DUPLICATE DATA coauthors Ov di, J. ref Triose phosphate isomerase is a highly efficient enzyme ..., R.C. title Triose Phosphate Isomerase Removal of a Putatively Electrophilic Histidine Residue Results ... accessyear pmid 2005961 ref Commented out File tim mechanism.svg center Triose Phosphate Isomerase Mechanism .... authorlink coauthors Opperdoes, F.R. title Kinetic properties of triose phosphate isomerase from ... phosphate isomerase dimer. Structure Infobox protein family Symbol TIM Name Triosephosphate isomerase ... SCOP 1tph TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Triose phosphate isomerase is a protein dimer dimer ... Komives, E.A. ref br style clear both See also TIM barrel Triose Phosphate Isomerase deficiency ...infobox enzyme Name triosephosphate isomerase EC number 5.3.1.1 CAS number 9023 78 3 IUBMB EC number ... phosphate isomer s dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate . Enzymatic Reaction foward enzyme triose phosphate isomerase reverse enzyme triose phosphate isomerase substrate Dihydroxyacetone phosphate product small D small glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate reaction direction foward reversible ... s minor reverse product s substrate image glycerone phosphate wpmp.png product image D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate wpmp.png KEGG compound C00111 KEGG enzyme 5.3.1.1 KEGG compound C00118 TPI plays an important ... isomerase deficiency facts and doubts journal IUBMB Life volume 58 issue 12 pages 703 ... for the Reaction Catalyzed by Triosephosphate Isomerase journal Biochemistry volume 15 issue 25 pages ... site of triosephosphate isomerase journal Biochemistry volume 29 issue 18 pages 4312 4317 publisher ..., and are displayed in the figure. ref name albery Image Triosephosphate Isomerase DeltaG.svg ...   more details



  1. Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase

    enzyme Name phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase EC number 5.3.1.24 CAS number 37259 82 8 IUBMB EC number 5 3 1 24 GO code 0004640 image width caption Infobox protein family Symbol PRAI Name PRAI image PDB 1dl3 EBI.jpg width caption crystal structure of mutually generated monomers of dimeric phosphoribosylantranilate isomerase from thermotoga maritima Pfam PF00697 Pfam clan CL0036 InterPro IPR001240 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1pii TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In enzymology , a phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase EC number 5.3.1.24 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the third step of tryptophan biosynthesis . ref cite journal author Creighton TE and Yanofsky C date 1970 title Chorismate to tryptophan Escherichia coli Anthranilate synthetase, PR transferase, PRA isomerase, InGP synthetase, tryptophan synthetase journal Methods Enzymol. volume 17A pages 365&ndash 380 ref N 5 phospho beta D ribosyl anthranilate math rightleftharpoons math 1 2 carboxyphenylamino 1 deoxy D ribulose 5 phosphate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , N 5 phospho beta D ribosyl anthranilate , and one product chemistry product , 1 2 carboxyphenylamino 1 deoxy D ribulose 5 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase ... beta D ribosyl anthranilate aldose ketose isomerase . Other names in common use include PRA isomerase , PRAI , IGPS PRAI indole 3 glycerol phosphate , synthetase N 5 phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase complex , and N 5 phospho beta D ribosyl anthranilate ketol isomerase . This enzyme participates ... isomerase PRAI is monomeric and labile in most mesophilic microorganisms, but protein dimer ... generated monomers of dimeric phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase from Thermotoga maritima journal ... at 2.0 A resolution of phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase from the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima ... InterPro content IPR001240 isomerase stub Category EC 5.3.1 Category Enzymes of known structure Category ...   more details



  1. Chalcone isomerase

    enzyme Name chalcone isomerase EC number 5.5.1.6 CAS number 9073 57 8 IUBMB EC number 5 5 1 6 GO code 0045430 image width caption Infobox protein family Symbol Chalcone Name Chalcone isomerase image PDB 1jep EBI.jpg width caption chalcone isomerase complexed with 4 hydroxyflavanone Pfam PF02431 Pfam clan InterPro IPR003466 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1eyp TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In enzymology , a chalcone isomerase EC number 5.5.1.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction a chalcone math rightleftharpoons math a flavanone Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , a chalconoid chalcone , and one product chemistry product , a flavanone . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically the class of intramolecular lyases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is flavanone lyase decyclizing . This enzyme is also called chalcone flavanone isomerase . This enzyme participates in flavonoid biosynthesis . The Petunia hybrida Petunia genome contains two genes coding for very similar enzymes, ChiA and ChiB, but only the first seems to encode a functional chalcone isomerase. Structural studies As of late 2007, 7 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1EYP , PDB link 1EYQ , PDB link 1FM7 , PDB link 1FM8 , PDB link 1JEP , PDB link 1JX0 , and PDB link 1JX1 . Chalcone isomerase has a core 2 layer alpha beta secondary structure structure consisting of beta 3 alpha 2 beta alpha 2 beta 3 . ref name pmid10966651 cite journal author Jez JM, Bowman ... chalcone isomerase journal Nat. Struct. Biol. volume 7 issue 9 pages 786 91 year 2000 month September ... author Moustafa E and Wong E year 1967 title Purification and properties of chalcone flavanone isomerase from soya bean seed journal Phytochemistry journal Phytochemistry volume 6 pages 625&ndash 632 ... EC 5.5.1 Category Enzymes of known structure isomerase stub ...   more details



  1. Glucose 1-dehydrogenase

    enzyme Name glucose 1 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.47 CAS number 9028 53 9 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 47 GO code 0047936 image width caption In enzymology , a glucose 1 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.47 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction beta D glucose NAD P math rightleftharpoons math D glucono 1,5 lactone NAD P H H sup sup The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are beta D glucose , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup , and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , whereas its 4 product chemistry products are Glucono delta lactone D glucono 1,5 lactone , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is beta D glucose NAD P 1 oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include D glucose dehydrogenase NAD P , and hexose phosphate dehydrogenase . This enzyme participates in pentose phosphate pathway . Structural studies As of late 2007, 9 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1G6K , PDB link 1GCO , PDB link 1GEE , PDB link 1RWB , PDB link 1SPX , PDB link 2B5V , PDB link 2B5W , PDB link 2CD9 , and PDB link 2CDA . References reflist 1 cite journal author K, Rick W, Staudinger HJ year 1975 title A glucose dehydrogenase for the determination of glucose concentrations in body fluids ... 3 cite journal author Brink NG year 1953 title Beef liver glucose dehydrogenase. 1. Purification and properties ... S rensen first5 Nils Andreas cite journal author Pauly HE and Pfleiderer G year 1976 title D Glucose ... HJ, KORKES S year 1952 title Glucose dehydrogenase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 196 pages 769&ndash 84 pmid 12981017 issue 2 cite journal author Thompson RE, Carper WR year 1970 title Glucose ...   more details



  1. Pentagalloyl glucose

    Pentagalloyl glucose may refer to 1,2,3,4,6 pentagalloyl glucose 6 digalloyl 1,2,3 trigalloyl glucose Chemistry disambiguation ...   more details



  1. Glucose 6-phosphatase

    Ghosh A, Shieh JJ, Pan CJ, Chou JY title Histidine 167 is the phosphate acceptor in glucose 6 phosphatase ... transport model to account for the catalytic properties of glucose 6 Pase. In this model, glucose 6 Pase has a low degree of selectivity. The transfer of the glucose 6 phosphate is carried out by a transporter ... 6 Pase catalysis, it was proposed that the hydrolysis of Glucose 6 Phosphate was completed via a covalent phosphohistidine glucose 6 Phosphate intermediate. The active site of Glc 6 Pase was initially ... glucose 6 phosphate cannot cross the sarcolemma unless it is dephosphorylated. The enzyme plays ...enzyme Name Glucose 6 phosphatase. EC number 3.1.3.9 CAS number 9001 39 2 IUBMB EC number 3 1 3 9 GO code 0004346 image width caption Image Glucose 6 Phosphate.svg thumb Glucose 6 phosphate Image Beta D Glucose.svg thumb Glucose Glucose 6 phosphatase Glc 6 Pase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes glucose 6 phosphate resulting in the creation of a phosphate group and free glucose. Glucose is then exported ... Ghosh A, Shieh JJ, Pan CJ, Sun MS, Chou JY title The catalytic center of glucose 6 phosphatase. HIS176 ... I title The glucose 6 phosphatase system journal Biochem. J. volume 362 issue Pt 3 pages 513 32 ... bj3620513.htm pmc 1222414 ref Glucose 6 Pase consists of 357 amino acids, and is anchored to the endoplasmic ... to the ER, the exact structure of glucose 6 Pase remains unknown. However, sequence alignment has shown that glucose 6 Pase is structurally similar to the active site of the vanadium containing chloroperoxidase ... KJ, Annabi B, Hemrika W, Chou JY title Transmembrane topology of glucose 6 phosphatase journal J. Biol ... of Glc 6 P begins with a nucleophilic attack on the sugar bound phosphate by His176 resulting ... of the mothers source of glucose. The human Glc 6 Pase gene contains five exons spanning approximately ... glucose 6 phosphatase mutations affecting protein stability journal Mol. Genet. Metab. volume 83 issue ... significance Mutations of the Glucose 6 phosphatase system specifically the Glucose 6 phosphatase ...   more details



  1. Mannose isomerase

    enzyme Name mannose isomerase EC number 5.3.1.7 CAS number 9031 25 8 IUBMB EC number 5 3 1 7 GO code 0050089 image width caption In enzymology , a mannose isomerase EC number 5.3.1.7 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D mannose math rightleftharpoons math D fructose Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , D mannose , and one product chemistry product , D fructose . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s interconverting aldose s and ketose s. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D mannose aldose ketose isomerase . Other names in common use include D mannose isomerase , and D mannose ketol isomerase . This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Palleroni NJ and Doudoroff M date 1956 title Mannose isomerase of Pseudomonas saccharophila journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 218 pages 535&ndash 548 pmid 13278359 isomerase stub Category EC 5.3.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ...   more details



  1. Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate

    chembox verifiedrevid 443836672 ImageFile Glucose 1,6 bisphosphate.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 3 R ,4 S ,5 S ,6 R 3,4,5 trihydroxy 6 phosphonooxymethyl oxan 2 yl dihydrogen phosphate OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 8580400 ChemSpiderID Comment unspecified anomer ChemSpiderID1 Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID1 74362 ChemSpiderID1 Comment alpha anomer ChemSpiderID2 Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID2 394563 ChemSpiderID1 Comment beta anomer InChI 1 C6H14O12P2 c7 3 2 1 16 19 10,11 12 17 6 5 9 4 3 8 18 20 13,14 15 h2 9H,1H2, H2,10,11,12 H2,13,14,15 t2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 m1 s1 InChIKey RWHOZGRAXYWRNX VFUOTHLCBH StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H14O12P2 c7 3 2 1 16 19 10,11 12 17 6 5 9 4 3 8 18 20 13,14 15 h2 9H,1H2, H2,10,11,12 H2,13,14,15 t2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey RWHOZGRAXYWRNX VFUOTHLCSA N CASNo 305 58 8 PubChem 82400 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 18148 SMILES O P O O OC C H 1O C H OP O O O C H O C H O C H 1O Section2 Chembox Properties C 6 H 14 O 12 P 2 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Glucose 1,6 bisphosphate is a derivative of glucose 1 phosphate . See also Glucose 1,6 bisphosphate synthase Glycogenesis organic compound stub Category Organophosphates ...   more details



  1. Glucose transporter

    family that is found in most mammal mammalian cell s. Synthesis of free glucose Most non Autotroph autotrophic cells are unable to produce free glucose because they lack expression of glucose 6 phosphatase and, thus, are involved only in glucose uptake and catabolism . Usually only produced ...Image Beta D Glucose.svg thumb Glucose Glucose transporters are a wide group of membrane protein s that facilitate the transport of glucose over a plasma membrane . Because glucose is a vital source of energy ... are able to produce glucose following activation of gluconeogenesis . Glucose transport in yeast In Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucose transport takes place through facilitated diffusion . ref ... identified. ref http www.uniprot.org uniprot ?query glucose transporter&sort organism&desc false&page 94 uniprot list of possible glucose transporters in S. cerevisiae ref class wikitable Name Properties Notes Snf3 low glucose sensor repressed by glucose low expression level repressor of Hxt6 Rgt2 high glucose sensor low expression level Hxt1 Michaelis Menten kinetics Km 100 mM ref name molgen ... A, Boles E, Fuhrmann G F title Characterisation of glucose transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ... 539 550 year 2002 pmid 12702270 doi 10.1111 j.1567 1364.2002.tb00121.x ref low affinity glucose transporter induced by high glucose level Hxt2 Km 1.5 ref name Maier 10 mM ref name molgen high intermediate affinityglucose transporter induced by low glucose level ref name molgen Hxt3 Vm 18.5, Kd 0.078, Km 28.6 34.2 ref name Maier 60 mM ref name molgen low affinity glucose transporter ref name molgen Hxt4 Vm 12.0, Kd 0.049, Km 6.2 ref name Maier intermediate affinity glucose transporter ref name ... yea.779 ref Moderate glucose affinity. Abundant during stationary phase, sporulation and low glucose conditions. Transcription repressed by glucose. ref name SILS Hxt6 Vm 11.4, Kd 0.029, Km 0.9 14 ref name Maier , 1.5 mM ref name molgen high glucose affinity ref name molgen Hxt7 Vm 11.7, Kd 0.039 ...   more details



  1. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

    6 phosphate. Enzymatic Reaction foward enzyme triose phosphate isomerase reverse enzyme triose phosphate isomerase substrate Dihydroxyacetone phosphate product small D small glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate reaction direction foward reversible reverse reversible minor foward substrate s minor foward product s minor reverse substrate s minor reverse product s substrate image glycerone phosphate wpmp.png product image D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate wpmp.png KEGG compound C00111 KEGG enzyme 5.3.1.1 KEGG compound C00118 Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in other pathways In the Calvin cycle , DHAP is one ...Unreferenced date September 2007 chembox verifiedrevid 443688588 Name Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ImageFile DHAP struct.svg ImageSize 200px ImageName Dihydroxyacetone phosphate IUPACName 3 Hydroxy 2 oxopropyl phosphate OtherNames Dihydroxyacetone phosphate br DHAP Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID ... Properties Formula C sub 3 sub H sub 7 sub O sub 6 sub P MolarMass 170.06 g mol MeltingPt Dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP is a biochemical compound involved in many reactions, from the Calvin cycle ... is in the glycolysis metabolic pathway . DHAP may be referred to as glycerone phosphate in older texts. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in glycolysis Dihydroxyacetone phosphate lies in the glycolysis metabolic ... 3 phosphate . It is rapidly and reversibly isomerised to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate ... D small glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate major product 1 stoichiometric constant major product 1 image D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate wpmp.png major product 2 dihydroxyacetone phosphate major product 2 stoichiometric constant major product 2 image glycerone phosphate wpmp.png foward enzyme fructose bisphosphate ... to reform ribulose 5 phosphate, the key carbohydrate of the Calvin cycle. DHAP is also the product of the dehydrogenation of Glycerol 3 phosphate L glycerol 3 phosphate , which is part of the entry ... of glycolysis derived DHAP to L glycerol 3 phosphate provides adipose cells with the activated ...   more details



  1. Hydroxypyruvate isomerase

    enzyme Name hydroxypyruvate isomerase EC number 5.3.1.22 CAS number 74812 48 9 IUBMB EC number 5 3 1 22 GO code 0008903 image width caption In enzymology , a hydroxypyruvate isomerase EC number 5.3.1.22 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction hydroxypyruvate math rightleftharpoons math 2 hydroxy 3 oxopropanoate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , hydroxypyruvate , and one product chemistry product , 2 hydroxy 3 oxopropanoate . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s interconverting aldose s and ketose s. The systematic name of this enzyme class is hydroxypyruvate aldose ketose isomerase . This enzyme participates in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author de Windt FE, van der Drift C date 1980 title Purification and some properties of hydroxypyruvate isomerase of Bacillus fastidiosus journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 613 pages 556&ndash 62 pmid 7448201 issue 2 isomerase stub Category EC 5.3.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ...   more details




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