enzyme Name glycerol kinase EC number 2.7.1.30 CAS number IUBMB EC number GO code image width caption protein Name glycerol kinase caption image width HGNCid 4289 Symbol GK AltSymbols EntrezGene 2710 OMIM 300474 RefSeq NM 000167 UniProt P32189 PDB ECnumber 2.7.1.30 Chromosome X Arm p Band 21.3 LocusSupplementaryData Glycerol kinase is a phosphotransferase enzyme involved in triglyceride s and glycerophospholipid s synthesis. Glycerol kinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from adenosine triphosphate ATP to glycerol thus forming glycerol phosphate ATP glycerol ADP sn glycerol 3 phosphate . Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase so they cannot metabolize the glycerol produced during triacyl glycerol degradation. This glycerol is instead shuttled to the liver via the blood where it is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to glycerol phosphate converted to DHAP dihydroxyacetone phosphate which can participate in glycolysis or gluconeogenesis . Enzyme Regulation This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation . ref name pmid22182754 cite journal author T. Selwood and E. K. Jaffe. title Dynamic dissociating homo oligomers and the control of protein function. journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 519 issue 2 pages 131 43 year 2011 pmid 22182754 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?cmd Retrieve&db PubMed&dopt Citation&list uids 22182754 doi 10.1016 j.abb.2011.11.020 ref Structure Glycerol Kinase alternative name, ATP glycerol 3 phosphotransferase or Glycerokinase adopts a rnase H ribonuclease H like fold consisting of an alpha beta 2 layer sandwich of CATH family 3.30.420.40. As of 2010 03 , there were 20 structures of this protein in the PDB, most of which are homodimeric. See also glycerol kinase External links MeshName Glycerol Kinase References reflist Biochemistry, Champe, P.C., Harvey, R.A., Ferrier, D.R., 3rd ed., 2005. Kinases transferase stub de Glycerinkinasen ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Chembox verifiedrevid 443838473 ImageFile glycerol 3 phosphate.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName 1,2,3 Propanetriol, 1 dihydrogen phosphate OtherNames br Glycerophosphate br glycerolphosphate Section1 Chembox Identifiers KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C03189 InChI 1 C3H9O6P c4 1 3 5 2 9 10 6,7 8 h3 5H,1 2H2, H2,6,7,8 InChIKey AWUCVROLDVIAJX UHFFFAOYAM ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 358320 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C3H9O6P c4 1 3 5 2 9 10 6,7 8 h3 5H,1 2H2, H2,6,7,8 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey AWUCVROLDVIAJX UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 57 03 4 PubChem 754 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 734 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 14336 SMILES O P O OCC O CO O MeSHName glycerol 3 phosphate Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 3 sub H sub 9 sub O sub 6 sub P MolarMass 172.074 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Section3 Chembox Hazards Solubility MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Glycerol 3 phosphate is an organophosphate derived from the reaction catalysed by glycerol kinase or ATP glycerol 3 phosphotransferase where ATP glycerol ADP sn glycerol 3 phosphate. It is a component of glycerophospholipid s. It should not be confused ... configuration is the active enantiomer . Function Glycerol 3 phosphate is produced from glycerol , the triose sugar backbone of triglyceride s and glycerophospholipid s, by the enzyme glycerol kinase . Glycerol 3 phosphate may then be converted by dehydrogenation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP by the enzyme glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase . DHAP can then be rearranged into glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate GA3P by triose phosphate isomerase TIM , and feed into glycolysis . The glycerol 3 phosphate ... muscle cells of mammals. See also Glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase Phosphoethanolamine DEFAULTSORT Glycerol 3 Phosphate Category Diols Category Organophosphates fa ja ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.6 CAS number 9028 14 2 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 6 GO code 0008888 image 1jqa assembly.png width caption Glycerol dehydrogenase from B. stearothermophilus with glycerol spheres Protein Data Bank PDB 1jqa In enzymology , a glycerol dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol NAD sup sup math rightleftharpoons math glycerone NADH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup , whereas its three product chemistry products are glycerone , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol NAD 2 oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include glycerin dehydrogenase , and NAD linked glycerol dehydrogenase . This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism . Structural studies Structural studies have shown that the enzyme is zinc dependant with the active site lying between the two domains of the protein. The NAD binding site resembles the Rossmann fold ref Glycerol dehydrogenase. structure, specificity, and mechanism of a family III polyol dehydrogenase. Ruzheinikov et al. Structure 2001 PMID 11566129. ref A full list of structures solved and deposited in the Protein Data Bank PDB for this class of enzyme can be found in the info box. See also Glycerol dehydrogenase NADP Glycerol dehydrogenase acceptor References reflist 1 cite journal author ASNIS RE, BRODIE AF year 1953 title A glycerol dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 203 pages 153&ndash 9 pmid 13069498 issue 1 cite journal author Burton RM and Kaplan NO year 1953 title A DPN specific glycerol ... of glycerol dehydrogenase from Aerobacter aerogenes by monovalent cations journal J. Biol ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol dehydratase EC number 4.2.1.30 CAS number 9077 68 3 IUBMB EC number 4 2 1 30 GO code 0046405 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol dehydratase EC number 4.2.1.30 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol math rightleftharpoons math 3 hydroxypropanal H sub 2 sub O Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , glycerol , and two product chemistry products , 3 hydroxypropanal and water H sub 2 sub O . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the hydro lyases, which cleave carbon oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol hydro lyase 3 hydroxypropanal forming . Other names in common use include glycerol dehydrase , and glycerol hydro lyase . This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , cobamide . Structural studies As of late 2007, two tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1IWP and PDB link 1MMF . References reflist 1 cite journal author Forage RG, Foster MA date 1982 title Glycerol fermentation in Klebsiella pneumoniae functions of the coenzyme B12 dependent glycerol and diol dehydratases journal J. Bacteriol. volume 149 pages 413&ndash 9 pmid 7035429 issue 2 pmc 216523 cite journal author Schneider Z, Larsen EG, Jacobson G, Johnson BC, Pawelkiewicz J date 1970 title Purification and properties of glycerol dehydrase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 245 pages 3388&ndash 96 pmid 4989992 issue 13 cite journal author Schneider Z, Pawelkiewicz J date 1966 title The properties of glycerol dehydratase isolated from Aerobacter aerogenes, and the properties of the apoenzyme subunits journal Acta. Biochim. Pol. volume 13 pages 311&ndash 28 pmid 5962440 issue 4 cite journal author SMILEY KL, SOBOLOV M date 1962 title A cobamide requiring glycerol dehydrase from an acrolein forming Lactobacillus journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 No footnotes date March 2009 Glycerol monolaurate or GML is a surfactant used as a food additive , and in other products. It also occurs naturally in breast milk . ref Lieberman, S., M.G. Enig, and H.G. Preuss. 2006. A review of monolaurin and lauric acid natural virucidal and bactericidal agents. Alternative and Complementary Therapies. ref File Glycerol monolaurate 2D skeletal.png 300px Uses GML is used in ice cream and cosmetics as an emulsifier and preservative. It is also used in soaps. Glycerol Monolaurate Research Glycerol Monolaurate has been shown to have antibacerial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. ref Lieberman, S., M.G. Enig, and H.G. Preuss. 2006. A review of monolaurin and lauric acid natural virucidal and bactericidal agents. Alternative and Complementary Therapies. ref GML has been a successful treatment for toxic shock syndrome. In 2009, a team from the University of Minnesota reported that GML may provide some protection against infection from the HIV virus. The research is published in the March 4, 2009 online edition of Nature. references http in.reuters.com article healthNewsMolt idINTRE52356U20090304 http jb.asm.org cgi content abstract 176 14 4204 http www.nature.com news 2009 090304 full news.2009.135.html External links http www.ahc.umn.edu gml DEFAULTSORT Glycerol Monolaurate Category Food additives Category Surfactants ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 415508712 Name Glycerol monostearate ImageFile GlycMonoStear PlainSVG.svg ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2,3 dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate OtherNames Glyceryl monostearate br Glycerin monostearate br Monostearin br GMS Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 23095 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D01947 InChI 1 C21H42O4 c1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 21 24 25 19 20 23 18 22 h20,22 23H,2 19H2,1H3 InChIKey VBICKXHEKHSIBG UHFFFAOYAT ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 255696 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C21H42O4 c1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 21 24 25 19 20 23 18 22 h20,22 23H,2 19H2,1H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey VBICKXHEKHSIBG UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 123 94 4 CASOther pure grade ref name BookPreserv cite book last Ash first Michael coauthors Ash, Irene title Handbook of Preservatives url http books.google.com books?id XZ2QB7bu5LwC&pg PA404 accessdate 2008 11 06 year 2004 publisher Synapse Information Resources isbn 1890595667 page 404 ref br 11099 07 3 crude grade ref name BookPreserv Clarify date March 2010 br 31566 31 1 generic ref name BookPreserv Clarify date March 2010 br 85666 92 8 generic ref name BookPreserv Clarify date March 2010 br 85251 77 0 glycerides, C sub 16 18 sub mono and di Clarify date March 2010 PubChem SMILES O C OCC O CO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 21 sub H sub 42 sub O sub 4 sub MolarMass 358.57 g mol Appearance white, yellowish Density ... MainHazards FlashPt convert 230 C F abbr on open cup Autoignition Refimprove date March 2010 Glycerol ... flaky powder that is hygroscopic . It is a glycerol ester of stearic acid . It occurs naturally in the body ... and hair care products. ref http www.intox.org databank documents chemical glycmono cie536.htm Glycerol ... DEFAULTSORT Glycerol Monostearate Category Food additives Category Bodybuilding supplements Category ... more details
enzyme Name diphosphate glycerol phosphotransferase EC number 2.7.1.79 CAS number 37278 13 0 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 79 GO code 0047331 image width caption In enzymology , a diphosphate glycerol phosphotransferase EC number 2.7.1.79 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction diphosphate glycerol math rightleftharpoons math phosphate glycerol 1 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are diphosphate and glycerol , whereas its two product chemistry products are phosphate and glycerol 1 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is diphosphate glycerol 1 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include PPi glycerol phosphotransferase , and pyrophosphate glycerol phosphotransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Stetten MR date 1970 title Enzymatic synthesis of glycerol I phosphate. Elevation in diabetic and fasted animals, compared with glucose 6 phosphatase and related enzyme activities journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 208 pages 394&ndash 403 pmid 4319153 issue 3 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name CDP glycerol diphosphatase EC number 3.6.1.16 CAS number 37289 28 4 IUBMB EC number 3 6 1 16 GO code 0047734 image width caption In enzymology , a CDP glycerol diphosphatase EC number 3.6.1.16 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP glycerol H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math CMP sn glycerol 3 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are CDP glycerol and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are cytidine monophosphate CMP and sn glycerol 3 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus containing anhydrides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is CDP glycerol phosphoglycerohydrolase . Other names in common use include CDP glycerol pyrophosphatase , and cytidine diphosphoglycerol pyrophosphatase . This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author GLASER L date 1965 title THE SYNTHESIS OF TEICHOIC ACID. IV. ON THE REGULATION OF CYTIDINE 5 DIPHOSPHATEGLYCEROL CONCENTRATION journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 101 pages 6&ndash 15 pmid 14329291 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.6.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol dehydrogenase acceptor EC number 1.1.99.22 CAS number 249285 11 8 IUBMB EC number 1 1 99 22 GO code 0047955 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol dehydrogenase acceptor EC number 1.1.99.22 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol acceptor math rightleftharpoons math glycerone reduced acceptor Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol and Electron acceptor acceptor , whereas its two product chemistry products are glycerone and reduced acceptor . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol acceptor 1 oxidoreductase . This enzyme is also called glycerol acceptor 1 oxidoreductase . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , PQQ . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ameyama M, Shinagawa E, Matsushita K and Adachi O date 1985 title Solubilization, purification and properties of membrane bound glycerol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter industrius journal Agric. Biol. Chem. volume 49 pages 1001&ndash 1010 1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.99 Category Pyrroloquinoline quinone enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Glicerolo deidrogenasi accettore ja ... more details
enzyme Name CDP glycerol glycerophosphotransferase EC number 2.7.8.12 CAS number 9076 71 5 IUBMB EC number 2 7 8 12 GO code 0047355 image width caption In enzymology , a CDP glycerol glycerophosphotransferase EC number 2.7.8.12 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP glycerol glycerophosphate sub n sub math rightleftharpoons math CMP glycerophosphate sub n 1 sub Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are CDP glycerol and glycerophosphate n , whereas its two product chemistry products are cytidine monophosphate CMP and glycerophosphate n 1 . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring non standard substituted phosphate groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is CDP glycerol poly glycerophosphate glycerophosphotransferase . Other names in common use include teichoic acid synthase , cytidine diphosphoglycerol glycerophosphotransferase , poly glycerol phosphate polymerase , teichoic acid glycerol transferase , glycerophosphate synthetase , and CGPTase . References reflist 1 cite journal author BURGER MM, GLASER L date 1964 title THE SYNTHESIS OF TEICHOIC ACIDS. I. POLYGLYCEROPHOSPHATE journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 239 pages 3168&ndash 77 pmid 14245357 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.8 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.72 CAS number 37250 11 6 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 72 GO code 0047956 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.72 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol NADP sup sup math rightleftharpoons math D glyceraldehyde NADPH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are D glyceraldehyde , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol NADP oxidoreductase . This enzyme is also called glycerol dehydrogenase NADP . This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kormann AW, Hurst RO, Flynn TG year 1972 title Purification and properties of an NADP dependent glycerol dehydrogenase from rabbit skeletal muscle journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 258 pages 40&ndash 55 pmid 4400494 issue 1 cite journal author Toews CJ year 1967 title The kinetics and reaction mechanism of the nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide phosphate specific glycerol dehydrogenase of rat skeletal muscle journal Biochem. J. volume 105 pages 1067&ndash 1073 pmid 16742532 Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure 1.1.1 enzyme stub it Glicerolo deidrogenasi NADP ja NADP ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol 2 dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.156 CAS number 39342 20 6 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 156 GO code 0047953 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol 2 dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.156 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol NADP sup sup math rightleftharpoons math glycerone NADPH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are glycerone , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol NADP 2 oxidoreductase glycerone forming . Other names in common use include dihydroxyacetone reductase , dihydroxyacetone reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , phosphate reductase , dihydroxyacetone reductase NADPH , DHA oxidoreductase , and glycerol 2 dehydrogenase NADP . This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ben Amotz A, Avron M date 1973 title NADP specific dihydroxyacetone reductase from Dunaliella parva journal FEBS. Lett. volume 29 pages 153&ndash 5 pmid 4146296 doi 10.1016 0014 5793 73 80548 4 issue 2 1.1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Glicerolo 2 deidrogenasi NADP ja 2 NADP ... more details
barelinks date August 2011 Glycerol Kinase Deficiency GKD is an X linked recessive enzyme defect that is heterozygous ... asp html reports fy1997 Overview.html ref Causes Glycerol Kinase Deficiency has two main causes associated with it. The first cause is isolated enzyme deficiency. The enzyme glycerol kinase is encoded by the X chromosome X chromosome in humans. ref Huq, A.H.M. Mahbubul, et al. X linked glycerol kinase ... in the phosphorylation of glycerol to glycerol 3 phosphate which plays a key role in formation ... and it can be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. ref Lola, Rahib, et al. Glycerol kinase deficiency ... GK Gene.jpeg thumb Location of the Glycerol Kinase gene on the X chromosome The second cause is a Deletion .... ref Francke, Uta, et al. Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia, Myopathy, and Glycerol Kinase Deficiency .... Web. 24 March 2011. http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 2883886 ref GKD results when the glycerol kinase ... the glycerol kinase gene is present only on one X chromosome the disorder is not expressed in women ..., Myopathy, and Glycerol Kinase Deficiency Molecular Genetic Evidence for Deletions. American Journal ... 2883886 ref The infantile form is referred to as complex GKD because the defect in the gene for the glycerol ... Adrenal Hypoplasia, Myopathy, and Glycerol Kinase Deficiency Molecular Genetic Evidence for Deletions ... process is the fatty molecule glycerol . This is unfortunately prevented if someone is experiencing Glycerol Kinase Deficiency. When a human s body needs to use stored fat for energy it will release glycerol and other fatty acids into the bloodstream . However, these glycerol molecules must ... the necessary energy within themselves. So before glycerol can enter the pathway of glycolysis ... DHAP . This is where glycerol kinase comes into the picture. The enzyme is used in the first step in turning glycerol into dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP . It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from an ATP to a glycerol molecule forming glycerol 3 phosphate. Then glycerol 3 phosphate, with the assistance ... more details
Glycerol ester of wood rosin , glyceryl abietate , or ester gum is a food additive used as an emulsifier and Stabilizer chemistry stabiliser , to keep oils in suspension chemistry suspension in water. ref http www.inchem.org documents jecfa jecmono v35je05.htm WHO Food Additives Series 35 836. Glycerol ester of wood rosin ref Glycerol ester of wood rosin serves as a natural alternative to brominated vegetable oil, particularly in citrus flavored soft drinks. It has E number E445. It is water soluble and leaves the body through urine . Products with glycerol ester of wood rosin uncited section date October 2010 Soft drink soft drinks Aquarius Blue berry Harcos Laboratories Blood Energy Potion Blood Energy Potion Boca Lupo Energy Drink Brisk Strawberry Melon Cactus Cooler Canada Dry Pineapple Flavor Explosade Isotonic drinks Aldi Eyeliner pencils Citation needed reason could not verify on any manufacturer s site date September 2009 Fanta Fruit Twist and Orange Faygo Moon Mist and Pineapple Orange Fresca Peach Citrus sparkling flavored soda Full Throttle citrus and guava rockstar energy drinks Gatorade ref http www.scribd.com doc 236752 Pepsi Nutrition Facts GatoradeSportsDrinks ref Glaceau vitamin water revive ref http productnutrition.thecoca colacompany.com products glaceau vitaminwater revive ingredients ref Glaceau Vitamin Water Zero ref http productnutrition.thecoca colacompany.com products glaceau vitaminwater zero xxx ingredients ref Hawaiian Punch Brand juices Henry Weinhard s Orange Cream Soda Jolt Energy Drink Blue Bolt, Blue Zero Carb, Orange Burst ref http www.joltenergy.com ref lemonades Country Time, Minute Maid, for example Lucozade Raspberry Morrisons Isotonic Sports Drink Citrus Mountain Dew Typhoon and White Out Multi V lemonade flavored Glaceau Vitamin Water Nos Energy Drink ref http www.beveragesdirect.com NOS Energy Drinks.aspx ref Pepsi Cream Soda Powerade Blue Quiet Storm and Amp Energy Lightning Rockstar Recovery Schweppes Bitter Lemon Snapple Kiwi ... more details
Image Glycerin 3 phosphat Shuttle.svg 380px thumb Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle The glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD from NADH , a by product of glycolysis . Its importance in transporting reducing equivalents is secondary to the malate aspartate shuttle . Reaction In this shuttle, the enzyme called cytoplasmic glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase GPDH converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate 2 to glycerol 3 phosphate 1 by oxidizing one molecule of NADH to NAD sup sup as in the following reaction ref name Biochemistry center Image Dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol 3 phosphate en.svg 400px center Reverse path Glycerol 3 phosphate gets converted back to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by a membrane bound mitochondrial glycerol 3 phosphate oxidase , this time reducing one molecule of enzyme bound flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD to FADH sub 2 sub . FADH sub 2 sub then reduces coenzyme Q ubiquinone to ubiquinol which enters into oxidative phosphorylation . ref name Biochemistry This reaction is irreversible. ref name inPlant cite journal author Shen W, Wei Y, Dauk M, et al. title Involvement of a glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase in modulating the NADH NAD ratio provides evidence of a mitochondrial glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle in Arabidopsis journal Plant Cell volume 18 issue 2 pages 422 41 year 2006 month February pmid 16415206 pmc 1356549 doi 10.1105 tpc.105.039750 ref Function The glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle allows the NADH synthesized in the cytosol by glycolysis to contribute to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in the mitochondria to generate ATP. ref name Biochemistry cite book author Stryer, Lubert Berg, Jeremy Mark Tymoczko, John L. title Biochemistry publisher W. H. Freeman location San Francisco year 2007 pages isbn 0 7167 8724 5 oclc doi url http bcs.whfreeman.com biochem6 default.asp?s &n &i &v &o &ns 0&uid 0&rau 0 ref It has been found in animals, fungi, and plants. ref name inPlant See also Malate aspartate shuttle Mitochondrial ... more details
, 44th ed. Image LogGlycerolVaporPressure.png LogGlycerolVaporPressure.png log sub 10 sub of Glycerol ... border color bc C0C090 chembox header glycerol br by volume 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 chembox ... bc C0C090 bgcolor D0D0D0 align center colspan 3 Vapor liquid Equilibrium of Glycerol water ref name ... DEFAULTSORT Glycerol Data Page Category Chemical data pages ... more details
enzyme Name poly glycerol phosphate alpha glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.52 CAS number 37277 60 4 IUBMB EC number 2 4 1 52 GO code 0047265 image width caption In enzymology , a poly glycerol phosphate alpha glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.52 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP glucose poly glycerol phosphate math rightleftharpoons math UDP O alpha D glucosyl poly glycerol phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP glucose and poly glycerol phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and O alpha D glucosyl poly glycerol phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP glucose poly glycerol phosphate alpha D glucosyltransferase . Other names in common use include UDP glucose poly glycerol phosphate alpha glucosyltransferase , uridine diphosphoglucose poly glycerol phosphate , and alpha glucosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author GLASER L, BURGER MM date 1964 title THE SYNTHESIS OF TEICHOIC ACIDS. 3. GLUCOSYLATION OF POLYGLYCEROPHOSPHATE journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 239 pages 3187&ndash 91 pmid 14245359 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Poli glicerolo fosfato alfa glucosiltransferasi ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol 3 phosphate cytidylyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.39 CAS number 9027 11 6 IUBMB EC number 2 7 7 39 GO code 0047348 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol 3 phosphate cytidylyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.39 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction CTP sn glycerol 3 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math diphosphate CDP glycerol Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are cytidine triphosphate CTP and sn glycerol 3 phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are diphosphate and CDP glycerol . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing nucleotide groups nucleotidyltransferase s . The systematic name of this enzyme class is CTP sn glycerol 3 phosphate cytidylyltransferase . Other names in common use include CDP glycerol pyrophosphorylase , cytidine diphosphoglycerol pyrophosphorylase , cytidine diphosphate glycerol pyrophosphorylase , CTP glycerol 3 phosphate cytidylyltransferase , and Gro PCT . This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 3 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1COZ , PDB link 1N1D , and PDB link 2B7L . References reflist 1 cite journal author Shaw DRD year 1962 title Pyrophosphorolysis and enzymic synthesis of cytidine diphosphate glycerol and cytidine diphosphate ribitol journal Biochem. J. volume 82 pages 297&ndash 312 pmid 13911452 pmc 1243453 Category EC 2.7.7 Category Enzymes of known structure enzyme stub ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol 1 phosphatase EC number 3.1.3.21 CAS number 37228 75 4 IUBMB EC number 3 1 3 21 GO code 0000121 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol 1 phosphatase EC number 3.1.3.21 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol 1 phosphate H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math glycerol phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol 1 phosphate and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are glycerol and phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on phosphoric ester monoester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol 1 phosphate phosphohydrolase . Other names in common use include alpha glycerophosphatase , alpha glycerol phosphatase , glycerol 3 phosphatase , glycerol 3 phosphate phosphatase , and glycerol 3 phosphate phosphohydrolase . This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Sussman I and Avron M date 1981 title Characterization and partial purification of DL glycerol 1 phosphatase from Dunaliella salina journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta volume 661 pages 199&ndash 204 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.1.3 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name alkylglycerol kinase EC number 2.7.1.93 CAS number 55354 37 5 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 93 GO code 0047649 image width caption In enzymology , an alkylglycerol kinase EC number 2.7.1.93 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP 1 O alkyl sn glycerol math rightleftharpoons math ADP 1 O alkyl sn glycerol 3 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and 1 O alkyl sn glycerol , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and 1 O alkyl sn glycerol 3 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP 1 O alkyl sn glycerol 3 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include 1 alkylglycerol kinase phosphorylating , ATP alkylglycerol phosphotransferase , alkylglycerol phosphotransferase , and ATP 1 alkyl sn glycerol phosphotransferase . This enzyme participates in ether lipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Rock CO, Snyder F date 1974 title Biosynthesis of 1 alkyl sn glycero 3 phosphate via adenosine triphosphate 1 alkyl sn glycerol phosphotransferase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 249 pages 5382&ndash 7 pmid 4369816 issue 17 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name CDP diacylglycerol glycerol 3 phosphate 3 phosphatidyltransferase EC number 2.7.8.5 CAS number 9068 49 9 IUBMB EC number 2 7 8 5 GO code 0008444 image width caption In enzymology , a CDP diacylglycerol glycerol 3 phosphate 3 phosphatidyltransferase EC number 2.7.8.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP diacylglycerol sn glycerol 3 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math CMP 3 3 sn phosphatidyl sn glycerol 1 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are CDP diacylglycerol and sn glycerol 3 phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are cytidine monophosphate CMP and 3 3 sn phosphatidyl sn glycerol 1 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring non standard substituted phosphate groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is CDP diacylglycerol sn glycerol 3 phosphate 3 phosphatidyltransferase . Other names in common use include glycerophosphate phosphatidyltransferase , 3 phosphatidyl 1 glycerol 3 phosphate synthase , CDPdiacylglycerol glycerol 3 phosphate phosphatidyltransferase , cytidine 5 diphospho 1,2 diacyl sn glycerol , CDPdiglyceride sn glycerol 3 phosphate phosphatidyltransferase , phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase , phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase , PGP synthase , CDPdiacylglycerol sn glycerol 3 phosphate 3 phosphatidyltransferase , CDPdiacylglycerol sn glycero 3 phosphate phosphatidyltransferase , glycerol phosphate phosphatidyltransferase , glycerol 3 phosphate phosphatidyltransferase , phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthase , phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthetase , phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase , and sn glycerol 3 phosphate phosphatidyltransferase . This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism ... incorporation of 14C Glycerol 3 phosphate into phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate ... chromatography on cytidine 5 diphospho 1,2 diacyl sn glycerol sepharose journal Biochemistry. volume ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol 1,2 cyclic phosphate 2 phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.42 CAS number 69458 89 5 IUBMB EC number 3 1 4 42 GO code 0047393 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol 1,2 cyclic phosphate 2 phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.42 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol 1,2 cyclic phosphate H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math glycerol 1 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol 1,2 cyclic phosphate and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its product chemistry product is glycerol 1 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on phosphoric ester diester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is rac glycerol 1,2 cyclic phosphate 2 glycerophosphohydrolase . This enzyme is also called rac glycerol 1 2 cyclic phosphate 2 phosphodiesterase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Clarke N, Dawson RM date 1978 title rac Glycerol 1 2 cyclic phosphate 2 phosphodiesterase, a new soluble phosphodiesterase of mammalian tissues journal Biochem. J. volume 173 pages 579&ndash 89 pmid 212014 issue 2 pmc 1185812 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.1.4 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name 1 alkyl 2 acetylglycerol O acyltransferase EC number 2.3.1.125 CAS number 114704 90 4 IUBMB EC number 2 3 1 125 GO code 0047167 image width caption In enzymology , a 1 alkyl 2 acetylglycerol O acyltransferase EC number 2.3.1.125 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction acyl CoA 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl sn glycerol math rightleftharpoons math CoA 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl 3 acyl sn glycerol Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are acyl CoA and 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl sn glycerol , whereas its two product chemistry products are coenzyme A CoA and 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl 3 acyl sn glycerol . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those acyltransferase s transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl CoA 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl sn glycerol O acyltransferase . This enzyme is also called 1 hexadecyl 2 acetylglycerol acyltransferase . This enzyme participates in ether lipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kawasaki T, Snyder F date 1988 title Synthesis of a novel acetylated neutral lipid related to platelet activating factor by acyl CoA 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl sn glycerol acyltransferase in HL 60 cells journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 263 pages 2593&ndash 6 pmid 3422635 issue 6 transferase stub Category EC 2.3.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it 1 alchil 2 acetilglicerolo O aciltransferasi ... more details
enzyme Name acetylalkylglycerol acetylhydrolase EC number 3.1.1.71 CAS number IUBMB EC number 3 1 1 71 GO code 0047378 image width caption In enzymology , an acetylalkylglycerol acetylhydrolase EC number 3.1.1.71 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 acetyl 1 alkyl sn glycerol H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math 1 alkyl sn glycerol acetate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 2 acetyl 1 alkyl sn glycerol and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are 1 alkyl sn glycerol and acetate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2 acetyl 1 alkyl sn glycerol acetylhydrolase . This enzyme is also called alkylacetylglycerol acetylhydrolase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Blank ML, Smith ZL, Cress EA, Snyder F date 1990 title Characterization of the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetate from alkylacetylglycerols in the de novo pathway of PAF biosynthesis journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 1042 pages 153&ndash 8 pmid 2302414 issue 2 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.1.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
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