Unreferenced date June 2007 for the controversial sixth game Stanley Cup Finals goal 1999 Stanley Cup Finals No goal is a call made by referee s in various Goal sport goal scoring sports football soccer football , hockey , etc. to indicate that a goal has not been scored. It is commonly used to disallow an apparent goal, such as when the ball or puck has entered the net but should not count as a score due to some foul or infraction. Because the decision often depends on a subjective assessment by the referee, and especially if the score might be critical, such calls can be hotly contested. For fans of one of the teams involved, it may thus refer to a goal that was actually disallowed, or one that in their opinion should have been disallowed, but was not. Category Sports terminology sport stub ... more details
other uses A goal or objective is a desired result an animal , person or a system envisions, plans and commits ... object , that has Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value . Goal setting main Goal setting Goal setting .... ref Live Scores http goalspedia.com Goals Arena ref Work on the goal setting theory suggests ... financial or career based goals. Goal setting comprises a major component of personal development. A goal can be long term or short term. Short term goals Short term goals expect accomplishment ... term goal need not relate to any specific length of time. In other words, one may achieve or fail to achieve a short term goal in a day, week, month, year, etc. The time frame for a short term goal relates to its context in the overall time line that it is being applied to. For instance, one could measure a short term goal for a month long project in days whereas one might measure a short term goal for someone s lifetime in months or in years. Planner s usually define short term goals in relation to a long term goal or goals. Personal goals Individuals can set personal goals. A student may set a goal of a high mark in an exam. An athlete might run five miles a day. A traveler might ... subconsciously prioritizes that goal. Goal setting and planning goal work promotes long term ..., and helps to organize resources. Efficient goal work includes recognizing and resolving all guilt ... to achieve a personal goal also affects that achievement. Long term achievements rely ... difference in the long term. Goal management in organizations Organizationally, goal management consists ... possible cost . Goal management includes Assessment and dissolution of non rational blocks to success ... project management milestones and main goal targets Morten Lind and J.Rasmussen distinguish three ... 2007 Production goal Safety goal Economy goal An organizational goal management solution ensures ... organization. Goal management provides organizations with a mechanism to effectively communicate ... more details
Goal of the Month may refer to Goal of the Month England , as decided by the BBC s Match of the Day programme Goal of the Month Germany , as decided by ARD s Sportschau programme See also Goal of the Century , a goal by Maradona at the 1986 World Cup Goal of the Season , as decided by the BBC s Match of the Day programme Goal of the Season Ireland , as decided by RT Sport Goal of the Year disambiguation disambig ... more details
Wiktionarypar goal A goal is an objective, or a projected computation of affairs, that a person or a system plans or intends to achieve. Goal , GOAL or G.O.A.L may also refer to Sport Goal sport , a method of scoring in many sports, or the physical structure or area of the playing surface where scoring occurs Field goal , a general term used in some sports to refer a secondary type of scoring method Association football pitch Goals Goal Association football Goal ice hockey Multimedia Goal mac Morn or Goll mac Morna, a character in Irish mythology Goal film Goal film , a 2005 film directed by Danny Cannon , and its sequels Goal 2 Living the Dream... Goal 3 Taking on the World Goal 2007 Malayalam film Goal 2007 film , a Malayalam sports film Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal , a 2007 Bollywood film based on football in the Asian community in England. Goal video game Goal video game , a 1988 game for the Nintendo Entertainment System The Goal , a management oriented novel by Eliyahu M. Goldratt Goal.com , a website for international football soccer news Goal novel Goal novel a novel aimed at children by author Michael Hardcastle Dino Dini s Goal , a 1993 game for Amiga, Atari ST and PC Goal FIFA Goal film FIFA 1966 , the Official FIFA Film of the World Cup 1966 Other uses Global Overseas Adoptees Link , an South Korean agency that aids Korean adoptees who grew up in other countries in adjusting back to their birth country GOAL agent programming language , a high level programming language for programming rational agents Gun Owners Action League , the official firearms association of Massachusetts Game Oriented Assembly Lisp , a game programming language See also Gaol , the Gaelic Irish derived word for jail or remand prison Gol disambiguation disambig bg de Goal es Goal fr Goal ko nl Goal simple Goal sv Goal tr Gol anlam ayr m uk ... more details
Goal of the Year can refer to Goal of the Year Australia Australian Football League Australian rules football , first awarded in 1970 Goal of the Year Germany Bundesliga football , selected by ARD German TV, first awarded in 1971 MLS Goal of the Year Award Major League Soccer, first awarded in 1996 See also Goal of the Century Goal of the Season Mark of the Year FIFA Pusk s Award Disambig ... more details
A field goal is a general term used in some sports wherein a Goal sport goal may be scored either during general play from the field or via some sort of free shot. In American football, some rugby games and some basketball shots of certain distance, a field goal is worth three points or one point. The term may refer to Field goal American and Canadian football , a kick used to score points in American and Canadian football Field goal rugby , a kick used to score points in rugby league football and rugby union football Field goal basketball , a shot used to score points in basketball disambig Category Terminology used in multiple sports de Field Goal Begriffskl rung es Gol de campo ja ... more details
In many outdoor ball sports, goal line refers to the line which a team is attempting to advance the ball or puck towards. In particular, see Association football pitch for usage of the term and the associated term byline in soccer ESPN Goal Line , television show that gives live looks at multiple college football games Goal line American football for usage in American and Canadian football Goal line ice hockey for usage in ice hockey. Rugby league playing field Goal line , for usage in rugby league football, also called try line dab ... more details
Goal programming is a branch of multiobjective optimization , which in turn is a branch of multi criteria ... multiple, normally conflicting objective measures. Each of these measures is given a goal or target ... function. This can be a vector or a weighted sum dependent on the goal programming ... satisficing philosophy is assumed. History Goal programming was first used by Charnes, Cooper and Ferguson ... applications of linear programming, Wiley, New York ref Seminal works by Lee, ref SM Lee 1972 Goal ... Goal programming and extensions, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA. ref Ignizio and Cavalier, ref JP Ignizio ... Handbook of critical issues in goal programming, Pergamon Press, Oxford. ref followed. Schniederjans gives in a bibliography of a large number of pre 1995 articles relating to goal programming, ref MJ Scniederjans 1995 Goal programming methodology and applications, Kluwer publishers, Boston. ref and Jones ... Tamiz 2002 Goal programming in the period 1990 2000, in Multiple Criteria Optimization State of the art ... textbook by Jones and Tamiz . ref name JT Jones DF, Tamiz M 2010 Practical Goal Programming, Springer Books. ref gives a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in goal programming. The first engineering application of goal programming, due to Ignizio in 1962, was the design and placement of the antennas ... capsule that landed the first men on the moon. Variants The initial goal programming formulations ... levels. This is known as lexicographic or pre emptive goal programming. Ignizio ref name IG gives an algorithm showing how a lexicographic goal programme can be solved as a series of linear programmes. Lexicographic goal programming should be used when there exists a clear priority ordering amongst ... then Weighted or non pre emptive goal programming should be used. In this case all the unwanted ... choices for normalisation constants are the goal target value of the corresponding objective hence ... goal programming should be used. Introduced by Flavell in 1976, ref RB Flavell 1976 A new goal programming ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A goal kick , called a goalie kick in some regions, is a method of restarting play in a game of association football . Award A goal kick is awarded to the defending team when the ball goes out of the football soccer field field of play by crossing the goal line either on the ground or in the air when the last person to touch the ball was from the attacking team. Procedure The ball is initially placed anywhere within the defending goal area. All opposing players must be outside the penalty area football penalty area until the ball is in play. The ball must be kicked a Goalkeeper association football goalkeeper may not pick up the ball . The ball becomes in play as soon as it leaves the penalty area. A goal may be scored directly from a goal kick, but only against the opposing team. An own goal may not be scored from a goal kick should the ball happen to land directly into the own goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team. A player may not be penalized for being in an offside law football offside position direct from a goal kick. Usually, goalkeepers take their respective team s goal kicks, but sometimes outfield players will take it if their kick is better. The ball must leave the penalty area before another player can make contact with the ball. In the past, many Goalkeepers did not take goal kicks even at International level, but this is now unheard of. Infringements Opposing players must retire the required distance as stated above. Failure to do so may constitute misconduct and be punished by a Penalty card Yellow card caution yellow card . Furthermore, if an opposing player enters the penalty area before the ball is in play, the goal ... area , the goal kick is retaken. However, it is an offence for the kicker to touch the ball a second ... Goal Kick Association football laws Category Laws of association football be x old ... simple Goal kick tr Kale vuru u uk vi Qu ph t b ng b ng zh ... more details
A Super Goal is an innovation used in the Australian Football League s NAB Cup pre season competition in the sport of Australian rules football . The Super Goal was introduced before the 2003 Australian Football League pre season competition Wizard Cup , and is awarded nine points instead of the regulation six. For a goal on the run to be considered a Super Goal, the grounded foot of the player must be outside the 50 metre arc . If the goal is kicked from a set shot , the mark Australian football mark must be outside the 50 metre arc. If a 50 metre penalty fifty metre penalty takes the spot of the mark from outside the fifty metre line to inside it, teams are given the choice to either take the full ... a team which is seven points behind from scoring a nine point goal at the end of a close game. In the same ... imposed and a nine point goal was awarded regardless of how close to goal the kick was taken from. The Super Goal is also used in EJ Whitten Legends Game s between Victoria and the All Stars ... competitions, a video umpire has been in place to determine if the score was a super goal or not in the event ... made during the game, though a Super Goal awarded to Brisbane Lions Football Australian rules positions ... was amended after the siren to a regular goal. Though this did not affect the result of the game, it caused ... occasionally resulting in the incorrect score being awarded. The umpire signal for the 9 Point goal is for the Field umpire to give the All Clear and raise 9 fingers to the goal umpire. The goal umpire ... Goal is the sponsor NAB paying 1000 to the club a player first joined as a junior for every Super Goal he scores in the NAB Cup. However, the Brisbane Lions rookie Colm Begley , who kicked a Super Goal in the 2007 semi final, joined the Lions as an international rookie, having played Gaelic football ... also Three point field goal , similar concept used in basketball NFL Europa NFL Europe , an American football league, had a similar concept in which field goal football field goals longer than 50 yards ... more details
Refimprove date October 2010 The golden goal is a method used in association football , field hockey ... the end of regulation time. It is a type of sudden death sport sudden death . Golden goal rules allow the team that scores the first goal during extra time to be declared the winner. The game finishes when a golden goal is scored. Introduced formally in 1992, though with some history before that, the rule was abandoned from the majority of FIFA authorized games in 2004. The similar silver goal supplemented the golden goal between 2002 and 2004. The golden goal is still used at the FIFA Beach ... is used in National Rugby League games. A similar golden goal rule is also used in all National ... , however the term golden goal is not used. A golden goal rule is also present in the National ... use of the golden goal rule was during the final of the Cromwell Cup , the world s second ever football competition, at Bramall Lane , Sheffield in 1868, although the term golden goal was not used. The deciding goal was scored by the then newly formed team called Sheffield Wednesday F.C. The Wednesday ... a.drake sheff club garrick.htm accessdate 2008 01 25 ref The golden goal was introduced ... of football. The Golden Goal s public origins can be traced to a letter published in the The Times ... the golden goal rule in 1993. It was hoped that the golden goal would produce more attacking play ... a draw, two fifteen minute halves of extra time are played. If any team scores a goal during extra time, that team becomes the winner and the game ends at once. The winning goal is known as the golden goal. If there are no goals after both periods of extra time, a penalty shootout football penalty ... of elimination matches. During these matches, golden goal extra time of 7 minutes per half is played ... stroke competition decides the game. Ice hockey main Overtime ice hockey The golden goal rule comes ... is tied. Five minutes of four on four sudden death overtime are played, with the first goal winning ... more details
other uses Goal disambiguation File Golo do Benfica.jpg thumb 200px Sport Lisboa e Benfica Benfica players celebrating a goal. Goal refers to a method of scoring in many sports. It can also refer to the physical structure or area of the playing surface where scoring occurs. In several sports, a goal ... by each team. In other sports, a goal may be one of several scoring methods, and thus may be worth a different set number of points than the others. A few of these sports use the term field goal to distinguish one scoring method from another. The structure of a goal can vary widely from sport to sport. In sports where goals are the sole method of scoring, the goal is often a rectangular structure ... posts, called the goal posts , supporting a horizontal crossbar. A line called the goal line is also marked on the playing surface where each goal is located, parallel to the crossbars. Thus, the objective is to send the ball or puck between the goal posts, under the crossbar, and across the goal line. There is often a net to catch the ball or puck as it is sent into the goal. Other sports have very different structures, but have a variation on the theme of goal lines, goal posts, crossbars, and nets. Methods of scoring In some sports, the goal is the sole method of scoring. In these sports ... that accumulated more over the specified time period. In other sports, a goal is the primary, but not the sole method of scoring. In these sports, the goal is worth a set number of points, and there is another ..., Brisbane won the game. Other sports use a Field Goal field goal as one of several methods of scoring. The field goal can be a primary or secondary score and is used when there are several possible ... for a goal, or over the crossbar between the posts for a point. The vertical supports are usually called goal posts and the horizontal top is usually called the crossbar . A goal in these games ... behind the goal line. In Australian rules football Australian Rules Football , there is no crossbar ... more details
Infobox film name Goal trilogy image GoalPoster.jpg image size caption Goal film poster director small Goal film Goal br Danny Cannon br small Goal 2 Living the Dream br Jaume Collet Serra br small Goal 3 Taking on the World br Andrew Morahan producer Mike Jefferies & br Matt Barrelle br small Goal br Goal 2 Living the Dream br Goal 3 Taking on the World br Mark Huffam br small Goal br Goal 2 Living the Dream br Danny Stepper & br Peter Heslop br small Goal 3 Taking on the World writer Mike Jefferies & br Adrian Butchart br small Goal br Goal 2 Living the Dream br Goal 3 Taking on the World br Dick Clement & br Ian La Frenais br small Goal br Terry Loane br small Goal 2 Living the Dream br Piers Ashworth br small Goal 3 Taking on the World starring Kuno Becker br Alessandro Nivola br Stephen Dillane br Anna Friel br JJ Feild br Leo Gregory distributor Summit Entertainment released small Goal br start date 2005 09 30 br small Goal 2 Living the Dream br start date 2007 02 09 br small Goal ... 32,475,778 The Goal trilogy is a series of association football football films directed by Danny Cannon , Jaume Collet Serra and Andrew Morahan . The first film, Goal film Goal , was released in 2005, and the second film, Goal 2 Living the Dream , was released in 2007. The third and final part, Goal 3 Taking on the World , was released in 2009. Films Main Goal film Santiago Mu ez , a skilled Association ..., and Newcastle win 3 2 and earning Newcastle a place in next season s UEFA Champions League . Goal 2 Living the Dream 2007 Main Goal 2 Living the Dream The film starts at the beginning of the 2005 ... kick to win the Champions League. Goal 3 Taking on the World 2009 Main Goal 3 Taking on the World In the third installment of the football drama trilogy Goal film Goal , Kuno Becker returns as Mexican ... style text align center width 99 rowspan 2 width 10 Character colspan 3 Film width 7 Goal film Goal width 7 Goal 2 Living the Dream width 7 Goal 3 Taking on the World Santiago Munez colspan 3 Kuno ... more details
Ghost goal or phantom goal is a term used in association football to describe a questionable decision, usually involving incertitude or controversy as to whether a ball crossed the Goal line football goal ... , ultimately decided by a single goal by Luis Javier Garc a Sanz Luis Garc a , awarded by referee ubo Miche , but dubbed a ghost goal and described as a goal that came from the moon by Mourinho ..., and had he not awarded Liverpool the goal, he would have had no other alternative but to award ... would have preferred the goal to count rather than face a penalty with just ten men for the rest of the game. If my assistant referee had not signaled a goal, I would have given a penalty and sent off ... Mike Spann concluded that Miche had made the correct decision by signaling a goal. blockquote The positioning ... It was a goal. ref Harris, Nick. http www.overcast.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk lfc garcia gallas.htm Motion ... the 2005 incident, both ghost goal and phantom goal have been used to describe similar incidents. ref ... 3377928 Did phantom goal ref Stuart Attwell get Watfords Aidy Boothroyd the sack Football.html title Did phantom goal ref Stuart Attwell get Watford s Aidy Boothroyd the sack? Football publisher Telegraph ... to a number of questionable decisions. A goal was awarded to Reading F.C. Reading against Watford ... Ghost goal referee Stuart Attwell is set for promotion to international duty.html title Ghost goal ... Sears put the ball in the net, hitting the stanchion at the back of the goal, but rapidly bounced out. A goal was not awarded. ref Fifield, Dominic. http www.guardian.co.uk football 2009 aug 17 crystal palace replay neil warnock Crystal Palace s ghost goal , The Guardian . 17 August 2009. ref ... which thumped against the right hand stanchion inside the goal from Allen s view before coming back ... not crossed the line. 1966 World Cup Final File Ghost Goal World Cup 1966.jpg 200px thumb right Geoff Hurst s Wembley Goal during the 1966 World Cup final main 1966 FIFA World Cup Final With eleven ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 Goal Orientation is a psychological construct that involves the attitudes and behaviors associated with achievement situations. Goal orientation is a mental framework that describes ... to achievement and failure. Overview Goal orientation has been conceptualized as a dispositional personality characteristic. Organizational researchers first treated goal orientation as a stable individual difference characteristic. Nevertheless, other theoretical explanation suggested that goal ... in experiments. ref name Payneetal2007 Therefore, goal orientation can exist as both a trait and a state, and one s trait goal orientation has a direct effect on his or her state goal orientation. History of Orientations A theory related to goal orientation was proposed by Nicholls in 1975 ... of the goal orientation nomological net. Journal of Applied Psychology , 92 , 128 150. ref Carol Dweck 1986 originally proposed two types of goal orientation learning orientation and performance ... of two separate continuums, one for learning goal orientation and one for performance goal orientation. ref name Eisonetal1986 Eison, J. A., Pollio, H., & Milton, O. 1986 . Educational ... Educational Psychology , 11 , 54 67. ref Today it is recognized that performance goal orientation .... 1997 . Development and validation of a work domain goal orientation instrument. Educational and Psychological Measurement , 57 , 995 1015. ref Learning goal orientation has also been separated into two ... Pintrich, P. R. 2000 . Multiple goals, multiple pathways The role of goal orientation in learning and achievement ... is neither widely accepted nor substantially proven. Types of Goal Orientation Learning Orientation ... of goal orientation. Journal of Applied Psychology , 90 , 1096 1127. ref Persons with learning approach ... be a learning avoid goal orientation as well. However, this hypothesis is relatively ... of failure are more likely to adopt performance avoid goals. ref name Elliot1997 Goal Orientations ... more details
Context date October 2009 In ice hockey and Association Football , a soft goal can also refer to a goal that is the result of a weak effort, or none at all, and should have been a routine save by the goalkeeper and the other defending players. The term soft goal is used in connection with modeling language s and specially with goal oriented modeling. Soft goals are objectives that miss clear cut criteria ref S Cube Knowledge Model http www.s cube network.eu km terms s soft goal Soft Goals ref . Soft goals can represent Non functional requirements Relations between non functional requirements Non functional requirements or quality attributes , qualities , or more colloquially ilities are global qualities of a software system, such as flexibility, maintainability, usability, and so forth. Such requirements are usually stated only informally and they are often controversial i.e. management wants a secure system but staff desires user friendliness . They are also often difficult to validate. Why soft ? Normally a Objective goalgoal is a very strict and clear logical criterion. It is satisfied when all sub goals are satisfied. But in non functional requirements you often need more loosely defined criteria, like satisficeable or unsatisficeable. The term satisficing was first coined by Herbert Simon. Soft goals are goals that do not have a clear cut criterion for their satisfaction they are satisficed when there is sufficient positive and little negative evidence for this claim, while they are unsatisficeable in the opposite case. Relations between soft goals Decompostions AND OR Contributions Helps Hurts Makes Breaks Unknown References references See also http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 293165 Mylopoulos John, Chung Lawrence, Yu Eric From Object Oriented to Goal Oriented Requirements Analysis Category Software engineering terminology ... more details
A financial goal or financial target is an goal objective which is expressed in or based upon money . Examples include debt reduction , sufficient wealth to retirement retire or minimisation of tax . ref citation url http books.google.co.uk books?id YN kFZQaE1EC&pg PA17 title Ernst & Young s personal financial planning guide ref References reflist finance stub Category Financial terminology ... more details
orphan date July 2010 Infobox single Name Beautiful Goal Cover Beatiful Goal Paul Oakenfold .jpg Artist Paul Oakenfold from Album Released June 19, 2006 Format Recorded EARS Disambiguation needed date June 2011 Genre Electronica Length 1 34 Label Writer Producer Certification Chart position Misc Artist Paul Oakenfold Type singles Last single This single Next single Beautiful Goal is a short single by Paul Oakenfold , used in FIFA series FIFA videogame series and encapsulating the passion and pride of the United Kingdom . Released as a separate soundtrack, subsequently it was licensed to Major League Soccer for use in TV ads. ref cite news url http www.usatoday.com tech news 2005 08 08 video game music x.htm title Video game tunes go classical and mainstream author accessdate 2007 08 08 work USA Today first Ryan last Pearson date 2005 08 07 ref 2007 became the third year in a row with the Beautiful Goal being used for the FIFA series. Note reflist Category 2006 singles ... more details
Refimprove date June 2010 Essay date June 2010 needISBNs Goal setting involves establishing specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time targeted SMART criteria S.M.A.R.T goal s. Work on the theory of goal setting suggests that it s an effective tool for making progress by ensuring that participants in a group with a common goal are clearly aware of what is expected from them. Citation needed ... commonly with financial or career based goals. Citation needed date May 2009 Goal setting features ... Goldstein, 1994, p. 96 . Vague date December 2009 Goal setting capitalize on the human brain s amazing powers Our brains are problem solving, goal achieving machines. who date November 2011 ... Lawrence Erlbaum Associates isbn 0805812873 year 1994 page 146 ref A goal can become more specific ... year 1492 isbn 080584438485 page 366 ref Choice goals narrow attention and direct efforts to goal relevant activities, and away from perceived undesirable and goal irrelevant actions. Effort goals can lead to more effort for example, if one typically produces 4 widgets an hour, and has the goal of producing 6, one may work more intensely towards the goal than one would otherwise. Persistence Someone becomes more prone to work through setbacks if pursuing a goal. Cognition Goals can lead individuals to develop and change their behavior. Goal setting in business In business, goal setting encourages ... Christina E. year 1995 month April title Effects of Coaction, Expected Evaluation, and Goal Setting ... Useful Theory of Goal Setting and Task Motivation journal The American Psychologist year 2002 ... through which goal setting can affect individual performance Goals focus attention towards goal relevant activities and away from goal irrelevant activities. Goals serve as an energizer higher goals induce ... cope with the situation at hand. Goal performance relationship Locke et al. 1981 examined the behavioral effects of goal setting, concluding that 90 of laboratory and field studies involving ... more details
Merge to Contact date July 2010 Infobox single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name One Goal One More Goal Artist Eiffel 65 Album Contact Released 2000 in music 2000 Format CD single br CD maxi br 12 12 maxi Recorded 2000 Genre Eurodance , Italo dance Length 3 37 Last single My Console Eiffel 65 song My Console br 2000 This single One Goal br 2001 Next single Back In Time Eiffel 65 song Back In Time br 2001 One Goal is a 2000 single written by Italian electronic dance group Eiffel 65 and is the 1st single from their second album Contact . The song peaked at 37 on the French charts and was not released in the USA. Music video No official music video has been released of One Goal . Official versions Radio Edit 3 37 French Edit 5 30 Alex X Cut 5 25 Max Aqualuce Cut 5 15 External links http www.blisscorporation.com http www.eiffel65.it Eiffel 65 Bloom 06 Category 2001 singles ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Refimprove date January 2009 In computing , goal seeking is the ability to calculate backward to obtain an input that would result in a given output. This can also be called what if analysis or back solving . It can either be attempted through trial and improvement or more logical means. Basic goal seeking functionality is built into most modern spreadsheet packages such as Microsoft Excel . According to O Brien and Marakas ref name optanalysis O Brien, J & Marakas, G. 2011 . Supporting Decision Making. In B.Gordon Ed. , Management Information Systems 10e p. 409 . New York McGraw Hill Irwin ref , optimization analysis is a more complex extension of goal seeking analysis. Instead of setting a specific target value for a variable, the goal is to find the optimum value for one or more target variables, given certain constraints. Then one or more other variables are changed repeatedly, subject to the specified constraints, until you discover the best values for the target variables. Examples Suppose a family wanted to take out the biggest loan that they could afford to pay for. If they set aside 500 dollars a month, the goal seeking program would try to work out how big a loan the family could afford to take out. Even using simple trial and improvement, a computer could quickly determine that they could not afford 50,000 loan, but could afford a 48,000 loan. It would then become repeat the process until it had reached a figure such as 48,476.34, which would give them a monthly repayment as close to, but not exceeding, 500, as possible. A more efficient method, especially on more complicated calculations, would be for the program to logically work through the argument. By drawing up a simple equation, the program could come to the conclusion that the output equalled one ninety sixth of the input, and could then multiply the output or goal by ninety six to find the necessary input. See also Global optimization Goal programming References Reflist Category ... more details
A drop goal , also referred to as a dropped goal or field goal , is a method of scoring points in rugby union and rugby league . A drop goal cannot be scored in open play by punt ing the ball, and instead must be scored by drop kick ing the ball over the goal sport crossbar and between the goalpost uprights ... be on the full , before it goes over and through. A drop goal is worth three points in rugby union ... 2007 09 12 page 14 ref If the drop goal attempt is successful, play stops and the non scoring ... In rugby union, the play is officially called a dropped goal ref name union cite web url http www.irb.com ... abbreviated to drop goal . Tactical use of the drop goal Ref improve section date March 2009 At three points in union, the drop goal is relatively valuable and therefore it is not unusual to see ... for a drop goal. Teams which are in the lead often use the drop goal to maintain a margin over ... and not giving away penalties, they attempt a drop goal. Sometimes a team defending their try ... the attacking team s fullback will sometimes try a long range drop goal from ... well known for this during his time at Munster Rugby Munster . A team often tries a drop goal ... is also exploited by teams to score a drop goal. In such a scenario, the referee signals penalty advantage ... goal. If the attackers aren t in a good position to score a try, they may attempt the drop goal ... Springboks have been notable for use of the drop goal, while others such as the New Zealand All ... margin in the 1995 Rugby World Cup Final 1995 World Cup came from a Joel Stransky drop goal in extra ..., the normally left footed Wilkinson kicked the winning goal with his right foot. Australia were eliminated from the 1995 Rugby World Cup by a Rob Andrew drop goal for England. Australia s Stephen Larkham kicked a forty eight metre match winning drop goal in extra time in the 1999 World Cup semi finals against South Africa. Jeremy Guscott Jerry Guscott dropped a match and series winning goal in the second ... more details
Refimprove date February 2011 In sport s such as ice hockey and association football , goal difference that is, goal sport goals scored minus goals conceded is often the first tiebreaker used to rank teams ... points scored minus total points conceded . Goal average is a different scheme that predated goal difference. Using the goal average scheme the number of goals scored is divided by the number of goals conceded. Goal difference replaced goal average in the 1970 FIFA World Cup 1970 World Cup finals ... other league predates this, please add replace Goal average is also used as the tiebreaker in Australian ... by points scored against multiplied by 100. If a team s points and goal difference are equal, then often ... 0 0 draw meant Wednesday won promotion by a goal average difference of just 0.008 a 1 1 draw would have left the two great rivals level on points and goal average, and a unique play off ... on goal average, with Red Star Belgrade winning the title ahead of GNK Dinamo Zagreb Dinamo Zagreb with a 0.013 better goal average. Three rounds before the end of the championship, Dinamo had ... against gave a goal average of 2.381, while Dinamo s 45 to 19 gave 2.368. ref cite news url http ... 1953 The 1952 53 Football League championship was decided on goal average, with Arsenal F.C. Arsenal ... leveled on points and goal average. Both teams had 25 points, with Budu nost s 30 goals for and 36 against giving a goal average of 0.833, the same as RNK Split s 35 goals for and 42 against ... won the List of Scottish football champions League Championship on goal average by 0.042 of a goal ... Jack Robson on the day Hearts lost the league on goal average The Scotsman , 26 April 1965 ... and decisive goal in the match was scored by Michael Thomas footballer born 1967 Michael Thomas ... and Liverpool finished equal on points and goal difference, but Arsenal were ahead by 73 to 65 on goals ... than Port Vale F.C. Port Vale their goal difference was five goals better. The experiment was abandoned ... more details
A Goal Model is an element of Requirements Engineering that may also be used more widely in Business ... in social context a goal and scenario modelling approach , 2003 Elsevier Ltd. http www.cs.toronto.edu liu publications ISj03.pdf ref Goal modeling is especially useful in the early phases of a project ... for Early Phase Requirements Engineering , 1997 IEEE ref A goal model Expresses the relationships ... long established practices . ref name cs.toronto.edu E. Yu and J. Mylopoulos, Why Goal Oriented Requirements ... into small, realizable goals Deals with conflicts goal modeling can identify and help to resolve tradeoffs between cost, performance, flexibility, security and other goals. Goal modeling can also reveal divergent interests between stakeholders. Goal modeling can identify conflicts because meeting one goal can interfere with meeting other goals. ref name cs.toronto.edu Enables requirement ... in the goal model. Connects requirements to design for example, the i Non Functional Requirements NFR framework uses goals to guide the design process. Notations There are several notations for goal models in software development, including i pronounced eye star and a variant, Goal oriented Requirements ... Unified Modeling Language UML Use Case diagram ref Fowler, 2004. Pages 99 105 ref Goal modeling in i main i The i goal modeling notation provides two kinds of diagram ref name i cite web url http www.cs.toronto.edu km istar title i publisher University of Toronto work i an agent and goal oriented ... that goal owns. Goals may be accompanied by Obstacles negative goals to be surmounted. Non functional goals can be modeled as soft goals in i they are diagrammed as clouds or indented ovals. Goal modeling in KAOS main KAOS software development The KAOS goal modeling notation provides a way of defining ... Goal modeling in UML main Use case diagram UML s Use case diagram provides a simple goal modeling notation ... case diagram forms a simple functions only goal model as Cockburn writes, use cases cover only the behavioral ... more details
An own goal occurs in goal scoring games when a player scores a goal that is registered against his or her ... own goal thefreedictionary.com ref Association football In association football soccer , an own goal occurs when a player causes the ball to go into his or her own team s Goal sport goal , resulting in a goal being scored for the opposition. The fact that the defending player touches the ball last does not automatically mean that the goal is recorded as an own goal. Only if the ball would not have gone in the net but for the defending player would an own goal be credited. Thus a shot which is already on target would not be an own goal even if deflected by the defender. Then the attacker is awarded the goal, even if the shot would have otherwise been easily saved by the Goalkeeper ... caused the own goal, similar to ice hockey. An own goal cannot be scored directly i.e. without ..., for example, directly from a corner kick . The defending player who scored the own goal is personally credited with the goal as part of the statistical abstract of the game. Other sports Unreferenced ... error. Ice hockey If a goal hockey goal is scored by a player on the defending team, credit for the goal ... that the player credited with the goal had his her shot deflected. Occasionally, it is also credited to the closest player to the goal from the other team if he is determined to have caused ... of the New York Islanders as the first goalie receiving credit with a National Hockey League NHL goal ... of an own goal , the goal is credited to an offensive player. In National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA basketball, the rules state When a player scores a field goal in the opponent s basket ... it was released. Such a field goal shall not be credited to a player in the scorebook but shall be indicated with a footnote. In National Basketball Association NBA rules, the goal is credited to the player ... football single , or rouge. A true own goal, in which the team place kicks or drop kicks the ball ... more details
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