Infobox scientist name John Graunt image image size caption birth date 24 April 1620 birth place London ... abbrev zoo influences influenced prizes religion footnotes signature John Graunt 24 April 1620 18 ... , the eldest of seven or eight children of Henry and Mary Graunt. His father was a draper who had moved to London from Hampshire. In February 1641, Graunt married Mary Scott, with whom he had one son Henry and three daughters. Graunt, along with William Petty , developed early human statistical ... the first life table , giving probabilities of survival to each age. Graunt is also considered ... was never truly created, Graunt s work in studying the rolls resulted in the first statistically based estimation of the population of London . The erudition of the Observations led Graunt to the Royal ... of the Royal Society wanted nothing to do with Graunt, uncomfortable with the idea of a haberdasher being elected. Fortunately for Graunt, Charles II, who was King Of England at the time, ignored their objections and brought Graunt into the society. Upon entering into the Royal Society , Citation needed date July 2010 Graunt decided to convert to Catholicism at a time when Catholics and Protestants ... support, Graunt lived the rest of his life in poverty , dying of jaundice and liver disease at the age of 53. Tribute to Graunt s pioneering work was paid by Sir Liam Donaldson on the tenth anniversary ... of the Public Health Observatories accessdate 13 March 2012 ref Image Graunt Observations.jpg thumb 200px Title page of Graunt s Observations on the Bills of Mortality 1662 . References reflist External links http www.edstephan.org Graunt graunt.html John Graunt 1620 1674 , Text of the Observations and other Graunt materials are available on Western Washington University . Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Graunt, John ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 24 April 1620 PLACE OF BIRTH London DATE OF DEATH 18 April 1674 PLACE OF DEATH London DEFAULTSORT Graunt ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Year nav topic 1662 science The year 1662 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany February 16 John Evelyn presents the basic text of his Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest Trees and the Propagation of Timber to the Royal Society College for the Promoting of Physico Mathematical Experimental Learning , probably the earliest treatise on forestry it is published in book form in 1664 . Physics Robert Boyle publishes Boyle s law , in the second edition of his New Experiments Physico Mechanicall, Touching The Spring of the Air, and its Effects Oxford . Statistics John Graunt , in one of the earliest uses of statistics , publishes information about births and deaths in London . Events July 15 The Royal Society receives its royal charter . Births December 13 Francesco Bianchini , Italian people Italian astronomer d. 1729 in science 1729 Deaths April 22 John Tradescant the Younger , English people English botanist b. 1608 in science 1608 August 19 Blaise Pascal , French people French mathematician and physicist b. 1623 in science 1623 Category 1662 in science fr 1662 en science hu 1662 a tudom nyban mk 1662 pt 1662 na ci ncia ... more details
Moral statistics most narrowly refers to numerical data generally considered to be indicative of social pathology in groups of people. Examples include statistics on crime statistics crimes against persons and property , illiteracy, suicide , illegitimacy, abortion, divorce, prostitution, and the economic situation sometimes called pauperism in the 19th century. The gathering of anything that might be called social statistics is often dated from John Graunt s 1662 ref Graunt, J. 1662 Natural and Political Observations on the Bills of Mortality. , London John Martyn and James Allestry. ref analysis of the London Bills of Mortality , which tabulated birth and death data collected by London parishes. The beginnings of the systematic collection of population statistics now called demography occurred in the mid 18th century, often attributed to Johann Peter S ssmilch in 1741 . Data on moral variables began to be collected and disseminated by various state agencies most notably in France and Britain in the early 19th century, and were widely used in debates about social reform. The first major work on this topic was the Essay on moral statistics of France by Andr Michel Guerry in 1833 . ref Guerry, A. M. 1833 Essai sur la statistique morale de la France . Crochard, Paris. ref In this book, Guerry presented thematic map s of the departments of France, shaded according to illiteracy, crimes against persons and against property, illegitimacy, donations to the poor and so forth, and used these to ask questions about how such moral variables were related. In Britain this theme was taken up beginning in 1847 by s Fletcher, Joseph 1813 1852 DNB00 Joseph Fletcher who published several articles on the topic Moral and educational statistics of England and Wales. ref Fletcher, J. 1847 . Moral and educational statistics of England and Wales. Journal of the Statistical Society of London , 10, 193 221. jstor 2338048 ref ref Fletcher, J. 1849 . Moral and educational statistics of Engla ... more details
, cum Appendice de Schismate Paris, 1652 English translation by W. G. William Graunt , Paris, 1658 . This work ... a facultate theologica Duacena damnatis, sententiam suam dicit Paris, 1661 A Letter to Mr. Graunt concerning ... more details
Use dmy dates date October 2010 Refimprove date October 2008 A timeline of probability and statistics Before 1600 9th Century Al Kindi was the first to use statistics to decipher encrypted messages and developed the first code breaking algorithm in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, based on frequency analysis. He wrote a book entitled Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages , containing detailed discussions on statistics ref cite book last Singh first Simon title The code book the science of secrecy from ancient Egypt to quantum cryptography year 2000 publisher Anchor Books location New York isbn 0385495323 edition 1st Anchor Books ed. ref 1560s published 1663 Cardano s Liber de ludo aleae attempts to calculate probabilities of dice throws 1577 Bartolom de Medina defends Catholic probabilism probabilism , the view that in ethics one may follow a probable opinion even if the opposite is more probable 17th century 1654 Blaise Pascal Pascal and Pierre de Fermat Fermat create the mathematical theory of probability , 1657 Christiaan Huygens Huygens s De ratiociniis in ludo aleae is the first book on mathematical probability, 1662 John Graunt Graunt s Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality makes inferences from statistical data on deaths in London, 1693 Edmund Halley Halley prepares the first mortality table s statistically relating death rate to age, 18th century 1710 John Arbuthnot Arbuthnot argues that the constancy of the ratio of male to female births is a sign of divine providence, 1713 Posthumous publication of Jacob Bernoulli s Ars Conjectandi , containing the first derivation of a law of large numbers , 1724 Abraham de Moivre studies mortality statistics and the foundation of the theory of annuitie s in Annuities on Lives , 1733 Abraham de Moivre introduces the normal distribution to approximate the binomial distribution in probability, 1739 David Hume Hume s Treatise of Human Nature argues that inductive reasoning is unjustif ... more details
Sciences 1650 1900 1997 , p. xxii ref , came a generation after John Graunt and William Petty ... in a volume edited by Peter Laslett . The Earliest classics facsimile reprints of John Graunt ... more details
Please only add NOTABLE mathematicians, not yourself or your schoolmates This is a list of amateur mathematicians people whose primary vocation did not involve mathematics or any similar discipline yet made notable, and sometimes important, contributions to the field of mathematics. In general, they are not listed in the Mathematics Genealogy Project . col begin col break width 50 Agnesi, Maria Gaetana Maria Gaetana Agnesi primary school teacher Ahmes scribe Robert Ammann programmer and postal worker John Arbuthnot surgeon and author Jean Robert Argand bookkeeper Leon Bankoff Beverly Hills Dentist Thomas Bayes Rev. Thomas Bayes Presbyterian minister Andrew Beal businessman Friedrich Bessel accountant Bernard Fr nicle de Bessy Counsellor, Cour des monnaies Chester Ittner Bliss biologist Napol on Bonaparte general George Boole primary school teacher Mary Everest Boole homemaker, librarian William Bourne mathematician William Bourne innkeeper Nathaniel Bowditch indentured bookkeeper Achille Brocot clockmaker Harlan J. Brothers teacher, inventor, and musician Jost B rgi clockmaker Marvin Ray Burns veteran Gerolamo Cardano medical doctor D. G. Champernowne , college student Thomas Clausen mathematician Thomas Clausen technical assistant Sir James Cockle lawyer James Cockle judge Federico Commandino medical doctor William Crabtree merchant Nathan Daboll cooper Felix Delastelle bonded warehouseman Martin Demaine goldsmith and glass artist Humphry Ditton minister Harvey Dubner engineer Henry Dudeney civil servant M. C. Escher graphic artist Sarah Flannery high school student Reo Fortune anthropologist John G.F. Francis research assistant Benjamin Franklin founding father Bernard Fr nicle de Bessy counsellor Gemma Frisius medical doctor Britney Gallivan high school student Pierre de Fermat lawyer See discussion James Garfield United States President Thorold Gosset lawyer J rgen Pedersen Gram actuary Hermann Grassmann school teacher John Graunt haberdasher George Green miller ... more details
class infobox width 350 align center Image Flag of England.svg 30px 1662 in England Image Flag of England.svg 30px style background color f3f3f3 align center small Other years small align center 1660 in England 1660 1661 in England 1661 1662 1663 in England 1663 1664 in England 1664 Events from the year 1662 in the Kingdom of England . Incumbents Monarch Charles II of England King Charles II Events 17 March Two old women are hanged after being found guilty of witchcraft at Bury St. Edmunds witch trial The 1662 Bury St. Edmunds witch trial the Bury St. Edmunds witch trial . 2 May 3 May Catherine of Braganza marries Charles II of England . As part of the dowry, Portugal cedes Bombay and Tangier to England . 9 May Samuel Pepys witnesses a Punch and Judy show in London the first on record. 16 May Hearth Taxation Hearth Tax is introduced in England, Wales and Scotland. 15 July The Royal Society receives its royal charter . 24 August The Act of Uniformity 1662 Act of Uniformity is introduced, ref cite book title The Every Day Book of History and Chronology publisher D. Appleton & co first Joel last Munsell year 1858 ref followed by the Act of Uniformity 1662 Great Ejection Great Ejection of over 2000 clergy who refuse to take the required oath of conformity to the established church . 27 October Charles II sells Dunkirk, France Dunkirk to France for 400 000 2.5 million French livre livre s . ref cite web year 2006 url http www.a2a.org.uk search records.asp?cat 161 msscarte 15&cid 2 3 title Correspondence and papers of the first Duke of Ormonde, chiefly on Irish and English public affairs ref. MS. Carte 218, fol s . 5 date 26 December 1662 format Description of contents of carte papers location Oxford publisher Bodleian Library , Special Collections and Western Manuscripts accessdate 2007 10 17 ref Undated John Graunt , in one of the earliest uses of statistics , publishes information about births and deaths in London. The second edition of Robert Boyle s New Experiments P ... more details
Infobox Website name Thought Leader favicon logo screenshot caption url http www.thoughtleader.co.za commercial No type Portal registration 2007 owner Mail & Guardian author Mail & Guardian launch date current status Active revenue Thought Leader is a collaborative news and opinion platform, owned by the South African newspaper http www.mg.co.za Mail & Guardian . It was http matthewbuckland.com ?p 449 founded by former GM of the operation http www.matthewbuckland.com Matthew Buckland in 2006. It was nominated a Webby Award honoree in 2008, won http www.sablogawards.com 2008 blog of the year in 2008, and has scored a few firsts, including sending the first South African blogger, Ndumiso Ngcobo, to cover a major political event the ANC election Polokwane conference in 2008. Mail & Guardian . List of contributors Richard Calland and Lawson Naidoo contributing on the Africa Cup of Nations Alan Hammond Albert Bredenhann Alex Matthews Alison Tilley Alwyn Van Niekerk Andrea Mitchell Andrew Clark Andrew Human Andrew Miller Angus Robinson Anja Merret Anne Taylor Anthea Buys Anton Harber Ari Sitas Ariel Goldberg Arthur Goldstuck Arthur Attwell Aubrey Matshiqi Azad Essa Ben Cashdan Bert Olivier http www.beverleymerriman.com Beverley Merriman Bhekinkosi Moyo Bilal Randeree Brendan O Neill journalist Brendan O Neill Bridget McNulty Bronwyn Nesbitt Bruce Cohen Candice Holdsworth Carol Freeman Catherine Parker Charl Norman Charlene Smith Chris Moerdyk Chris Rodrigues Chris Maroleng Christi van der Westhuizen Community of Mandela Rhodes Scholars Dale Imerman Darren Smith Dave Duarte David Parry Davies David Smith David Saks Derek Daly Diane Awerbuck Digital Citizen Indaba Dion Chang Don Goodson Dumisani Magadlela Dylan Rogers Ebrahim Harvey http www.ekh.co.za Ebrahim Khalil Hassen Elaine Rumboll Erik Hersman Eve Dmochowska Fackson Banda Ferdie Bester Ferial Haffajee Ferrial Adam Fikile Ntsikelelo Moya Gavin Foster Gino Cosme Grant Walliser Graunt Kruger Gugu Moyo Guy Berger Heather ... more details
Edward Grant or Graunt 1540s 1601 was an English classical scholar, Latin poet, and headmaster of Westminster School . He was also the first biographer of Roger Ascham . Life He was educated at Westminster, and matriculated as a sizar of St John s College, Cambridge St. John s College , Cambridge, 22 February 1564. where he completed his exercises for the degree of B. A. about 1567. In February 1572, he was granted the degree of B.A. at Oxford by virtue of his residence at Cambridge, and a month later proceeded M.A. in the same university after obtaining a dispensation which relieved him of the necessity of residence. ref Venn GRNT563E Edward Grant ref Anthony Wood says that he was a member first of Christ Church, Oxford or Broadgates Hall, Oxford , and afterwards of Exeter College, Oxford the university register does not mention his connection with any college . He was incorporated M.A. at Cambridge on 16 December 1573, proceeded B.D. at Cambridge in 1577, and D.D. in 1589, being incorporated B.D. at Oxford 19 May 1579. He was a preacher licensed by Cambridge University in 1580, and presented books to St. John s College, Cambridge, 29 April 1579. Grant became head master of Westminster in 1572, after serving as assistant master for about two years previously. He retained that office for twenty years, and was succeeded by William Camden in February 1593. On 15 December 1587 he wrote a Latin letter to the queen begging to be released from teaching after seventeen years service. The next vacant prebend at Westminster was granted him by letters patent 14 November 1575, and he became a prebendary or canon 27 May 1577. He was vicar of South Benfleet , Essex, from 12 December 1584 till the following year became rector of Bintree and Foulsham , Norfolk , 20 November 1586 canon of Ely in 1589 rector of East Barnet 3 November 1591, ref http www.british history.ac.uk report.aspx?compid 45462 ref and rector of Toppesfield , Essex , on the queen s presentation 22 April 1598. He ... more details
An actuary is a business professional who deals with the actuarial science financial impact of risk and uncertainty . This is a list of notable actuaries and others who have influenced the profession. Note Order is by ascending year of birth, and then ascending year of death. Persons with unknown year of birth appear last in the list John Graunt 1620 1674 , English people English , constructed one of the first life table s William Petty 1623 1687 , English people English , much early writing on life table s. Johan de Witt 1625 1672 , Dutch people Dutch , early pioneering work on life annuities annuity s. Edmond Halley 1656 1742 , English, constructed one of the first life table s James Dodson 1705 1751 , English, developed statistical mortality table s Richard Price 1723 1791 , Welsh people Welsh , introduced correct methods for values of contingent reversions. Edward Rowe Mores 1731 1778 , English, founder of The Equitable Life Assurance Society The Society for Equitable Assurances on Lives and Survivorships and the first person to use the professional title actuary William Morgan actuary William Morgan 1750 1833 , Welsh Nathaniel Bowditch 1773 1838 , The first American Insurance actuary Essex Fire and Marine.. Joshua Milne 1776 1851 , English Benjamin Gompertz 1779 1865 , English, developed the Gompertz Makeham law of mortality and the Gompertz function John Finlaison 1783 1860 , Scottish people Scottish , first president of the Institute of Actuaries Griffith Davies 1788 1855 , Welsh Elizur Wright 1804 1885 , United States American , campaigned for valuation laws requiring life insurance companies to hold reserves to guarantee payment of benefits Wesley S. B. Woolhouse 1809 1893 , English, co founder of Institute of Actuaries James Joseph Sylvester 1814 1897 , English Ole Jacob Broch 1818 1889 , founded Gjensidige Scandinavia s first life insurance company Ernst Engel 1821 1896 , founded the first Mortgage Insurance company at Dresden, Germany Esprit Jouffret 183 ... more details
Grant can be both a surname and a given name . The name is of England English origin, and there are several possible origins for the name. ref name ancestry Grant name meaning One possible origin of the name is from a nickname derived from the Anglo Norman language Anglo Norman graund , graunt tall , large . ref name ancestry Grant name meaning This in turn was derived from the Old French grand , grant , which was originally derived from the Latin grandis . ref name ancestry Grant name meaning This nickname was likely given to a person of remarkable size or merely to distinguish two persons bearing the same name. ref name ancestry Grant name meaning Another possible origin of the surname is from a medieval personal name ultimately derived from the Old English byname Granta , ref name ancestry Grant name meaning which might have meant snarler . ref name ancestry Grantham name meaning http www.ancestry.com facts Grantham name meaning.ashx Grantham Name Meaning and Origin Retrieved on 2007 12 06 ref The surname may also be an alternate spelling of the German language German Grandt or Grand surname Grand . ref name ancestry Grant name meaning http www.ancestry.com facts Grant name meaning.ashx Grant Name Meaning and Origin Retrieved on 2007 12 06 ref Surname A B C Alan Grant disambiguation , several people Sir Alexander Grant, 10th Baronet , Principal of the University of Edinburgh Alexander Grant Upper Canada politician , British army officer, businessman and politician in Upper Canada Alicia Rae Grant aka Anne Cook b. 1986 , American musician and entertainer Amy Grant born 1960 , American singer songwriter Anne Grant , Scottish poet Anthony Grant basketball Avram Grant born 1955 , Israeli football manager Bernie Grant , United Kingdom politician Beth Grant , American actress Bob Grant disambiguation , several people Brian Grant , American basketball player Bud Grant , American football coach Cary Grant , film actor Chapman Grant 1887 1983 , American biologist Charles ... more details
For other people of this name, see Richard Herbert disambiguation . Sir Richard Herbert died 1510 of Ewyas , Herefordshire was the illegitimate son of William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke 1423 1469 William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Maud, daughter of Adam ap Howell Graunt Gwynn . ref name Lee cite book title Dictionary of National Biography, 1885 1900, Volume 26 first1 Leslie last1 Stephen first2 Sidney last2 Lee location London publisher Smith, Elder & Company year 1891 url http books.google.com books?id nt4pAAAAYAAJ&pg PA220 page 220 ref ref name Burke cite book title A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland author John Burke publisher Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley location London pages 259 260 year 1831 oclc 4645457 ref ref name Sil cite book title Tudor Placemen and Statesmen Select Case Histories author Narasingha Prosad Sil publisher Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Associated University Presses location Madison NJ , London, Cranbury, NJ year 2001 page 95 isbn 0838639127 url http books.google.com books?id GMLZx68bXzMC&pg PA95 ref Richard had a full brother named George. ref name Sil Sir Richard Herbert of Ewyas is distinguished from his uncle, Sir Richard Herbert of Coldbrook, brother of his father William Herbert. ref name Sanford cite book title The Great Governing Families of England first1 J last1 Sanford first2 M last2 Townsend pages 171 173 volume 2 year 2004 isbn 1 4212 7842 1 origyear 1865 publisher Adament Media Corporation ref Herbert legacy While the Earl of Pembroke title went to his younger, legitimate half brother William, ref name Sil Richard realized success through his own merit and his descendants Sir Richard Herbert, of Ewyas, who, though illegitimate, is ancestor of the men who have really, in modern times, rendered the name of Herbert illustrious. ref name Wilt cite journal journal The Wiltshire Arch ological and Natural History Magazine title Some Notice of William Herbert, First ... more details
merge Compartmental models in epidemiology date February 2012 An Epidemic model is a simplified means of describing the transmission of communicable disease through individuals. Introduction essay like section date November 2010 The disease outbreak outbreak and spread of disease has been questioned and studied for many years. The ability to make predictions about diseases could enable scientists to evaluate inoculation or quarantine isolation plans and may have a significant effect on the mortality rate of a particular epidemic . The modeling of infectious diseases is a tool which has been used to study the mechanisms by which diseases spread, to predict the future course of an outbreak and to evaluate strategies to control an epidemic Daley & Gani, 2005 . The first scientist who systematically tried to quantify causes of death was John Graunt in his book Natural and Political Observations made upon the Bills of Mortality , in 1662. The bills he studied were listings of numbers and causes of deaths published weekly. Graunt s analysis of causes of death is considered the beginning of the theory of competing risks which according to Daley and Gani Daley & Gani, 2005, p. 2 is a theory that is now well established among modern epidemiologists . The earliest account of mathematical modelling of infectious disease mathematical modeling of spread of disease was carried out in 1766 by Daniel Bernoulli . Trained as a physician, Bernoulli created a mathematical model to defend the practice of inoculating against smallpox Hethcote, 2000 . The calculations from this model showed that universal inoculation against smallpox would increase the life expectancy from 26 years 7 months to 29 years 9 months Bernoulli & Blower, 2004 . Following Bernoulli, other physicians contributed to modern mathematical epidemiology. Among the most acclaimed of these were Anderson Gray McKendrick A. G. McKendrick and William Ogilvy Kermack W. O. Kermack , whose paper A Contribution to the Mathe ... more details
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