Psychology sidebar pp move indef Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within groups of people ... of whether or not groupthink will impact the decision making process. The primary socially negative cost of groupthink is the loss of individual creativity, uniqueness, and independent thinking. As a social science model, groupthink has an enormous reach and influences literature in the fields of communication ... first2 A. R. title Twenty five years of groupthink theory and research lessons from the evaluation ... 10.1006 obhd.1998.2756 ref The majority of the initial research on groupthink was performed by Irving ... first I. L. title Groupthink journal Psychology Today date November 1971 volume 5 issue 6 pages 43 46 .... ref name Janis1972 cite book last Janis first I. L. title Victims of Groupthink a Psychological Study ... 0395140021 ref rp 8 9 Since Janis s work, other studies have attempted to reformulate his groupthink model. T Hart 1998 developed a concept of groupthink as collective optimism and collective avoidance, ref name THart1998 cite journal last t Hart first P. title Preventing groupthink revisited evaluating ... of conformity and compliance pressures on groupthink decisions. ref name McCauley1989 cite journal last McCauley first C. title The nature of social influence in groupthink compliance and internalization ... thumb right From Groupthink by William H. Whyte William H. Whyte, Jr. in Fortune magazine Fortune ... magazine Fortune magazine bquote Groupthink being a coinage &mdash and, admittedly, a loaded one ... Groupthink journal Fortune magazine Fortune date March 1952 pages 114 117, 142, 146 accessdate February 2, 2012 ref ref cite news first W. last Safire authorlink William Safire title Groupthink url http .... Groupthink one word, no hyphen was the title of an article in Fortune magazine in March 1952 by William ... led the initial research on the groupthink theory. In his first writing on groupthink in 1971, he defined the term as follows bquote I use the term groupthink as a quick and easy way to refer to the mode ... more details
A mindguard , according to groupthink theory, is a member of a group who serves as an informational filter, providing limited information to the group and, consciously or subconsciously, utilizing a variety of strategies to control dissent and to direct the decision making process toward a specific, limited range of possibilities. ref http home.comcast.net evansmgmtutor wsb lettersandopeds mindguards.html ref The presence of mindguards within a group is one of eight main symptoms of groupthink identified by its original theorist, Irving Janis . Multiple mindguards are frequently present in groupthink situations. The techniques utilized, consciously or subconsciously, by mindguards include time pressure in regard to decision making bandwagon effect information cascade s reframing situations to increase pressure toward or away from a specific outcome creating a sense that group cohesion will suffer if unanimity is lacking other techniques ref http www.stanford.edu kcook groupthink.html ref Mindguards exist in a variety of group settings. ref http www.communitywiki.org cw MindGuards ref They are not always easy to identify, which adds to the difficulty in countering the phenomenon. References Reflist Category Collectivism ... more details
been operating under too narrow of a focus due to the overemphasis of the groupthink phenomenon. ref Janis, I. L. 1971, November . Groupthink. Psychology Today, pp. 43 46, 74 76. ref ref Janis, I. L. 1972 . Victims of groupthink. Boston Houghton Mifflin. ref ref Janis, I. L. 1982 . Groupthink 2nd ed ... of testing group decision making in laboratory studies. They claim that the groupthink model ... fiasco A reappraisal of the groupthink phenomenon and a new model of group decision processes. Psychological ... and the GGPS model first. The original groupthink model As Janis defines, groupthink is The mode of thinking ..., November ref In a subsequent article, he elaborates on this by saying I use the term groupthink ... appraise alternative courses of action. Groupthink refers to a deterioration of mental .... L. 1972 . Victims of groupthink. Boston Houghton Mifflin, p.9 ref All this suggests that the original groupthink model was proposed for a rather specific situation, and Janis states that we can only call a phenomenon groupthink if all the warning signs are present see Groupthink Symptoms groupthink symptoms . File Groupthink schematic.JPG Groupthink schematic ref based on Janis, I.L. and Mann, L ... the perspectives, incorporating elements of the original groupthink model, in a fashion that creates ... manner. The groupthink model is restrictive and deterministic in the sense that numerous elements are phrased ... than the groupthink model, among these are group type, leader power, organizational political ... more details
the group to Groupthink, and thus helping to arrive at a decision that lacks individual support and, usually ... . New York Wiley Interscience. 1993. Warfield, JN, and Carol Teigen, Groupthink, Clanthink ... de grupo fr Pens e de groupe gl Pensamento de grupo ko it Groupthink he hu ... more details
they still had time to enjoy the afternoon. Groupthink The phenomenon may be a form of groupthink ... voicing their feelings or pursuing their desires. The Abilene Paradox is related to the concept of groupthink ... is legitimately desired by the group s members or merely a result of this kind of groupthink . This anecdote ... attribution error Group polarization Groupshift Groupthink Pluralistic ignorance Prediction market ... more details
important contributions to the study of group dynamics . He did extensive work in the area of groupthink ... Psychological Stress 1958 , Victims of Groupthink 1972 , Decision Making 1977 , Groupthink 1982 , and Crucial ... New York isbn 0 15 569585 1 Cite book last1 Janis first1 Irving L. title Victims of groupthink a psychological ... Press location New Haven isbn 0 300 02484 3 Cite book last1 Janis first1 Irving L. title Groupthink ... more details
on dried dehydrated plums. See also Umeboshi Saladitos References Chan, Janna. GroupThink Asian American Foods and Recipes. GroupThink. 05 July 2005. Janna Chan. 4 Jul 2008. http www.jannachan.com groupthink archives 000072.html FoodNerd. FoodNerd li hing mui. FoodNerd . 17 May 2008. www.paisleysky.net. ... more details
Refimprove date November 2007 Pack journalism is an often derogatory term used to describe the tendency of news reporting to become wiktionary Homogeneous homogeneous . The term was coined by Timothy Crouse . ref http www.timporter.com firstdraft archives 000433.html Timothy Crouse ref Pack journalism occurs because the reporters often rely on one another for news tips or are all similarly dependent on a single source for access which is often the very person they are covering . A type of groupthink occurs, as the journalists are constantly aware of what the others are reporting and an informal consensus emerges on what is newsworthy. The term can also be applied in kind to entire news organizations . For example, pack journalism can occur when a news organization decides to make a particular story the lead story only because other news organizations are doing so. The media coverage of the U.S. presidential election, 1972 1972 presidential election campaigns is the most famous example. The coverage of the campaigns was deplored in depth by both Timothy Crouse in his 1973 book The Boys on the Bus , and by Hunter S. Thompson in Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail 72 . References Reflist Category Types of journalism journalism stub ... more details
No footnotes date April 2009 CustomerVision BizWiki was a wiki software wiki application , geared to medium and large sized businesses, that existed from around 2006 to 2008. It was developed and sold by CustomerVision, a company founded by Cindy Rockwell, Brian Keairns and Cliff Monlux. CustomerVision BizWiki was reviewed in publications such as Network World , Intranet Journal and internetnews.com . It was also a finalist for the Intranet Journal Product of the Year 2007 and KMWorld Magazine s 2006 KM Promise Awards. References http www.forrester.com Research Document Excerpt 0,7211,40964,00.html Wikis Change The Meaning Of Groupthink Forrester Research report , January 10, 2007 http www.technewsradio.com 2006 07 tech news radio 2.html Enterprise Wiki Solutions Tech News Radio Podcast, July 18, 2006 http www.jupiterresearch.com bin item.pl research concept 79 id 98133 Jupiter Research report http www.intranetjournal.com articles 200605 ij 05 03 06a.html BizWiki Offers Collaboration With Controls , Intranet Journal , May 3, 2006 http www.networkcomputing.com channels collaboration showArticle.jhtml jsessionid 5RTQ1KNFJHL42QSNDLPCKH0CJUNN2JVN?articleID 184400516&pgno 1 Review Wikis In The Enterprise , Network Computing , March 30, 2006 External links http www.customervision.com CustomerVision homepage Category Proprietary wiki software business software stub ... more details
An availability cascade is a self reinforcing cycle that explains the development of certain kinds of collective beliefs. A novel idea or insight, usually one that seems to explain a complex process in a simple or straightforward manner, gains rapid currency in the popular discourse by its very simplicity and by its apparent insightfulness. Its rising popularity triggers a chain reaction within the social network individuals adopt the new insight because other people within the network have adopted it, and on its face it seems plausible. The reason for this increased use and popularity of the new idea involves both the availability of the previously obscure term or idea, and the need of individuals using the term or idea to appear to be current with the stated beliefs and ideas of others, regardless of whether they in fact fully believe in the idea that they are expressing. Their need for social acceptance, and the apparent sophistication of the new insight, overwhelm their critical thinking. The idea of the availability cascade was first developed by Timur Kuran and Cass Sunstein , building upon the concept of information cascades and on the availability bias as identified by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky . The concept has been highly influential in finance theory and regulatory research. ref http papers.ssrn.com sol3 papers.cfm?abstract id 138144 Availability Cascades and Risk Regulation ref References reflist See also Availability bias Information cascade Reputation cascade Circular logic Groupthink The Emperor s New Clothes Category Belief ... more details
Original research date April 2009 Distributed moderation is a form of Moderation system comment moderation that allows the users to moderate each other. Distributed moderation comes in two types User Moderation and Spontaneous Moderation. When a website utilizes a function to allow user generated submissions to be posted on the site such as a comment system , there are three basic choices about how that content will be moderated first, by the website owner unilaterally deleting editing posts unilateral moderation second, by the users being given the option of voting other users submissions up or down user moderation and third, by allowing no official moderation, which results in other users moderating through the use of responding to others comments spontaneous moderation . The latter two, user moderation and spontaneous moderation, are examples of distributed moderation. Distributed moderation is an example of crowdsourcing , and as such suffers from groupthink . Although it is a more fair system than unilateral moderation, it is not necessarily more free unpopular comments in a distributed moderation setting are often removed or otherwise hidden, even in circumstances where unilateral moderation might have left the comment alone. See also Moderation system Meta moderation system Wikipedia is an example of distributed moderation. fact date April 2012 Category Internet forum terminology Category Internet culture Category Reputation management ... more details
No footnotes date May 2011 Island mentality refers to the notion of isolated communities perceiving themselves as superior or exceptional to the rest of the world. This term does not directly refer to a geographically confined society, but to the cultural, moral, or ideological superiority of a community lacking social exposure. Island mentality can be characterized by narrow mindedness, ignorance, or outright hostility towards any artifact concept, ideology, lifestyle choice, art form, etc. originating from outside of the geographic area inhabited by the society. The term island mentality is also used in some psychological research Which date May 2011 to describe individuals who dislike or have problems with relating to others, and then live as loners or islands . This concept in which people may feel inferior, afraid, or alone has little to nothing to do with the above terminology. See also Groupthink Not Invented Here NIH Syndrome Ethnocentrism References http www.washingtonpost.com wp dyn content article 2010 01 31 AR2010013102080.html Israel and Pacific republics, united by an island mentality http www.guardian.co.uk commentisfree 2007 oct 14 deserttheislandmentality Desert the island mentality http www.timeshighereducation.co.uk story.asp?storycode 403402 Ditch the island mentality http opinion.globaltimes.cn commentary 2010 04 521782.html Taiwan s island mentality splits between isolation and integration Relevance fallacies Category Appeals to emotion sv mentalitet ... more details
Infobox Book name Weslandia title orig translator image File Weslandia lg.png 250 px image caption author Paul Fleischman illustrator Kevin Hawkes cover artist country United States language English language English series genre Juvenile Fiction publisher HarperCollins UK USA release date 1999 media type Print Hardcover Hardback & Paperback pages isbn ISBN 9 780 61363 5318 hardcover , ISBN 9 780 60625 9873 paperback oclc preceded by followed by Weslandia is a novel by Newbery Medal winner Paul Fleischman , with illustrations by Kevin Hawkes . It was published in 1999 by Candlewick Press. Plot Overview The story follows a protagonist, Wesley, in the creation of an eponymous micro nation in his parents backyard. His efforts are successful, and instead of being a social outcast, he gains a group of followers made up of his former grade school tormentors. When Wesley, a somewhat eccentric boy with no friends, discovers a mysterious plant magically growing in his parents backyard, he cultivates the plant over his summer vacation. The plant, which he names swist , provides him with a food source, and allows him to build shelter, tools, and even create his own entertainment and inspires Wesley to create his own writing system. Wesley s resourcefulness and meticulous research eventually allow to him the basis of his own civilization which he names Weslandia. Reception The over arching theme of the story is that unique personalities can lead to innovation and success, demonstrating the problem of groupthink in adolescent peer relationships and potentially encouraging social outcasts to follow their own path. fact date April 2011 There are also certain higher level, if simplistic, social critiques built into the story. One illustration shows Wesley s suburban neighborhood from above, which basically shows a landscape of identical houses with the only variation being garage on the left or garage on the right. This architectural blandness is a mirror of the groupthink that init ... more details
Janis may refer to As a first name Janis Bojars born 1956 , Soviet shot putter. Janis Ian born 1951 , American songwriter and folksinger. Janis Joplin 1943 1970 , American singer and songwriter. Janis Kelly born 1971 , Canadian volleyball player. Janis Tanaka , a bassist. Janis Babson 1950 1961 , Canadian child, organ donation. Fictional characters Janis Gold , a fictional character on 24 TV series 24 . Janis Hawk, a main character in the TV series FlashForward . Janis Ian, a character in the film Mean Girls . Named after the singer songwriter. As a surname Byron Janis born 1928 , American concert pianist. No relation to Conrad Janis. Conrad Janis born 1928 , American actor and jazz musician. No relation to Byron Janis. Elsie Janis 1889 1956 , American musical theatre and vaudeville performer. Irving Janis , a social psychologist who pioneered the groupthink theory. Jaroslav Jani , Czech auto racing driver. Other J nis , ancient Latvian god, or J nis, the most popular modern Latvian given name Janis software , a program by Nuclear Energy Agency NEA to view nuclear information Janis film Janis film , a 1974 film about Janis Joplin The name of two different albums by Janis Joplin Janis 1975 album Janis 1975 , a 2 LP compilation that acts as soundtrack album for the film Janis 1993 album Janis 1993 , a 1993 career overview collection disambig de Janis fr Janis ja no Janis ... more details
Infobox Book name Figments of Reality title orig translator image image caption author Jack Cohen scientist Jack Cohen and Ian Stewart mathematician Ian Stewart illustrator cover artist country UK language English language English series subject Sociobiology genre publisher Cambridge University Press release date 1997 english release date media type pages 339 isbn 0 52 157155 3 dewey 153.4 2 21 congress BF311 .S679 1997 oclc 36017160 preceded by followed by Figments of Reality The Evolution of the Curious Mind 1997 is a book about the evolution of the intelligent and conscious human mind by biologist Jack Cohen scientist Jack Cohen and mathematician Ian Stewart mathematician Ian Stewart . In this book Cohen and Stewart give their ideas on how the sentient human being evolved. Various chapters discuss scientific and philosophical ideas such as emergence and chaos, free will , perception versus reality, objectivity versus subjectivity, self awareness , the ego and id, groupthink , and extelligence . A theme is that the traditional reductionist approach of trying to understand things as interaction of simpler things can not alone explain such complex concepts as intelligence or culture. To better understand them one has to consider also the context in which they have evolved and the fact that the evolution is a recursive process, often changing the context so that previously unseen evolutionary paths became available. The authors claim that intelligence is an inevitable result of letting evolution progress for long enough. Topics are illustrated with humorous science fiction snippets dealing with a hypothetical alien intelligence, the Zarathustrians, whom Cohen and Stewart use as metaphors of the human mind itself, an alternative evolution story, and various philosophical concepts. References Jack Cohen and Ian Stewart Figments of Reality The Evolution of the Curious Mind , Cambridge University Press, 1997, ISBN 0 52 157155 3 Category Biology books Category Evolutionar ... more details
Infobox Book name Demonic br How the Liberal Mob Is Endangering America image File Ann coulter demonic book cover.jpg 250px image caption author Ann Coulter country USA language English language English subject Politics genre Non fiction essays publisher Crown Forum release date June 7, 2011 media type Print pages 368 isbn 0307353486 dewey congress oclc Demonic How the Liberal Mob is Endangering America is a book by best selling author and American conservatism conservative columnist Ann Coulter , published in 2011. In describing her book, Coulter told CBS News anchor Jeff Glor ... the left s image based arguments, combined with their frequent adoption of utterly contradictory positions, it turns out, are classic earmarks of mob mentality. Then, of course, there are the frequent explosions of violence from the left, when mob psychology leads to something more frightening than confusing, and becomes an actual, literal mob. ref cite news last Glor first Jeff authorlink Jeff Glor title Demonic How the Liberal Mob is Endangering America, by Ann Coulter url http www.cbsnews.com 8301 504367 162 20070280 504367.html ixzz1Q8TXif6M newspaper CBS News date June 9, 2011 ref Her publisher s book description says Democrats have a history that consists of pandering to mobs, time and again, while Republicans, heirs to the American Revolution, have regularly stood for peaceable order. Hoping to muddy this horrifying truth, liberals slanderously accuse conservatives of their own crimes assassination plots, conspiracy theorizing, political violence, embrace of the Ku Klux Klan. Coulter shows that the truth is the opposite Political violence mob violence is always a Democratic affair. ref http www.randomhouse.com book 32466 demonic by ann coulter 9780307353481 How the Liberal Mob Is Endangering America , Random House ref See also Gustave Le Bon Groupthink References references Category Books critical of modern liberalism in the United States Category Books by Ann Coulter Category 2011 ... more details
he or she makes. On sufficiently specialized websites, user moderation will often lead to groupthink ... of the groupthink mentality. This is often confused with Internet Troll trolling . citation needed ... more details
When people are in groups, they make decisions about risk differently from when they are alone. In the group, they are likely to make riskier decisions, as the shared risk makes the individual risk less. Overview Groupshift is a phenomenon in which the initial positions of individual members of a group are exaggerated toward a more extreme position. An example of it is when the fans of a sports team celebrate the win of their team and their celebration turns to destruction of property. What appears to happen in groups is that the discussion leads to a significant shift in the positions of members toward a more extreme position in the direction in which they were already leaning before the discussion so conservative types become more cautious and the more aggressive types take on more risk. For example, one study examined what would occur if prejudiced students were asked to discuss racial issues and what would happen if non prejudiced students discussed the same racial issues. The prejudiced students became more prejudiced whilst the non prejudiced students became more non prejudiced Myers & Bishop, 1970 . The group discussion tends to exaggerate the initial position of the group. This idea seems to correlate quite well with the basic principles of groupthink , which is a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive group, when the members strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action. Groupshift can be seen to be evident within groupthink as a sub set of typical thinking patterns that occur in group situations and can be observed in society in situations such as student bodies, government, sporting teams and jury juries . Origin The first term for groupshift was Risky Shift it was first coined in the early 1960s and was used to describe the tendency for groups to take more risks than the individuals within these groups would have taken had they been faced with the same ... more details
POV check date December 2007 Democracy Anticipatory democracy is a theory of civics relying on democratic decision making that takes into account futurology predictions of future events that have some credibility with the electorate. The phrase was coined by Alvin Toffler in his book Future Shock ref cite web url http books.google.com books?ei qsPgTpt jrKEB5CI0IAF&ct result&id SvbQAAAAMAAJ&dq 22Anticipatory democracy 22&q Toffler search anchor title Anticipatory democracy work The Indian journal of public administration, Volume 26 date 1980 accessdate December 08, 2011 pages 879 ref and was expanded on in the 1978 book Anticipatory Democracy , edited by Clement Bezold . Other well known advocates of the anticipatory approach include Newt Gingrich , Heidi Toffler , K. Eric Drexler , and Robin Hanson . They all advocate approaches where the public, not just experts, participate in this anticipation . To do this anticipation, prediction market s and other risk management techniques may be embedded into bureaucracies and agencies to overcome the groupthink inherent in such bodies, Fact date February 2007 which makes it quite difficult for them to anticipate uncomfortable future events. The FutureMAP program of the Information Awareness Office program of the United States of America United States government proposed a prediction market prior to its cancellation on July 29, 2003. Variants Bioregional democracy can appear as a variant of anticipatory democracy in that it anticipates using a similar scientific process the ecological health outcomes of any given action. However it usually relies more on far less fragile means, and less on compared measures and quantities. An alternative, deliberative democracy , may combine with either the anticipatory or the bioregional model. It relies less on formal models and a market system for betting on future events, and more on discussion. Deliberative, anticipatory and bioregional approaches can all be considered variants of partic ... more details
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