Infobox haplogroup name T origin date approx. 45,000 50,000 years before present origin place believed to be Mesopotamia , the Fertile Crescent , and or modern Syria and Turkey ancestor Haplogroup JT mtDNA ... ref In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup T is a human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup . Known Origins Mitochondrial mtDNA Haplogroup T derives from the Haplogroup JT mtDNA haplogroup JT , which also gave rise to Haplogroup J mtDNA haplogroup J . Haplogroup T is thought to have originated ... Pakistan and India. In his popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve , Bryan Sykes , who is in Haplogroup ... about mtDNA Haplogroup T and two of its main subclades The mitochondrial Haplogroup T is best characterized ... sub lineages of Haplogroup T entered Europe around the time of the Neolithic 10,000 years ago ... in Europe. Today, we find Haplogroup T , the root Haplogroup for Haplogroup T, widely distributed in Europe. About subclade T1 they write The origin of Haplogroup T1 dates to at least 6,000 years ago, and today, we find Haplogroup T1 distributed in populations living in southeast, central, and northwestern Europe. Regarding subclade T2 Haplogroup T2 is one of the older sub lineages and may have been present in Europe as early as the Late Upper Palaeolithic . Current distribution Haplogroup ... Ancestors, Haplogroup T includes slightly fewer than 10 of modern Europeans. Its many branches are widely ... view 35 55 Maternal Ancestry , Oxford Ancestors Ltd ref According to the Genographic Project Haplogroup ... Bedford, 2012 year 2012 title A Sephardic Signature in Haplogroup T mitochondrial DNA url journal European ... 2012 title A Sephardic Signature in Haplogroup T mitochondrial DNA url journal European Journal of Human ... and pastoralists The Genographic Project states that early people with Haplogroup T were ..., bringing the Neolithic Revolution to Europe they write Although the haplogroup was present during the early and middle Upper Paleolithic, Haplogroup T is generally considered one of the main genetic ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name S origin date origin place ancestor Haplogroup N mtDNA N descendants S1, S2 mutations 8404 ref name vanOven cite journal title Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation journal Human Mutation date 13 Oct 2008 first Mannis last van Oven coauthors Manfred Kayser volume 30 issue 2 pages E386 E394 url http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 121449735 abstract accessdate 2009 05 20 doi 10.1002 humu.20921 pmid 18853457 ref In human genetics , Haplogroup S is a human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup . It is a descendant of macrohaplogroup Haplogroup N mtDNA N . Origin Empty section date December 2009 Distribution It is found in Aboriginal Australians . ref http www.ianlogan.co.uk discussion hap S.htm Haplogroup S. ref Subclades Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup S subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation ref name vanOven and subsequent published research. S S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 See also Genealogical DNA test Genetic Genealogy Human mitochondrial genetics Population Genetics MtDNA References references External links General Ian Logan s http www.ianlogan.co.uk mtDNA.htm Mitochondrial DNA Site Mannis van Oven s http www.phylotree.org Phylotree Category Human mtDNA haplogroups S genetics stub bioinformatics stub ca Haplogrup mitocondrial hum S cs Haploskupina S mtDNA es Haplogrupo S ADNmt hi ru S ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name M18 origin date 17,100 4,700 ybp Metspalu , ref name metspalu2004 20,800 8,900 ybp Thangaraj ref name maji2009 origin place India South Asia ancestor Haplogroup M mtDNA M4 30 mutations 12498 and 15942 coding region and 194 control region In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup M18 is a Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup . It is an India specific lineage. ref name metspalu2004 ref name maji2009 ref name pmid16776823 cite journal doi 10.1186 1471 2164 7 151 year 2006 last1 Thangaraj first1 Kumarasamy last2 Chaubey first2 Gyaneshwer last3 Singh first3 Vijay last4 Vanniarajan first4 Ayyasamy last5 Thanseem first5 Ismail last6 Reddy ... ref Origin M18 is a descendent of the macro Haplogroup M mtDNA and an ancient Indian specific variant ... ref ref name pmid16776823 Haplogroup M18 shares a common coding region mutation 12007 together with the M4, Haplogroup M30 mtDNA M30 , M37 and M38 haplogroups from the root of Haplogroup M mtDNA haplogroup M superhaplogroup M4 30 . ref name maji2009 ref name pmid16776823 ref name pmid16361303 cite ... information from complete mtDNA sequences, the haplogroup M18 was first defined by Metspalu et ... url http www.ias.ac.in jgenet Vol88No1 127.pdf doi 10.1007 s12041 009 0020 3 ref Currently, the haplogroup ... Metspalu et al., calculated the coalescence time of haplogroup M18 with and without the Lodha sample ... et al., estimated the coalescence age of Haplogroup M18 to be 20,800 8900 ybp Thangaraj et al ., 2006 . ref name maji2009 To sum up, Haplogroup M18 individuals have been found in Saudi Arabia ... high frequency of M18 haplogroup was observed in Pardhan language Pardhan of Andhra Pradesh, while ... al., confirmed the monophyletic origin of Haplogroup M18, and found it occurring in high frequency in Mal ... pmid 19823670 pmc 2757894 ref Interestingly, the study by Metspalu et al., found haplogroup ... of this haplogroup is rather low, it cannot be ruled out that an increase of sample size would disrupt ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name BT map Y DNA tree.GIF origin date 70,000 80,000 years BP origin place Africa ancestor Haplogroup A Y DNA A2 T descendants HaplogroupB Y DNA B , Haplogroup CT Y DNA CT mutations Page65.1 SRY1532.1 SRY10831.1, M42, M91, M94, M139, M299, P97, V21, V29, V31, V59, V64, V102, V187, V202, V216, V235 In human genetics , Haplogroup BT SRY10831.1 SRY1532.1 , M42, M94, M139, M299 is a Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup Y chromosome haplogroup . ref ISOGG 2011, http www.isogg.org tree ISOGG YDNATreeTrunk.html Y DNA Haplogroup Tree ref The notation BT refers to the derived set of haplogroups between B and T which forms its own cladistic set. Haplogroup BT is descended from Haplogroup A Y DNA Haplogroup A2 T about 70,000 years Before Present bp , possibly originating in western North Africa or central West Africa . It contains the remaining living human Y DNA haplogroups from macro haplogroup A. References references Y DNA Category Human Y DNA haplogroups BT bioinformatics stub ca Haplogrup BR del cromosoma Y hum es Haplogrupo BT ADN Y fr Haplogroupe BT Y ADN ... more details
human male lines except haplogroup A Y DNA A and haplogroupB Y DNA B , which are both found almost ...Infobox haplogroup name CT map Yhaplotree.JPG origin date 68,500 years BP ref name Karafet Cite journal ... reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree journal Genome ... Sforza ref ancestor Haplogroup BT Y DNA BT descendants Haplogroup CF Y DNA CF and Haplogroup DE Y DNA DE mutations P9.1, M168, M294, V9, V41, V54, V189, and V226 In human genetics , Haplogroup CT is a Y chromosome haplogroup , defining one of the major lines of common ancestry of humanity along father to son male line s. Men within this haplogroup have Y chromosome s with the single nucleotide ... CT has yet been discovered, which means in other words that all men in this haplogroup are also ... of CT are in one of two major sub clades, Haplogroup CF Y DNA CF and Haplogroup DE Y DNA DE .... Citation needed date September 2010 In turn, DE is divided into an Asian haplogroup D Y DNA haplogroup D and a predominantly Africa distributed haplogroup E Y DNA haplogroup E , while CF is divided into an East Asian, American, and Oceanian haplogroup C Y DNA haplogroup C and haplogroup F Y DNA haplogroup F , which dominates most non African populations. ref name Karafet Haplogroup CT is therefore ... haplogroup E is predominant, and most non Africans, among whom haplogroup F is predominant. Subclades Haplogroup CF Y DNA Haplogroup CF P143 Haplogroup C Y DNA Haplogroup C M130, M216 Found in Asia , Oceania , and North America Haplogroup C1 Y DNA Haplogroup C1 M8, M105, M131 Found in Japan Haplogroup C2 Y DNA Haplogroup C2 M38 Found in Indonesia , New Guinea , Melanesia , Micronesia , and Polynesia Haplogroup C3 Y DNA Haplogroup C3 M217, P44 Found throughout Eurasia and North America, but especially ... speaking peoples Haplogroup C4 Y DNA Haplogroup C4 M347 Found in the indigenous Australians indigenous peoples of Australia Haplogroup C5 Y DNA Haplogroup C5 M356 Found in South Asia , Central Asia , and Southwest ... more details
. Letters represent haplogroup s while colors and numbers represent thousands of years before present ... DNA In human genetics , a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences ... 18853457 doi 10.1002 humu.20921 ref and subsequent published research. Macro haplogroup L mtDNA L Mitochondrial Eve Haplogroup L0 mtDNA L0 L1 6 Haplogroup L1 mtDNA L1 L2 6 Haplogroup L5 mtDNA L5 L2 3 4 6 Haplogroup L2 mtDNA L2 L3 4 6 Haplogroup L6 mtDNA L6 L3 4 Haplogroup L4 mtDNA L4 Haplogroup L3 mtDNA L3 Haplogroup M mtDNA M M8 Haplogroup CZ mtDNA CZ Haplogroup C mtDNA C , Haplogroup Z mtDNA Z M9 Haplogroup E mtDNA E M12 G Haplogroup G mtDNA G M29 Q Haplogroup Q mtDNA Q Haplogroup D mtDNA D Haplogroup N mtDNA N Haplogroup N1 mtDNA N1 Haplogroup I mtDNA I Haplogroup N2 mtDNA N2 Haplogroup W mtDNA W N9 Haplogroup Y mtDNA Y Haplogroup A mtDNA A Haplogroup S mtDNA S Haplogroup X mtDNA X Haplogroup R mtDNA R Haplogroup R0 mtDNA R0 FMKA pre HV Haplogroup HV mtDNA HV Haplogroup H mtDNA H , Haplogroup V mtDNA V Haplogroup pre JT mtDNA pre JT or R2 JT Haplogroup JT mtDNA JT Haplogroup J mtDNA J , Haplogroup T mtDNA T R9 Haplogroup F mtDNA F R11 BHaplogroupB mtDNA BHaplogroup P mtDNA P Haplogroup U mtDNA U formerly Haplogroup UK mtDNA UK Haplogroup U8 mtDNA U8 Haplogroup K mtDNA K Table Perspective ... haplogroup H in Eurasia ref class wikitable style text align center font size 70 border 1 align center style background f0f0f0 Haplogroup align center style background f0f0f0 Possible time of origin ... Genetics Human mitochondrial molecular clock Cambridge Reference Sequence haplogroup Human mitochondrial ... vincent images skeleton07 08 02.jpg Mitochondrial haplogroup skeleton Vincent Macaulay s http www.stats.gla.ac.uk vincent founder2000 motif.html Mitochondrial haplogroup motifs Cambridge DNA ... Map of macro haplogroup N http www.isogg.org wiki MtDNA haplogroup projects List of mtDNA haplogroup projects http haplogrep.uibk.ac.at HaploGrep mtDNA haplogroup determination based on PhyloTree.org ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name C map Migration map4.png origin date 60,000 YBP origin place Central Asia ancestor Haplogroup CZ mtDNA CZ descendants C1, C4, C5, C7 mutations 489 10400 14783 15043 ref name vanOven cite journal title Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation journal Human Mutation date 13 Oct 2008 first Mannis last van Oven coauthors Manfred Kayser volume 30 issue 2 pages E386 E394 pmid 18853457 url http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 121449735 abstract?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 accessdate 2009 05 20 doi 10.1002 humu.20921 ref In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup C is a human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup . Origin Haplogroup C is believed to have arisen somewhere between the Caspian Sea and Lake Baikal some 60,000 years before present. It is a descendant of the Haplogroup M mtDNA haplogroup M . Distribution Haplogroup C is found in Northeast Asia ref name tree http www.ianlogan.co.uk discussion hap C.htm Haplogroup C. ref including Siberia . Haplogroup C is one of five mtDNA haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas , ref name tree the others being Haplogroup A mtDNA A , HaplogroupB mtDNA B , Haplogroup D mtDNA D , and Haplogroup X mtDNA X . The subclades C1b, C1c, C1d, and C4c are found in the first people of the Americas. C1a is found only in Asia. In 2010, Icelandic researchers discovered a C1 lineage in their home country, estimating an introduction date of 1700 or earlier, indicating a possible introduction during the Pre Columbian trans oceanic contact Confirmed Norse trans oceanic contact viking ... doi 10.1002 ajpa.21419 abstract ref Subclades Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C ... Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup Chochmingwu . See also Genealogical DNA test ... Haplogroup C https www3.nationalgeographic.com genographic atlas.html?card mm006 Spread of Haplogroup C , from National Geographic magazine National Geographic DEFAULTSORT Haplogroup C Mtdna Category ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name G origin date 35,700 YBP ref name Soares cite journal title Supplemental Data Correcting for Purifying Selection An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock journal The American Society of Human Genetics date 04 Jun 2009 first Pedro last Soares coauthors Luca Ermini, Noel Thomson, Maru Mormina, Teresa Rito, Arne R hl, Antonio Salas, Stephen Oppenheimer, Vincent Macaulay and Martin B. Richards volume 84 issue 6 pages 82 93 doi 10.1016 j.ajhg.2009.05.001 url http www.cell.com AJHG abstract S0002 9297 09 00163 3 format accessdate 2009 08 13 pmid 19500773 pmc 2694979 ref origin place East Asia ancestor Haplogroup M mtDNA M12 G descendants G1, G2, G3, G4 mutations 709, 4833, 5108 ref name vanOven cite journal title Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation journal Human Mutation date 13 Oct 2008 first Mannis last van Oven coauthors Manfred Kayser volume 30 issue 2 pages E386 E394 doi 10.1002 humu.20921 url http www3.interscience.wiley.com ... ref In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup G is a Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup . Origin Haplogroup G is a descendant of Haplogroup M mtDNA haplogroup M . Haplogroup G is divided into subclade s G1 and G2a, which represent the Koryaks and Itelmen . ref name genetree Distribution It is an East Asian haplogroup. ref http www.ianlogan.co.uk discussion hap G.htm Haplogroup G. ref Today, haplogroup G is found at its highest frequency in northeastern ... mtDNA Haplogroup Testing ref Haplogroup G is one of the most common mtDNA haplogroups ..., unlike other mitochondrial DNA haplogroups typical of populations of northeastern Asia, such as haplogroup A mtDNA haplogroup A , haplogroup C mtDNA haplogroup C , and haplogroup D mtDNA haplogroup D , haplogroup G has not been found among indigenous peoples of the Americas . Subclades Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup G subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name HV origin date 25000 30000 YBP origin place Near East or Caucasus ref name Malyarchuk B. Malyarchuk et al 2008, http mbe.oxfordjournals.org cgi reprint msn114v1.pdf Mitochondrial ... haplogroup R0 mtDNA R0 descendants HV0, HV1, HV2, HV3, HV4, HV5, Haplogroup H mtDNA H mutations 14766 ... In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup HV is a Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup . Origin Haplogroup HV derives from the haplogroup R0 mtDNA Haplogroup R0 which in turn derives from haplogroup R mtDNA haplogroup R . HV is also the ancestral haplogroup to Haplogroup H mtDNA Haplogroup H and Haplogroup V mtDNA Haplogroup V . Distribution Haplogroup HV is a west Eurasian haplogroup found throughout the Middle East, including Iran , Anatolia present day ... 1875 1768 PIIS1875176808001613.pdf ref and a very high frequency of y chromosome haplogroup J ... mtDNA haplogroup U5 . These continued migrations sounded the end of the era of the Neandertals , a hominid ... their own group, haplogroup H, and continued the push into Western Europe. A 2003 study was published ... of the Cro Magnon type from Southern Italy . The study showed one was of either haplogroup HV or R0. http www.pnas.org cgi reprint 100 11 6593.pdf Subclades Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup ... name Malyarchuk HV HV0 formerly known as pre V HV0a formerly known as preV 2 HV0a1 Haplogroup V mtDNA ... HV2a HV4 HV4a HV5 16311 formerly known as HV3 ref http www.ianlogan.co.uk discussion hap HV.htm Haplogroup ... HV10 Haplogroup H mtDNA H See also Genealogical DNA test Genetic Genealogy Population Genetics mtDNA ... DNA Site Mannis van Oven s http www.phylotree.org Phylotree Haplogroup HV https www3.nationalgeographic.com genographic atlas.html?card mm023 Spread of Haplogroup HV , from the Genographic Project ... Tree DNA Rebekah A. Canada s http www.familytreedna.com public mtDNA HV mtDNA Haplogroup HV Project at Familytreedna Family Tree DNA DEFAULTSORT Haplogroup Hv Mtdna Category Human mtDNA haplogroups ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name N map Migration map4.png origin date Approx. 71,000 YBP ref name soares supplementary ... name soares supplementary origin place Asia ref cite journal doi 10.1126 science.1109792 quote Haplogroup ... old, with haplogroup R diverging rapidly within haplogroup N 60,000 years ago. title Single, Rapid Coastal ..., whereas haplogroup N is of apparently Eurasian origin title A Model for the Dispersal of Modern ... phylogeny. Haplogroup M s Eurasian sister clade, haplogroup N, which has a very similar age to M ... Haplogroup L3 mtDNA L3 descendants N1 5, N2, N9, N13, N14, N21, N22, Haplogroup A mtDNA A , Haplogroup I mtDNA I , O, Haplogroup R mtDNA R , Haplogroup S mtDNA S , Haplogroup X mtDNA X , haplogroup Y mtDNA Y , Haplogroup W mtDNA W mutations 8701, 9540, 10398, 10873, 15301 ref name vanOven cite ... doi 10.1002 humu.20921 ref In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup N is a human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup . An enormous haplogroup spanning many continents, the macro haplogroup N, like its sibling Haplogroup M mtDNA M , is a descendant of Haplogroup L3 mtDNA haplogroup L3 . All mtDNA haplogroups found outside of Africa are descendants of either haplogroup N or its sibling haplogroup M. M and N are the signature haplogroups that define the Recent ... the ubiquity of Haplogroup N and the absence of Haplogroup M in West Eurasia There is widespread agreement in the scientific community concerning the African ancestry of haplogroup L3 haplogroup N ..., whether or not the mutations which define haplogroup N itself first occurred within Asia or Africa ... volume 22 page 339 pmid 16678300 issue 6 ref Also related to the origins of haplogroup N is whether ... Haplogroup N left Africa via the Northern route through the Levant, and M left Africa via Horn of Africa. This theory was suggested because haplogroup N is by far the predominant haplogroup in Western Eurasia, and haplogroup M is absent in Western Eurasia, but is predominant in India and is common in regions ... more details
, where haplogroups Haplogroup E Y DNA E , Haplogroup A Y DNA A , HaplogroupB Y DNA B predominate, as well ...Infobox haplogroup name F map origin date 48,000 years BP 38,700 55,700 ref name Karafet cite journal last1 Karafet first1 T. M. last2 Mendez first2 F. L. last3 Meilerman first3 M. B. last4 Underhill first4 ... and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree journal Genome Research volume ... Hammer, M.F., Zegura, S.L. 2002 The human Y chromosome haplogroup tree Nomenclature and phylogeography ... South Asia or Southwest Asia ancestor Haplogroup CF Y DNA CF descendants F , F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, Haplogroup G Y DNA G , Haplogroup H Y DNA H , Haplogroup IJK Y DNA IJK mutations P14, M89, M213, P133, P134 ..., P161, P163, P166, P187 members In human genetics , haplogroup F is a very common Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup Y chromosome haplogroup spanning all the continents. This haplogroup and its subclade ... to as haplogroup FT to distinguish the part of it which is referred to in standard nomenclature as haplogroup or paraphyly paragroup F the branches of haplogroup F which have not yet been designated as defining a major haplogroup of their own . This haplogroup is ancestral to, and contains, Y chromosome haplogroups haplogroup G Y DNA G M201 , haplogroup H Y DNA H M69 , and haplogroup IJK Y DNA ... ancestral Haplogroup CF Y DNA C F chromosome may have been carried out of Africa very early in the modern ... Asia n populations defined by social and linguistic criteria, the possibility arose of haplogroup F might have originated in or near India , and F might share a common demographic history with Haplogroup H Y DNA H , Haplogroup C Y DNA C5 , Haplogroup R2 Y DNA R2 and Haplogroup L Y DNA L1 . ref name ... 2006 pmc 1380230 doi 10.1086 499411 pmid 16400607 ref The presence of several subclusters of F and Haplogroup ... haplogroup may have first appeared in North Africa , the Levant , or the Arabian Peninsula ... Zegura first2 Stephen L. title THE HUMAN Y CHROMOSOME HAPLOGROUP TREE Nomenclature and Phylogeography ... more details
haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas , the others being Haplogroup A mtDNA A , HaplogroupB mtDNA B , Haplogroup C mtDNA C , and Haplogroup X mtDNA X . Haplogroup D is also ...Infobox haplogroup name D map Migration map4.png origin date 40,000 60,000 YBP origin place East Asia ancestor Haplogroup M mtDNA M descendants D4, 16189 mutations 4883 5178A 16362 ref name vanOven cite journal title Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation journal Human Mutation date 13 Oct 2008 first Mannis last van Oven coauthors Manfred Kayser volume 30 issue 2 pages E386 E394 pmid 18853457 url http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 121449735 abstract?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 accessdate 2009 05 20 doi 10.1002 humu.20921 ref In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup D is a human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup . Origin Haplogroup D is believed to have arisen in Asia some 48,000 years before present. ref name soares supplementary cite journal title ... pages page89 ref It is a descendant haplogroup of Haplogroup M mtDNA haplogroup M . Distribution ... clade after H . Haplogroup D also appears at a low frequency in eastern Europe and southwestern ... occurring mtDNA haplogroup among modern populations of northern East Asia , such as Japanese ... haplogroup determination in Koreans haplogroup level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup ... This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup D subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred ... D4j D4k D4l D4l1 D4l2 D4l2a D4m D4m1 D4m2 D4n D4n1 D4o D4o1 D4o2 D5 6 D5 D5a b D5a D5a1 D5a1a D5a2 ... popular book The Seven Daughters of Eve , Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup ... External links General Ian Logan s http www.ianlogan.co.uk mtDNA.htm Mitochondrial DNA Site Haplogroup ... genographic.nationalgeographic.com genographic atlas.html?card mm007 Spread of Haplogroup D , from National Geographic magazine National Geographic DEFAULTSORT Haplogroup D Mtdna Category Human mtDNA ... more details
CZ Haplogroup C mtDNA C Haplogroup Z mtDNA Z M9 M9a b c d M9a c d M9a d M9a M9a1 M9a2 M9a3 M9d M9c ...Infobox haplogroup name M map Migration map4.png origin date 60,000 years before present origin place ... 26 pmc 516768 journal BMC genetics ref ref name kivisild2003 ancestor Haplogroup L3 mtDNA L3 descendants M1, M2, M3, M4 45, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10 42, M12 Haplogroup G mtDNA G , M13, M14, M15, M21, M27, M28, M29 Haplogroup Q mtDNA Q , M31 32, M33, M34, M35, M36, M39, M40, M41, M44, M46, M47 50, M48, M49, M51, Haplogroup D mtDNA D mutations 263, 489, 10400, 14783, 15043 ref name vanOven In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup . An enormous haplogroup spanning all the continents, the macro haplogroup M, like its sibling haplogroup N mtDNA N , is a descendant of Haplogroup L3 mtDNA haplogroup L3 . All mtDNA haplogroups considered native outside of Africa are descendants of either haplogroup M or its sibling Haplogroup N mtDNA haplogroup ... journal Science ref Origins There is an ongoing debate concerning geographical origins of Haplogroup M and its sibling haplogroup N. Both these lineages are thought to have been the main surviving lineages ... Africa belong to either haplogroup M or haplogroup N. Yet to be conclusively determined is whether ... after the exit from Africa. Determining the origins of haplogroup M is further complicated ... accepted that haplogroup M evolved shortly after the emergence of its parent clade haplogroup L3. Apart from haplogroup M and its sibling haplogroup N, the numerous other subclades of L3 are largely restricted to Africa, which suggests that L3 arose in Africa. In Africa, haplogroup M, specifically ... Africa at low to moderate frequencies. The limited distribution of haplogroup M in Africa and its ... of Africa migration, either shortly before or shortly after the exit from Africa. Haplogroup M1 Much of discussion concerning the origins of haplogroup M has been related to its subclade haplogroup ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name D map Yhaplotree.JPG origin date 50,000 ref name ISOGG 60,000 ref name Shi2008 years BP origin place Asia ref name Karafet ancestor Haplogroup DE Y DNA DE descendants Haplogroup D1 Y DNA D1 , D2, D3 mutations M174, IMS JST021355, PAGES00003 members In human genetics , Haplogroup D M174 is a Y chromosome haplogroup . Both D and E lineages also exhibit the single nucleotide polymorphism Haplogroup CT Y DNA M168 which is present in all Y chromosome haplogroups except haplogroup A Y DNA A and haplogroupB Y DNA B , as well as the YAP unique event polymorphism , which is unique to Haplogroup DE . Origins Haplogroup D is believed to have originated in Asia some 60,000 years ... reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree journal Genome Research ... gr.7172008v1 pmid 18385274 issue 5 pmc 2336805 ref While haplogroup D along with haplogroup E Y DNA haplogroup E contains the distinctive YAP genetics YAP polymorphism which indicates their common ancestry , no haplogroup D chromosomes have been found anywhere outside of Asia. ref name Karafet Overview Like haplogroup C Y DNA haplogroup C , D is believed to represent the Great Coastal Migration ... exclusively Haplogroup D chromosomes, although haplogroup C3 Y DNA Haplogroup C3 chromosomes also have been found in 15 3 20 of sampled Ainu males. Haplogroup D chromosomes are also found at low to moderate ... that speak Tibeto Burman languages and reside in close proximity to the Tibetans. Unlike haplogroup C, Haplogroup D is not found in the New World it is not present in any modern Native American North, Central or South populations. While it is possible that it traveled to the New World like Haplogroup C, those lineages apparently became extinct. Haplogroup D is also remarkable for its rather extreme geographic differentiation, with a distinct subset of Haplogroup D chromosomes being found exclusively ... belong to Haplogroup D Haplogroup D1 Y DNA Haplogroup D1 among the Tibetan people Tibetans as well as among ... more details
9297 PIIS0002929709001633.mmc1.pdf pages page89 ref origin place South Asia ancestor Haplogroup N mtDNA N descendants Haplogroup R0 mtDNA R0 , R1, Haplogroup pre JT mtDNA R2 JT , R3, R5, R6 7, R8, R9, R11 HaplogroupB mtDNA B , R12 21, R14, R22, R23, R30, R31, Haplogroup P mtDNA P , Haplogroup U ... F mtDNA F R22 R11 B 16189 R11 R11a HaplogroupB mtDNA B R24 R12 21 R12 R21 R14 R23 R30 R30a ...Infobox haplogroup name R map Haplogroup R mtDNA & subclades.PNG origin date 66,000 YBP ref name soares ... 2009 05 20 pmid 18853457 ref In human mitochondrial genetics , haplogroup R is a very extended Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup and is the most common macro haplogroup in West Eurasia . Haplogroup R is a descendant of macro Haplogroup N mtDNA haplogroup N . Among its descendant haplogroups are HaplogroupB mtDNA B , haplogroup U mtDNA U and thus haplogroup K mtDNA K , Haplogroup F mtDNA F , Haplogroup R0 mtDNA R0 and thus Haplogroup HV mtDNA HV , Haplogroup H mtDNA H , and Haplogroup V mtDNA V , and the ancestral haplogroup of Haplogroup J mtDNA J and Haplogroup T mtDNA T . Origin As of June 2009, the most recent study dates the origin of haplogroup R to 66.6kya ... bitstream 10062 567 5 karmin.pdf Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup R in India Thesis, University of Tartu ref The analysis of the indigenous haplogroup R lineages in India points to a common first spread of the root haplotypes of Haplogroup M mtDNA M , Haplogroup N mtDNA N , and R along the southern ... for the Peopling of South Asia. ref Haplogroup R has wide diversity and antiquity among varied ... system in India castes and southern region among the Tribes of India tribes show higher haplogroup ... of Mitochondrial DNA Macrohaplogroup N in India with Special Reference to Haplogroup R and its Sub Haplogroup U. Int J Hum Genet, 8 1 2 85 96 2008 ref Distribution R and its descendants are spread ... Eurasia . About 89 of Europe ans are of mtDNA macro haplogroup R. ref Eupedia.com. http www.eupedia.com ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name V origin date 13,600 YBP ref name Soares cite journal title Supplemental Data Correcting for Purifying Selection An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock journal The American Society of Human Genetics date 04 Jun 2009 first Pedro last Soares coauthors Luca Ermini, Noel Thomson, Maru Mormina, Teresa Rito, Arne R hl, Antonio Salas, Stephen Oppenheimer, Vincent Macaulay and Martin B. Richards volume 84 issue 6 pages 82 93 doi 10.1016 j.ajhg.2009.05.001 url http www.cell.com AJHG abstract S0002 9297 09 00163 3 format accessdate 2009 08 13 pmid 19500773 pmc 2694979 ref origin place Mediterranean Western Mediterranean Western Mediterranean ancestor Haplogroup HV mtDNA HV0a descendants V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, V9 mutations 4580 ref name vanOven cite journal title Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation journal Human Mutation date 13 Oct 2008 first Mannis last van Oven coauthors Manfred Kayser volume 30 issue 2 pages E386 E394 doi 10.1002 humu.20921 url http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 121449735 abstract?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 format accessdate 2009 05 20 pmid 18853457 ref In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup V is a Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup . Origin Haplogroup V is believed to have originated around the Western Mediterranean region, approximately 13,600 years before present possibly on Iberian Peninsula Iberia . It derives from the Haplogroup HV0a mtDNA Haplogroup HV0a . Distribution It is found with particularly high concentrations in the Sami ... Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup V subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven ... Oven s http www.phylotree.org Phylotree Haplogroup V http mtdnav.org Family Tree DNA Project mtDNA Haplogroup V https www3.nationalgeographic.com genographic atlas.html?card mm025 Spread of Haplogroup ... Danish Demes Regional DNA Project mtDNA Haplogroup V Category Human mtDNA haplogroups V genetics ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name W origin date 23,900 kya ref name Soares cite journal title Supplemental Data Correcting for Purifying Selection An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock journal The American Society of Human Genetics date 04 Jun 2009 first Pedro last Soares coauthors Luca Ermini, Noel Thomson, Maru Mormina, Teresa Rito, Arne R hl, Antonio Salas, Stephen Oppenheimer, Vincent Macaulay and Martin B. Richards volume 84 issue 6 pages 82 93 doi 10.1016 j.ajhg.2009.05.001 url http www.cell.com AJHG abstract S0002 9297 09 00163 3 format accessdate 2009 08 13 pmid 19500773 pmc 2694979 ref origin place West Asia ancestor Haplogroup N mtDNA N2 descendants W1, 194 mutations 195 204 207 1243 3505 5460 8251 8994 11947 15884C 16292 ref name vanOven cite journal title Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation journal Human Mutation date 13 Oct 2008 first Mannis last van Oven coauthors Manfred Kayser volume 30 issue 2 pages E386 E394 doi 10.1002 humu.20921 url http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 121449735 abstract?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 format accessdate 2009 05 20 pmid 18853457 ref In human genetics , Haplogroup W is a human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup . Origin Haplogroup W s ancestor was Haplogroup N2 mtDNA Haplogroup N2 . Distribution Haplogroup W appears in Europe, West and South Asia. ref Petraglia, Michael D. Bridget Allchin The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia Springer 26 Mar 2007 ISBN 978 1402055614 http books.google.co.uk books?id Qm9GfjNlnRwC&pg PA237&dq 22Haplogroup w 22 India&ei VuBqSdGfO5bCyQT0pbCXCQ ... Ian Logan s mtDNA site ref Subclades Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup W subclades is based ... DNA Project Haplogroup W https www3.nationalgeographic.com genographic atlas.html?card mm013 Spread of Haplogroup W , from National Geographic magazine National Geographic http www.familytreedna.com public haplogroupw mtDNA Haplogroup W Project DEFAULTSORT Haplogroup W Mtdna Category Human mtDNA ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name K map origin date 47,000 years BP ref name Karafet cite journal author Karafet ... and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree journal Genome Research year ... pmid 18385274 issue 5 pmc 2336805 ref origin place South Asia South or West Asia ancestor Haplogroup IJK Y DNA IJK descendants K , haplogroup K xLT Y DNA K xLT , and haplogroup LT Y DNA LT mutations M9, P128, P131, P132 In human genetics , Haplogroup K M9 is a Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup . This haplogroup is a descendant of Haplogroup IJK Y DNA Haplogroup IJK . Its major descendant haplogroups are Haplogroup LT L298 P326 and Haplogroup K xLT Y DNA Haplogroup K xLT M526 . ref http ... Y DNA haplogroup K is an old lineage established approximately 40,000 50,000 years ago whose origins ... classes of subgroups 1 major groups L to T refer to the main tree at Y DNA Haplogroup Tree and 2 minor ... from the common male line ancestor is as follows Clade label1 Macro haplogroup K 1 Clade 1 Paragroup K. Specially in Oceania . Also in Timor , Philippines and East India . label2 LT 2 Clade 1 Haplogroup L Y DNA Haplogroup L . South Asia , Central Asia , West Asia . 2 Haplogroup T Y DNA Haplogroup T . Scattered ... and West Iran . Most of them live in East Africa , South and East India and Upper Egypt . label3 Haplogroup K xLT Y DNA Macro haplogroup K xLT 3 Haplogroup K xLT 3 Clade 1 Haplogroup M Y DNA Haplogroup M . New Guinea , Indonesia , Melanesia and Polynesia . label2 Haplogroup NO Y DNA Haplogroup NO 2 Clade 1 Haplogroup N Y DNA Haplogroup N . Mainly found in Northern Asia , Northern Europe , and Eastern Europe . 2 Haplogroup O Y DNA Haplogroup O . Mainly found in East Asia , Southeast Asia , and Oceania . label3 Haplogroup P Y DNA Haplogroup P 3 Clade 1 Haplogroup Q Y DNA Haplogroup Q . Mainly found in Northern Asia and the Americas . label2 Haplogroup R Y DNA Haplogroup R 2 Clade 1 Haplogroup R1 Y DNA Macro haplogroup R1 . Europe , parts of West Asia , Central Asia , South Asia , North America ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name IJK map origin date 40,000 45,000 years BP origin place Southwest Asia ancestor Haplogroup F Y DNA Haplogroup F descendants Haplogroup IJ Y DNA IJ , Haplogroup K Y DNA K mutations L15 S137, L16 S138, L69.1 G S163.1 members In human genetics , Haplogroup IJK is a Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroups human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup . Haplogroup IJK is a descendant branch of the macrohaplogroup Haplogroup F Y DNA F with Haplogroup IJ Y DNA haplogroup IJ and Haplogroup K Y DNA haplogroup K as its attested descendants. ref name FTDNAadvSNP According to FamilyTreeDNA Family Tree DNA , the two Single nucleotide polymorphism SNP s defining this haplogroup unite I, J, and K within F as a brother clade to G and H. ref name FTDNAadvSNP FTDNA further states that haplogroup IJK s relationship with haplogroup F1 through F4 is unknown. ref name FTDNAadvSNP http www.familytreedna.com ... July 2010 Subclades Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 ... haplogroup tree journal Genome Research year 2008 volume 18 pages 830 8 doi 10.1101 gr.7172008 ... published research. IJK IJK L15 S137, L16 S138, L69.1 G S163.1 Haplogroup IJ Y DNA IJ M429 P125, P123, P124, P126, P127, P129, P130, S2, S22 Haplogroup K Y DNA K M9, P128, P131, P132 Some of the main branches within the group are shown below Clade 1 Haplogroup IJK label1 Haplogroup IJK 1 Clade 1 Haplogroup IJ label1 Haplogroup IJ Y DNA Haplogroup IJ 1 Clade 1 Haplogroup I label1 Haplogroup I Y DNA Haplogroup I 1 Clade 1 Haplogroup I1. Northern Europe . 2 Haplogroup I2. Scattered around Europe 2 Haplogroup J label2 Haplogroup J Y DNA Haplogroup J 2 Clade 1 Haplogroup J1 Y DNA Haplogroup J1 . Middle East . 2 Haplogroup J2 Y DNA Haplogroup J2 . Middle East . 2 Haplogroup K label2 Haplogroup K Y DNA Haplogroup K 2 Clade 1 Haplogroup L Y DNA Haplogroup L . South Asia . label2 Haplogroup MNOPS Y DNA Macro haplogroup MNOPS 2 Haplogroup MNOPS 2 Clade 1 Haplogroup M Y DNA Haplogroup M ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name R2a map origin date 25,000 years BP origin place South Asia or Central Asia ancestor Haplogroup R2 Y DNA R2 descendants R2a , Haplogroup R2a1 Y DNA R2a1 , R2a2 mutations M124, P249 ... Y DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades 2010 . ref ref name PAGES00004 FTDNA s Draft phylogeny tree, http ytree.ftdna.com index.php?name Draft&parent 99812970 FTDNA s Draft phylogeny tree . ref Haplogroup R2a is a Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroups Y chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic ... Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree on the 9th of September 2010, Haplogroup R2a was officially known as Haplogroup R2. ref name isogg However, the first reference to the newly defined Haplogroup, R2a, was on the 25th ... ejhg2010146a.html A major Y chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe 2010 . ref Before the publication of the 2005 Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree, Haplogroup R2a was known as Haplogroup P1 and formerly thought to be a sister clade of Haplogroup R Y DNA Haplogroup ... index files index data Haplogroup R2 Manoukian.pdf A Synthesis of Haplogroup R2 2006 ... , Haplogroup R2 Now R2a arose about 25,000 years ago in Central Asia ref name manoukian and its members ... episodes considerably earlier than others. blockquote The following is Haplogroup R2a Y DNA ... border 1px solid black padding 1em Haplogroup R, the ancestral clade to R1 and R2, appeared on the Central ... put forward. There could, of course, have been multiple immigrations of this haplogroup into the Indian ... R2a 1 Clade label1 1 Paragroup R2a label2 2 Haplogroup R2a1 Y DNA Haplogroup R2a1 label3 3 Haplogroup R2a2 Y DNA Haplogroup R2a2 Paragroup R2a Paragroup is a term used in population genetics to describe lineages within a haplogroup that are not defined by any additional ... after the main haplogroup. Y chromosomes which are positive to the M124, P249, P267, L266, PAGES00004 ... . Haplogroup R2a1 Haplogroup R2a1 Y DNA Haplogroup R2a1 is a Y chromosome haplogroup characterized ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name DE map origin date 65,000 59,100 68,300 BP ref name Karafet origin place Africa or Asia ancestor Haplogroup CT Y DNA CT descendants Haplogroup D Y DNA D , Haplogroup E Y DNA E mutations M1 YAP, M145 P205, M203, P144, P153, P165, P167, P183 members In human genetics , Haplogroup DE is a human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup . It is defined by the single nucleotide polymorphism SNP ... tree ISOGG YDNATreeTrunk08.html ISOGG reference webpage. ref Haplogroup DE is often referred to by the most ... YAP negative YAP . Haplogroup DE is an estimated 65,000 years old. ref name Karafet cite journal author ... reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree journal Genome Research ... can be categorized as being in either Haplogroup D Y DNA , which likely originated in Asia , the only place where it has been found, ref name Karafet or Haplogroup E Y DNA haplogroup E , which is believed ... P, et al. title Phylogeographic analysis of haplogroup E3b E M215 y chromosomes reveals multiple ... Nigeria ns, Haplogroup DE haplogroup was observed in only 5 Nigerian males 5 1247 . However, the study s authors caution that the apparently paraphyletic status of this haplogroup, and hence the conclusions ... DE in two individuals from Tibet 2 594 . ref name shi Haplogroup DE is found in Africa Haplogroups ... of haplogroup DE. ref name hammer1997 cite journal author Hammer MF, Karafet T, Rasanayagam ... from Asia to Africa 31,000 years ago by its subclade haplogroup E. ref name hammer1998 This analysis was based on the fact that older African lineages, such as Haplogroup A Y DNA haplogroups A and HaplogroupB Y DNA B , were YAP negative whereas the younger lineage, Haplogroup E Y DNA haplogroup E was YAP positive. Haplogroup D, which is YAP positive, was clearly an Asian lineage, being found only in East Asia with high frequencies in Japan and Tibet. Because the mutations that define haplogroup E were observed to be in the ancestral state in haplogroup D, and haplogroup D at 55kya, was considerably ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name CF map Yhaplotree.JPG origin date 55,000 60,000years BP origin place Southwest Asia ancestor Haplogroup CT Y DNA CT descendants Haplogroup C Y DNA C , Haplogroup F Y DNA F mutations P143 In human genetics , Haplogroup CF also known as CF xDE is a human male Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroups Y DNA Haplogroup defined by the SNP P143. Along with and parallel to Haplogroup DE Y DNA Haplogroup DE , it is a descendant of Haplogroup CT Y DNA Haplogroup CT . As its compound name implies, it is the ancestral haplogroup to both Haplogroup C Y DNA Haplogroup C and Haplogroup F Y DNA Haplogroup F . ref cite journal author Underhill PA, Kivisild T title Use of Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA population structure in tracing human migrations journal Annu. Rev. Genet. volume 41 pages 539 64 year 2007 pmid 18076332 doi 10.1146 annurev.genet.41.110306.130407 url http arjournals.annualreviews.org doi abs 10.1146 annurev.genet.41.110306.130407?url ver Z39.88 2003&rfr id ori rid crossref.org&rfr dat cr pub 3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov ref The haplogroup is hypothetical because no male in haplogroup CF has yet been discovered. References reflist Y DNA Category Human Y DNA haplogroups CF es Haplogrupo CF ADN Y ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name L1 origin date 107,600 174,300 YBP ref name Soares cite journal title Supplemental Data Correcting for Purifying Selection An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock journal The American Society of Human Genetics date 04 Jun 2009 first Pedro last Soares coauthors Luca Ermini, Noel Thomson, Maru Mormina, Teresa Rito, Arne R hl, Antonio Salas, Stephen Oppenheimer, Vincent Macaulay and Martin B. Richards volume 84 issue 6 pages 82 93 doi 10.1016 j.ajhg.2009.05.001 url http ... pmid 18853457 ref In human mitochondrial genetics , Haplogroup L1 is a Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup human mitochondrial DNA mtDNA haplogroup common in Central Africa Central and West Africa . Origin Haplogroup L1 is believed to have appeared approximately 110,000 to 170,000 years ago. ref name Soares Haplogroup L1 is a daughter of Macro haplogroup L mtDNA L1 6 and genetic marker changes are 3666 ... found in Africa, L1 is sometimes referred to as haplogroup L1 6, which is the macrohaplogroup that includes the majority of African lineages and all non African lineages. Haplogroup L1 6 is the macrohaplogroup ... African haplogroups M and N. Haplogroup L1 6 and its only sibling haplogroup L0 mtDNA haplogroup L0 ..., one of whom is the maternal common ancestor of haplogroup L1 6 lineages. Distribution It is found ..., L1f have been re classified into haplogroup L0 as L0d, L0k, L0a and L0f. ref Haplogroup L1b is most ... et al ., MtDNA diversity of Ghana a forensic and phylogeographic view, 2011 ref Haplogroup L1c has unquestionably ... haplogroup Genetic signatures of the prehistory of Central Africa ref Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup ... of Haplogroup L1 , from National Geographic magazine National Geographic http mbe.oxfordjournals.org cgi content full 21 10 1843 African Haplogroup L mtDNA Sequences Show Violations of Clock like Evolution Ian Logan s http www.ianlogan.co.uk discussion hap L1b.htm Haplogroup L1b. Ian Logan s http www.ianlogan.co.uk discussion hap L1c.htm Haplogroup L1c. Category Human mtDNA haplogroups L1 ca Haplogrup ... more details
DNA haplogroups A M91 and HaplogroupB Y DNA B M60 that are common in certain relict populations ... may belong to haplogroupB or haplogroup C. Subclades A1b V164 Found only in Gyele ...Infobox haplogroup name A map origin date 140,000 ypb ref name Cruciani2011 origin place Central Africa ... , Haplogroup A is the lineage of all men. Because of a mistake in phylogeny, it used to refer to a group of Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup y chromosome lineages that were later found to be among ... referred to as haplogroup A proper or haplogroup A xBT . No mutations define Haplogroup ... its founder. Haplogroup A xBT is largely restricted to parts of Africa , though a handful ... groups in Eastern Africa . However, haplogroup A s oldest sub clades are exclusively found in Central ... as some Pygmy groups in Central Africa. Haplogroup A is less common among Niger Congo languages Niger Congo speakers, who largely belong to the Haplogroup E1b1a Y DNA E1b1a clade. Haplogroup E Y DNA Haplogroup E in general is believed to have originated in Northeast Africa, ref name Abu Amero2009 ... 1 pages 43 62 pmid 11415522 doi 10.1046 j.1469 1809.2001.6510043.x ref Phylogeny File Haplogroup A tree.png ... that first split in the y chromosome family tree occurred with the M91 mutation that separated Haplogroup A from Haplogroup BT Y DNA Haplogroup BT . ref name Karafet cite journal author Karafet TM ... and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree journal Genome Research year 2008 ... tree is found between two previously reported subclades of Haplogroup A, rather than between Haplogroup A and Haplogroup BT. Subclades A1b and A1a T now descend directly from the root of the tree. The rearrangement of the Y chromosome family tree implies that lineages classified as Haplogroup A do not necessarily form a monophyletic clade. ref name Cruciani2011 Haplogroup A therefore refers to a collection of lineages that do not possess the markers that define Haplogroup BT, though many ... more details
, Wen B, et al. title Y chromosome evidence of southern origin of the East Asian specific haplogroup ...Infobox haplogroup name O2a map origin date origin place ancestor Haplogroup O2 Y DNA O2 descendants O2a1, O2a2 mutations M95 members In genetics, Haplogroup O2a M95 is a Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroups human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup . Haplogroup O2a is a descendent branch of Haplogroup O2 Y DNA Haplogroup O2 . Its closest extant phylogenetic relatives are the Haplogroup O2 Y chromosomes found at a low frequency throughout most of East Eurasia and the Haplogroup O2b Y DNA Haplogroup O2b Y chromosomes ... and at much higher frequencies in Korea and Japan . Distribution Haplogroup O2a is distributed widely ... China display a greatly elevated frequency of Haplogroup O2a Y chromosomes. Patrilines within Haplogroup O2a predominate among the Austro Asiatic languages Austro Asiatic populations of South ... sample of Austro Asiatic speakers belonged to Haplogroup O2a. Haplogroup O3 Y DNA Haplogroup ... Mien languages Hmong Mien peoples of China and Southeast Asia , and Haplogroup O1 Y DNA Haplogroup O1a ..., but usually at much lower frequencies than Haplogroup O2a. The hypothesis that Haplogroup O2a was the major Y chromosome haplogroup of the proto Austro Asiatic population is strengthened by the fact that Haplogroup O2a is the only haplogroup found among many Austro Asiatic speaking tribes, such as the Mlabri ... 10.1007 s10038 005 0349 2 url http www.springerlink.com content e7n73nq734w71600 ref Haplogroup O2a ... are currently spoken or have a historically attested presence, Haplogroup O2a reaches its highest ... Y Chromosome Diversity in East Asia and Oceania , Peter A. Underhill ref Haplogroup O2a has been found to be by far the most common Y chromosome haplogroup among the Balinese people Balinese , occurring in approximately 58.6 323 551 of a sample of Balinese men Haplogroup O1a M119 and Haplogroup ... format PDF url http www.ic.arizona.edu lansing docs Y 20Bali 20article.pdf ref Haplogroup O2a has ... more details
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