Hardscape , in the practice of landscaping , refers to the pavement material paved areas like streets & sidewalk s, large business complexes & housing developments , and other industrial areas where the upper soil profile is no longer exposed to the actual surface of the Earth . The term is especially used in heavily urbanization urbanized or suburban areas with little bare soil. ref http garden stones.blogspot.com 2008 06 what heck are hardscapes.html ref Hardscape features Typical small scale hardscaping examples include brick patios and sidewalks . Retaining walls are often used to create boundaries between hardscapes and earth landscaping features, or softscape s. From an urban planning perspective, hardscapes can include very large features, such as paved roads . Most artificial water features are technically hardscapes because they require a barrier to retain the water, instead of letting it drain into the surrounding soil. From an aesthetic perspective, hardscaping allows workers to erect landscaping features that would otherwise be impossible due to soil erosion , or that compensate for large amounts of human traffic that would cause wear on bare earth or grass. For example, sheer vertical features are possible. ref http garden stones.blogspot.com 2008 07 five cool hardscaping elements.html ref Drainage concerns The water table in and around large areas of hardscape is usually very depleted because the amount of rainwater absorbed into the soil is insufficient to recharge the water table in that usually urban area. Such areas must then rely largely on imported freshwater from local or non local lake s, reservoir s, dam s, river s, and stream s. On the other hand, most homes in rural area s often use water well well s and spring hydrosphere springs as their primary source of freshwater because the local water table is being constantly recharged by the water cycle hydrologic cycle . Without nearby bare soil, a hardscape requires artificial methods of drainage or surface ... more details
Softscape refers to the elements of a landscape that comprise live, horticulture horticultural elements. Softscaping can include, flowers, plants, shrubs, trees, flower beds, etc. This is a term that has been popularized in recent pop culture 2006 onwards on television shows such as Home & Garden Television . The purpose of softscape is to lend character to the landscaping, create an aura, ambience, and reflect the sensibilities of the inhabitants. The term softscape stands in contrast to hardscape which represents inanimate objects of a landscape such as pavers, stones, rocks, etc. See also Landscape Hardscape References reflist External links Category Horticulture and gardening Category Landscape ... more details
Landscape design software can be used by Landscape architect s, landscape designers and homeowners to plot the layout of plants softscapes and hardscape features before constructing a landscape. There are two levels of software available, amateur and professional. The former is usually aimed at simple visualisation of a garden design whilst the latter provides tools that allow stylistic representations of a design to be accurately labelled and dimensioned for contractors to interpret and land authorities or local government to sight and approve or otherwise. Since the advent of the personal computer , several software packages have come into existence the main professional software being http www.ideaspectrum.com Realtime Landscaping Architect, http www.prolandscape.com PRO Landscape, LANDWorksCAD, LandCADD, Landmark, http www.visualimpactimaging.com index Visual Impact s EARTHSCAPES, VizTerra and http www.asunilands.com Lands. Below is a list of some features provided by such software Video Tutorials Digital Photo Import 3 D View creation Plant Encyclopedia Growth Zones & Hardiness Maps Images of Plants and Objects Print Shopping Lists Print Design Visualize Plant Growth Outdoor Lighting Irrigation Design Outdoor Furniture Schedules Labelling Photorealistic Design Presentations Generating Quotes, Invoices, Reports, Plant Information Category Landscape architecture software stub ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2010 The community of Belcourt is an exclusive guard gated community in Newport Beach, California . The affluent neighborhood remains distinct for its central Newport Beach location on the corner of Macarthur Boulevard and Bison Avenue just minutes to Fashion Island , freeways, the University of California at Irvine , and Corona del Mar beaches, as well as the level of security and privacy offered to its many high profile celebrity and executive residents. The community s custom homesites, many of which feature some of the city s few grand tennis estates, have a range of architectural styles. The neighborhood is noted for its larger lots, wide streets, and mature trees. Planned and developed by legendary Orange County homebuilder J.M. Peters, the community gained immediate distinction for the quality of its landscape and hardscape design, which include elaborate stamped concrete and brick pattern gated entrances with grand tiled fountains, and the prominent usage of coral trees, magnolia trees, and jacaranda trees. It is rumored that landscape architects from around the world have come to study the landscaping in the Belcourt development, which has remained a standard by which other upscale communities in the area are judged. Coord 33.636929 117.86474 format dms display title Category Neighborhoods in Newport Beach, California ... more details
Image Plaza Montenegro Rosario 1.jpg thumb right 240px The center of Plaza Montenegro Image Plaza Montenegro Rosario 2.jpg thumb right 240px Looking towards the Bernardino Rivadavia Culture Center Plaza Santiago Montenegro is a small hardscape plaza in the city of Rosario , provinces of Argentina province of Santa Fe Province Santa Fe , Argentina . Its name honors one of the first Spanish descended settlers in the area, Captain Santiago Montenegro. It was known as Plaza Pinasco until 1993. The plaza occupies part of a block in the downtown area, limited by San Luis St., a pedestrian segment of San Mart n Street Rosario San Mart n St. , and a smaller street or passage called Bar n de Mau . Most of the block is taken up by the Bernardino Rivadavia Culture Center . History The site of the plaza was a marketplace between 1857 and 1903. A better organized fruit and vegetable market replaced it around 1905, which lasted there until 1962, when mayor C ndido Carballo ordered its removal for sanitary reasons, in 1962. The buildings were demolished, leaving an empty lot. The Autom vil Club Argentino struck an agreement with the Municipality to build a car park underground, while the ground area was turned into a hardscape public space called Plaza Emidgio Pinasco. When Argentina hosted the 1978 FIFA World Cup , Rosario was chosen as a sub seat, and the state organization in charge of FIFA s requirements appropriated a sector of the plaza to build a press center. The building was first planned as a provisional one, but then the organization decided to make it permanent, and donate it to the Municipality to function as a culture center. ref name muni ccbr Municipality of Rosario. http www.rosario.gov.ar sitio lugaresVisual verLugar.do?id 1699 Centro Cultural Bernardino Rivadavia . ref The plaza was rebuilt in 1993, during the administration of mayor H ctor Cavallero . ref La Capital, 8 October 2005. http www.lacapital.com.ar 2005 10 08 ciudad noticia 236312.shtml Arrecian las q ... more details
Posner Park is a 500 million dollar mixed use development in Polk County, Florida Polk County , Florida . It is located at the intersection of Interstate 4 and U.S. Route 27 US Highway 27 , about 6 miles north of Haines City, Florida Haines City . Posner Park was developed by Trammell Crow Company as part of a series of joint ventures with MetLife, and the original land owners, the Posner family. The development is the brainchild of Victor Posner 1918 2002 , for whom it is named. It stands on the site of the former Circus World theme park Circus World and Boardwalk and Baseball theme parks as well as the former site of the Kansas City Royals spring training facility. The first stores opened in March 2008 ref http www.orlandosentinel.com business local newsletter orl biznews target031008,0,7939387.story Orlando Sentinel, March 10, 2008 ref and include Target, J.C. Penney, Belk Department Stores, Dick s Sporting Goods, Best Buy, Staples, Ross, Michael s, PetsMart and Books A Million as the 10 anchor tenants that occupy nearly 500,000 sf of retail space on 80 acres fronting Interstate 4 and U.S. 27. In total, 11 anchor tenants and a number of smaller specialty retailers will occupy 650,000 sf of retail space. In future expansion, Posner Park plans a lifestyle center with high end boutiques, upscale offices, destination restaurants, luxury multi family residences, entertainment and cultural venues and pedestrian parks. An extensively landscaped core plaza with fountains and decorative hardscape elements will sit in the midst of these establishments. Posner Park was approved for nearly 1.5 million sf of specialty and general retail, over 1 million sf of Class A office space, 2,600 upscale hotel rooms and nearly 2,000 luxury multi family units for an anticipated 4,500 residents. The park sits only seven miles from the main gates of the Walt Disney World Resort and overlooks one of only four full access interchanges on I 4. This new 60 million interchange is part of the St ... more details
File Second River west of High jeh.JPG thumb right Second River New Jersey Second River , an urban stream in Orange, New Jersey An urban stream is a formerly natural River waterway that flows through a Urban area heavily populated area . Urban streams are often significantly Water pollution polluted , due to urban runoff and combined sewer outflows. ref Walsh, Christopher J. et al. 2005 . http www.biology.duke.edu wilson EcoSysServices papers WalshEtal2005.pdf The urban stream syndrome current knowledge and the search for a cure. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 2005, 24 3 706 723. DOI 10.1899 04 028.1 , ISSN 0887 3593 ref Government agencies may alter the flow and or course of an urban stream to prevent localized flood flooding , using a construction technique called channelization and a collection of related practices collectively known as river engineering . These techniques may include lining a stream bed with concrete or other hardscape materials, and or diverting the stream into culvert s and storm sewer s. Some urban streams, such as the subterranean rivers of London , run completely underground. These modifications have often resulted in loss of habitat for fish and other species, downstream flooding due to alterations of flood plain s, and further deterioration of water quality . ref U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC 2007 . http www.epa.gov owow nps hydromod National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Hydromodification. Document No. EPA 841 B 07 002. July 2007. ref File Hobart Rivulet Underground.jpg thumb right Some urban streams, such as the Hobart Rivulet in Tasmania , run Subterranean river underground for substantial distances Some communities have initiated stream restoration projects, using techniques such as daylighting streams daylighting , in an attempt to correct the problems caused by previous stream alteration efforts, as well as to address stream bank Erosion Water erosion cause ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2011 Landscape design is an independent profession and a design and art tradition, practised by landscape designers, combining nature and culture . In contemporary practice landscape design bridges between landscape architecture and garden design . Citation needed date May 2011 Design scope Landscape design focuses on both the integrated master landscape planning of a property and the specific garden design of landscape elements and plant s within it. The practical, Design aesthetic , Horticulture horticultural , and environmental sustainability components merit Landscape design inclusion. It is often divided into hardscape design and softscape design. Landscape designers often collaborate with related disciplines such as architecture and geography , soils and civil engineering , surveying , Landscaping landscape contracting , botany , and artisan specialties. Design project focus can tend towards in landscape design artistic composition and artisanship, horticultural finesse and expertise, and a detailed site involvement emphasis from concepts through construction whereas in landscape architecture focus of urban planning, city and regional parks, civic and corporate landscapes, large scale interdisciplinary projects, and delegation to contractors after completing designs. There can be significant overlap of talents and skills, depending on the education, licensing, and experience of the professional.Both landscape designers and landscape architects practice landscape design. Citation needed date May 2011 Design approach Factors in designing include objective qualities such as the climate and microclimates topography and orientation, site drainage and groundwater recharge municipal and resource building codes, soils and irrigation, human and vehicular access and circulation, recreational amenities ie sports and water , furnishings and lighting, native plant habitat botany when present, property safety and security, landscape detailing construct ... more details
The Clark County Regional Flood Control District CCRFCD was created in 1985 by the Nevada Legislature allowing Clark County, Nevada Clark County to provide broad solutions to flooding problems. The District has developed plans and so far successfully continued working on a 50 year program to eliminate most flooding from a 100 year flood in the populated areas the CCRFCD is responsible for. History The district began its first project in 1998 funded by a 0.25 percent sales tax . As of 2004 approximately 840 million has been spent by the CCRFCD and the Federal government of the United States U.S. federal government on the many projects. District direction for providing protection Since Las Vegas is located in a Drainage basin basin with a single outlet, the Las Vegas Wash , all rain Surface runoff runoff drains to the east side of the basin where it will eventually be deposited into Lake Mead . Rain fall in the surrounding mountain ranges, can cause flooding in the area as water flows off the mountains onto the valley floor. The area is also subject to localized weather events. It is possible for an area to receive heavy rainfall in a short time, while nearby areas as close as one or two miles 3 km away receive little or no rain. http www.ccrfcd.org 03 history.htm Additional history about past flood events is available as well as some http www.ccrfcd.org raingauges.htm historical rainfall data . The increase of hardscape as the valley has developed has contributed to an increase of runoff over time. To help alleviate the damage caused by flooding, the Clark County Regional Flood Control District has spent millions of dollars to build detention basin s and concrete drainage channels throughout the area. The belief is that these structures will control the flow of water when there is storm runoff and reduce flooding in areas below the basins and near the channels and Arroyo creek washes . The detention basins operated by the district vary in size from convert 10 to 50 a ... more details
Infobox stadium stadium name Pinnacle Bank Arena fullname Pinnacle Bank Arena nickname former names Lincoln Haymarket Arena 2010 2011 image location Lincoln, Nebraska Lincoln , Nebraska NE coordinates coord 40 49 4 N 96 42 48 W display inline,title broke ground September 7, 2011 ref cite news title City, University Celebrate West Haymarket Arena Groundbreaking first Kevin last Abourezek url http journalstar.com news local article b82c645d c802 583d 9aed 308f60e22fb7.html newspaper Lincoln Journal Star date September 7, 2011 accessdate September 7, 2011 ref built September 2011 August 2013 planned opened September 2013 planned owner Lincoln, Nebraska City of Lincoln operator SMG property management SMG surface Multi surface construction cost United States dollar 180,797,782 ref cite web url http www.haymarketnow.com arena title Pinnacle Bank Arena HaymarketNOW work Haymarketnow.com accessdate February 26, 2012 ref architect DLR Group br BVH Arena Exterior br Clark Enersen Partners landscape & hardscape design, parking structural engineer Buro Happold ref name engineering cite web url http www.burohappold.com knowledge and news article buro happold selected as structural engineers for new nebraskan basketball arena 282 title Buro Happold Selected as Structural Engineers for New Nebraskan Basketball Arena date August 17, 2011 work burohappold.com publisher Buro Happold accessdate February 26, 2012 ref services engineer M E Engineers, Inc. ref name engineering project manager Paula Yancey PC Sports ref cite news title Lincoln is Fifth Arena for New Project Manager Paula Yancey first Nancy last Hicks url http journalstar.com special section arena recent news lincoln is fifth arena for new project manager paula yancey article ca3835b3 8656 5030 b862 5d7807504ca0.html newspaper Lincoln Journal Star date July 28, 2011 accessdate July 28, 2011 ref general contractor Mortenson Hampton tenants Nebraska Cornhuskers men s basketball and Nebraska Cornhuskers women s basketball se ... more details
emphasized, with more limited colors than in the Dutch style, and the hardscape is not completely covered ... any gravel and hardscape, and even the chemical composition of the water. ref Harvnb James 1986 pp ... more details
Infobox settlement official name Tyler Davidson Fountain nickname The Lady website http www.myfountainsquare.com image skyline TylerDavidsonFountainAtNight.jpg coordinates display inline,title coordinates region US OH subdivision type Countries of the world Country subdivision type1 Political divisions of the United States State subdivision type2 subdivision name United States subdivision name1 Ohio subdivision name2 Downtown Cincinnati subdivision name3 Hamilton County, Ohio Hamilton established title Founded established date 1871 area code Area code 513 513 timezone Eastern Standard Time Zone EST utc offset 5 timezone dst Eastern Daylight Time EDT utc offset dst 4 latd 39 latm 8 lats 10 latNS N longd 84 longm 30 longs 11 longEW W elevation m 147 elevation ft 482 footnotes Infobox NRHP name Davidson, Tyler, Fountain embed yes nrhp type image caption location 5th St., Cincinnati, Ohio lat degrees 39 lat minutes 8 lat seconds 10 lat direction N long degrees 84 long minutes 30 long seconds 11 long direction W coord display inline locmapin Ohio built 1867 architect OR builder Von Miller,Ferdinand Et al. architecture added October 11, 1979 area convert 1.2 acre governing body State refnum 79001854 ref name nris NRISref version 2010a ref The Tyler Davidson Fountain is a statue and fountain located in Cincinnati, Ohio Cincinnati , Ohio . It is regarded as the city s symbol and one of the area s most visited attractions. It was dedicated in 1871 and is the centerpiece of Fountain Square, Cincinnati Fountain Square , a hardscape plaza at the corner of 5th and Vine Streets in the downtown area. It is surrounded by stores, hotels, restaurants and offices. Originally, and for more than 130 years, it was located in the center of 5th Street Fountain Square s original configuration , immediately west of Walnut Street. In 2006, renovations were undertaken to Fountain Square, and the Tyler Davidson Fountain was temporarily removed. When reinstalled it was relocated to a much wider ... more details
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