Other uses Schmendrick disambiguation Shmendrik, oder Die komishe Chaseneh Schmendrik or The Comical Wedding is an 1877 comedy by Abraham Goldfaden , one of the earliest and most enduring pieces in Yiddish theater . The title role of Shmendrik was originally written for the young Sigmund Mogulesko , and derived from a character Mogulesko did when auditioning for Goldfaden earlier that year. The role was later famously played by actress Molly Picon . The play is loosely based on an earlier Romanian language play, Vl du u Mamei Mama s Boy , transferred to a setting in a family of Hasid ic Jew s, a milieu that was a standard butt of humor among the enlightened Jews of the Haskalah . The secondary title is a pun on The Chymical Wedding , one of the major works of Johannes Valentinus Andreae 1586&ndash 1654 , a founding work of Rosicrucian ism. According to Jacob Pavlovich Adler Jacob Adler , the play was such a sensation that a year after it was first performed in Bucharest , when Israel Rosenberg set about presenting it as the second play of his newly formed Yiddish theater troupe in Odessa , Shmendrik had already passed into the Yiddish language , both as a term of affection and derision, but also as slang for a sneeze, for money, and for the police. ref Adler, 1999, 95 ref Synopsis Shmendrik is an idiotic and clueless mama s boy, a hopelessly poor student at a religious school, whose mother is completely blind to his faults. The main plot is set in motion when his mother arranges a marriage for him the girl in question is not only appropriately appalled by Shmendrik, but is already in love with someone else. The plot, of course, centers on how she will evade the inappropriate marriage and be reunited with her true love. References Reflist Jacob Pavlovich Adler Adler, Jacob , A Life on the Stage A Memoir , translated and with commentary by Lulla Rosenfeld, Knopf, New York, 1999, ISBN 0 679 41351 0. 94 96. Category Yiddish words and phrases Category Yiddish theatre he ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2009 Yetzia bish eila lang he , lit. leaving with a question is the Israel i term for leaving a religion , usually Judaism , to lead a secular life style, or a life style adhering significantly less to religion. It is sometimes also called chazara bish ela return with a question both terms are attempted reversals of the term Baal teshuva chazara bit shuva lit. return with repentance , the word for repentance being the same as the word for answer , which refers to the opposite act becoming religious. In Israel, the term for Jews who are non observant is Hiloni . Many yotz im bish ela pl. noun for those who leave their religion face ostracism from their original community. Mainstream secular education, social interaction with non Chareidi people, outside literature, TV and internet are generally prohibited, which means that many are unprepared for life in the outside world . Famous people who left the Jewish religion or became less observant include Elisha ben Abuyah , Baruch Spinoza , Sholom Aleichem , Yosef Haim Brenner , Micha Josef Berdyczewski , Hayyim Nahman Bialik , Haim Cohn , Ahad Ha am and Mendele Mocher Sforim . See also Apostasy Baal teshuva Footsteps organization Footsteps Haskalah Religious disaffiliation Off the derech hiloni External links http www.hillel.org.il Hillel Organization in Israel to assist those wishing to leave the chareidi community http www.freedror.org.il View GetArticle.asp?ID 21 Freedror Organization that helps those wishing to integrate in the wider community. http www.footstepsorg.org Footsteps organization Organization based in New York that gives emotional support and provides education for those who left or want to leave their ultra orthodox community. http www.hillel.org.il Uploads dbsAttachedFiles Leaving Ultra Orthodox Judaism.pdf MA Thesis in English on Leaving Haredi Ultra Orthodox Judaism DEFAULTSORT Yetzia Bish eila Category Hebrew words and phrases Category Judaism related con ... more details
Yaacov Levanon originally Yaacov Bilansky Korets , Ukraine 1895 Jerusalem , Israel 1965 was a Jewish musician and composer in the British Mandate of Palestine and later Israel . The son of a haskalah scholar from Novohrad Volynskyy Samuel Bilansky , Levanon was trained at the conservatory in Mykolaiv , Ukraine . After serving in the Red Army he emigrated in 1919 to British Mandate of Palestine Palestine , where he established himself as a composer and music teacher. His opus includes music for operettas, films including the first Hebrew language talking film, This is the Land zot hi ha aretz , 1935 , instrumental pieces, and children s songs. Yaacov Levanon, who taught in Arab schools in Jerusalem, was commissioned by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Amin al Husayni , to establish a children s orchestra to entertain, among other things, for the holiday Eid ul Fitr . The relationship between them remained cordial until the 1929 Hebron massacre , in which the Mufti played a major role. References http www.cine holocaust.de cgi bin gdq?efw00fbw000434.gd This is the Land Zot hi ha aretz listing, Fritz Bauer Institut http www.ancestors genealogy.com greenberg yaacovbl.html Pictures of Y. Bilansky Levanon http chem.ch.huji.ac.il epr Homepage of Prof. Haim Levanon Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Levanon, Yaacov ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1895 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1965 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Levanon, Yaacov Category 1895 births Category 1965 deaths Category Israeli Jews Category Israeli composers music bio stub ru , uk ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Melitzah is a Middle Ages medieval Hebrew language Hebrew literary device in which a mosaic of fragments and phrases from the Hebrew Bible as well as from rabbinic literature or the liturgy is fitted together to form a new statement of what the author intends to express at the moment. In Hebrew the word melitzah means joke or witticism. Melitzah , in effect, recalls Walter Benjamin s desire to someday write a work composed entirely of quotations. At any rate, it was a literary device employed widely in medieval Hebrew poetry and prose, then through the movement known as Haskalah , Hebrew for enlightenment, and even among nineteenth century writers both modern and traditional. What is so special about this particular literary device is that in melitzah the sentences compounded out of quotations mean what they say but below and beyond the surface they reverberate with associations to the original texts, and this is what makes them psychologically so interesting and valuable. In the transposition of a quotation from the original in this case canonical text to a new one, the meaning of the original context may be retained, altered, or subverted. In any case the original context trails along as an invisible interlinear presence, and the readers, like the writer, must be aware of these associations if they are to savor the new text to the full. A partial analogy may be found in T. S. Eliot s use of quotations in The Waste Land . If he is successful in his use of melitzah , the author will arouse in the reader a particular set of images and associations which will add a certain texture and tone to what is being described the chordal accompaniment, so to speak, to the melodic line. External links An example of the modern, secular use of melitzah is the book http www.archive.org details SignificantMoments Significant Moments written by Gary Freedman exclusively from literary and historical texts. Bibliography Spence, D.P. Narrative Truth and Histori ... more details
Yiddishkeit Yiddish language Yiddish yidishkeyt in standard transcription literally means Jewishness , i.e. a Jewish way of life , in the Yiddish language. It can refer to Judaism or forms of Orthodox Judaism when used by religious or Orthodox Jews. In a more general sense it has come to mean the Jewishness or Jewish essence of Ashkenazi Jews in general and the traditional Yiddish speaking Jews of Eastern and Central Europe in particular. From a more secular perspective it is associated with the popular culture or folk practices of Yiddish speaking Jews, such as popular religious traditions, Eastern European Jewish cuisine Jewish food , Jewish humor Eastern European Jewish humor Yiddish humour , shtetl life, and klezmer music, among other things. Before the Haskalah and the Jewish Emancipation emancipation of Jews in Europe, central to Yiddishkeit were Torah study and Talmud ical studies for men, and a family and communal life governed by the observance of Halakha Jewish Law for men and women. Among Haredi Judaism Haredi Jews of Eastern European descent, who compose the majority of Jews who still speak Yiddish in their every day lives, the word has retained this meaning. ref http www.yiddishkeit.org yiddishkeit.org ref But with secularization , Yiddishkeit has come to encompass not just traditional Jewish religious practice, but a broad range of movements, ideologies, practices, and traditions in which Ashkenazi Jews have participated and retained their sense of Jewishness . Yiddishkeit has been identified in manners of speech, in styles of humor, in patterns of association. Another quality often associated with Yiddishkeit is an emotional attachment and identification with the Jewish people. ref http www.ou.org about judaism yz.htm yiddishkeit ou.org Yiddishkeit ref See also Secular Jewish culture The Joys of Yiddish Yiddishkeit TV show Yiddishkeit TV show Who is a Jew? References reflist External links http www2.trincoll.edu mendele Mendele http www.net ... more details
David Friedrichsfeld c. 1755 &ndash February 19, 1810 was a History of the Jews in Germany German Jewish writer in German language German and Hebrew language Hebrew . Friedrichsfeld was born in Berlin , where he absorbed the scholarship and ideas of the Meassefim . In 1781 he went to Amsterdam , where he was one of the leaders in the fight for the emancipation of the Jews , writing in the promotion of this cause his Beleuchtung ... das B rgerrecht der Juden Betreffend , Amsterdam, 1795, and Appell an die St nde Hollands, etc., ib., 1797. He died in Amsterdam . Besides contributing to the Ha Meassef, he wrote Ma aneh Rak, on the pronunciation of Hebrew among the Sephardim being also a defence of Moses Leman s Imrah erufah, Amsterdam, 1808 and Zeker addi , a biography of Hartwig Wessely , ib. 1809. Some of his works are still in manuscript comp. Steinschneider , Verzeichnis der Hebr. Handschriften der K nigl. Bibliothek zu Berlin, ii., No. 255, pp. 110 et seq. . References Heinrich Gr tz , Gesch. 1st ed., xi. 134, 229 Moritz Steinschneider , Cat. Bodl. col. 987 William Zeitlin , Bibl. Post Mendels. p. 99 JewishEncyclopedia article Friedrichsfeld, David B. Zebi Hirsch url http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 417&letter F author Isidore Singer and H. Brody Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Friedrichsfeld, David ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1810 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Friedrichsfeld, David Category German Jews Category 1810 deaths Category 1750s births Category Haskalah Germany writer stub Judaism stub ... more details
In 1740 Frederick II of Prussia Frederick II , known as Frederick the Great, came to power in the Kingdom of Prussia . Under the rule of the philosophically oriented Frederick II, Berlin gave birth to an intellectual renaissance in which it became one of the most important centers of the Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment in Europe. The city was an important book and press location, as well as the new home of many drama groups. Later, it hosted a National Theatre, the Academy of the Arts and the Academy of Sciences. Central to the Berlin Enlightenment was a learned society of friends known as the Aufkl rer enlighteners , including the publisher and bookseller Friedrich Nicolai , the poet and philosopher Karl Wilhelm Ramler , the philosopher Johann Georg Sulzer , Thomas Abbot , Gotthold Ephraim Lessing , and Moses Mendelssohn . They pursued literary and literary interests, often linked with the goal of civil emancipation at the same time, they were loyal and patriotic to the State of Prussia. The union of the civil enlightenment and the state of Prussia and its King bespoke their underlying national goals, and the advancement of German language and literature. This was also hindered by Frederick II s preference for the French language. People Karl Wilhelm Ramler 1725 1798 Johann Georg Sulzer 1720 1779 Thomas Abbt 1738 1766 Hartwig Wessely 1725 1805 Salomon Maimon 1753 1800 Johann Jakob Engel 1741 1802 Johann Erich Biester 1749 1816 Ernst Ferdinand Klein 1743 1810 Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel der ltere Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel 1741 1796 Julien Offray de La Mettrie 1709 1751 Voltaire 1694 1778 Karl Philipp Moritz 1756 1793 Philipp Buttmann 1764 1829 See also Berliner Mittwochsgesellschaft Frederick the Great Haskalah References di Giovanni, George, http plato.stanford.edu entries friedrich jacobi Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi , The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Spring 2010 Edition , Edward N. Zalta ed. Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, George Di Giovanni 1994 . http book ... more details
Julius F rst also Julius Furst b. 12 May 1805 d. 9 February 1873 , was a Jewish German people German oriental studies orientalist . F rst was a distinguished scholar of Semitic languages and literature. During his years as chairman of the department of Oriental languages and literature at the University of Leipzig 1864 1873 , he wrote major works on literary history and linguistics . His most important scholarly works include the Bibliotheca Judaica Leipzig, 1849 1863 , Kultur and Literaturgeschichte der Juden in Asien Cultural and literary history of Jews in Asia, 1849 , several dictionaries as well as numerous contributions to the periodical Der Orient Leipzig 1840 1851 , whose chief editor he was. Der Orient was mainly devoted to scientific study of the language, literature and history of the Jews. Bibliography Julius F rst, Bibliotheca Judaica . 1 3, Leipzig 1863. External links http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 460&letter F JewishEncyclopedia Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Furst, Julius ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 12 May 1805 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 9 February 1873 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Furst, Julius Category 1805 births Category 1873 deaths Category German orientalists Category Jewish scientists Category German Jews Category Bibliographers of Hebrew literature Category Haskalah de Julius F rst Orientalist fr Julius F rst he ja ... more details
Herz Wessely Witzhausen Aaron Wolfsohn . See also Biurists Haskalah External links http www.pbs.org ...?artid 311&letter M Category Hebrew language Category Haskalah de Ha Meassef he ... more details
Solomon Rubin born in Dolina , Galicia Central Europe Galicia , April 3, 1823 was a Neo Hebrew author from Galicia Central Europe Galicia . Life He was educated for the rabbinate , but, being attracted by Haskalah and modern learning, he entered upon a business career which lasted about five years. This proving unsuccessful, he went to Lviv Lemberg , where he studied bookkeeping at a technical institute, and also acquired a knowledge of German, French and Italian. After serving two years in the Austrian army he attempted to establish himself in Lemberg as a teacher but persecution due to his liberal views made his position untenable, and he went to Romania , at that time a very favorable field for active and enterprising Galician Jews. He secured a good position in a commercial establishment in Gala i , which enabled him to devote his evenings to his favorite studies. In 1859 Rubin returned to Galicia and became principal of a school for Jewish boys in Bolechow . He went to Russia in 1863, where he was engaged as a private tutor in a wealthy Jewish family of Ostroh Ostrog , Volhynia , with which he went to Vienna in 1865. There he met Peter Smolenskin , who was then in despair owing to the difficulty of continuing the publication of Ha Sha ar . Rubin promised him to write a complete work for that publication every year and he kept his promise even after his personal relations with Smolenskin had become somewhat strained. The years 1870 and 1871 were spent by Rubin as a private tutor in Naples, Italy, and from 1873 to 1878 he lived in the same capacity in the household of Jacob Poliakov in Taganrog , Russia. He then returned to Vienna, whence in 1895 he removed to Krak w . Works Rubin is one of the most prolific of Neo Hebrew writers and one of the most enthusiastic and persistent champions of haskalah . Most of his literary labors are directed against superstitious customs and beliefs but his method is unique among writers of his class for he neither ridicules such ... more details
. Haskalah , the Jewish movement supporting the adoption of enlightenment values, advocated an expansion of Jewish rights within European society. Haskalah followers advocated coming out of the ghetto ... date April 2012 1911 Portugal 1917 Russia 1923 Romania See also Haskalah References Reflist Bibliography ... Jews and Judaism DEFAULTSORT Jewish Emancipation Category Haskalah Category Jewish political status ... more details
In the eighteenth century, the Haskalah Jewish enlightenment movement worked to achieve Jewish emancipation ... center for the Haskalah in the nineteenth century, and the best known among the Haskalah writers ... 1860 , who was one of the few female writers in the Haskalah movement, and whose poems have been described ... century included the poet and mathematician Jacob Eichenbaum 1796 1861 the Haskalah leader Isaac ... more details
from Its Origins to the Haskalah Period KTAV, 1975 , p. 51ff. ref Other medieval Jewish literature ... of the Haskalah and broke with religious traditions about literature. Therefore, it can be distinguished ... Luzzatto s. In Germany , the leader of the Haskalah movement Naphtali Hartwig Wessely 1725 1805 ... . Writers in Amsterdam included the poet Samuel Molder 1789 1862 . Writers in Prague included the haskalah ... empire included the poet Jacob Eichenbaum the Haskalah leader Isaac Baer Levinsohn Kalman ... more details
is the Digital Haskalah Library project ref cite web url http www.ochjs.ac.uk mullerlibrary digital library haskalah.html title Digital Haskalah Leopold Muller Memorial Library publisher Ochjs.ac.uk accessdate ... digital library haskalah.html Digital Haskalah Library website Category Departments of the University ... more details
of Haskalah editor, with Shmuel Feiner , Jerusalem, the Hebrew University Magnes Press, 2005 ... haskalah literature portrayal of women http www.yivoencyclopedia.org article.aspx Land of Israel http ... more details
papo.htm ref Haskalah Musar literature In Europe, significant contributions to Musar literature were made by leaders of the Haskalah . ref Shmuel Feiner, David Jan Sorkin, New perspectives on the Haskalah ... more details
countries. It was received with unbounded enthusiasm. Thousands of young men in sympathy with the Haskalah ... personality as by his literary efforts, and was recognized in his later years as the pioneer of haskalah ... more details
until 1896. Hasidic and Haskalah literature Hasidic Stories Image Martin Buber.jpg thumb 160px ..., were parodied by Haskalah Yiddish literature. Hasidic Parables Image Johnny Gruelle illustration ... Nachman s Tales, the only religious figure in the subsequent development ref Haskalah File Issac Baer Levinsohn.png thumb 120px right Isaac Baer Levinsohn 1788 1860 , Russian Hebrew scholar and Haskalah leader. As the Russian Moses Mendelssohn Mendelssohn , he spread Haskalah ideas in the Pale ... influential secular movement of Jews also appeared in the form of the Haskalah . This movement ... of the Haskalah era, Serkele. His satiric style shows the influence of European drama one scholar speculates ... Person . Abramovitsh had previously written in Hebrew, the language in which many proponents of the Haskalah ... of Haskalah literature with his attack on superstition and outmoded traditions such as arranged marriage ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Abraham Baer Gottlober.jpg thumb Avrom Ber Gotlober January 14, 1811, Starokonstantinov , Volhynia April 12, 1899, Bia ystok was a Jewish writer, poet, playwright, historian, journalist and educator. He mostly wrote in Hebrew language Hebrew , but also wrote poetry and dramas in Yiddish . His first collection was published in 1835. Gotlober s last name is often transliterated as Gottlober. He was widely known by his initials, ABG, which in Hebrew and Yiddish are the first three letters, alef bet giml. ABG was a maskil, a leader in the haskalah , the nineteenth century Jewish Enlightenment in Russia and Eastern Europe. While his literary output is no longer widely known, he was important for several reasons As a teacher in the state sponsored schools for Jews, where he taught and influenced two founders of Yiddish literature Mendele Mocher Sforim , whom Sholom Aleichem called the zeyde grandfather of us all , and Abraham Goldfaden , the founder of the professional Yiddish theater. As a historian who wrote histories of the Karaite s Bikoret le toldot ha Karaim and of the Hasidism and Kabbalah Toldot ha Kabalah veha Hasidut that are still cited by scholars. As a social observer and memoirist, who had the fortune to live long enough to describe the social and political conditions of the 1820s and 1830s for audiences of the 1880s. Scholars widely cite his memoirs Zikhronot u masaot, or Memoirs and Travels , his contribution to Sholom Aleichem s Yudishe Folks Bibliothek, and his articles in his own periodical Ha Boker Or The Morning Light and in other periodicals. Works dos shtrayml mitn kapelyush dos groyse kints, oder dos bisele mints dos lid funem kugl Pirhe ha aviv ha Nitsanim Anaf ets avot Igeret Bikkeret Bikoret le toldot ha Karaim Mizmor le todah Tiferet li vene binah Igeret tsaar baale hayim Der seim Toldot ha Kabalah veha Hasidut Kol rinah vi yeshuah be ohole tsadikim Der Dektukh Hizaharu bi vene ha aniyim Orot m ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Yitzkhok Yoel Linetzky 1839&ndash 1915 was a Yiddish language author and early Zionism Zionist . Sol Liptzin characterized him as a master of the picturesque vitriolic phrase. Liptzin, 1972, 46 Life He was raised a Hasidic Judaism Hasidic Jew in Vinnytsia , Podolia now in Ukraine , but revolted against his violent schoolteachers and Kabbalah cabalist father by aligning himself with the Haskalah , the Jewish Enlightenment. His father tried to offset this development by marrying him at the age of fourteen to a twelve year old girl he drew her away from Hasidism and Kaballah, and his father forced him to divorce and remarry, this time to what Liptzin describes as a deaf, moronic woman . Linetzky ran away to Odessa , Ukraine, where he acquired a secular education. Attempting to leave for Germany to continue his education, he was stopped at the border and brought back, a virtual prisoner, to Vinitza. At 23, he managed again to escape, this time to the government sponsored rabbi nical academy at Zhytomyr , where he developed a close friendship with Abraham Goldfaden . Like Goldfaden and several other Yiddish language writers of his generation, he came to prominence in the 1860s as a writer for Kol Mevasser like several others, he had first published in its Hebrew language sister publication Hamelitz . With Goldfaden, he was later involved in several Yiddish language newspapers, including as joint editors of the short lived weekly Yisrolik July 1875&ndash February 1876 almost immediately before Goldfaden founded the first professional Yiddish theater troupe. The pogrom s following the 1881 assassination of Czar Alexander II of Russia made Linetzky into an early Zionism Zionist . His 1882 booklet America or Israel aligned him with the Hovevei Zion movement, active in the Jewish colonization of Palestine . Works His semi autobiographical picaresque novel, Dos Polishe Yingel The Polish Lad , an outright attack on the Hasidim, first appeared in instal ... more details
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