Image Rattlesnake hemipene.jpg thumb 150px An everted hemipenis of a North American rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus . A hemipenis plural hemipenes is one of a pair of intromittent organ s of male squamata squamate s snake s, lizard s and amphisbaenia worm lizard s . ref cite web url http www.anapsid.org hemipenes.html title Hemipenes format work accessdate ref ref cite journal author Holmes MM, Putz O, Crews D, Wade J title Normally occurring intersexuality and testosterone induced plasticity in the copulatory system of adult leopard geckos journal Horm Behav volume 47 issue 4 pages 439 45 year 2005 month April pmid 15777809 doi 10.1016 j.yhbeh.2004.11.020 url ref Hemipenes are usually held inverted, within the body, and are everted for reproduction via erectile tissue , much like that in the human penis . ref cite web url http www.greenigsociety.org anatomy.htm title Iguana Anatomy format work accessdate ref Only one is used at a time, and some evidence indicates males alternate use between copulation s Citation needed date July 2011 . The hemipenis itself has a variety of shapes, depending on species. Often, the hemipenis bears spines or hooks, in order to anchor the male within the female. Some species even have forked hemipenes each hemipenis has two tips . Due to being everted and inverted, hemipenes do not have a completely enclosed channel for the conduction of sperm , but rather a seminal groove which seals as the erectile tissue expands. The word hemipenis plural hemipenes comes from the word hemi , meaning half, and penis . See also File Rattlesnake Hemipenes.jpg thumb 150px Hemipenes on the western diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox . Snake Reproduction Reproduction of snakes Notes reflist External links Commons category inline Category Sexual anatomy Category Squamata reptile stub Link GA de cs Hemipenis de Hemipenis es Hemipene fr H mip nis it Emipene la Hemipenis nl Hemipenis pt Hemip nis sv Hemipenis ... more details
An intromittent organ is a general term for an external organ of a male organism that is specialized to deliver sperm during Sexual intercourse copulation . Intromittent organs are found most often in terrestrial species, as most aquatic species fertilize their eggs External fertilization externally , although there are exceptions. Species with intromittent organs Invertebrates Male cephalopod s have a specialized arm, the hectocotylus , which is inserted into the female s mantle cavity to deliver a spermatophore during copulation. In some species, the hectocotylus breaks off inside the female s mantle cavity in others, it can be used repeatedly to copulate with different females. Insects Male insects possess an aedeagus , whose function is directly analogous to that of the vertebrate penis. Some insects also have valva claspers . Male moths have an additional organ called the juxta , which supports the aedeagus. Image Black Molly 3 Male.jpg thumb right 200px Gonopodium of a black molly Poecilia sphenops . Fish In male members of Chondrichthyes shark s and Batoidea rays , as well as now extinct Placodermi placoderms , the Fish anatomy Types of fin pelvic fins bear specialized valva claspers . During copulation, one clasper is inserted into the female s cloaca , and sperm is flushed by the male s body through a groove into the female. Members of Poeciliidae are small fishes that give birth to live young. In males, the anal fin is shaped into a grooved, rod shaped organ called a gonopodium used to deliver sperm to females. Tetrapods In lizard s and snake s, males possess paired hemipenis hemipenes , each of which is usually grooved to allow sperm transport and spiny or rough at the tip to allow firm attachment to the female. To become erect, a hemipenis is evaginated turned inside out through muscle action and engorgement with blood. Only one is inserted into the female s cloaca at a time. In some turtle s, crocodile s, some bird s, and mammal s, males possess a penis ... more details
Taxobox name Indian Smooth Snake image CoronellaBrachyuraSmith.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata subordo Serpentes familia Colubridae genus Coronella species C. brachyura binomial Coronella brachyura binomial authority G nther, 1866 Indian Smooth Snake Coronella brachyura is a species of snake found in India. Description The following description is based on Malcolm Smith s The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma . Reptilia and Batrachia volume p. 195 Nostril large, between two nasals internasals 0.3 to 0.5 as long as the prefrontals frontal nearly as broad as long, in contact with a large preocular loreal longer than high 2 postoculars temporals 2 2 8 supralabials, 4th and 5th touching the eye anterior genials larger than the posterior, the latter separated by two or three series of small scales. Scales in 23 23 19 rows ventrals large, rounded tail rather short. Ventrals 200 224 Caudals 46 53 Anals 1. Hemipenis extending to the 13th caudal plate, not forked. The distal half is calyculate, the cups being large and with scalloped edges the proximal half is spinose, two or three spines at the base being much larger than the others bad specimen . Olive brown above, with indistinct light variegations on the anterior half of the body and head lower parts whitish. Total length males 515, tail 75 females 460, tail 55 mm. Range. Northern India. Poona district and Visapur, near Bombay S.E. Berar. A rare snake. References G nther,A. 1866 Fifth account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 3 18 24 29 External links NRDB species genus Coronella species brachyura date 12 December year 2007 http itgmv1.fzk.de www itg uetz herp photos Coronella brachyura.jpg http itgmv1.fzk.de www itg uetz herp photos Coronella brachyura2.jpg http itgmv1.fzk.de www itg uetz herp photos Coronella brachyura3.jpg Category Colubrids Colubrids stub fr Coronella brachyura ... more details
Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata subordo Lacertilia familia Chamaeleonidae subfamilia Chamaeleoninae genus Nadzikambia genus authority Tilbury, Tolley & Branch, 2006 There are currently two species in the recently established genus Nadzikambia derived from the species name in Chichewa language Chichewa . They are plesiomorph ic, small chameleons from the Ruo Gorge forest on Mount Mulanje in Malawi and Mount Mabu in Mozambique . Initially placed into Chamaeleo , it was for some time moved to the South African dwarf chameleon s Bradypodion by some Klaver & B hme, 1986 . This was criticized because plesiomorphies cannot be used to define clade s, and eventually turned out to be in error Tolley et al. 2004 . Species Mount Mabu Chameleon , Nadzikambia baylissi Mlanje Mountain Chameleon , Nadzikambia mlanjensis References aut Klaver, C.J.J. & B hme, W. 1986 Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae Sauria with special reference to hemipenis morphology. Bonner Zoologische Monographien 22 1 64. aut Tolley, Krystal A. Tilbury, Colin R. & Branch, William R. 2004 Phylogenetics of the southern African dwarf chameleons, Bradypodion Squamata Chamaeleonidae . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30 354 365. small doi 10.1016 S1055 7903 03 00211 2 small http academic.sun.ac.za botzoo tolley tolley 20et 20al 20MPE 202004.pdf PDF fulltext aut Tolley, Krystal A. Tilbury, Colin R. & Branch, William R. 2007 Corrections to species names recently placed in Kinyongia and Nadzikambia Reptilia Chamaeleonidae . Zootaxa 1426 68. Category Chameleons chameleon stub fr Nadzikambia mlanjense nl Nadzikambia mlanjensis no Nadzikambia pl Nadzikambia ... more details
Italics title Taxobox name White throated monitor image Whitethroatedmonitor.jpg image width 250px regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Sauropsida ordo Squamata subordo Scleroglossa familia Varanidae genus Varanus species Varanus albigularis V. albigularis subspecies V. albigularis albigularis binomial Varanus albigularis albigularis binomial authority Fran ois Marie Daudin Daudin , 1802 ref name FMD Daudin, F. M. 1802 . Histoire Naturelle, g nerale et particuli redes reptiles, ouvrage faisant suite, a l histoiure naturelle, g n rale et particuli re compos e par LECLERC DE BUFFON, et redig e par C. S. SONNINI , vol. 3. F. Dufart, Paris. ref The white throated monitor Varanus albigularis albigularis is a lizard found in southern Africa . They are usually gray brown with yellowish or white markings, and can reach up to 2 meters in length. It is found in Southern Africa, northwards to Angola , Zambia and Mozambique . Taxonomy First described by Fran ois Marie Daudin in 1802, ref name FMD these lizards were previously classed as a subspecies of Savannah monitor Varanus exanthematicus , but have since been declared a distinct species based upon differences in hemipenis hemipenal morphology biology morphology . ref Bohme, W. 1991 . New finding on the hemipenal morphology of monitor lizards and their systematic implications . Mertensiella, 2, 42 49. ref The genus generic name Varanus is derived from the Arabic language Arabic word waral , which is translated to English as monitor . Their species specific name comes from a compound of two Latin words albus meaning white and gula meaning throat . References reflist External links http www.oaklandzoo.org meet the animals white throated monitor White throated monitor , Oakland Zoo http www.honoluluzoo.org monitor lizard white throated.htm White throated monitor lizards , Honolulu Zoo lizard stub Category Monitor lizards Category Pet lizards es Varanus albigularis albigularis ... more details
Taxobox image image width 200px status regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata familia Chamaeleonidae genus Brookesia species B. peyrierasi binomial Brookesia peyrierasi binomial authority Brygoo & Domergue, 1975 Brookesia peyrierasi is a diminutive chameleon from north eastern Madagascar . It is known commonly as Peyrieras Pygmy Chameleon. Similar species A 1999 paper in the Journal of Zoology disputed a 1995 paper which considered this species and Brookesia tuberculata B. tuberculata to be the same species as Brookesia minima B. minima . The later paper discussed the same details as the first subtle morphology biology morphological differences in the hemipenis es of the respective species and determined they were not conspecific. They also found differences in the arrangement of head crests and in minute spines above the eyes. ref name camb http journals.cambridge.org action displayAbstract jsessionid 7CC3E9827877A2697A31C7449AECEAC5.tomcat1?fromPage online&aid 41369 Journal of Zoology 1999 , 247 225 238 Cambridge University Pres ref Bibliography Klaver, C. & W. Boehme. 1997. Chamaeleonidae. Das Tierreich , 112 i xiv 1 85. Verlag Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, New York. Martin, J., 1992. Masters of Disguise A Natural History of Chameleons . Facts On File, Inc., New York, NY. Necas, P. 1999. Chameleons Nature s Hidden Jewels . Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Brookesia Peyrierasi Category Brookesia Category Reptiles of Madagascar Category Animals described in 1975 chameleon stub fr Brookesia peyrierasi ... more details
Taxobox image status regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata subordo Lacertilia familia Chamaeleonidae genus Brookesia species B. tuberculata binomial Brookesia tuberculata binomial authority Mocquard, 1900 synonyms Brookesia tuberculata is a diminutive chameleon from far northern Madagascar . Similar species A 1999 paper in the Journal of Zoology disputed a 1995 paper which considered this species and Brookesia peyrierasi B. peyrierasi to be the same species as Brookesia minima B. minima . The later paper discussed the same details as the first subtle morphology biology morphological differences in the hemipenis es of the respective species and determined they were not conspecific. They also found differences in the arrangement of head crests and in minute spines above the eyes. ref cite journal last Glaw first Frank coauthors Miguel Vences, Thomas Ziegler, Wolfgang B hme, J rn K hler title Specific distinctness and biogeography of the dwarf chameleons Brookesia minima, B. peyrierasi and B. tuberculata Reptilia Chamaeleonidae evidence from hemipenial and external morphology journal Journal of Zoology year 1999 volume 247 issue 2 pages 225 238 url http journals.cambridge.org action displayAbstract jsessionid 7CC3E9827877A2697A31C7449AECEAC5.tomcat1?fromPage online&aid 41369 ref Bibliography Klaver, C. & W. Boehme. 1997. Chamaeleonidae. Das Tierreich , 112 i xiv 1 85. Verlag Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, New York. Martin, J., 1992. Masters of Disguise A Natural History of Chameleons . Facts On File, Inc., New York, NY. Necas, P. 1999. Chameleons Nature s Hidden Jewels . Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL. References reflist Category Brookesia Category Reptiles of Madagascar chameleon stub fr Brookesia tuberculata ... more details
Taxobox name Mlanje Mountain Chameleon status NE status system iucn3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata subordo Lacertilia familia Chamaeleonidae subfamilia Chamaeleoninae genus Nadzikambia species N. mlanjensis binomial Nadzikambia mlanjensis binomial authority Broadley, 1965 synonyms Bradypodion mlanjense br Chamaeleo mlanjense br Nadzikambia mlanjense The Mlanje Mountain Chameleon , Nadzikambia mlanjensis , is presently one of two species in the recently established genus Nadzikambia derived from the species name in Chichewa language Chichewa . It is a plesiomorph ic, small chamaeleon from the Ruo Gorge forest on Mount Mulanje in Malawi . Initially placed into Chamaeleo , it was for some time moved to the South African dwarf chameleon s Bradypodion by some Klaver & B hme, 1986 . This was criticized because plesiomorphies cannot be used to define clade s, and eventually turned out to be in error Tolley et al. 2004 . References aut Klaver, C.J.J. & B hme, W. 1986 Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae Sauria with special reference to hemipenis morphology. Bonner Zoologische Monographien 22 1 64. aut Tolley, Krystal A. Tilbury, Colin R. & Branch, William R. 2004 Phylogenetics of the southern African dwarf chameleons, Bradypodion Squamata Chamaeleonidae . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30 354 365. small doi 10.1016 S1055 7903 03 00211 2 small http academic.sun.ac.za botzoo tolley tolley 20et 20al 20MPE 202004.pdf PDF fulltext aut Tolley, Krystal A. Tilbury, Colin R. & Branch, William R. 2007 Corrections to species names recently placed in Kinyongia and Nadzikambia Reptilia Chamaeleonidae . Zootaxa 1426 68. http www.chameleoninfo.com Species Profiles.html Category Chameleons chameleon stub fr Nadzikambia mlanjense nl Nadzikambia mlanjensis no Nadzikambia pl Nadzikambia ... more details
K ln isbn 3 929449 01 3 . ref Males are also more slender than females, and exhibit a hemipenis ... the same details as the first subtle morphology biology morphological differences in the hemipenis ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Rhacodactylus image Gekkoninae Rhacodactylus ciliatus orange.png image caption Rhacodactylus ciliatus regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Reptile Reptilia ordo Squamata subordo Lacertilia familia Gekkonidae subfamilia Diplodactylinae genus Rhacodactylus subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text. Rhacodactylus is a genus of medium to large gecko s of the subfamily Diplodactylinae . All species in this genus are found on the island s that make up New Caledonia . Genus characteristics include long limbs and toes with well developed Lamella zoology lamellae . Some webbing occurs on the hind limbs and toes. Rhacodactylus possess prehensile tail s which also have lamellae to assist in climbing. These are for the most part arboreal geckos. Rhacodactylus are nocturnal geckos. The species are oviparous egg layers with the exception of Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus which gives Vivipary live birth . Rhacodactylus geckos are sexually dimorphic , with the males possessing larger preanal pores than the females as well as a distinct hemipenis pocket. With the exception of Rhacodactylus auriculatus , Males tend to be stockier than females. in R. auriculatus the males are much slimmer than the females. Classification Gargoyle Gecko, Rhacodactylus auriculatus Bavay s Giant Gecko, Rhacodactylus chahoua Crested Gecko, Rhacodactylus ciliatus New Caledonia Giant Gecko, Rhacodactylus leachianus Rhacodactylus leachianus aubrianus Rhacodactylus leachianus henkeli Rhacodactylus leachianus leachianus Roux s Giant Gecko or Suras Gecko, Rhacodactylus sarasinorum Tough snouted Giant Gecko, Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus trachycephalus Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus trachyrhynchus Literature Robert Seipp, Friedrich Wilhelm Henkel Rhacodactylus Biologie, Haltung und Zucht mit einem Anhang der Geckoarten Neukaledoniens von Robert Seipp, Friedrich Wilhelm Henkel . Frankfurt am Main Edition Chimaira, 2000. ISBN 3 930612 23 2 Phillip ... more details
Taxobox name Calamaria Reed Snake regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata subordo Serpentes familia Colubridae genus Liopeltis species L. calamaria binomial Liopeltis calamaria binomial authority G nther, 1858 Calamaria Reed Snake Liopeltis calamaria is a species of snake found in Sri Lanka and India. Description The following description is from Malcolm A. Smith s The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma . Reptilia and Batrachia volume, page 184 185 . Maxillary teeth 24 26 head not depressed and fairly distinct from the neck snout not projecting, not twice as long as the eye nostril very small and in a long undivided nasal, which is united with the loreal normally 7 supralabials, rarely only 6, 3rd and 4th touching the eye anterior genials a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 15 15 rows. Ventrals 126 142 in the male and 130 154 in the female Caudals 68 78 in males and 53 72 in the females. Hemipenis like that of frenatus in general construction, but the calyces smaller, more deeply scalloped, and packed so closely together that only the papillae are visible on the surface the spines are shorter, thicker and more numerous there is a fold. Light brown, greyish brown or greenish, above, the scales usually edged with black, showing as more or less distinct longitudinal lines, the most conspicuous being one on each side of the vertebral region they are separated from each other by five rows of scales. The area enclosed between them may be of a darker colour than that of the rest of the body lower parts whitish yellow in life a series of dark spots on each side of the head, the remnants of the temporal stripes. Total length of male 335mm tail 108mm females 390mm long with the tail of 100mm. Found in Sri Lanka, the Western Ghats as far North as Matheran Tirunelveli Hills, Mysore Plateau, Bangalore, Almora district, Chhota Nagpur Surguja . References Boulenger, George A. 1890 The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Jerdon s Sea Snake regnum Animal ia image KeriliaJerdoniSmith.jpg phylum Chordata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata subordo Serpentes familia Hydrophiidae genus Kerilia species K. jerdonii binomial Kerilia jerdonii binomial authority Gray, 1849 Jerdon s Sea Snake Kerilia jerdonii is a species of Hydrophiidae sea snake . Description See snake scales for terms used M. A. Smith 1943 describes the species as follows ref Smith, M. A. 1943. Fauna of British India. Reptiles. p. 447 ref Head short, snout declivous and much narrowed anteriorly e moderate rostral as high as broad prefrontals small, usually not in contact with the supralabials frontal much longer than broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout 1 pre and 1 postocular 6 supralabials, the last often confluent with the single anterior temporal, the 3rd and 4th touching the eye 7 8 infralabials,the first three in contact with the genials, both pairs of which are well developed and in contact with one another. 17 scale rows on the neck. 21 or 23, rarely 19, at mid body, imbricate and strongly keeled Ventrals 225 253 for specimens from the coasts of India and Gulf of Siam 247 278 for 11 exampl from Cap St. Jacques and S. Annam fide Bourret, p. 25 . Hemipenis forked near the tip it is spinose throughout, the spines being of moderate size, closely set and becoming slightly larger as they approach the proximal end. Olive above, yellowish or white beneath, with black dorsal spots or rhombs which extend round the body to form complete bands in the young intermediate dorsal spots or bans are usually present. Examples from the Hay of Bengal have 19 or 21 scales at mid body and the dorsal bars number from 30 38 typical form . Examples from the Gulf of Siam have usually 21 or 23 scales at mid body and the dorsal bars number from 34 K. j. siamensis . Total length 1 m, tail 100 mm. Distribution Indian Ocean Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar Burma , Mergui Archipelago , Coast of Taiw ... more details
Taxobox name Carpenter s chameleon image regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Reptile Reptilia ordo Squamata familia Chamaeleonidae subfamilia Chamaeleoninae genus Kinyongia species K. carpenteri binomial Kinyongia carpenteri binomial authority Parker, 1929 synonyms Chamaeleo carpenteri br Bradypodion carpenteri Carpenter s Chameleon , Kinyongia carpenteri Parker, 1929 is a species with a distribution limited to the mountain highlands on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . ref Parker, H. W. 1929. A new Chamaeleon from Mt. Ruwenzori. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10 3 280 281. ref The species name honors the type specimen s collector, Geoffrey Douglas Hale Carpenter Dr. G. D. Hale Carpenter . ref H. W. Parker. 1929. A new Chameleon from Mt. Ruwenzori. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10 3 280 281. ref Originally named in the genus Chamaeleo , the species was moved into the genus Bradypodion prior to its current classification. ref Klaver, C. J. J., & W. B hme. 1986. Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae Sauria with special reference to hemipenis morphology. Bonner Zoologische Monographien 22 1 64. ref ref Necas, P. 1999. Chameleons Nature s Hidden Jewels . Frankfurt Edition Chimaira. 348 pp. ISBN 3 930612 04 6 Europe ISBN 1 57524 137 4 USA, Canada . ref ref Tolley, K. A., C. R. Tilbury, W. R. Branch, & C. A. Matthee. 2004. Phylogenetics of the southern African dwarf chameleons, Bradypodion Squamata Chamaeleonidae . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30 354 365, http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S1055790303002112. ref With the move into the genus Kinyongia , the masculine ending to the Specific name zoology specific epithet of this species and others in the genus need to be modified to match the Grammatical gender feminine genus name. ref Tilbury, C. R., K. A. Tolley, & W. R. Branch. 2006. A review of the systematics of the genus Bradypodion Sauria Chamaeleonidae , with the descr ... more details
ic hemipenis . ref Klaver & B hme 1986 , Branch 1998 ref Alternatively, many of the present .... 1986 Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae Sauria with special reference to hemipenis ... more details
Automatic taxobox name Lepidosaurians fossil range Triassic Recent, Fossil range 250 0 image Coachella Valley Fringe toed Lizard.JPG image caption A Coachella Valley Fringe toed Lizard authority subdivision ranks Order biology Orders subdivision Squamata Sphenodontia The Lepidosauria from Greek meaning scaled lizards are reptile s with overlapping scales. This subclass includes Squamata and Sphenodontidae . It is a monophyletic group and therefore contains all descendents of a common ancestor. The squamata includes snake s, lizard s, and amphisbaenia . The Sphenodontidae are now only represented by two species of Tuatara native to New Zealand although they were much more widespread and varied 200 million years ago. Lepidosauria is the sister taxon to Archosauria , which includes Aves and Crocodilia . The only surviving tuataras are the family Sphenodontidae, genus Sphenodon. Lizards and snakes are the most speciose group of Lepidosaurs and combined contain about 7,970 species. ref name ref1 Vidal, Nicolas and S. Blair Hedges. The Molecular Evolutionary Tree of Lizards, Snakes, and Amphisbaenians. C.R. Biologies. 332 2209 129 139. ref However, the tuatara, which is found in New Zealand, has only two remaining species. There are noticeable distinguishing morphological differences between lizards, tuataras, and snakes. Diagnosis File Katoomba Hand of skink edited.jpg thumb The foot of a skink , showing lepidosaurs characteristic overlapping scale zoology scales The reptiles in the subclass Lepidosauria can be distinguished from other reptiles by a variety of characteristics. First, the males have evolved a hemipenis instead of a single penis with erectile tissue that is found in crocodilians , birds , mammals , and turtles . The hemipenis can be found in the base of the tail. The tuatara has not fully evolved the hemipenis, but instead has shallow paired outpocketings of the posterior wall of the cloaca that have been determined to be precursors to the hemipenis. ref n ... more details
Taxobox name Hypnale nepa regnum Animalia phylum Chordata subphylum Vertebrata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata subordo Serpentes familia Viperidae subfamilia Crotalinae genus Hypnale species H. nepa binomial Hypnale nepa binomial authority Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti Laurenti , 1768 synonyms Coluber nepa Laurenti, 1768 Hypnale nepa G nther, 1864 Crotalus Hypnale nepa Higgins, 1873 Ancistrodon nepa M.A. Smith, 1937 Agkistrodon nepa Taylor, 1950 Hypnale nepa Gloyd, 1977 ref name McD99 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Tour T. 1999. Snake Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists League. 511 pp. ISBN 1 893777 00 6 series . ISBN 1 893777 01 4 volume . ref Common names Sri Lankan hump nosed viper. ref name G&C90 Gloyd HK, Conant R. 1990. Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. LCCN 89 50342. ISBN 0 916984 20 6. ref Hypnale nepa is a venomous snake venomous Crotalinae pitviper species found in Sri Lanka . Relatively small, they are distinguished by a strongly upturned snout. No subspecies are currently recognized. ref name ITIS ITIS id 634894 taxon Hypnale nepa accessdate 8 August 2008 ref Description Adults grow to a total length of 30 35 cm. According to Wall 1921 , the maximum recorded lengths are for a male of 38.7 cm and a female of 38.1 cm. According to Deraniyagala 1955 , the largest specimen in the Colombo museum was 39.2 cm in total length with a tail measuring 5.9 cm. In general, the tail is 13 18 of total body length. The body is moderately slender with a head that is conspicuously distinct from the neck. ref name G&C90 This species is distinguished from Hypnale hypnale H. hypnale by a snout that has a strongly upturned tip. This is due to an extended rostral scale , which is immediately followed by a raised wartlike hump covered with 7 14 very small scales. Also, the Hemipenis hemipenes have clearly visible spines. ref n ... more details
Taxobox name Hypnale walli regnum Animalia phylum Chordata subphylum Vertebrata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata subordo Serpentes familia Viperidae subfamilia Crotalinae genus Hypnale species H. walli binomial Hypnale walli binomial authority Howard K. Gloyd Gloyd , 1977 synonyms Ancistrodon hypnale Boulenger, 1896 Ancistrodon millardi Wall, 1921 Ancistrodon nepa M.A. Smith, 1943 Agkistrodon nepa Deraniyagala, 1955 Hypnale walli Gloyd, 1977 ref name McD99 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Tour T. 1999. Snake Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists League. 511 pp. ISBN 1 893777 00 6 series . ISBN 1 893777 01 4 volume . ref Common names Wall s hump nosed viper. ref name G&C90 Gloyd HK, Conant R. 1990. Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. LCCN 89 50342. ISBN 0 916984 20 6. ref Hypnale walli is a venomous snake venomous Crotalinae pitviper species found in Sri Lanka . The smallest member member of its genus, it is distinguished by having a strongly upturned nose and lower scale counts. No subspecies are currently recognized. ref name ITIS ITIS id 634895 taxon Hypnale walli accessdate 8 August 2008 ref Description The smallest member of the genus Hypnale , the only male with a complete tail measured 30.5 cm in length with a tail of 4.3 cm 14 of total length , while the largest female was 28.3 cm in total length with a tail of 3.5 cm. The body is stoutly built. ref name G&C90 This species is distinguished from Hypnale hypnale H. hypnale by a snout that has a strongly upturned tip. This is due to an extended rostral scale , which is immediately followed by a raised wartlike hump covered 10 minute scales. Also, the Hemipenis hemipenes have clearly visible spines. It is distinguished from Hypnale nepa H. nepa by its lower scale counts. ref name G&C90 The scalation includes 17 rows of dorsal scales at midbody that that usually lack Kee ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Rock monitor image Whitethroatedmonitor.jpg image width regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Sauropsida ordo Squamata subordo Scleroglossa familia Varanidae genus Varanus subgenus V. Polydaedalus species V. albigularis binomial Varanus albigularis binomial authority Fran ois Marie Daudin Daudin , 1802 ref name FMD Daudin, F. M. 1802 . Histoire Naturelle, g nerale et particuli redes reptiles, ouvrage faisant suite, a l histoiure naturelle, g n rale et particuli re compos e par LECLERC DE BUFFON, et redig e par C. S. SONNINI , vol. 3. F. Dufart, Paris. ref ref name ITIS ITIS id 716498 taxon Varanus albigularis accessdate 22 August 2008 ref The rock monitor Varanus albigularis , also called the legavaan or white throated monitor , is a species of monitor lizard found in southern Africa . It is the second longest lizard found on the continent of Africa and the heaviest bodied. Taxonomy First described by Fran ois Marie Daudin in 1802, ref name FMD these lizards were previously classified as a subspecies of Savannah monitor Varanus exanthematicus , ref name mistake Laurent,R.F. 1964. A new subspecies of Varanus exanthematicus Sauria, Varanidae . Breviora 199 1&ndash 5 ref but have since been declared a distinct species based upon differences in hemipenis hemipenal morphology biology morphology . ref Bohme, W. 1991 . New finding on the hemipenal morphology of monitor lizards and their systematic implications . Mertensiella, 2, 42&ndash 49. ref The genus generic name Varanus is derived from the Arabic language Arabic word waral , which is translated to English as monitor . Their species specific name comes from a compound of two Latin words albus meaning white and gula meaning throat . There are four subspecies . White throated monitor, Varanus albigularis albigularis Angola white throated monitor, Varanus albigularis angolensis Tanzanian white throated monitor, Varanus albigularis microstictus Black throated monitor, Varanus albigularis io ... more details
Taxobox name Black tree monitor ref name ITIS ITIS id 716501 taxon Varanus beccarii accessdate 28 August 2008 ref image BlackMonitor02.jpg image caption Taken at the Cincinnati Zoo image width 240px regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata subordo Lacertilia familia Varanidae genus Varanus subgenus V. Euprepiosaurus species V. beccarii binomial Varanus beccarii binomial authority Giacomo Doria Doria , 1874 ref cite journal last Doria first Giacomo year 1874 title Enumerazione dei rettili raccolti dal Dott. O. Beccari in Amboina alle Isole Aru ed alle Isole Kei durante gli anni journal Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. volume 6 url 325 257 ref The black tree monitor Varanus beccarii , or Beccari s monitor is a relatively small member of the Varanidae family, growing up to about convert 90 120 cm in in length. They inhabit the Aru Islands off New Guinea , living in an arboreal habitat. Their skin color is completely black, lending the monitor its name. ref name badger Taxonomy Varanus beccari was first described as Monitor beccari by Giacomo Doria Doria , in 1874. Years later, it was classified as a subspecies of the emerald tree monitor V. prasinus , but a 1991 review of the Species complex complex returned V. beccari to species status. ref cite journal last Sprackland first R.G. year 1991 title Taxonomic review of the Varanus prasinus group with descriptions of two new species journal Mem. Queensland Museum volume 3 issue 3 pages 561 576 ref It has been argued that it should be maintained as a subspecies of the emerald tree monitor based on similarities in their Hemipenis hemipeneal structures, ref B hme,W. and T. Ziegler 1997 . Varanus melinus sp. n., ein neuer Waran aus der V. indicus Gruppe von den Molukken, Indonesien. Herpetofauna 19 111 26 34 ref but Genetics genetic evidence supports their treatment as different species. ref Ziegler, T., A. Schmitz, A. Koch and W. B hme 2007 . A review of the subgenus Euprepiosaurus of Varanus Squamata Varanidae ... more details
maculilabris skinks mating The male members of the group Squamata have a hemipenis . Hemipenes are usually ... copulation s. The hemipenis itself has a variety of shapes, depending on species. Often it bears ... hemipenis has two tips . Due to being everted and inverted, hemipenes do not have a completely enclosed ... more details
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