No footnotes date December 2008 Hemodynamics , meaning literally blood movement is the study of blood flow or the circulation. All animal cells require oxygen O sub 2 sub for the conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub , water and energy in a process known as aerobic respiration. The circulatory system functions to transport the blood to deliver O sub 2 sub , nutrients and chemicals to the Cell biology cells of the body to ensure their health and proper function, and to remove the cellular waste product s. The circulatory system is a connected series of tubes, which includes the heart , the arteries , the microcirculation , and the vein s. The heart is the driver of the circulatory system generating cardiac output CO by rhythmically contracting and relaxing. This creates changes in regional pressures, and, combined with a complex valvular system in the heart and the veins, ensures that the blood moves around the circulatory system in one direction. The beating of the heart generates pulsatile blood flow which is conducted into the arteries, across the micro circulation and eventually, back via the venous system to the heart. The aorta , the main artery, leaves the left heart and proceeds to divide into smaller and smaller arteries until they become ... hemodynamics. Hemodynamic disorders These are the disturbances in the blood movement in our body. The factors influencing hemodynamics are complex and extensive but include CO, circulating fluid volume ... weight. Our understanding of hemodynamics depends on measuring the blood flow at different points in the circulation. A basic approach to understanding hemodynamics is by feeling the pulse . This gives ... the body s responses. 80 x MAP CO x TPR Hemodynamics both as a clinical medical and as a discipline ... External links http www.learnhemodynamics.com Learn hemodynamics http www.e piv.com links Educational Particle Image Velocimetry e PIV resources and demonstrations Pathology Hemodynamics Cardiovascular ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date October 2008 Image Redbloodcells.jpg right frame Red blood cell s erythrocytes are one of the most important constituents of blood In biomedical engineering , haemocompatibility is the compatibility of a material with blood . It is an important consideration when design ing tool device s that contact blood. Events that determine haemocompatibility often occur at the Molecule molecular level. Haemocompatibility can influence inflammatory processes. See also Hemodynamics Category Blood Biochem stub ... more details
The blood hammer phenomenon is a sudden increase of the upstream blood pressure in a blood vessel especially artery or arteriole when the blood stream is abruptly blocked by vessel obstruction. The term blood hammer was introduced in Brain cerebral hemodynamics ref cite journal author Damsa T. title Blood hammer phenomenon in cerebral hemodynamics work Mathematical Biosciences year 1976 volume 29 issue 3 4 pages 193 202 author separator , display authors 1 author2 Please add first missing authors to populate metadata. ref by analogy with the Hydraulics hydraulic expression water hammer , already used in Circulatory system vascular physiology to designate an arterial pulse variety, the Watson s water hammer pulse water hammer pulse . Notes reflist References Shrivastava, G. S. 2004 . Fluid Mechanics and the Undergraduate Civil Engineer, J. Hydr. Engrg., 130 10 953 956 Category Blood disorders med sign stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Recent hemorrhagic infarcts.jpg thumb Recent hemorrhagic infarcts. Hemorrhagic infarcts are infarct s commonly caused by occlusion of vein s, with red blood cell s entering the area of the infarct, or an artery occlusion of an organ with collaterals or dual circulation. This is commonly seen in brain , lungs , liver and the GI tract , areas referred to as having loose tissue, or dual circulation . White infarcts can become hemorrhagic with reperfusion. Compare to Anemic infarct . Hemodynamics DEFAULTSORT Hemorrhagic Infarct Category Vascular diseases Category Gross pathology Disease stub ja ... more details
Congenital lymphedema is a blockage of fluid in the developing fetal lymphatic system . It is diagnosed by a nuchal scan . Presence of this condition is also associated with congenital heart defect . ref http journals.lww.com obgynsurvey Abstract 2006 01000 Relationship Between Nuchal Translucency Thickness.7.aspx Relationship Between Nuchal Translucency Thickness and Prevalence of Major Cardiac Defects in Fetuses With Normal Karyotype , by Atzei, A Gajewska, K Huggon, I C. Allan, L Nicolaides, K H. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey. January 2006. Volume 61, Issue 1, pages 8 10. ref See also Amniotic band syndrome HNRPH1 Norman Roberts syndrome Reelin References references Category Lymphatic system Category Diseases of veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes Congenital malformations and deformations of integument Lymphatic disease Hemodynamics ... more details
Infobox disease Name Hematocele Image Caption DiseasesDB 30746 ICD10 ICD10 N 50 1 n 40 ICD9 ICD9 608.83 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D006398 A hematocele is a collection of blood in a body cavity. ref name urlDorlands Medical Dictionary hematocele cite web url http www.mercksource.com pp us cns cns hl dorlands split.jsp?pg ppdocs us common dorlands dorland four 000047757.htm title Dorlands Medical Dictionary hematocele work accessdate ref The term is generally used to refer to the collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis around the testicle . Hematoceles are often more painful than a hydrocele Citation needed date July 2008 . See also Coelom References reflist Male diseases of the pelvis and genitals Hemodynamics Category Epididymis disorders med stub es Hematocele it Ematocele su H matos l ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 29596 ICD10 ICD10 N 83 6 n 80 ICD9 ICD9 620.8 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Hematosalpinx sometimes also hemosalpinx is a medical condition involving bleeding into the fallopian tubes . Causes A number of causes may account for a hematosalpinx, by far the most common being a tubal pregnancy . Blood may also escape into the peritoneal cavity leading to a hemoperitoneum . A hematosalpinx can also be associated with endometriosis or tubal carcinoma . Further, if menstrual blood flow is obstructed cryptomenorrhea ,caused for instance by a Vaginal septum Transverse septum transverse vaginal septum , and gets backed up it may lead to a hematosalpinx. Symptoms A hematosalpinx from a tubal pregnancy may be associated with pelvic pain and uterine bleeding. A gynecologic ultrasound will show the hematosalpinx. A hematosalpinx from other conditions may be painless but could lead to uterine bleeding. Treatment Treatment is directed at the underlying condition and usually surgical. See also Hydrosalpinx med stub Hemodynamics Diseases of the pelvis and genitals Category Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract ... more details
Nofootnotes date January 2009 Gudrun Margrethe Boysen b. April 5, 1939 in Lille Utterslev , Denmark is a Danish physician MD and DM.Sc. and conducts research into the causes and effects of stroke s. ref http www.skolamed.pl img panel files eso2010 Boysen.pdf ref ref http strokeforum.infill.com include biographie.php?speakerID 99 ref She conducts her research at the Department of Neurology , Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen . In 1994, Boysen won a Tagea Brandt Rejselegat . Fact date January 2009 She is married to Troels Johan Dahler Kardel and has two children, Maria 1972 and Sakina 1974 . Selected publications Cerebral Hemodynamics in Carotid Surgery Munksgaard, 1973 On the Critical Lower Level of Cerebral Blood Flow in Man with particular reference to Carotid surgery Circulation, 49, 1023 Early Stroke A Dynamic Process Stroke, 32, 2423 Homocysteine and Risk of Recurrent Stroke Stroke, 34, 1258 Persisting Dilemma To Treat or Not to Treat Blood Pressure in Acute Ischemic Stroke Stroke, 35, 526 References Reflist External links http www.kvinfo.dk side 597 bio 210 origin 170 Kvinfo profile Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Boysen, Gudrun ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH April 5, 1939 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Boysen, Gudrun Category 1939 births Category Living people Category Danish physicians Denmark scientist stub Physician stub ... more details
SignSymptom infobox Name Anasarca ICD10 ICD10 R 60 1 r 50 ICD9 ICD9 782.3 File Plasmodium falciparum nephrosis edema PHIL 3894 lores.jpg thumb dablink For the metal band, see Anasarca band Anasarca . Anasarca , also known as extreme generalized edema is a medical condition characterised by widespread swelling of the skin due to effusion of fluid into the extracellular space . ref cite web url http www.anasarca.com title Anasarca.com date November 4 2011 ref It is usually caused by liver failure cirrhosis of the liver or renal failure disease and severe malnutrition protein deficiency. The increase in salt and water retention caused by low cardiac output can also result in anasarca as a long term maladaptive response. It can also be created from the administration of exogenous intravenous fluid. Certain plant derived anticancer chemotherapy chemotherapeutic agents, such as docetaxel , cause anasarca through a poorly understood capillary leak syndrome . References reflist External links http www.anasarca.org http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 003103.htm Category Medical signs Category Symptoms and signs Skin and subcutaneous tissue med sign stub Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Hemodynamics br Anazark de Anasarka es Anasarca eu Anasarka fr Anasarque hi it Anasarca pt Anasarca sv Anasarka tl Anasarka ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 10122 ICD10 ICD10 J 94 8 j 90 ICD9 ICD9 511.8 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D006876 A hydrothorax is a condition that results from serous fluid accumulating in the pleural cavity . This specific condition can be related to cirrhosis with ascites in which ascitic fluid leaks into the pleural cavity. Hepatic hydrothorax is often difficult to manage in end stage liver failure and often fails to respond to therapy. In similar pleural effusion s, hemothorax this fluid is blood as in major chest injuries , in empyema pyothorax the fluid is pus resulting from chest infections , and in chylothorax it is lymph fluid resulting from rupture of the thoracic duct . Treatment Treatment of hydrothorax is difficult for several reasons. The underlying condition needs to be corrected, however often the source of the hydrothorax is end stage liver disease and corrected only by transplant. Chest tube placement should not occur. Other measures such as a Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt TIPS procedure are more effective as they treat the etiology of the hydrothorax, however have complications such as worsened hepatic encephalopathy. Related links Pleural effusion Pneumothorax Category Diseases of pleura med stub Respiratory pathology Hemodynamics it Idrotorace nl Hydrothorax ja ru uk ... more details
Anemic infarcts also called white infarcts or pale infarcts are white or pale infarct s caused by arterial occlusions, and are usually seen in the heart, kidney and spleen. These are referred to as white because of the lack of hemorrhaging and limited red blood cells accumulation, compare to Hemorrhagic infarct . The tissues most likely to be affected are solid organs which limit the amount of hemorrhage that can seep into the area of ischemic necrosis from adjoining capillary beds. The organs typically include single blood supply no dual arterial blood supply or anastomoses . The infarct generally results grossly in a wedge shaped area of necrosis with the apex closest to the occlusion and the base at the periphery of the organ. The margins will become better defined with time with a narrow rim of congestion attributable to inflammation at the edge of the lesion. ref Robbins Basic Pathology ref Relatively few extravasated red cells are lysed so the resulting hemosiderosis is limited and results in a progressively more pale area of infarction with time. Ischemic coagulative necrosis results and fibrosis of the affected area develops from the reparative response beginning at the preserved margins and working its way inwards. One exception to coagulative necrosis is the brain, which undergoes liquefactive necrosis in response to infarction. References Reflist Hemodynamics circulatory disease stub Category Vascular diseases Category Gross pathology ... more details
Biorheology is the study of the flow properties of biological fluid s. Definition Biorheological research determine and characterize the dynamics of physiological processes at all levels of organization. They include the scientific and technological studies in a broad field that ranges from the rheology of macromolecules and macromolecular arrays to cell, tissue and organ rheology. Interrelationships of rheological properties of the systems or materials investigated and their structural and functional aspects. The term Biorheology , to apply to the rheology of living systems or materials directly derived from living systems, was first proposed by A.L.Copley at the first International Congress on Rheology. This biorheological approach applies in particular to molecular studies where changes of physical properties and conformation are investigated without reference to how the process actually takes place, how the forces generated are matched to the properties of the structures and environment concerned, proper time scales, or what structures or strength of structures are required. Biorheology examines and fields of molecular biorheological aspects, whether in animal or plant systems.The biorheology of disease is of equal interest with an emphasize the biorheology of physiological function in organs and systems. Biorheological analyses of pathological processes and their clinical implications include basic clinical research on hemodynamics and hemorheology. External links http www.coe.ou.edu isb history.htm International Society of Biorheology http bsb bg.eu Bulgarian Society of Biorheology Category Fluid dynamics et Bioreoloogia biology stub ... more details
Dr. John Michael Criley , MD, FACC, MACP, born 1931 is currently Professor Emeritus at the David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles UCLA . ref http www.wsbtv.com health 2635640 detail.html Coughing May Save Your Life WSBTV ref He has made a number of pioneering contributions to the field of cardiology and medical education of the physical examination. He was also instrumental in the development of the Los Angeles County Fire Department s paramedic program in 1969. ref http www.marketwatch.com story county of los angeles fire museum presents pioneers of paramedicinetm lifetime achievement award 2010 04 29?reflink MW news stmp County of Los Angeles Fire Museum Presents Pioneers of Paramedicine TM Lifetime Achievement Award MarketWatch ref He is a world renowned authority on cardiac hemodynamics, cardiac auscultation, cardiac catheterization, and valvar heart disease. He served for 25 years as Division Chief at Harbor UCLA Medical in Torrance, California. In addition, he is also credited with the term mitral valve prolapse , after demonstrating to Dr. Barlow that it was not aneurysm of the mitral leaflet but rather displacement of the leaflet that led to the condition. References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Criley, J. Michael ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1931 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Criley, J. Michael Category University of California, Los Angeles faculty Category Living people Category 1931 births es John Michael Criley ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name Aorticopulmonary septum Latin septum aorticopulmonale GraySubject 135 GrayPage 514 Image Gray470.png Caption Diagrams to show the development of the septum of the aortic bulb and of the ventricles. Image2 Gray471.png Caption2 Transverse sections through the aortic bulb to show the growth of the aortic septum. The lowest section is on the left, the highest on the right of the figure. System CarnegieStage Days 37 Precursor neural crest GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E4.0.3.5.0.3.12 The aorticopulmonary septum also called the spiral septum , or aortic septum in older texts is developmentally formed from neural crest , specifically the cardiac neural crest, and actively separates the aorta and pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries and fuses with the interventricular septum within the heart during development. ref cite journal author Kirby ML, Gale TF, and Stewart DE. title Neural crest cells contribute to normal aorticopulmonary septation. journal Science volume 220 issue 4061 pages 1059 61 year 1983 pmid 6844926 doi 10.1126 science.6844926 ref ref cite journal author Jiang X, Rowitch DH, Soriano P, McMahon AP, Sucov HM.. title Fate of the mammalian cardiac neural crest... volume 127 issue 8 pages 1607 16 year 2000 pmid 10725237 journal Development Cambridge, England ref The actual mechanism of septation of the outflow tract is poorly understood, but is recognized as a dynamic process with contributions from contractile , hemodynamics hemodynamic , and extracellular matrix interactions. Malalignment of the septum can cause the congenital heart condition Tetralogy of Fallot . See also Aortopulmonary septal defect References reflist External links http isc.temple.edu marino embryology Heart98 abnorm text.htm Development of circulatory system Category Cardiac anatomy Category Embryology of cardiovascular system circulatory stub ... more details
Hermann Sahli May 23, 1856 &ndash April 28, 1933 was a Swiss internist who was a native of Bern . In 1878 he earned his doctorate from the University of Bern , and subsequently became an assistant to Ludwig Lichtheim 1845 1915 in Bern. Afterwards he traveled to Leipzig , where he worked under Julius Friedrich Cohnheim 1839 1884 and Carl Weigert 1845 1904 . He returned to Bern as an assistant at Lichtheim s policlinic, and in 1888 became a professor of internal medicine . File Sahli H mometer.JPG right thumb Sahli H mometer ca.1930 Hermann Sahli was involved in almost all aspects of internal medicine, and made contributions in the fields of neurology , circulatory physiology , hematology , and particularly hemodynamics . He made improvements to the sphygmomanometer , and introduced Sahli s hemoglobinometer , an instrument used for colorimetric determination of the blood s hemoglobin content. His name is also associated with the Sahli pipette method for performing red blood cell counts, as well as the Hayem Sahli hemocytometer , which is a device used to find the quantity of platelet s in a specified volume of blood. This device is named in conjunction with French hematologist Georges Hayem 1841 1933 . Sahli was the author of over 175 scientific articles, and in 1894 published an important book on clinical investigation methodologies called Lehrbuch der klinischen Untersuchungsmethoden . His name is associated with 2088 Sahlia , which is an asteroid that was discovered in 1976. References Parts of this article are based on a translation of an article from the German Wikipedia . http www.whonamedit.com doctor.cfm 2029.html Hermann Sahli at Who Named It Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Sahli, Hermann ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH May 23, 1856 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH April 28, 1933 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Sahli, Hermann Category Hematologists Category Swiss physicians Category 1856 births Category 1933 deaths Category Univer ... more details
Jan A. J. Schuurkes born 1950, Oisterwijk is a Netherlands Dutch biologist and gastrointestinal researcher. Education He graduated as a biochemist at the Radboud University Nijmegen Catholic University of Nijmegen Nijmegen . He obtained a PhD in Medicine at Utrecht University Utrecht city Utrecht with a thesis on Motility and hemodynamics of the canine gastrointestinal tract . Career In 1979, he started his career at Janssen Pharmaceutica , where he became assistant head of the Department of Pharmacodynamics , head of the Department of Gastrointestinal pharmacology and finally vice president Gastrointestinal Discovery. In 2007, he founded a new pharmaceutical company, Movetis, together with Remi Van den Broeck , Staf Van Reet and Dirk Reyn . Awards 1997, Dr. Paul Janssen award. References Schuurkes JA, Tukker JJ, The interdigestive colonic motor complex of the dog, Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1980 Oct 247 2 329 34. Schuurkes JA., Pharmacotherapy of gastrointestinal motor disorders, Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 1994 Apr Jun 59 2 165 70. Schuurkes JA, Meulemans AL., Nitric oxide and gastric relaxation, Dig Dis Sci. 1994 Dec 39 12 Suppl 79S 81S. Source http www.kbcpe.be nl documents MovetisNL 000.pdf KBC Private Equity en KBC Private Equity Fund Biotech investeren 7 miljoen euro in 49 miljoen euro private financieringsronde van Movetis Dutch http www.anselmuscolloquium.org tekst2002.pdf Alarm in de darm BW Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Schuurkes,Jan ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1950 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Schuurkes, Jan Category 1950 births Category Living people Category Dutch scientists Category Janssen Pharmaceutica Category People from Oisterwijk netherlands scientist stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Nonthrombocytopenic purpura Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 287.2 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Nonthrombocytopenic purpura is a type of purpura red or purple skin discoloration not associated with thrombocytopenia . ref name urlMedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Purpura cite web url http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 003232.htm title MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Purpura work accessdate 2009 01 06 ref Examples causes include Henoch Sch nlein purpura . ref name urlEvaluating the Child with Purpura August, 2001 American Family Physician cite web url http www.aafp.org afp 20010801 419.html title Evaluating the Child with Purpura August, 2001 American Family Physician work accessdate 2009 01 06 ref Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia ref name isbn0 7216 0187 1 cite book author Cotran, Ramzi S. Kumar, Vinay Fausto, Nelson Nelso Fausto Robbins, Stanley L. Abbas, Abul K. title Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease publisher Elsevier Saunders location St. Louis, Mo year 2005 pages 650 isbn 0 7216 0187 1 oclc doi accessdate ref Congenital cytomegalovirus ref name urlMedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Purpura References reflist Further reading cite journal author HORLER AR, TRUELOVE SC title Chronic leg ulcers in non thrombocytopenic purpura journal Br Med J volume 1 issue 4914 pages 635 6 year 1955 month March pmid 13230576 pmc 2061391 doi 10.1136 bmj.1.4914.635 url cite journal author MULDOON JP, BERG AM, KINNAIRD DW title Surgical implications of non thrombocytopenic purpura journal Ann. Surg. volume 142 issue 5 pages 817 23 year 1955 month November pmid 13269032 pmc 1465031 doi 10.1097 00000658 195511000 00007 url Myeloid hematologic disease Hemodynamics Category Cutaneous conditions Cutaneous condition stub ... more details
orphan date July 2009 A Zahn infarct is a pseudo infarction of the liver , consisting of an area of congestion with parenchymal atrophy but no necrosis , and usually due to obstruction of a branch of the portal vein . ref name stedman citation title Stedman s Medical Dictionary editor Stegman, JK year 2006 publisher Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins edition 28th location Baltimore, MD ref ref http www.medilexicon.com medicaldictionary.php?t 44358 ref According to Dr. Shirley Siew, a distinguished pathologist from Michigan State University, this may also be an obstruction of the hepatic artery . citation needed date April 2010 Zahn infarcts are unique in that there is collateral congestion of liver sinusoid s that do not include areas of anoxia seen in most infarcts. Fibrotic tissue may develop in the area of the infarct and it could be caused by an occlusive phlebitis in portal vein Radicle disambiguation radicle s. ref citation journal American Journal of Gastroenterology title Zahn infarct of the liver resulting from occlusive phlebitis in portal vein radicles author Matsumoto T, Kuwabara N, Abe H, Fukuda Y, Suyama M, Fujii D, Kojima K, Futagawa S volume 87 issue 3 year 1992 pages 365 368 pmid 1539574 ref Eponym The Zahn infarct is named for Friedrich Wilhelm Zahn . ref name stedman References reflist citation journal R ntgen Bl tter title Partial Budd Chiari syndrome with Zahn infarct of the liver in venous transmitted tumor thrombosis of a uterine cancer language German author Reichelt HG volume 38 issue 11 year 1985 pages 345 347 pmid 4081553 Hemodynamics DEFAULTSORT Zahn Infarct Category Diseases of liver Category Gross pathology pathology stub disease stub pl Zawa Zahna ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Carotid sinus Latin sinus caroticus GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray513.png Caption Arteries of the neck. The carotid sinus is at the origin of the internal carotid artery . Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve branch of glossopharyngeal nerve to carotid sinus Lymph MeshName Carotid Sinus MeshNumber A07.231.114.186.456 DorlandsPre s 12 DorlandsSuf 12738619 In human anatomy , the carotid sinus is a localized dilation of the internal carotid artery at its origin, the common carotid artery . Functions Unreferenced section date February 2009 The carotid sinus contains numerous baroreceptors , which function as a sampling area for many homeostasis homeostatic mechanisms for maintaining blood pressure . The carotid sinus baroreceptors are innervated by the sinus nerve of Hering, which is a branch of cranial nerve IX glossopharyngeal nerve . The glossopharyngeal nerve synapses in the Solitary nucleus nucleus tractus solitarius NTS located in the medulla of the brainstem. The NTS indirectly modulates the activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic vagal neurons in the medulla and pons through the hypothalamus. These neurons then regulate the autonomic control of the heart and blood vessels. The aortic arch baroreceptors are innervated by the aortic nerve Nerve of Cyon , which combines with CN X vagus nerve and travels to the NTS. Disease of the carotid sinus This section is linked from Swimming The carotid sinus often has atherosclerotic plaque s because of disturbed hemodynamics low wall shear stress , flow reversal recirculation . ref Glagov S, Zarins C, Giddens DP, Ku DN. Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. Insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries. biod degradable Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988 Oct 112 10 1018 31. PMID 3052352 ref Since these plaques, if large and unstable, predispose to Stroke Ischemic stroke 2 ischemic stroke s and transient ischemic attack s, carotid endarterectomy carotid endarterectomies are frequent ... more details
In small capillary hemodynamics , the cell free layer is a near wall layer of Blood plasma plasma absent of red blood cell s since they are subject to migration to the capillary Centre geometry center in Poiseuille flow ref cite book title W. Pan, B. Caswell and G. E. Karniadakis 2010 , A low dimensional model for the red blood cell , Soft Matter, DOI 10.1039 C0SM00183J ref . Cell free marginal layer model is a mathematical model which tries to explain F hr us Lindqvist effect mathematically. Mathematical modeling Governing equations Consider steady flow of blood through a capillary of radius math R math . The capillary cross section can be divided into a core region and cell free Blood plasma plasma region near the wall. The governing equations for both regions can be given by the following equations ref cite book last Krishnan B. Chandran first Alit P. Yoganathan , Ajit P. Yoganathan , Stanley E. Rittgers title Biofluid mechanics the human circulation year 2007 publisher CRC Taylor & Francis location Boca Raton isbn 9780849373282 url http www.amazon.com Biofluid Mechanics Circulation Krishnan Chandran dp 084937328X ref math frac Delta P L frac 1 r frac d dr mu c r frac du c dr math math 0 le r le R delta , math math frac Delta P L frac 1 r frac d dr mu p r frac du p dr math math R delta le r le R , math where math Delta P math is the pressure drop across the capillary math L math is the length of capillary math u c math is velocity in core region math u p math is velocity of plasma in cell free region math mu c math is viscosity in core region math mu p math is viscosity of plasma in cell free region math delta math is the cell free Blood plasma plasma layer thickness Boundary conditions The boundary condition s to obtain the solution for the two differential equation s presented above are that the velocity gradient is zero in the tube center, no slip occurs at the tube ... viscosity hemodynamics References Reflist Category Fluid dynamics ... more details
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