Taxobox name HepatitisCvirus image HCV EM picture 2.png image width 250px image caption Electron micrograph of hepatitisCvirus purified from cell culture. Scale black bar 50 nanometre s virus group iv familia Flaviviridae genus Hepacivirus species HepatitisCvirusHepatitisCvirus HCV ... sense positive sense single stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae . HepatitisCvirus is the cause of hepatitisC in humans. It has been estimated that this virus accounts for 25 of cirrhosis ... The prevalence of hepatitisCvirus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. N Engl J Med ... C 2000 Epidemiology of hepatitisCvirus infection in seven European Union countries a critical analysis ... M, Fossi E, d Alessio G, Kondili LA, Rapicetta M, Mele A 2000 HepatitisCvirus infection and alanine ... Epidemiology of hepatitisCvirus infection in seven European Union countries a critical analysis of the literature ... risk of post transfusion hepatitisCvirus infection. N Engl J Med 327 6 369 373 ref This risk ... Y, Ikematsu H, Hirata M, Maeda Y, Kashiwagi S 1994 Seroepidemiology of hepatitisCvirus infection ... S, Iaria G, Danese V, Orlando G, Casciani CU 1997 HepatitisCvirus infection in Italian kidney graft recipients. Changing risk factors and hepatitisCvirus genotypes. Ital J Gastroenterology Hepatology ... An updated analysis of hepatitisCvirus genotypes and subtypes based on the complete coding region ... E, Mukaide M, Williams R, Lau JY 2007 New hepatitisCvirus HCV genotyping system that allows for identification ... hepatitisCvirus case live in African, Southeast Asian and Middle Eastern countries where genotypes ... of full length hepatitisCvirus genotype 4 sequences. J Viral Hepat 14 5 330 337 ref Genotype distribution ... H, Schreier E 1997 Distribution of hepatitisCvirus genotypes in German patients with chronic .... This pattern is also found in Korea , ref name Shin2006 Shin HR 2006 Epidemiology of hepatitisCvirus ... underwent a drift of circulating hepatitisCvirus subtypes in recent decades. Arch Virol. ref In Uzbekistan ... more details
about the viral particle the disease HepatitisC Taxobox name HepatitisCvirus image HCV EM picture 2.png image width 250px image caption Electron micrograph of hepatitisCvirus purified from cell culture ... type species HepatitisCvirusHepatitisCvirus HCV is a small 55 65 Nanometre nm in size , viral ... of the family Flaviviridae . HepatitisCvirus is the cause of hepatitisC in humans. Structure Image HCV structure.png left thumb Simplified diagram of the structure of the HepatitisCvirus particle The hepatitisCvirus particle consists of a core of genetic material RNA , surrounded by an Truncated ... of HepatitisCvirusHepatitisCvirus has a positive sense single stranded RNA genome . The genome ... cite journal author Kato N title Genome of human hepatitisCvirus HCV gene organization, sequence ... of the hepatitisCvirus HCV IRES contains a four way helical junction that is integrated within ... ref Structural proteins made by the hepatitisCvirus include Core protein, E1 HCV E1 and E2 HCV .... ref name DeFrancesco1999 De Francesco R 1999 Molecular virology of the hepatitisCvirus. J ... lindenbach cite journal author Lindenbach B, Rice C title Unravelling hepatitisCvirus replication ..., Moradpour D 2002 Interaction of hepatitisCvirus proteins with host cell membranes and lipids. Trends ... D, Bienz K 2002 Expression of hepatitisCvirus proteins induces distinct membrane alterations ... P, McLauchlan J 2008 HepatitisCvirus core protein induces lipid droplet redistribution in a microtubule ... Syed GH, Amako Y, Siddiqui A 2010 HepatitisCvirus hijacks host lipid metabolism. Trends Endocrinol ... F, Irvine B, Beall E, Yap PL, Kolberg J, Urdea MS 1993 Classification of hepatitisCvirus into six ... of hepatitisCvirus genotypes and subtypes based on the complete coding region journal Liver ... R, Lau JY 2007 New hepatitisCvirus HCV genotyping system that allows for identification of HCV ... for a unified system of nomenclature of hepatitisCvirus genotypes journal Hepatology volume ... more details
Taxobox name HepatitisCvirus image HCV EM picture 2.png image width 250px image caption Electron micrograph of hepatitisCvirus purified from cell culture. Scale black bar 50 nanometre s virus group iv familia Flaviviridae genus Hepacivirus species HepatitisCvirusHepatitisCvirus HCV ... sense positive sense single stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae . HepatitisCvirus is the cause ... HCV isolates, the hepatitisCvirus species is classified into seven genotypes 1 7 with several subtypes ... of hepatitisCvirus into six major genotypes and a series of subtypes by phylogenetic analysis of the NS ... Tatsunori title An updated analysis of hepatitisCvirus genotypes and subtypes based on the complete ..., Ohba K, Orito E, Mukaide M, Williams R, Lau JY 2007 New hepatitisCvirus HCV genotyping system that allows ... a common origin. ref name Salemi2002 Salemi M, Vandamme AM 2002 HepatitisCvirus evolutionary patterns ... of the pattern of diversity of hepatitisCvirus in relation to times of transmission. Simmonds P, Smith ... history of hepatitisCvirus in East Asia. J Virol 83 2 1071 1082 ref The estimated rate of mutation ... P 2009 Genetic history of hepatitisCvirus in East Asia. J Virol 83 2 1071 1082 ref A study of European ... A 2009 The global spread of hepatitisCvirus 1a and 1b a phylodynamic and phylogeographic ... HJ 2002 A comparison of the molecular clock of hepatitisCvirus in the United States and Japan predicts ..., Pybus OG 2004 Viral gene sequences reveal the variable history of hepatitisCvirus infection among ... of hepatitisCvirus in Venezuela high diversity and long time of evolution of HCV genotype 2. PLoS ... gene sequences reveal the variable history of hepatitisCvirus infection among countries. J Infect ... tracing of the global hepatitisCvirus epidemic predicts regional patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma ... dynamics of the hepatitisCvirus 1b epidemic in Turkey. Infect Genet Evol 11 5 863 868 ..., and dynamics of hepatitisCvirus genotypes in blood donors in Colombia. J Med Virol 82 11 1889 1898 ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisCvirus stem loop VII image RF00468.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HCV SLVII Symbol HCV SLVII AltSymbols Rfam RF00468 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData HepatitisCvirus stem loop VII is a Cis regulatory element regulatory element found in the coding region of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene, NS5B. Similarly to HepatitisC stem loop IV stem loop IV , the stem loop structure is important but not essential for colony formation, though its exact function and mechanism are unknown. ref cite journal last Lee first H coauthors Shin H, Wimmer E, Paul AV year 2004 title Cis acting RNA signals in the NS5B C terminal coding sequence of the hepatitisCvirus genome journal J Virol volume 78 pages 10865&ndash 10877 pmid 15452207 doi 10.1128 JVI.78.20.10865 10877.2004 issue 20 pmc 521798 ref See also HepatitisC alternative reading frame stem loop HepatitisCvirus HCV cis acting replication element CRE HepatitisCvirus 3 X element References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00468 name HepatitisCvirus stem loop VII DEFAULTSORT HepatitisCVirus Stem Loop Vii Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisCvirus 3 X element image RF00481.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HCV X3 Symbol HCV X3 AltSymbols Rfam RF00481 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The HepatitisCvirus 3 X element is an cis regulatory element RNA element which contains three stem loop structures that are essential for replication. ref cite journal last Lee first H coauthors Shin H, Wimmer E, Paul AV year 2004 title cis Acting RNA Signals in the NS5B C Terminal Coding Sequence of the HepatitisCVirus Genome journal J Virol volume 78 pages 10865&ndash 10877 pmid 15452207 doi 10.1128 JVI.78.20.10865 10877.2004 issue 20 pmc 521798 ref ref cite journal last Yi first M coauthors Lemon SM year 2003 title 3 Nontranslated RNA Signals Required for Replication of HepatitisCVirus RNA journal J Virol volume 77 pages 3557&ndash 3568 pmid 12610131 doi 10.1128 JVI.77.6.3557 3568.2003 issue 6 pmc 149512 ref ref cite journal last Yi first M coauthors Lemon SM year 2003 title Structure function analysis of the 3 stem loop of hepatitisCvirus genomic RNA and its role in viral RNA replication journal RNA volume 9 pages 331&ndash 345 pmid 12592007 doi 10.1261 rna.2144203 issue 3 pmc 1370400 ref See also HepatitisC alternative reading frame stem loop HepatitisCvirus HCV cis acting replication element CRE HepatitisC stem loop IV HepatitisCvirus stem loop VII References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00481 name HepatitisCvirus 3 X element molecular cell biology stub Category Cis regulatory RNA elements ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisCvirus HCV cis acting replication element CRE image RF00260.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HepC CRE Symbol HepC CRE AltSymbols Rfam RF00260 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The HepatitisCvirus HCV cis acting replication element CRE is an cis regulatory element RNA element which is found in the coding region of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase NS5B. Mutations in this family have been found to cause a blockage in RNA replication and it is thought that both the primary sequence and the structure of this element are crucial for HCV RNA replication. ref cite journal last You first S coauthors Stump DD, Branch AD, Rice CM year 2004 title A cis acting replication element in the sequence encoding the NS5B RNA dependent RNA polymerase is required for hepatitisCvirus RNA replication journal J Virol volume 78 pages 1352&ndash 1366 pmid 14722290 doi 10.1128 JVI.78.3.1352 1366.2004 issue 3 pmc 321395 ref See also HepatitisC alternative reading frame stem loop HepatitisCvirus 3 X element HepatitisCvirus stem loop VII HepatitisC stem loop IV References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00260 name HepatitisCvirus HCV cis acting replication element CRE Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisCvirus internal ribosome entry site image RF00061.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of IRES HCV Symbol IRES HCV AltSymbols HCV IRES Rfam RF00061 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Internal ribosome entry site IRES Tax domain Virus es GO GO 0043022 SO SO 0000243 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData Protein translation of most eukaryotic messenger RNA mRNA s requires association of Met tRNA , several eukaryotic initiation factors , and Guanosine triphosphate GTP with the 40S ribosomal subunit. The ribosome can only bind the capped mRNA after binding to the initiator tRNA. Translation of hepatitisCvirus HCV mRNA is initiated by a different mechanism from the usual 5 cap binding model. ref cite journal last Lytle first JR coauthors Wu L, Robertson HD year 2002 title Domains on the hepatitisCvirus internal ribosome entry site for 40s subunit binding journal RNA volume 8 pages 1045&ndash 1055 pmid 12212848 doi 10.1017 S1355838202029965 issue 8 pmc 1370315 ref This alternate mechanism relies on the direct binding of the 40S ribosomal subunit by the internal ribosome entry site IRES in the 5 UTR of HCV RNA. HCV IRES adopts a complex structure, and may differ significantly from Picornavirus internal ribosome entry site IRES IRES elements identified in picornavirus es. A small number of eukaryotic mRNA have been shown to be translated by internal ribosome entry. ref cite journal last Beales first LP coauthors Rowlands DJ, Holzenburg A year 2001 title The internal ribosome entry site IRES of hepatitisCvirus visualized by electron microscopy ... reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00061 name HepatitisCvirus internal ribosome entry site ... 5 pmc 1370118 ref ref cite journal last Gallego first J coauthors Varani G year 2002 title The hepatitisCvirus internal ribosome entry site a new target for antiviral research journal Biochem Soc Trans ... more details
med eMedicineTopic 993 eMedicine mult EMedicine2 ped 979 MeshID D006526 HepatitisC is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver , caused by the hepatitisCvirus HCV . ref name Sherris ... transplant . HepatitisC is the leading cause of liver transplantation though the virus usually recurs ... with jaundice . ref name Book2011p4 cite book title Chronic HepatitisCVirus Advances ... P, Bianchi FB title Extrahepatic manifestations of HepatitisCVirus infection a general overview ..., G, Monarca, R title Correlates of hepatitisCvirus seropositivity in prison inmates a meta analysis ... cvirus transmission found egypt title Highest Rates of HepatitisCVirus Transmission Found in Egypt ... author Tohme RA, Holmberg SD title Is sexual contact a major mode of hepatitisCvirus transmission ... hepatitisCvirus transmission and breastfeeding journal Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ... Chronic hepatitisC is defined as infection with the hepatitisCvirus persisting for more than six months based on the presence of its RNA. ref name Book2011 cite book title Chronic HepatitisCVirus ... Klenerman, P, Barnes, E title Vaccination for hepatitisCvirus closing in on an evasive target ... to prevent hepatitisCvirus infection in people who inject drugs journal The Journal of infectious ... An update on treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitisCvirus infection 2011 practice guideline by the American ... first J coauthors Manheimer, E, Tsutani, K, Gluud, C title Medicinal herbs for hepatitisCvirus infection ... thistle for alcoholic and or hepatitis B or Cvirus liver diseases journal Cochrane database of systematic ... Chronic hepatitisCvirus genotype 6 infection response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin journal ... due to a better understanding of the hepatitisCvirus. ref cite journal last Vermehren first J ...Infobox disease Name HepatitisC Image HCV EM picture 2.png Caption Electron micrograph of hepatitisCvirus purified from cell culture scale 50 nanometers DiseasesDB 5783 ICD10 ICD10 B 17 1 b 15 ... more details
Taxobox name Hepatitis B virus image image width image caption virus group VII ordo Unassigned familia Hepadnaviridae genus Orthohepadnavirus species Woodchuck hepatitisvirus The Woodchuck hepatitisvirus is a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus . It is not a deadly virus. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Woodchuck HepatitisVirus Category Viral diseases Virus stub ... more details
Hepatitis F is a hypothetical virus linked to hepatitis . Several hepatitis F candidates emerged in the 1990s none of these reports have been substantiated. ref cite journal author Uchida, T. title Genetic Variations of the Hepatitis B Virus and Their Clinical Relevance journal Microbiol. Immunol. year 1993 pages 425 39 volume 37 issue 6 pmid 7694049 ref ref cite journal author Fagan, E. A. title Acute Liver Failure of Unknown Pathogenesis The Hidden Agenda journal Hepatology year 1994 pages 1307 12 volume 19 issue 5 pmid 8175156 doi 10.1002 hep.1840190532 ref ref name Bowden 2001 cite journal author Bowden, S. title New Hepatitis Viruses Contenders and Pretenders journal J Gastroenterol. Hepatol. year 2001 pages 124 31 volume 16 issue 2 pmid 11207890 doi 10.1046 j.1440 1746.2001.02405.x ref In 1994, Deka et al. reported that novel viral particles had been discovered in the stool of post transfusion, non hepatitis A , non hepatitis B , non hepatitisC , non hepatitis E patients. ref name ... of Indian rhesus monkey s caused hepatitis, and the virus was named hepatitis F or Toga virus . Further investigations failed to confirm the existence of the virus, and it was delisted as a cause for infectious hepatitis. ref name Bowden 2001 ref name Kelly 2002 cite journal author Kelly, D. Skidmore, S. title HepatitisC Z recent advances journal Arch. Dis. Child. year 2002 pages ... virus thought to cause hepatitis was named Hepatitis G virus, though its role in hepatitis has not been confirmed and it is now considered synonymous with GB virusC and is an orphan virus with no causal ..., S. Roudot Thoraval, F. title Hepatitis G Virus A Suitable Marker of in vivo Efficacy for Pathogen ... human stool samples that is associated with sporadic non A, non B hepatitis journal J. Virol. year ... 10.1111 j.1423 0410.2008.01050.x url ref References Reflist 2 Category Hepatitis F dv es Hepatitis F fr H patite F ja F zh ... more details
of the Hepatitis B virus , it is used for study as a safe alternative ref Wang, C. Y. J., Giambrone, J. J., & Smith, B. F. 2002 . Detection of Duck Hepatitis B Virus DNA on Filter Paper by PCR and SYBR ... in ducklings, duck hepatitisvirus , DHV 1, is a Picornavirus that is distributed all over the world ..., G., Yanguez, E., & Chen, Z. L. 2011 . The duck hepatitisvirus 5 UTR possesses HCVlike IRES activity ... , 8 147 , 1 11 ref . Duck hepatitisvirus , DHV, type 1 DHV 1 , type 1a DHV 1a , type 2 DHV 2 , and type ... between duck hepatitisvirus type 1 and type 1a is, in essence, the same as one another ref Kim, M. C., Kwon, Y. K., Joh, S. J., Kwon, J. H., & Lindberg, A. M. 2008 . Differential diagnosis between type specific duck hepatitisvirus type 1 DHV 1 and recent Korean DHV 1 like isolates using ... . The disease is not considered a zoonosis . Duck hepatitis B virus , or DHBV, is a part of the Hepadnaviridae family that also comprises human Hepatitis B virus and Woodchuck hepatitisvirus . It is vastly ... infection ref Wang, C. Y. J., Giambrone, J. J., & Smith, B. F. 2002 . Detection of Duck Hepatitis ..., K., & Summers, J. 1988 . Duck Hepatitis B Virus DHBV Particles Produced by Transient Expression ... 3516 ref . Classifications Duck hepatitisvirus type 1 is classified as an enterovirus , DHV 2 is an astrovirus ..., J. H. K. J. 2006 . Molecular analysis of duck hepatitisvirus type 1 reveals a novel lineage close .... References Reflist Duck HepatitisVirus , expert reviewed and published by Wikivet at http en.wikivet.net Duck HepatitisVirus, accessed 01 09 2011 Category Poultry diseases Category ...Taxobox name DHV I, DHV Ia, DHV II DHV III, and DHBV virus group iv familia Picornaviridae , Hepadnaviridae DHBV genus Enterovirus species Duck HepatitisVirus I, Ia, II, III, and Duck Hepatitis B Virus Introduction Duck hepatitis is caused by the enteroviruses DHV 1 and DHV 3. It is a fatal disease of ducklings causing opisthotonus and hepatitis . DHV 1 is found worldwide and causes disease in young ... more details
Taxobox name Duck hepatitis B virus image image width image caption virus group VII ordo Unassigned familia Hepadnaviridae genus Avihepadnavirus species Duck hepatitis B virus Duck Hepatitis B virus , abbreviated DHBV , is part of the Avihepadnavirus genus of the Hepadnaviridae , and is the causal agent of duck hepatitis B. DHBV is a small DNA virus with a diameter of 40 45 nm. The viral envelope is made up from host cell lipid, with viral surface antigens DHBsAg . The icosahedral nucleocapsid within, is composed of the virus core antigen DHBcAg and surrounds the DNA genome and viral polymerase. The viral genome is a circular double stranded DNA molecule about 3000 base pairs long. The genome has three overlapping open reading frames or ORFs C ORF encoding the core antigen and pre core protein which are processed and secreted as DHBcAg S ORF codes for the surface antigen DHBsAg P ORF encoding the viral polymerase. On binding and viral entry entry of the virus to the host cell, the genome is transported to the nucleus to be transcribed. Novel viral RNA is then transferred to the cytoplasm for translation and subsequent protein synthesis. The Duck Hepatitis B virus has provided a basis for the use of vaccines and prophylactic treatments for individuals at high risk of human Hepatitis B virus HBV . ref cite journal title Immune responses to duck hepatitis B virus infection. author Jilbert AR, Kotlarski I last first authorlink coauthors date 2000 Mar Apr year month work publisher National Center for Biotechnology Information volume 24 issue 2 3 pages 285 302 doi 10.1016 S0145 305X 99 00079 8 pmid 10717294 journal Developmental and comparative immunology ref The virus has also provided as a useful animal model in the absence of one from the HBV. ref cite journal title The earliest steps in hepatitis B virus infection. author Cooper A, Paran N, Shaul Y last first authorlink ... et Biophysica Acta ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Duck Hepatitis B Virus Category Pararetroviruses ... more details
title Novel subgenotypes of hepatitis B virus genotypes C and D in Papua, Indonesia journal J. Clin ...For the disease Hepatitis B Taxobox name Hepatitis B virus image Hepatitis B virus 1.jpg image width 160px image caption Transmission electron microscopy TEM micrograph showing hepatitis B viruses virus group VII ordo Unassigned familia Hepadnaviridae genus Orthohepadnavirus species Hepatitis B virusHepatitis B virus , abbreviated HBV , is a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus , which is likewise ... ref This virus causes the disease hepatitis B. ref name pmid18824707 Disease main Hepatitis ... al. title Solution structure of stem loop alpha of the hepatitis B virus post transcriptional regulatory ... hepatitis B virus and pancreatic cancer journal J. Clin. Oncol. volume 26 issue 28 pages 4557 62 year ... pmidlookup?view long&pmid 18824707 ref Classification The hepatitis B virus is classified as the type ... virus , Woodchuck hepatitisvirus , and the Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus . The genus is classified .... ref name pmid15752827 cite journal author Kramvis A, Kew M, Fran ois G title Hepatitis B virus ... and molecular epidemiology of the hepatitis B virus as reflected by sequence variability of the S gene ... Structure Hepatitis B virus is a member of the Hepadnaviridae Hepadnavirus family . ref name ... of hepatitis B virus journal Semin. Liver Dis. volume 24 issue Suppl 1 pages 3 10 year 2004 pmid ... Components It consists of HBsAg HBcAg HBeAg is a splice variant Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase ... DM, Zhu PA, Liu F title Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes proliferation and upregulates TGF beta1 ... year 2009 month February pmid 19208517 url http www.hbpdint.com text.asp?id 1196 ref Hepatitis D virus ... VV, Kootstra NA, Berkhout B, Zaaijer HL title Protein X of hepatitis B virus origin and structure ... NA, Berkhout B, Zaaijer HL 2011 Protein x of hepatitis B virus origin and structure similarity with the central ... in duck hepatitis B virus journal Intervirology volume 43 issue 3 pages 185 90 year 2000 pmid 11044813 ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Hepatitis E virus image Hepatitis E virus.jpg image caption Transmission electron microscopy TEM micrograph of hepatitis E virions. virus group iv familia Hepeviridae genus Hepevirus species Hepatitis E virusHepatitis E virus is the infective organism that causes hepatitis E . The viral particles are 27 to 34 nanometer s in diameter, are non enveloped and contain a single strand of positive sense RNA that is approximately 7300 bases in length. The virus particle was first visualised in 1983 ref cite journal author Balayan MS, Andjaparidze AG, Savinskaya SS, et al. title Evidence for a virus in non A, non B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal oral route journal Intervirology volume 20 issue 1 pages 23 31 year 1983 pmid 6409836 doi 10.1159 000149370 ref but was only molecularly cloned in 1990. ref cite journal author Reyes GR, Purdy MA, Kim JP, et al. title Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non A, non B hepatitis journal Science volume 247 issue 4948 pages 1335 9 year 1990 pmid 2107574 doi 10.1126 science.2107574 ref It was previously classified in the Caliciviridae family. However, its genome more closely resembles the rubella rubella virus . It is now classified as the only member of the genus Hepevirus in the Hepeviridae family. ref name ICTV Virus Taxonomy 2009 release cite web url http ictvonline.org virusTaxonomy.asp?version 2009 title ICTV Virus Taxonomy 2009 release work accessdate 2011 12 02 ref References Reflist 2 External links MeshName Hepatitis E virus http www.viprbrc.org brc home.do?decorator hepe Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource ViPR Hepeviridae Viral diseases DEFAULTSORT Hepatitis E Virus Category Hepatitis E Category Viruses it Epatite virale E ... more details
Taxobox virus group iv ordo Nidovirales familia Coronaviridae genus Coronavirus Mouse hepatitisvirus is a virus of the family Coronaviridae , genus coronavirus . Mouse hepatitisvirus MHV is a coronavirus that causes an epidemic murine illness with high mortality, especially among colonies of laboratory mice. Prior to the discovery of SARS CoV, MHV had been the best studied coronavirus both in vivo and in vitro as well as at the molecular level. Some strains of MHV cause a progressive demyelinating encephalitis in mice which has been used as a murine model for multiple sclerosis . Significant research efforts have been focused on elucidating the viral pathogenesis of these animal coronaviruses, especially by virologist s interested in veterinary and zoonotic diseases. References http www.dar.uiuc.edu FACT 20Sheets MHV.pdf search 22Mouse 20hepatitis 20virus 22 University of Illinois entry PDF DEFAULTSORT Mouse HepatitisVirus Category Nidovirales Category Animal diseases Category Animal virology Virus stub Veterinary med stub ja ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Hepatitis delta virus ribozyme image RF00094.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HDV ribozyme Symbol HDV ribozyme AltSymbols Rfam RF00094 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Gene ribozyme Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000374 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData Image PDB 1cx0 EBI.jpg thumb 200px left A representation of the 3D structure of the Hepatitis delta virus ribozyme. ref name pmid9783582 cite journal author Ferr D Amar AR, Zhou K, Doudna JA title Crystal structure of a hepatitis delta virus ribozyme journal Nature volume 395 issue 6702 pages 567 74 year 1998 pmid 9783582 doi 10.1038 26912 ref The hepatitis delta virus HDV ribozyme is a non coding RNA that is necessary for viral replication and is thought to be the only catalytic RNA known to be required for viability of a human pathogen . The ribozyme acts to process the RNA transcripts to unit lengths in a self cleavage reaction. The ribozyme is found to be active in vivo in the absence of any protein factors and is the fastest known naturally occurring self cleaving RNA. ref cite journal last Kuo first MY coauthors Sharmeen L, Dinter Gottlieb G, Taylor J year 1988 title Characterization of self cleaving RNA sequences on the genome and antigenome of human hepatitis delta virus journal J Virol volume 62 pages 4439&ndash 4444 pmid 3184270 issue 12 pmc 253552 ref The crystal structure of this ribozyme has been solved using X ray crystallography and shows five helical segments connected by a double pseudoknot . ref name pmid9783582 In addition to the sense genomic version , all HDV viruses also have an anti genomic ... J, et al. title Structure and replication of the genome of the hepatitis delta virus journal Proc ... J4 2 junction. The hepatitis delta virus ribozyme is structurally and biochemically related to the Mammalian ... links Rfam id RF00094 name Hepatitis delta virus ribozyme http subviral.med.uottawa.ca cgi bin ... more details
A hepatitisC vaccine refers to a vaccine used against hepatitisC . Although vaccines exist for hepatitis A and hepatitis B , development of a hepatitisC vaccine has presented challenges. ref name pmid10359539 cite journal author Randal J title HepatitisC vaccine hampered by viral complexity, many technical restraints journal J. Natl. Cancer Inst. volume 91 issue 11 pages 906 8 year 1999 month June pmid 10359539 doi 10.1093 jnci 91.11.906 url http jnci.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10359539 ref No vaccine is currently available, but several vaccines are currently under development. ref name pmid18501853 cite journal author Strickland GT, El Kamary SS, Klenerman P, Nicosia A title HepatitisC vaccine supply and demand journal Lancet Infect Dis volume 8 issue 6 pages 379 86 year 2008 month June pmid 18501853 doi 10.1016 S1473 3099 08 70126 9 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S1473 3099 08 70126 9 ref Some efforts have entered Phase I II human clinical trials. ref Cite journal last1 Halliday first1 J. last2 Klenerman first2 P. last3 Barnes first3 E. title Vaccination for hepatitisCvirus closing in on an evasive target. journal Expert Rev Vaccines volume 10 issue 5 pages 659 72 month May year 2011 doi 10.1586 erv.11.55 PMID 21604986 ref One effort has involved use of the hepatitis B core antigen . ref name pmid17203519 cite journal author Chen JY, Li F title Development of hepatitisCvirus vaccine using hepatitis B core antigen as immuno carrier journal World J. Gastroenterol. volume 12 issue 48 pages 7774 8 year 2006 month December pmid 17203519 doi url http www.wjgnet.com 1007 9327 12 7774.asp ref References reflist Category Vaccines Vaccines ... more details
Multiple issues wikify October 2010 orphan October 2010 no footnotes May 2011 The HepatitisC Trust is a registered charity in England and Scotland that campaigns on various issues related to hepatitisC . In particular, the charity aims to increase awareness and testing to provide services on a national and local level to people with, affected by, or at risk of contracting hepatitisC and to campaign for greater public understanding of the impact of hepatitisC. ref http www.hepctrust.org.uk The Trust About us About us.htm ref It is the only national hepatitisC specific charity in the UK and has offices in London and Edinburgh. Formed in 2001 by Charles Gore, The Trust was the first charity in the UK to be set up in response to hepatitisC. He had contracted the virus himself and was moved ... ref Gore is also the founder of the World Hepatitis Alliance, organiser of World Hepatitis Day on 28 July each year. The Trust is generally considered the UK s leading hepatitisC charity, and the largest ... personal experience of the virus. Its literature states the large majority of our staff, either paid or voluntary either have hepatitisC or have had it and cleared it after treatment. Charles Gore s statement, once the problem of hepatitisC is solved, we ll pack up, go home and get on with our lives ... Roddick Dame Anita Roddick was a patron and supporter of the Trust. Dame Anita had contracted hepatitisC through contaminated blood after the birth of her daughter more than 30 years before she was diagnosed ... Hepatitis Day in the UK. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links http www.hepctrust.org.uk HepatitisC Trust http www.gettested.org.uk Get Tested http www.worldhepatitisalliance.com World Hepatitis Alliance DEFAULTSORT HepatitisC Trust Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Charities based in the United Kingdom Category Hepatitis ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Hepatitis E virus cis reactive element image RF00550.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HepE CRE Symbol HepE CRE AltSymbols Rfam RF00550 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The Hepatitis E virus cis reactive element is a cis regulatory element RNA element that is thought to be essential for some step in gene expression . ref name Gra05 cite journal last Graff first J coauthors Nguyen H, Yu C, Elkins WR, St Claire M, Purcell RH, Emerson SU year 2005 title The open reading frame 3 gene of hepatitis E virus contains a cis reactive element and encodes a protein required for infection of macaques journal J Virol volume 79 pages 6680&ndash 6689 pmid 15890906 doi 10.1128 JVI.79.11.6680 6689.2005 issue 11 pmc 1112134 ref The mutation of this element resulted in Hepatitis E strains which were unable to infect Rhesus macaque s Macaca mulatta . ref name Gra05 References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00550 name Hepatitis E virus cis reactive element Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
hepatitisC is caused by the hepatitisCvirus HCV , which affects the liver and is transmitted ...File Liver.png thumb right upright The human liver , the site of hepatitisC infection alt Pencil drawing ... million people worldwide are infected by hepatitisC. ref cite web last Mukherjee first Sandeep title HepatitisC work eMedicine date 2008 06 30 url http www.emedicine.com MED topic993.htm accessdate ... about hepatitisC and to encourage more people to get tested for the disease. ref name hepsquads ... series Baywatch . Anderson claimed that she contracted hepatitisC after sharing a tattoo needle with her ...&ndash Stage name of actress Anne Marie Ballowe, who was infected by hepatitisC and HIV during the making ... 1990s. He was diagnosed with hepatitisC in 2000. ref cite book last Lawford first Christopher Kennedy coauthor Diana Sylvestre title Healing HepatitisC A Patient and a Doctor on the Epidemic s Front ... film Deep Throat film Deep Throat . She contracted hepatitisC from a blood transfusion after a car ... failure, liver failure, cirrhosis and hepatitisC. ref cite news title Rockets Redglare, 52, Film Actor ... complicated by hepatitisC. ref cite news title Lucy Saroyan work Variety date 2003 06 13 url http ... title HepatitisC Breakthrough Scientists Discover Drug That Cures More Patients in Less Time work Daily Mail date 2006 05 25 url http www.dailymail.co.uk health article 1380499 HepatitisC breakthrough ... of Benihana . His hepatitisC was caused by a blood transfusion after his near fatal boat accident ... Allman Being Treated for HepatitisC work NBC News publisher Associated Press date 2008 03 28 url ... swing band Asleep at the Wheel . Benson chose to treat his hepatitisC with Traditional Chinese medicine ... Share Their Battle with HepatitisC work American Statesman date 2005 03 10 url http www.austin360.com ... title Natalie Cole Says She Has HepatitisC publisher Associated Press work MSNBC date 2008 07 16 url ... with hepatitisC in February 2009 and was found to have pancreatic cancer during the course of his ... more details
Image HBV genome.png right thumb 300px The genome organisation of HBV. The genes overlap. ORF P, in blue, encodes Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase Hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase is a hepatitis B viral protein . ref name pmid10051501 cite journal author Ono Nita SK, Kato N, Shiratori Y, et al. title YMDD motif in hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase influences on replication and lamivudine resistance A study by in vitro full length viral DNA transfection journal Hepatology volume 29 issue 3 pages 939 45 year 1999 month March pmid 10051501 doi 10.1002 hep.510290340 ref ref name pmid8903366 cite journal author Shaw T, Mok SS, Locarnini SA title Inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase by enantiomers of penciclovir triphosphate and metabolic basis for selective inhibition of HBV replication by penciclovir journal Hepatology volume 24 issue 5 pages 996 1002 year 1996 month November pmid 8903366 doi 10.1002 hep.510240504 ref It encodes a DNA polymerase . References reflist Viral proteins virus stub Category Viral proteins es Virus de la hepatitis B ADN polimerasa ... more details
Rfam box acc HBV PREalpha description Hepatitis B virus PRE alpha abbreviation HBV PREalpha type Cis reg avg length 30 avg identity 00 ss Published PMID 9776740 se PMID 9776740 type Cis reg The Hepatitis B virus PREalpha HBV PREalpha is an RNA structure that is shown to play a role in nuclear export of HBV mRNAs. HBV PREalpha consists of a 30 nucleotide nt stem loop, with a 5 nt apical loop. The conserved stem loop was predicted within the HBV PRE sequence and confirmed by mutagenesis . ref cite journal doi 10.1093 nar 26.21.4818 last1 Smith Gj first1 3rd last2 Donello first2 JE last3 L ck first3 R last4 Steger first4 G last5 Hope first5 TJ title The hepatitis B virus post transcriptional regulatory element contains two conserved RNA stem loops which are required for function journal Nucleic Acids Research volume 26 issue 21 pages 4818 27 year 1998 pmid 9776740 pmc 147918 ref The Rfam structure is based on a covariation model. See also Hepatitis B virus PRE beta HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilon References reflist 1 External links Rfam id HBV PREalpha name Hepatitis B virus PRE alpha Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Rfam box acc HBV PREbeta description Hepatitis B virus PRE beta abbreviation HBV PREbeta type Cis reg avg length 23 avg identity 00 ss Published PMID 9776740 se PMID 9776740 type Cis reg The Hepatitis B virus PREbeta HBV PREbeta is an RNA structure that is shown to play a role in nuclear export of HBV mRNAs. The minimal HBV PREbeta structure consists of a 23 nt stem loop, with a 9 nt apical loop. The conserved stem loop was predicted within the HBV PRE sequence and confirmed by mutagenesis . ref cite journal doi 10.1093 nar 26.21.4818 last1 Smith Gj first1 3rd last2 Donello first2 JE last3 L ck first3 R last4 Steger first4 G last5 Hope first5 TJ title The hepatitis B virus post transcriptional regulatory element contains two conserved RNA stem loops which are required for function journal Nucleic Acids Research volume 26 issue 21 pages 4818 27 year 1998 pmid 9776740 pmc 147918 ref The Rfam structure is based on a covariation model. See also Hepatitis B virus PRE alpha HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilon References reflist 1 External links Rfam id HBV PREbeta name Hepatitis B virus PRE beta Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisC stem loop IV image RF00469.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HCV SLIV Symbol HCV SLIV AltSymbols Rfam RF00469 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The HepatitisC stem loop IV is part of a putative cis regulatory element RNA element found in the NS5B coding region. This element along with HepatitisCvirus stem loop VII stem loop VII , is important but not essential for colony formation, though its exact function and mechanism are unknown. ref cite journal last Lee first H coauthors Shin H, Wimmer E, Paul AV year 2004 title cis acting RNA signals in the NS5B C terminal coding sequence of the hepatitisCvirus genome journal J Virol volume 78 pages 10865&ndash 10877 pmid 15452207 doi 10.1128 JVI.78.20.10865 10877.2004 issue 20 pmc 521798 ref See also HepatitisC alternative reading frame stem loop HepatitisCvirus HCV cis acting replication element CRE HepatitisCvirus 3 X element Hepatitis E virus cis reactive element References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00469 name HepatitisC stem loop IV Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Hepatitis A virus internal ribosome entry site IRES image RF00228.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of IRES HepA Symbol IRES HepA AltSymbols HepA IRES Rfam RF00228 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Internal ribosome entry site IRES Tax domain Virus es GO GO 0043022 SO SO 0000243 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData This family represents the internal ribosome entry site IRES of the Hepatitis A virus . ref cite journal last Brown first EA coauthors Zajac AJ, Lemon SM year 1994 title In vitro characterization of an internal ribosomal entry site IRES present within the 5 nontranslated region of hepatitis A virus RNA comparison with the IRES of encephalomyocarditis virus journal J Virol volume 68 pages 1066&ndash 1074 pmid 8289336 issue 2 pmc 236545 ref IRES elements allow cap and end independent Translation biology translation of mRNA in the host cell. The IRES achieves this by mediating the internal initiation of translation by recruiting a ribosomal 43S pre initiation complex directly to the initiation codon and eliminates the requirement for eukaryotic initiation factor , eIF4F. ref cite journal last Kolupaeva first VG coauthors Pestova TV, Hellen CU year 2000 title Ribosomal binding to the internal ribosomal entry site of classical swine fever virus journal RNA volume 6 pages 1791&ndash 1807 pmid 11142379 doi 10.1017 S1355838200000662 issue 12 pmc 1370049 ref References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00228 name Hepatitis A virus internal ribosome entry site IRES Category Cis regulatory RNA elements Category Internal ribosome entry site molecular cell biology stub ... more details
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