File Liver.png thumb right upright The human liver , the site of hepatitis C infection alt Pencil drawing ... hepatitis C is caused by the hepatitis C virus HCV , which affects the liver and is transmitted ... infection can cause inflammation of the liver chronic hepatitis . This condition can progress to scarring ... cite journal author Choo, Q. G. Kuo A. Weiner Overby, L. Bradley, D Houghton, M title Isolation of a cDNA Clone Derived from a Blood Borne Non A, Non B Viral Hepatitis Genome journal Science volume ... million people worldwide are infected by hepatitis C. ref cite web last Mukherjee first Sandeep title Hepatitis C work eMedicine date 2008 06 30 url http www.emedicine.com MED topic993.htm accessdate ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention date 2008 07 21 url http www.cdc.gov hepatitis HCV HCVfaq.htm ... hepatitis About Hepatitis pdf 1.1.2 Training Resources hs 14.pdf format pdf accessdate 2008 08 04 ref ... about hepatitis C and to encourage more people to get tested for the disease. ref name hepsquads ... series Baywatch . Anderson claimed that she contracted hepatitis C after sharing a tattoo needle with her ...&ndash Stage name of actress Anne Marie Ballowe, who was infected by hepatitis C and HIV during the making ... 1990s. He was diagnosed with hepatitis C in 2000. ref cite book last Lawford first Christopher Kennedy coauthor Diana Sylvestre title Healing Hepatitis C A Patient and a Doctor on the Epidemic s Front ... film Deep Throat film Deep Throat . She contracted hepatitis C from a blood transfusion after a car ... and its spin off Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. , Nabors received a liver transplant after contracting hepatitis ... failure, liver failure, cirrhosis and hepatitis C. ref cite news title Rockets Redglare, 52, Film Actor ... complicated by hepatitis C. ref cite news title Lucy Saroyan work Variety date 2003 06 13 url http ... title Hepatitis C Breakthrough Scientists Discover Drug That Cures More Patients in Less Time work Daily Mail date 2006 05 25 url http www.dailymail.co.uk health article 1380499 Hepatitis C breakthrough ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Hepatitis E virus image Hepatitis E virus.jpg image caption Transmission electron microscopy TEM micrograph of hepatitis E virions. virus group iv familia Hepeviridae genus Hepevirus species Hepatitis E virus Hepatitis E virus is the infective organism that causes hepatitis E . The viral particles are 27 to 34 nanometer s in diameter, are non enveloped and contain a single strand of positive sense RNA that is approximately 7300 bases in length. The virus particle was first visualised in 1983 ref cite journal author Balayan MS, Andjaparidze AG, Savinskaya SS, et al. title Evidence for a virus in non A, non B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal oral route journal Intervirology volume 20 issue 1 pages 23 31 year 1983 pmid 6409836 doi 10.1159 000149370 ref but was only molecularly cloned in 1990. ref cite journal author Reyes GR, Purdy MA, Kim JP, et al. title Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non A, non B hepatitis journal Science volume 247 issue 4948 pages 1335 9 year 1990 pmid 2107574 doi 10.1126 science.2107574 ref It was previously classified in the Caliciviridae family. However, its genome more closely resembles the rubella rubella virus . It is now classified as the only member of the genus Hepevirus in the Hepeviridae family. ref name ICTV Virus Taxonomy 2009 release cite web url http ictvonline.org virusTaxonomy.asp?version 2009 title ICTV Virus Taxonomy 2009 release work accessdate 2011 12 02 ref References Reflist 2 External links MeshName Hepatitis E virus http www.viprbrc.org brc home.do?decorator hepe Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource ViPR Hepeviridae Viral diseases DEFAULTSORT Hepatitis E Virus Category Hepatitis E Category Viruses it Epatite virale E ... more details
A hepatitis C vaccine refers to a vaccine used against hepatitis C . Although vaccines exist for hepatitis A and hepatitis B , development of a hepatitis C vaccine has presented challenges. ref name pmid10359539 cite journal author Randal J title Hepatitis C vaccine hampered by viral complexity, many technical restraints journal J. Natl. Cancer Inst. volume 91 issue 11 pages 906 8 year 1999 month June pmid 10359539 doi 10.1093 jnci 91.11.906 url http jnci.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10359539 ref No vaccine is currently available, but several vaccines are currently under development. ref name pmid18501853 cite journal author Strickland GT, El Kamary SS, Klenerman P, Nicosia A title Hepatitis C vaccine supply and demand journal Lancet Infect Dis volume 8 issue 6 pages 379 86 year 2008 month June pmid 18501853 doi 10.1016 S1473 3099 08 70126 9 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S1473 3099 08 70126 9 ref Some efforts have entered Phase I II human clinical trials. ref Cite journal last1 Halliday first1 J. last2 Klenerman first2 P. last3 Barnes first3 E. title Vaccination for hepatitis C virus closing in on an evasive target. journal Expert Rev Vaccines volume 10 issue 5 pages 659 72 month May year 2011 doi 10.1586 erv.11.55 PMID 21604986 ref One effort has involved use of the hepatitis B core antigen . ref name pmid17203519 cite journal author Chen JY, Li F title Development of hepatitis C virus vaccine using hepatitis B core antigen as immuno carrier journal World J. Gastroenterol. volume 12 issue 48 pages 7774 8 year 2006 month December pmid 17203519 doi url http www.wjgnet.com 1007 9327 12 7774.asp ref References reflist Category Vaccines Vaccines ... more details
Multiple issues wikify October 2010 orphan October 2010 no footnotes May 2011 The Hepatitis C Trust is a registered charity in England and Scotland that campaigns on various issues related to hepatitis C . In particular, the charity aims to increase awareness and testing to provide services on a national and local level to people with, affected by, or at risk of contracting hepatitis C and to campaign for greater public understanding of the impact of hepatitis C. ref http www.hepctrust.org.uk The Trust About us About us.htm ref It is the only national hepatitis C specific charity in the UK and has offices in London and Edinburgh. Formed in 2001 by Charles Gore, The Trust was the first charity in the UK to be set up in response to hepatitis C. He had contracted the virus himself and was moved to act as a result of the general lack of information and apathy he encountered during his own eventual diagnosis and treatment. ref http www.hepctrust.org.uk Get Involved Personal Stories Charles story.htm ref Gore is also the founder of the World Hepatitis Alliance, organiser of World Hepatitis Day on 28 July each year. The Trust is generally considered the UK s leading hepatitis C charity, and the largest ... or voluntary either have hepatitis C or have had it and cleared it after treatment. Charles Gore s statement, once the problem of hepatitis C is solved, we ll pack up, go home and get on with our lives ... Roddick Dame Anita Roddick was a patron and supporter of the Trust. Dame Anita had contracted hepatitis ... Hepatitis Day in the UK. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links http www.hepctrust.org.uk Hepatitis C Trust http www.gettested.org.uk Get Tested http www.worldhepatitisalliance.com World Hepatitis Alliance DEFAULTSORT Hepatitis C Trust Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Charities based in the United Kingdom Category Hepatitis ... more details
name cnn casualties3 notes The early 2009 Gujarat hepatitis B outbreak is a hepatitis B epidemic that spread ...?id NEWEN20090084387&ch 2 22 2009 202 28 00 20PM title Doctor arrested in Gujarat Hepatitis B outbreak ... investigated and arrested after the outbreaks. Hepatitis B main Hepatitis B virus The hepatitis B virus infects the liver and causes an inflammation called hepatitis . It is a DNA virus and one of many unrelated viruses that cause Hepatitis Viral viral hepatitis . The disease, originally known as serum hepatitis , ref name pmid8769597 cite journal author Barker LF, Shulman NR, Murray R, et al. title Transmission of serum hepatitis. 1970 journal JAMA volume 276 issue 10 pages 841 4 year 1996 pmid ... epidemiology endemic in Hepatitis B in China China . ref name pmid16941687 cite journal author ... s population , more than 2 billion people, have been infected with the hepatitis B virus. ref http www.who.int mediacentre factsheets fs204 en index.html WHO Hepatitis B ref This includes 350 million chronic carriers of the virus. ref http liver.stanford.edu Education faq.html FAQ about Hepatitis B ... and jaundice . The infection is preventable by Hepatitis B vaccine vaccination . ref name pmid17673066 cite journal author Pungpapong S, Kim WR, Poterucha JJ title Natural history of hepatitis B virus ... pmid 17673066 doi 10.4065 82.8.967 ref Transmission of hepatitis B results from exposure to infectious ... NJ, Barrett DH, Bond WW, Berquist KR, Favero MS, Bender TR, Maynard JE title Hepatitis B surface antigen ... web url http www.health.vic.gov.au ideas diseases hepb title Hepatitis B the facts IDEAS Victorian ... 28 February 2009 DASHBot deadurl no ref However, at least 30 of reported cases of hepatitis ... author Shapiro CN title Epidemiology of hepatitis B journal Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. volume 12 issue ... were accused of re using syringe s, which had been contaminated with hepatitis B virus , to treat ... article ALeqM5g29tQIR3Aol0TtjjR R90 GzGteg title Doctors held over hepatitis deaths date 2009 02 ... more details
DHBV genus Enterovirus species Duck Hepatitis Virus I, Ia, II, III, and Duck Hepatitis B Virus Introduction Duck hepatitis is caused by the enteroviruses DHV 1 and DHV 3. It is a fatal disease of ducklings causing opisthotonus and hepatitis . DHV 1 is found worldwide and causes disease in young ... in ducklings, duck hepatitis virus , DHV 1, is a Picornavirus that is distributed all over the world ..., G., Yanguez, E., & Chen, Z. L. 2011 . The duck hepatitis virus 5 UTR possesses HCVlike IRES activity ... , 8 147 , 1 11 ref . Duck hepatitis virus , DHV, type 1 DHV 1 , type 1a DHV 1a , type 2 DHV 2 , and type ... between duck hepatitis virus type 1 and type 1a is, in essence, the same as one another ref ... between type specific duck hepatitis virus type 1 DHV 1 and recent Korean DHV 1 like isolates using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathology , 37 2 , 171 177 ref . Duck Hepatitis is a Class ... . The disease is not considered a zoonosis . Duck hepatitis B virus , or DHBV, is a part of the Hepadnaviridae family that also comprises human Hepatitis B virus and Woodchuck hepatitis virus . It is vastly found among the wild and domestic duck population due to being passed on in utero. Duck hepatitis ... infection ref Wang, C. Y. J., Giambrone, J. J., & Smith, B. F. 2002 . Detection of Duck Hepatitis ... of the Hepatitis B virus , it is used for study as a safe alternative ref Wang, C. Y. J., Giambrone, J. J., & Smith, B. F. 2002 . Detection of Duck Hepatitis B Virus DNA on Filter Paper by PCR and SYBR ..., K., & Summers, J. 1988 . Duck Hepatitis B Virus DHBV Particles Produced by Transient Expression ... 3516 ref . Classifications Duck hepatitis virus type 1 is classified as an enterovirus , DHV 2 is an astrovirus ..., J. H. K. J. 2006 . Molecular analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1 reveals a novel lineage close .... References Reflist Duck Hepatitis Virus , expert reviewed and published by Wikivet at http en.wikivet.net Duck Hepatitis Virus, accessed 01 09 2011 Category Poultry diseases Category ... more details
Taxobox virus group iv ordo Nidovirales familia Coronaviridae genus Coronavirus Mouse hepatitis virus is a virus of the family Coronaviridae , genus coronavirus . Mouse hepatitis virus MHV is a coronavirus that causes an epidemic murine illness with high mortality, especially among colonies of laboratory mice. Prior to the discovery of SARS CoV, MHV had been the best studied coronavirus both in vivo and in vitro as well as at the molecular level. Some strains of MHV cause a progressive demyelinating encephalitis in mice which has been used as a murine model for multiple sclerosis . Significant research efforts have been focused on elucidating the viral pathogenesis of these animal coronaviruses, especially by virologist s interested in veterinary and zoonotic diseases. References http www.dar.uiuc.edu FACT 20Sheets MHV.pdf search 22Mouse 20hepatitis 20virus 22 University of Illinois entry PDF DEFAULTSORT Mouse Hepatitis Virus Category Nidovirales Category Animal diseases Category Animal virology Virus stub Veterinary med stub ja ... more details
Taxobox name Duck hepatitis B virus image image width image caption virus group VII ordo Unassigned familia Hepadnaviridae genus Avihepadnavirus species Duck hepatitis B virus Duck Hepatitis B virus , abbreviated DHBV , is part of the Avihepadnavirus genus of the Hepadnaviridae , and is the causal agent of duck hepatitis B. DHBV is a small DNA virus with a diameter of 40 45 nm. The viral envelope is made up from host cell lipid, with viral surface antigens DHBsAg . The icosahedral nucleocapsid within, is composed of the virus core antigen DHBcAg and surrounds the DNA genome and viral polymerase. The viral genome is a circular double stranded DNA molecule about 3000 base pairs long. The genome has three overlapping open reading frames or ORFs C ORF encoding the core antigen and pre core protein which are processed and secreted as DHBcAg S ORF codes for the surface antigen DHBsAg P ORF encoding the viral polymerase. On binding and viral entry entry of the virus to the host cell, the genome is transported to the nucleus to be transcribed. Novel viral RNA is then transferred to the cytoplasm for translation and subsequent protein synthesis. The Duck Hepatitis B virus has provided a basis for the use of vaccines and prophylactic treatments for individuals at high risk of human Hepatitis B virus HBV . ref cite journal title Immune responses to duck hepatitis B virus infection. author Jilbert AR, Kotlarski I last first authorlink coauthors date 2000 Mar Apr year month work publisher National Center for Biotechnology Information volume 24 issue 2 3 pages 285 302 doi 10.1016 S0145 305X 99 00079 8 pmid 10717294 journal Developmental and comparative immunology ref The virus has also provided as a useful animal model in the absence of one from the HBV. ref cite journal title The earliest steps in hepatitis B virus infection. author Cooper A, Paran N, Shaul Y last first authorlink ... et Biophysica Acta ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Duck Hepatitis B Virus Category Pararetroviruses ... more details
no footnotes date October 2011 virusbox Introduction The aetiological agent of Turkey Viral Hepatitis is a virus from the Picornaviridae family. The disease is restricted to Turkey bird turkeys and is highly contagious but usually subclinical . It usually present in young birds under the age of 6 weeks. It has been seen in Canada, Italy, the USA and the UK. Transmission is thought to be via the Fecal oral route faeces and vertical transmission may also occur. Clinical Signs and Diagnosis Affected turkeys may show systemic signs such as Anorexia symptom anorexia , lethargy and death. Hepatic encephalopathy occurs secondary to liver involvement. Egg hatching and production can be affected. Diagnosis relies on isolation of the virus from samples of internal organs or the faeces inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs. The main necropsy findings are multiple necrotic lesions on the liver and sometimes the spleen. Treatment and Control There is no specific treatment for the condition. Control may rely on boosting bird immunity, preventing group mixing and faecal spreading. References Turkey Viral Hepatitis , expert reviewed and published by Wikivet at http en.wikivet.net Turkey Viral Hepatitis accessed 07 10 2011. Category Animal virology Category Viral diseases Category Picornaviruses Category Bird diseases Veterinary med stub ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 Hepatitis B is Endemic epidemiology endemic in China . ref Cite web url http www.who.int csr disease hepatitis whocdscsrlyo20022 en index4.html title Hepatitis B Surveillance ... worldwide infected with the hepatitis B virus HBV , one third reside in China. ref name pmid15602165 ... of immunization that would limit the spread of hepatitis B effectively. Epidemiology Prevalence Of the 350 million to 400 million individuals worldwide infected with the hepatitis B virus HBV , one third ... a 5 year period, 10.0 of patients with chronic hepatitis developed cirrhosis , and 20.3 of the cases ... and chronic hepatitis progressed to hepatocellular carcinoma HCC . 5 year survival for compensated cirrhosis ... journal last CW first Si title Current status and problem of chronic hepatitis B journal Clin Med J ..., including 180,000 patients with HCC. ref Cite pmid 15623388 ref However, the incidence of hepatitis ... 2004 title Analysis on epidemic status of viral hepatitis in China journal Disease Surveillance issue ... Nov title Epidemiological Analysis on Reported Hepatitis B Under 15 Years in China journal China s immunization ... is unknown, because hepatitis B has no clear transmission routes in many people in China, although ... children living in the country s poorest provinces against hepatitis B according to the Chinese ... a long way to go before immunisation levels reach a percentage able to limit the spread of hepatitis ... is in urgent need of a comprehensive hepatitis B vaccination program. Surveillance is still poor ... burden at 120 million people chronically infected with hepatitis B, one third of the burden 360 ... of chronic hepatitis B. Since many children 5 years of age and older in Qinghai were not vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus at birth, a private public partnership was formed between the Ping ... Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention ... of A province wide catch up vaccination program that reached 600,000 children in 2,200 schools, and A hepatitis ... more details
File Foetite grangreneuse berbis foete.jpg thumb Liver of sheep dying from infectious necrotic hepatitis Infectious necrotic hepatitis is a disease of large animals, especially sheep , caused by Clostridium novyi infection. The primary infection is intestinal and transferred by the faecal oral route. Spores of C. novyi escape from the gut and lodge in the liver where they remain dormant until some injury creates Anaerobic organism anaerobic conditions for them to germinate causing local necrosis and widespread damage to the capillaries microvascular system resulting in subcutaneous bleeding and blackening of the skin, hence the common name, black disease. ref http www.merckvetmanual.com mvm index.jsp?cfile htm bc 22808.htm Merck Veterinary Manual. ref In sheep In sheep , the disease, referred to as black disease , results from interaction of bacteria especially Clostridium novyi and fluke Fasciola hepatica . ref Jensen, Rue & Brinton L. 1982 Diseases of Sheep Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger ISBN 0 8121 0836 1 p. 210 213. ref Symptoms As other enterotoxemia s, the disease leads to sudden death. Nevertheless, sheep with previous vaccination can show a protracted course. The rest of the flock may show loss of appetite and pica . ref Mahin, Lucien, veterinary practitionner, personnal communication. ref Post mortem lesions Peritoneal and thoracic cavities contains a grat quantity of fluids, as does pericardial sac. The liver is swollen with sometimes perihepatitis . Their appear a great number of necrotic foci, 3 to 4 mm diameter, which extend deeply in the organ. Hepatic lymph nodes are enlarged. The gall bladder is full. Subcutaneous tissues are full of cyanotic venous blood. They may darken the hide, hence the name black disease . ref Jensen & Brinton, op cit . ref References references Commons Category Infectious necrotic hepatitis infectious necrotic hepatitis Category Animal diseases Category Diseases of sheep wa Foetite grangreneuse ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Hepatitis delta virus ribozyme image RF00094.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HDV ribozyme Symbol HDV ribozyme AltSymbols Rfam RF00094 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Gene ribozyme Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000374 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData Image PDB 1cx0 EBI.jpg thumb 200px left A representation of the 3D structure of the Hepatitis delta virus ribozyme. ref name pmid9783582 cite journal author Ferr D Amar AR, Zhou K, Doudna JA title Crystal structure of a hepatitis delta virus ribozyme journal Nature volume 395 issue 6702 pages 567 74 year 1998 pmid 9783582 doi 10.1038 26912 ref The hepatitis delta virus HDV ribozyme is a non coding RNA that is necessary for viral replication and is thought to be the only catalytic RNA known to be required for viability of a human pathogen . The ribozyme acts to process the RNA transcripts to unit lengths in a self cleavage reaction. The ribozyme is found to be active in vivo in the absence of any protein factors and is the fastest known naturally occurring self cleaving RNA. ref cite journal last Kuo first MY coauthors Sharmeen L, Dinter Gottlieb G, Taylor J year 1988 title Characterization of self cleaving RNA sequences on the genome and antigenome of human hepatitis delta virus journal J Virol volume 62 pages 4439&ndash 4444 pmid 3184270 issue 12 pmc 253552 ref The crystal structure of this ribozyme has been solved using X ray crystallography and shows five helical segments connected by a double pseudoknot . ref name pmid9783582 In addition to the sense genomic version , all HDV viruses also have an anti genomic ... J, et al. title Structure and replication of the genome of the hepatitis delta virus journal Proc ... J4 2 junction. The hepatitis delta virus ribozyme is structurally and biochemically related to the Mammalian ... links Rfam id RF00094 name Hepatitis delta virus ribozyme http subviral.med.uottawa.ca cgi bin ... more details
notability date June 2010 orphan date May 2010 italictitle Infobox Journal cover discipline Medical research Biomedical website http www.hepatitisbannual.org publisher Medknow Publications country India frequency Annual abbreviation Hep B Annual. history 2004 present ISSN 0972 9747 eISSN 1998 3573 Hepatitis B Annual ISSN Print 0972 9747, Online 1998 3573 is peer reviewed open access journal published on behalf of the Kalinga Gastroenterology Foundation. The journal publishes articles on the subject of Hepatitis B. The journal is indexed with Abstracts on Hygiene and Communicable Diseases , CAB Abstracts, Caspur, DOAJ, EBSCO Publishing s Electronic Databases, Excerpta Medica EMBASE, Expanded Academic ASAP, Genamics JournalSeek, Global Health, Google Scholar, Health & Wellness Research Center, Health Reference Center Academic, Hinari, Index Copernicus, OpenJGate, SCOLOAR, SIIC databases, Tropical Diseases Bulletin, Ulrich s International Periodical Directory. External links http www.hepatitisbannual.org Official Website Category Open access journals Category Medknow Publications academic journals Category Annual journals Category English language journals Category Gastroenterology and hepatology journals Category Publications established in 2004 ... more details
D can refer to D band , based in Anacortes, Washington Digital , a Spanish satellite television platform D grade , an academic grade Disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
lowercase title d The sensitivity index or d pronounced dee prime is a statistic used in signal detection theory . It provides the separation between the means of the signal and the noise distributions, in units of the standard deviation of the noise distribution. An estimate of d can be found from measurements of the hit rate and False alarm false alarm rate. It is calculated as d Z hit rate Z false alarm rate , where function Z p , p &isin 0,1 , is the inverse of the Normal distribution Cumulative distribution function cumulative Gaussian distribution . A higher d indicates that the signal can be more readily detected. See also Receiver Operating Characteristic R.O.C. Summary Statistics References Wickens, Thomas D. 2001 Elementary Signal Detection Theory , OUP USA. ISBN 0195092503 Ch.2, p.20 . http books.google.com books?vid ISBN0195092503&id s3pGN se4v0C&pg PA22&lpg PA22&dq Thomas D. Wickens Excerpts External links Please see Wikipedia External links for guidelines on appropriate external links. http wise.cgu.edu sdtmod index.asp Interactive signal detection theory tutorial including calculation of d . Category Detection theory Category Signal processing Category Summary statistics Signal processing stub stat stub ... more details
A D may be Adrian & the Mysterious D Architecture and Design Museum, Los Angeles disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
about a search algorithm the digital voice and data protocol specification D STAR the physical quantity Specific detectivity Graph search algorithm D pronounced D star is any one of the following three related incremental heuristic search incremental search algorithms The original D ref Citation last ... incremental search algorithm. Focused D ref Citation last Stentz first Anthony title The Focussed D Algorithm for Real Time Replanning journal In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference ..., 1968. ref and the original D . Focused D resulted from a further development of the original D . D ... and D. Furcy. Lifelong Planning A . Artificial Intelligence Journal, 155, 1&ndash 2 , 93&ndash ... algorithms are more efficient than repeated A searches. D and its variants have been widely used ... based on D Lite rather than the original D or Focused D . In fact, even Stentz s lab uses D Lite rather than D in some implementations. ref D. Wooden, Graph based Path Planning for Mobile Robots, Dissertation ... . D The original D was introduced by Anthony Stentz in 1994. The name D comes from the term ... runs. Operation The basic operation of D is outlined below. Like Dijkstra s algorithm and A , D ... follows the path from start to finish, D begins by searching backwards from the goal node. Each ... of RAISE and LOWER states are the heart of D . By this point, a whole series of other points are prevented ... as unattainably marked points with new route information. Focused D As its name suggests, Focused D is an extension of D which uses a heuristic to focus the propagation of RAISE and LOWER toward the robot ... for some of the nodes. D Lite D Lite is not based on the original D or Focused D , but implements ... the name D Lite . Performance wise, it is as good or better than Focused D . D Lite is based on Lifelong ... For D , it is important to distinguish between current and minimum costs. The former is only important ... D search algorithm Category Robot control Category Search algorithms Category Graph algorithms de ... more details
D means Placed before a U.S. state , usually in parentheses, indicates the person it applies to is a Democratic Party United States Democratic Party politician of that state. R is used for the Republican Party United States Republican Party . An academic grade given by certain institutions. Slightly better than an F and slightly worse than a D . See Grade education . A prefix signifying chirality chemistry chirality of a molecule See also Rep. Sen. Disambig ... more details
The D or Plus D was a floppy disk and computer printer printer Electrical connector interface for the Sinclair Research Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer , developed as a successor to Miles Gordon Technology s earlier product, the DISCiPLE . It was designed to be smaller, cheaper, simpler and thus more reliable. It discarded a number of the less important features of the earlier product the computer network network and joystick ports, the inhibit button and the pass through connector and replaced its ancestor s plastic wedge shaped design which fit under the Spectrum with a simple flat metal slab which protruded from the rear of the computer. It provided only floppy disk and Centronics parallel interfaces, plus a non maskable interrupt button. The D s casing was simple folded steel, which was not only stronger than before but acted as a heatsink, improving reliability. Apart from the missing ports, though, it was software compatible with the larger device. The D s disk operating system DOS was named G DOS , and was compatible with the DISCiPLE s DOS, GDOS . SAM DOS for MGT s SAM Coup was backwards compatible with GDOS and G DOS. In later years a complete new system called UNI DOS was developed by SD Software for the DISCiPLE and D interfaces. ref http www.sinclair.hu speccyalista konyvtar kezikonyvek MGT PlusD Disciple UniDos Manual.pdf UNI DOS Manual ref The Complete D Disassembly by Rudy Biesma documents the G DOS system 2a version. ref http www.biehold.nl rudy index.htm Rudy Biesma s homepage ref The popularity of the DISCiPLE led to the formation of a user group and magazine ... Nieuwsbrief in the Netherlands produced enhancements such as extended printer support. The D ... NotThePlusD How to build a D for yourself http www.rwapsoftware.co.uk spectrum spectrum storage.html rwapsoftware.co.uk still offer the D Disk Interface for sale References reflist DEFAULTSORT Plus D Category ZX Spectrum es Plus D it D ... more details
The 2003 United States hepatitis A outbreak was the most widespread hepatitis A outbreak in the United States. It afflicted at least 640 people, killing 3, in north eastern Ohio and south western Pennsylvania in late 2003. The outbreak was blamed on tainted scallion green onion s at a restaurant in Monaca, Pennsylvania . ref cite web url http www.cdc.gov mmwR preview mmwrhtml mm5247a5.htm title Hepatitis A Outbreak Associated with Green Onions at a Restaurant Monaca, Pennsylvania, 2003 accessdate 2011 10 08 date November 28, 2003 quote The Pennsylvania Department of Health and CDC are investigating an outbreak of hepatitis A outbreak among patrons of a restaurant Restaurant A at the Beaver Valley Mall in the Pittsburgh suburb of Monaca, Pennsylvania . As of November 20, approximately 555 persons with hepatitis A have been identified, including at least 13 Restaurant A food service workers and 75 residents of six other states who dined at Restaurant A. Three persons have died. Preliminary sequence analysis of a 340 nucleotide region of viral RNA obtained from three patrons who had hepatitis A indicated that all three virus sequences were identical. Preliminary analysis of a case control study implicated green onions as the source of the outbreak. ... publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ref References reflist Category Hepatitis Category Health in Ohio Category 2000s medical outbreaks Category Health in the United States Category Foodborne illnesses Category 2003 health disasters Category 2003 in Ohio Category 2003 disasters in the United States ... more details
last1 Anderson first1 KB last2 Guest first2 JL last3 Rimland first3 D title Hepatitis C virus ...In HIV HCV co infected patients, the Hepatitis C HCV viral load is higher than in HCV mono infected patients in both the plasma and liver tissue. Patients who are HIV positive are commonly co infected with HCV due to shared routes of transmission percutaneous exposure to blood, sexual intercourse , and from ... protein 10 kDa predicts the first phase decline in hepatitis C virus RNA and overall viral response to therapy in chronic hepatitis C journal Hepatology volume 51 issue 5 pages 1523 30 year 2010 ... interferon alfa 2b vs standard interferon alfa 2b, plus ribavirin, for chronic hepatitis C in HIV infected ... Alfa 2a plus ribavirin versus interferon alfa 2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in HIV ... first9 C title Peginterferon Alfa 2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in HIV ... HIV outpatient clinic in Sweden feasibility and results of hepatitis C treatment journal Scandinavian ... infected with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and HIV journal Scandinavian Journal of Infectious ... hepatitis C virus infection journal The Journal of Infectious Diseases volume 194 issue 7 pages ... N title Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in human immunodeficiency virus hepatitis C virus coinfected ... first2 GM title Peginterferon alpha 2a 40kD plus ribavirin a review of its use in hepatitis C ... Alvarez first5 D last6 Dejesus first6 E last7 Leitz first7 GJ author8 for the HIV HCV Coinfection Study Group title Epoetin alfa once weekly improves anemia in HIV hepatitis C virus coinfected patients ... 01.qai.0000167158.90722.73 cite journal last1 Sulkowski first1 MS last2 Thomas first2 DL title Hepatitis ... External links http hivinsite.ucsf.edu InSite?page kb 00&doc kb 05 03 04 Coinfection with Hepatitis ... Base Chapter, March 2006. http www.hepatitis.va.gov National Hepatitis C Program U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Category Hepatitis Category HIV AIDS ... more details
Infobox musical artist name D A D image D A D 2005 Roskilde.jpg caption D A D at the Roskilde Festival , 2005. image size Only for images narrower than 220 pixels background group or band alias Disneyland After Dark origin Copenhagen , Denmark genre Melodic rock br Hard rock br Cowpunk br Glam metal years active 1982 present label Mermaid Records br EMI br Warner Bros. Records US 1989 1992 associated acts B hse Onkelz , Der W website http www.d a d.dk D A D.dk current members Jesper Binzer br Jacob Binzer br Stig Pedersen br Laust Sonne past members Lene Glumer, Peter Lundholm Jensen. D A D is a Denmark ... as melodic heavy rock. They have also used the names D.A.D. , D A D and D A D , each name representing a period in the band s history. History In the early 1980s in Copenhagen , Denmark , D A D started ... reflected their music. The first lineup of D A D consisted of Jesper, Stig, Peter and Stig s girlfriend ... by little he became a member of D A D. The band wanted to make a record, so they began recording ... of the Wild D A D album Call of the Wild in 1986. The group made their international breakthrough ... ADS band ADS . He was founder of the band, but was eventually kicked out in 82 , so he founded D A D ... Call of the Wild D A D album Call of the Wild Released February 4, 1986 Producers Frank Marstokk ... March 1, 1995 Producers Paul Northfield Simpatico D A D album Simpatico Released November 6, 1997 Producers Nick Foss & D A D Everything Glows Released April 13, 2000 Producers Nick Foss Soft ... Released Nov 11, 2011 ref http d a d.com discography 54 ref center 2 Live albums Osaka After Dark 1990 ... D A D album The Early Years 2000 VA Ungdomshuset 2005 The Overmuch Box 2009 EPs Standin on the never ... Album 2011 I Want What She s Got center 36 center DIC.NII.LAN.DAFT.ERD.ARK Quotes D A D s lyrics ... rock music groups Category Cowpunk Category Musical groups established in 1982 da D A D de D A D fr D.A.D. it D A D nl D A D no D A D pl D A D fi D A D sv D A D ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Hepatitis C stem loop IV image RF00469.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HCV SLIV Symbol HCV SLIV AltSymbols Rfam RF00469 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The Hepatitis C stem loop IV is part of a putative cis regulatory element RNA element found in the NS5B coding region. This element along with Hepatitis C virus stem loop VII stem loop VII , is important but not essential for colony formation, though its exact function and mechanism are unknown. ref cite journal last Lee first H coauthors Shin H, Wimmer E, Paul AV year 2004 title cis acting RNA signals in the NS5B C terminal coding sequence of the hepatitis C virus genome journal J Virol volume 78 pages 10865&ndash 10877 pmid 15452207 doi 10.1128 JVI.78.20.10865 10877.2004 issue 20 pmc 521798 ref See also Hepatitis C alternative reading frame stem loop Hepatitis C virus HCV cis acting replication element CRE Hepatitis C virus 3 X element Hepatitis E virus cis reactive element References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00469 name Hepatitis C stem loop IV Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
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