Heredity can mean Heredity the transfer of characteristics from parent to offspring . Inheritance Heredity the transfer of titles, property, or assets from parent to offspring or other beneficiary , ie. the hereditary House of Lords A synonym for bloodline for other uses of the term, see Bloodline disambiguation . A scientific journal Heredity journal . Heredity Asimov Heredity is a science fiction story by Isaac Asimov . Heredity film , a 1912 film starring Harry Carey . disambig pl Dziedziczenie ... more details
Italic title Infobox Journal cover File JoH2009cover.jpg title Journal of Heredity formernames American Breeders Magazine editor C. Scott Baker discipline Genetics abbreviation J. Hered. publisher Oxford University Press country frequency Bimonthly history 1910 present openaccess Optional impact 2.052 impact year 2009 website http jhered.oxfordjournals.org link1 http jhered.oxfordjournals.org content current link1 name Online access link2 http jhered.oxfordjournals.org content by year link2 name Online archive OCLC 1782242 LCCN 11019964 CODEN JOHEA8 ISSN 0022 1503 eISSN 1465 7333 The Journal of Heredity not to be confused with the journal Heredity journal Heredity is a scientific journal concerned with heredity in a biological sense, i.e. genetics . It was established in 1910 as the American Breeders Magazine of the American Breeder s Association, both of which changed names in 1915 to the Journal of Heredity volume 5 and the American Genetic Association . Abstracting and indexing The Journal of Heredity is indexed in Science Citation Index , Current Contents Life Sciences, MEDLINE Index Medicus , EMBASE , BIOSIS Previews , and Chemical Abstracts Service . ref Citation last first author link last2 first2 author2 link title Journal of Heredity home page date publisher Oxford University Press url http www.oxfordjournals.org our journals jhered about.html accessdate 2008 09 11 ref Article types The journal publishes articles in the following categories ref Citation last first author link last2 first2 author2 link title Journal of Heredity Information for authors date publisher Oxford University Press year url http www.oxfordjournals.org our journals jhered for authors msprep submission.html accessdate 2008 09 11 ref Empirical Research articles Brief Communications Computer Notes Letter to the editor Letters and, on invitation Book review s Review Review article s Perspectives Symposium Articles References Reflist Category Genetics journals Category Publications established ... more details
Infobox journal title Heredity cover File HeredityCover.gif editor discipline Heredity , genetics formernames abbreviation Heredity publisher Nature Publishing Group country frequency history openaccess license impact 4.569 impact year 2010 website http www.nature.com hdy link1 link1 name link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 0018 067X eISSN 1365 2540 boxwidth Heredity is a scientific journal concerned with heredity in a biological sense, i.e. genetics . It was founded by Ronald Fisher R.A. Fisher and C. D. Darlington in 1947. It is the official journal of The Genetics Society . From 1996 the publishing was taken over by Nature Publishing Group who also publish Nature Genetics . The Journal of Heredity is an entirely distinct publication. It was founded in 1903 and is currently published by the Oxford University Press . External links http www.nature.com hdy Official website http www.genetics.org.uk The Genetics Society http www.theaga.org The American Genetic Association official website Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group Category Genetics journals Category Nature Publishing Group academic journals Category Publications established in 1947 Category Oxford University Press academic journals genetics stub biology journal stub ... more details
Infobox Film name Heredity image Heredity film .jpg image size caption Theatrical poster to Heredity director D. W. Griffith producer writer George Hennessy narrator starring Harry Carey actor born 1878 Harry Carey music cinematography G. W. Bitzer editing distributor released November 4 1912 runtime 17 minutes 16 Frame rate frame s country Film US language Silent film Silent br English intertitles budget preceded by followed by Heredity is a 1912 drama film directed by D. W. Griffith . ref name silentera cite web url http www.silentera.com PSFL data H Heredity1912.html title Progressive Silent Film List Heredity accessdate 2010 05 14 work Silent Era ref Cast Harry Carey actor born 1878 Harry Carey White Renegade Father Madge Kirby Indian Mother Jack Pickford Son of White Renegade Father and Indian Mother Walter P. Lewis Indian Chief Kate Bruce Indian Woman Lionel Barrymore Woodsman Christy Cabanne Indian as W. Christy Cabanne Robert Harron Indian George Nichols actor George Nichols Alfred Paget Indian Woodsman W. C. Robinson Indian Hector Sarno Indian as Hector V. Sarno Marion Sunshine Kate Toncray See also Harry Carey filmography D. W. Griffith filmography Lionel Barrymore filmography References reflist External links imdb title id 0002241 title Heredity Category 1912 films Category 1910s drama films Category American films Category American drama films Category American silent short films Category Black and white films Category Films directed by D. W. Griffith Category 1910s short films silent drama film stub ... more details
The Heredity Commission was a eugenics eugenic advisory group to the government of the United States of America during the early 20th century. It was founded in 1906 by Willet M. Hays 1 , Assistant Secretary of Agriculture and president and founder of the American Breeders Association ABA ref cite journal journal Journal of Heredity 2003 94 6 435 441 title Willet M. Hays, Great Benefactor to Plant Breeding and the Founder of Our Association author A. F. Troyer, and H. Stoehr http jhered.oxfordjournals.org cgi content full 94 6 435 accessed Oct 7, 2008 ref Hays selected scientists who were members of the ABA. The purpose of the commission was to investigate all proper means of influencing heredity to better the race . It aimed to increase families of good blood and to discourage the vicious elements in the cross bred American civilization. ref name NYT cite news url http query.nytimes.com gst abstract.html?res 9F06E7D6113EE733A25753C2A9639C946797D6CF author The New York Times title The Heredity Commission. date May 20, 1906 work The New York Times ref The commission was also asked to study if a new species of human being could be consciously evolved. ref cite web url http www.bookbrowse.com author interviews full index.cfm?author number 1262 title Author Interview author Harry Bruinius accessdate October 7, 2008 ref Note The name of the Assistant Secretary of Agriculture is listed as William Hayes by the 1906 New York Times article. ref name NYT References references Category Eugenics in the United States Category History of the United States government ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Heredity Cover RationalYouth Heredity.jpg Type Album Artist Rational Youth Released March, 1985 Recorded 1984 Genre Pop music Pop Length Label Capitol Records Capitol Producer Tracy Howe and Dee Long Reviews Allmusic Rating 2.5 5 Allmusic class album id r214979 pure url yes link Last album Rational Youth EP Rational Youth br 1983 This album Heredity br 1985 Next album No More And No Less br 1985 Heredity is a 1985 album by Rational Youth , now down to singer Tracy Howe with numerous studio musicians. In retrospect, Howe was less than happy with the album, especially with the fact that it looked like he was using the Rational Youth name as a flag of convenience for a solo album. To date, the album has never seen a CD release. Heredity was produced by Howe together with former Klaatu band Klaatu member Dee Long . Track listing Heredity Tracy Howe, Peter McGee 4 15 No More And No Less Howe 4 05 Call Me Howe 2 58 In Your Eyes Howe, Kevin Komoda 3 10 I ve Got A Sister In The Navy Howe 3 42 Bang On John Jones 4 10 Freeze Howe, McGee 5 01 Burn The Night Away Howe 3 20 Holiday In Bangkok Howe 5 20 Sorry Howe 4 48 Tracks 4 and 9 have previously appeared on the Rational Youth EP Rational Youth EP. Holiday in Bangkok is basically the same version with overdubs, while In Your Eyes is a re recording. Personnel Tracy Howe vocals, keyboards, guitars Dee Long guitars, keyboards, Fairlight CMI programming Ken Sinnaeve Ken Spider Sinnaeve bass guitar David Quinton drums and percussion Peter McGee guitars, keyboards, backing vocals Gary Boigon alto and tenor saxophones Ben Mink violin, mandolin Joel Zifkin violin Karen Hendrix backing vocals David Roberts backing vocals John Jones backing vocals, additional keyboards, Fairlight CMI programming Gordon Adamson backing vocals Steve Jensen additional guitars Carl Harvey additional guitars, synth guitar Roman Martyn additional guitars Paul Slowhand Northfield additional keyboards Bill Vorn ... more details
POV date April 2009 Heredity in Relation to Eugenics is a book by American eugenicist Charles Davenport Charles Benedict Davenport , published in 1911. This book was a best seller and very respected By whom date June 2009 when it was published. It was printed and published with money and support of the Carnegie Institution . Along with its obvious racism, the book has many failures in genetics genetic studies. It claims that hysteria , night blindness , psoriasis , chlorosis , goitre , etc. were produced by genetic causes. In its time, the book was a success and was used as textbook in dozens of medicine courses of United States and many other English speaking countries. It remains the most sold book written by Charles Davenport Charles Benedict Davenport . References http www.archive.org details heredityinrelat01davegoog Heredity in Relation to Eugenics by Charles Davenport Charles Benedict Davenport at the Internet Archive DEFAULTSORT Heredity In Relation To Eugenics Category Eugenics nonfiction book stub ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2007 Infobox short story name Heredity author Isaac Asimov country United States language English language English genre Science fiction short story published in Astonishing Stories publisher Popular Publications media type Magazine pub date April 1941 preceded by followed by Heredity is a science fiction short story by the United States American writer Isaac Asimov . Asimov wrote the story, his twenty third, in August 1940 under the title Twins . It was rejected by John W. Campbell , editor of Astounding Science Fiction , on 29 August, and accepted by Frederik Pohl on 4 September. It appeared in the April 1941 issue of Astonishing Stories under the title Heredity and was reprinted in the 1972 collection The Early Asimov . Heredity was the second Asimov story to receive a cover illustration. Deleted image removed Image Astonishing Stories Cover April 1941.jpg thumb 160px left Heredity in Astonishing Stories . Pufc 1 Astonishing Stories Cover April 1941.jpg date 6 July 2011 Plot summary Two identical twin s, Allen and George Carter, have been separated at birth as part of a twin study to settle the nature versus nurture question. Allen is raised on a highly developed Earth , while George has been raised in the provincial frontier society of Ganymede moon Ganymede . On their twenty fifth birthday, they are introduced to each other and given the task of running the family farm on Mars , where they have to work together in both day to day matters and unusual events. They find that they are forced to co operate and also utilise primitive technology in order to survive a major dust storm. After their initial mutual dislike, they develop a deep friendship. After the story appeared, Scott Meredith, then a young science fiction fan named Scott Feldman, wrote to Asimov to point out a flaw in the story two characters were introduced in the opening scene, then never ... of his writing. The Early Asimov Use dmy dates date October 2010 DEFAULTSORT Heredity Short Story Category ... more details
Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics during Germany s Third ... Institute Of Anthropology, Human Heredity, And Eugenics Category Research institutes established ... more details
wiktionary genetic Genetic may refer to Genetics , in biology, the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms Genetic, used as an adjective, refers to heredity of traits Gene , a unit of heredity in the genome of an organism Genetic linguistics , in linguistics, a relationship between two languages with a common ancestor language Genetic algorithm , in computer science, a kind of search technique modeled on evolutionary biology disambiguation simple Genetic ur ... more details
A helitron is a transposon found in eukaryotes that is thought to replicate by a rolling circle mechanism. This category of transposons was discovered by Vladimir Kapitonov and Jerzy Jurka in 2001. References cite journal last Kapitonov first V. V. authorlink coauthors Jurka, J. year 2001 month title Rolling circle transposons in eukaryotes journal Heredity journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. volume 98 issue 15 pages 8714 8719 doi 10.1073 pnas.151269298 url accessdate pmc 37501 quote pmid 11447285 cite pmid 17850916 cite journal last Lal first S. K. authorlink coauthors Hannah, L. C. year 2005 month title Plant genomes Massive changes of the maize genome are caused by Helitrons journal Heredity journal Heredity volume 95 issue 6 pages 421 422 doi 10.1038 sj.hdy.6800764 url accessdate quote pmid 16222326 cite doi 10.1073 pnas.0910273106 references Category Molecular biology Category Mobile genetic elements ... more details
wiktionarypar inherit Inherit may refer to Inheritance , passing on of property after someone s death Heredity , passing of genetic traits to offspring Inheritance object oriented programming , way to compartmentalize and re use computer code Inherit album Inherit album , 2008 work by the group Free Kitten disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2007 The Facts of Life is a book published in 1953 by C. D. Darlington of the subject of race, heredity and evolution. Darlington was a major contributor to the field of genetics around the time of the Modern synthesis . science book stub Category 1953 books DEFAULTSORT Facts of Life ... more details
Refimprove date August 2011 The Evolution of Melanism a study of recurring necessity with special reference to industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera is a 1973 science book by the lepidopterist Bernard Kettlewell . The book includes Kettlewell s original papers in the journal Heredity journal Heredity on his classic predation experiments on the peppered moth . It also covers Kettlewell s experiments in the Hebrides . See also Industrial melanism References The Evolution of Melanism A study of recurring necessity with special reference to industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera . Oxford, Clarendon Press , 1973. ISBN 0 19 857370 7 pepperedmoth DEFAULTSORT Evolution of Melanism, The Category Books on Lepidoptera Evolution of Melanism, The Category Books about evolution Category 1973 books Evolution of Melanism, The Category Peppered moth science book stub ... more details
Genetic transmission is the transfer of genetics genetic information from genes to another generation from parent to offspring , almost synonymous with heredity , ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com Genetic lines medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com heredity Retrieved on June 24, 2009 ref or from one location in a cell to another. It should not be confused with chromosomal translocation , which is rearrangement of parts between non homologous chromosomes. It should also not be confused with horizontal gene transfer , a process in which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism without being the offspring of that organism. References reflist genetics stub Category Genetics zh ... more details
The Genetics Society is a British learned society . It was founded by William Bateson in 1919 and therefore is one of the oldest learned societies devoted to genetics . The society publishes the scientific journal journal Heredity journal Heredity , in addition to The Genetics Society Newsletter . It is also associated with the journal Genes & Development , published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press . ref http genesdev.cshlp.org site misc about.xhtml Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press About Genes & Development accessed 11 December 2008 ref The current president of the society is Veronica van Heyningen . References reflist External links http www.genetics.org.uk The Genetics Society DEFAULTSORT Genetics Society Category Biology societies Category Learned societies of the United Kingdom Category Organizations established in 1919 Category 1919 establishments in the United Kingdom ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Secondary constriction is seen at the chromosome in addition to primary constriction centromere . Chromosome can bend only at the site of primary constriction during Anaphase . Secondary constrictions are useful in identifying a chromosome from a set. There are either 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 secondary constriction sites in a cell at anaphase . Some parts of these constrictions indicates sites of nucleolus formation and so they are called Nucleolar Organizing Region . Anaphase is part of cell division The formations of nucleolus takes place around the NOR region. The secondary constriction also contains the genes for rRNA synthesis 18 S, 5.8 S, 28 S NOR occurs in SAT satellite chromosome chromosomes 13,14,15,21,22 External links http www.metla.fi iufro iufro95abs d2pap60.htm Karyomorphological Studies of Species in Taxodiaceae METLA http www.nature.com hdy journal v86 n5 full 6887680a.html Physical locations of 5S and 18S 25S rDNA in Asian and American diploid Hordeum species with the I genome Heredity http www.nature.com hdy journal v89 n1 full 6800081a.html Evolutionary aspects of the ZZ ZW sex chromosome system in the Characidae fish, genus Triportheus. A monophyletic state and NOR location on the W chromosome Heredity http www.nature.com hdy journal v94 n5 full 6800648a.html Evolutionary implications of permanent odd polyploidy in the stable sexual, pentaploid of Rosa canina L Heredity http jcs.biologists.org cgi reprint 103 4 919.pdf Molecular characterization of the secondary constriction region qh of human chromosome 9 with pericentric inversion Journal of Cell Science DEFAULTSORT Secondary Constriction Category Mitosis DNA De oxiribo neuclic acid ... more details
Pierre Louis Fran ois L v que de Vilmorin 1816 1860 , usually referred to as Louis de Vilmorin , the grandson of Philippe Andr de Vilmorin , and a member of the family firm of Vilmorin Andrieux , devoted his life to biology and chemistry , with a focus on the breeding and cultivation of plants. Louis de Vilmorin developed a theory of heredity in plants and recognized that it was possible to select certain characteristics of a plant and develop new varieties displaying the chosen characteristics. In 1856, de Vilmorin published his Note on the Creation of a New Race of Beetroot and Considerations on Heredity in Plants, establishing the theoretical groundwork for the modern plant breeding seed breeding industry. Writings Note on the Creation of a New Race of Beetroot and Considerations on Heredity in Plants, Louis de Vilmorin botanist Vilm. Vilmorin, Louis de See also Philippe Andr de Vilmorin 1776 1862 Joseph Marie Philippe L v que de Vilmorin 1872 1917 Louise Leveque de Vilmorin 1902 1969 References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Vilmorin, Louis de ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1816 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1860 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Vilmorin, Louis de Category Botanists Category 1816 births Category 1860 deaths es Pierre Louis Fran ois L v que de Vilmorin fr Pierre Louis Fran ois L v que de Vilmorin id Louis de Vilmorin ru , ... more details
Confusing date February 2012 expand further date February 2012 The methodology of twin study has been used for fraudulent purposes by many scientists. Two famous examples are the Cyril Burt The Burt Affair Burt Affair and Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer s work at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics . See also Phenogenetics References reflist Category Nazi Germany ... more details
Other people Robert Cooke In 1916 Robert Cooke and Albert Vandeveer demonstrated the role of heredity in the origins of allergy . According to Cooke, 48 of his allergic patients had allergies in their Family history medicine family history . While the trait of allergy is transmitted through heredity, parents and children may be allergic to different substances. In 1918, Dr. Cooke suggested a mechanism of action for allergen injections as a desensitization or hyposensitization, analogous to tolerance achieved in experimental anaphylaxis induced in animals. This concept suggested that the injections of an increasing amount of allergen or antigen slowly neutralized those antibodies responsible for the allergic reaction. References http www.intelihealth.com IH ihtIH WSAZR000 7945 8793 203645.html?d dmtContent InteliHealth Allergy Timeline Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Cooke, Robert ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Cooke, Robert Category American physicians Category Rutgers University alumni US med bio stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 William Lawrence Tower born 1872, date of death unknown was an United States American zoology zo& 246 logist , born in Halifax, Massachusetts Halifax , Massachusetts . He was educated at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Lawrence Scientific School Harvard , the Harvard Graduate School , and the University of Chicago Bachelor of Science B. S. , 1902 , where he taught thereafter, becoming associate professor in 1911. He did important experimental work in heredity , investigating especially the laws of heredity in beetle s and publishing An Investigation of Evolution in Chrysomelid Beetles of the Genus Leptinotarsa 1906 . This study is probably the first albeit possibly discredited of mutation in animals. ref Sokoloff, A. 1966 The Genetics of Tribolium and Related Species. Academic Press, New York. ref ref http www.genetics.org cgi content full 158 2 695 R10 Hawthorne, David J. 2001 AFLP Based Genetic Linkage Map of the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Sex Chromosomes and a Pyrethroid Resistance Candidate Gene. Genetics 158 695 700 ref He published also The Development of the Colors and Color Patterns of Coleoptera 1903 and, with Stanley Coulter Coulter , William E. Castle Castle , Charles Davenport Davenport and East, an essay on Heredity and Eugenics 1912 . References Reflist NIE Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Tower, William Lawrence ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1872 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Tower, William Lawrence Category University of Chicago alumni Category University of Chicago faculty Category Lawrence Scientific School alumni Category American zoologists Category American eugenicists Category American science writers Category 1872 births Category Year of death missing US zoologist stub ru , ... more details
The International Federation of Eugenic Organizations IFEO was founded in 1925. Most members of this organization united eugenics with racism with political propaganda for the enhancement of the white race . Charles Davenport founded the International Federation of Eugenic Organizations IFEO and was its first president. Charles Davenport was using the information gathered by other workers in the field of bastard studies to construct a . . . World Institute for Miscegenations and was working on a world map of the mixed race areas, which he introduced for the first time at a meeting of the IFEO in Munich in 1928. ref Hans Walter Schmuhl, The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics, 1927 1945 , Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 259, Wallstein Verlag, G ttingen, 2003, pp. 115 115 ref ref Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics ref Ernst R din was director of the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt f r Psychiatrie DFA or the German Research Institute for Psychiatry a Kaiser Wilhelm Institute . His expertise was in sterilization, and he wrote in his field of expertise. R din was the second president of the International Federation of Eugenic Organizations IFEO , by 1933. ref See also International Eugenics Congress , especially the 1932 conference ref Eugen Fischer was a member of the International Federation of Eugenic Organizations IFEO . Fischer was the ... chairman of the commission founded in 1927 for the research of bastardization and miscegenation. See bastard studies ref Hans Walter Schmuhl, The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics, 1927 1945 , Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 259, Wallstein Verlag, G ttingen, 2003, pp. 115 115 ref See also Research Materials Max Planck Society Archive References Reflist 2 Category Eugenics organizations Category Supraorganizations ... more details
in natural conditions in a colony of the moth Panaxia dominula L. Heredity 1 143 174 http www.library.adelaide.edu.au ... Wright effect Heredity 4 117 119 http www.library.adelaide.edu.au digitised fisher 239.pdf PDF ... . Heredity 24 112 134. cite web last McNamara first Don title Notes on Rearing Scarlet tiger ... of the moth Panaxia dominula L. Heredity 5 349 378 Sheppard, P.M. 1952 . A note on non random mating in the moth Panaxia dominula L. Heredity 5 349 378 Sheppard, P.M. and Laurence Cook L.M. Cook 1962 .... Heredity 17 415 426. Sewall Wright Wright, S. 1948 . On the roles of directed and random ... more details
Steven A. Frank born 1957 is a professor of biology at the University of California, Irvine . His areas of expertise are evolutionary genetics , Parasitism host parasite interaction s and social evolution . He earned a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1987. Frank systematically provides copies of his scientific paper s online, where they can be viewed by anyone with an internet connection in the spirit of the Open access publishing open access movement in scientific publishing . Frank was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1995, and received prizes from the Society for the Study of Evolution in 1988 and the American Society of Naturalists in 1986. Bibliography Foundations of Social Evolution . Princeton University Press , 1998. Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease . Princeton University Press, 2002. Dynamics of Cancer Incidence, Inheritance, and Evolution . Princeton University Press, 2007. External links http ecoevo.bio.uci.edu Faculty Frank Frank.html University website http stevefrank.org Personal website http www.nature.com hdy journal v82 n3 full 6885351a.html Review of Foundations of Social Evolution , Heredity journal Heredity , March 1999. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Frank, Steve ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1957 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Frank, Steve Category Living people Category 1957 births Category University of Michigan alumni Category University of California, Irvine faculty Category Evolutionary biologists US biologist stub ... more details
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