Image Diagram human cell nucleus.svg thumb 350px The nucleus of a human cell showing the location of heterochromatinHeterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA , which comes in different varieties. These varieties lie on a continuum between the two extremes of constitutive and facultative heterochromatin . Both play a role in the gene expression expression of genes , where constitutive heterochromatin can affect the genes near them position effect variegation and where facultative heterochromatin ... interfering RNA siRNA through RNA interference Transcriptional silencing RNAi . Constitutive heterochromatin ... heterochromatin is not repetitive and although it shares the compact structure of constitutive heterochromatin, facultative heterochromatin can, under specific developmental or environmental signaling ... 10.1038 nrm2238 ref Heterochromatin is often associated with the di and tri methylation of Histone ... link Keji Zhao ref Structure Chromatin is found in two varieties euchromatin and heterochromatin. ref cite journal author Elgin, S.C. title Heterochromatin and gene regulation in Drosophila year ... the euchromatin is less intense, while heterochromatin stains intensely, indicating tighter packing. Heterochromatin is usually localized to the periphery of the Cell nucleus nucleus . Heterochromatin ... author Lohe, A.R., et al. title Mapping Simple Repeated DNA Sequences in Heterochromatin of Drosophila ... at all. ref cite journal author Lu, B.Y., et al. date June 1, 2000 title Heterochromatin protein 1 is required for the normal expression of two heterochromatin genes in Drosophila journal Genetics ..., as is the Barr body of the second, inactivated X chromosome X chromosome in a female. Function Heterochromatin ... title Heterochromatin revisited journal Nature Reviews Genetics volume 8 pages 35 pmid 17173056 url ... makes sense only in the context of the regulatory control of genes, we propose that heterochromatin ... other functions of heterochromatin will shed light on the processes of gene and chromosome regulation ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Constitutive heterochromatin domains are sections of DNA that occur throughout the chromosomes of eukaryotes , but particularly at the centromere s and telomere s. They often consist of very highly condensed, repetitive DNA and are largely transcriptionally silent. These regions normally appear darkly stained in karyogram s. Unlike facultative heterochromatin , constitutive heterochromatin is never converted back into euchromatin. The regions of DNA that exist as constitutive heterochromatin will be the same for all cells of a given species . Constituitive heterochromatin is stained specifically with the C banding technique. DEFAULTSORT Constitutive Heterochromatin Category DNA Genetics stub ... more details
The family of Heterochromatin Protein 1 HP1 Chromobox Homolog , CBX are highly conserved adapter ... by heterochromatin formation, Transcription genetics transcriptional activation, regulation of binding ... arrest, maintenance of heterochromatin integrity, gene repression at single nucleosome level and gene repression by heterochromatization of euchromatin . HP1 protein s are fundamental units of heterochromatin ... with heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster and its gene journal Mol. Cell. Biol. year ... 1990 title Mutation in a heterochromatin specific chromosomal protein is associated with suppression ..., Kothary R, Burton RD, Paro R, James TC, Gaunt SJ. title A sequence motif found in a Drosophila heterochromatin ... pericentric and telomeric heterochromatin . ref cite journal author Aagaard L, Laible G, Selenko ... associated proteins which complex with the heterochromatin component M31 journal EMBO J. year 1999 ... homologue of Drosophila heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 is a component of constitutive heterochromatin ... J, Agarwal M, Worman HJ, Wellinger RJ, Pandita TK. title Human Heterochromatin Protein 1 Isoforms ... dependent modifier of pericentric heterochromatin induced silencing ref cite journal author Festenstein ... title Heterochromatin protein 1 modifies mammalian PEV in a dose and chromosomal context dependent manner ... recognition complex protein ORC2 See also Epigenetics Heterochromatin References reflist Further ... Epigenetics de Heterochromatin Protein 1 ... more details
CBX may refer to CBX AM , a radio station 740 AM licensed to Edmonton, Alberta, Canada CBX FM , a radio station 90.9 FM licensed to Edmonton, Alberta, Canada the Honda CBX series of motorcycles the family of Heterochromatin Protein 1 or Chromobox Homolog or short Heterochromatin Protein 1 CBX , in molecular biology disambig DEFAULTSORT Cbx Category Broadcast call sign disambiguation pages fr CBX it CBX ja CBX ... more details
HP1 may refer to Heterochromatin Protein 1 , an important marker molecule in epigenetic research Harry Potter and the Philosopher s Stone , the first novel in J.K. Rowling s Harry Potter series The postal code for part of Hemel Hempstead in Dacorum, see HP postcode area Letter NumberCombDisambig de HP1 ... more details
M33 is a gene . ref name Wang1997 cite doi 10.1159 000134626 ref It is a mammalian homologue of Drosophila Polycomb . ref name Wang1997 It localises to euchromatin within interphase nuclei but is enriched within the centromeric heterochromatin of metaphase chromosomes. ref name Wang1997 References reflist Category genes ... more details
in S. pombe results in abnormal heterochromatin organization and formation of the chromosome ... 11 issue 2 pages 137 46 year 2003 pmid 12733640 doi 10.1023 A 1022815931524 ref The maintenance of heterochromatin ... RITS complexes stably bind the methylated histones of a heterochromatin region and induce co ... is an essential component of a self enforcing loop coupling heterochromatin assembly to siRNA ... doi 10.1073 pnas.0407641102 pmc 544066 ref Heterochromatin formation, but possibly not maintenance, is dependent ... to mammal s is not clear, as some evidence suggests that heterochromatin maintenance in mammalian ... of heterochromatin initiated by transgene repeats are independent of the RNA interference pathway ... more details
wiktionary facultative Facultative means optional or discretionary antonym obligate , used mainly in biology in phrases such as Facultative anaerobe , an organism that can use oxygen but also has anaerobic organism anaerobic methods of energy production Facultative biped , an animal that is capable of walking or running on two legs as well as walking or running on four limbs or more, as appropriate Facultative carnivore , a carnivore that does not depend solely on animal flesh for food but also can subsist on non animal food. Compare this with the term omnivore Facultative heterochromatin , tightly packed but non repetitive DNA in the form of Heterochromatin , but which can lose its condensed structure and become Transcription genetics transcriptionally active Facultative lagoon , a type of stabilization pond used in biological treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater Facultative parasite , a parasite that can complete its life cycle without depending on a host Facultative photoperiodic plant , a plant that will eventually flower regardless of night length but is more likely to flower under appropriate light conditions See also antonym Obligate Category Biology terminology ... more details
between euchromatin and heterochromatin in Drosophila . Genes Dev 18 2973 83. PMID 15574598 Eissenberg, J. C., G. D. Morris, G. Reuter, and T. Hartnett. 1992. The heterochromatin associated protein ... domain proteins modulate chromatin domains in eu and heterochromatin . Cell Mol Life Sci 54 80 93. PMID ... more details
into heterochromatin to protect the genes while they are not in use. There is therefore a direct link .... It is thought that the cell uses transformation from euchromatin into heterochromatin as a method ... more details
Position effect is the effect on the Gene expression expression of a gene when its location in a chromosome is changed, often by Chromosomal translocation translocation . This has been well described in Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila with respect to eye color and is known as position effect variegation PEV . ref cite journal author Weiler K, Wakimoto B title Heterochromatin and gene expression in Drosophila journal Annu Rev Genet volume 29 issue 1 pages 577 605 year 1995 pmid 8825487 doi 10.1146 annurev.ge.29.120195.003045 ref The phenotype is well characterised by unstable expression of a gene that results in the red eye coloration. In the mutant flies the eyes typically have a mottled appearance of white and red Mosaic genetics sectors . These phenotypes are often due to a chromosomal translocation such that the color gene is now close to a region of heterochromatin . The heterochromatin can spread stochastically and switch off the color gene resulting in the white eye sectors. Position effect is also used to describe the variation of expression exhibited by identical transgene s that insert into different regions of a genome . In this case the difference in expression is often due to Enhancer genetics enhancers that regulate neighboring genes. These local enhancers can also affect the expression pattern of the transgene. Since each Genetically modified organism transgenic organism has the transgene in a different location each transgenic organism has the potential for a unique expression pattern. References references External links cite book chapter Figure 4 45. Position effects on gene expression in two different eucaryotic organisms chapterurl http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?rid mboc4.figgrp.665 author Alberts, Bruce title Molecular biology of the cell publisher Garland Science location New York year 2002 isbn 0 8153 4072 9 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?rid mboc4 edition 4th Category Genetics Category Epigenetics it Effetto posizione ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol Chromo shadow Name Chromo shadow domain image PDB 1s4z EBI.jpg width caption hp1 chromo shadow domain in complex with pxvxl motif of caf 1 Pfam PF01393 Pfam clan CL0049 InterPro IPR008251 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1e0b TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, the chromo shadow domain is a protein domain which is distantly related to the chromodomain . It is always found in association with a chromodomain. ref name pmid7667093 cite journal author Aasland R, Stewart AF title The chromo shadow domain, a second chromo domain in heterochromatin binding protein 1, HP1 journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 23 issue 16 pages 3168 73 year 1995 month August pmid 7667093 pmc 307174 doi 10.1093 nar 23.16.3168 url ref Proteins containing a chromo shadow domain include Drosophila and Homo sapiens human heterochromatin protein Su var 205 HP1 and mammalia n modifier 1 and modifier 2. Chromoshadow domains self aggregate, bringing together the nucleosomes to which their proteins are bound and thus condense the chromatin region they are associated with. Condensed chromatin is not able to be Transcription genetics transcribed as the transcription factors and enzymes are not able to access to DNA sequence in this form. Hence chromoshadow domain containing proteins repress gene transcription. ref name pmid12565857 cite journal author Yamamoto K, Sonoda M title Self interaction of heterochromatin protein 1 is required for direct binding to histone methyltransferase, SUV39H1. journal Biochem Biophys Res Commun year 2003 volume 301 issue 2 pages 287 92 pmid 12565857 doi 10.1016 S0006 291X 02 03021 8 pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 12565857 ref References reflist InterPro content IPR008251 Category Protein domains ... more details
The mating type region is a specialized region in the genome s of some yeast and other fungi , usually organized into heterochromatin and possessing unique histone methylation patterns. The gene s in this region regulate the mating type of the organism and therefore determine key events in its biological life cycle life cycle , such as whether it will reproduce sexual reproduction sexually or asexual reproduction asexually . In fission yeast such as S. pombe , the formation and maintenance of the heterochromatin organization is regulated by RNA induced transcriptional silencing , a form of RNA interference responsible for genomic maintenance in many organisms. ref name Noma Noma K, Sugiyama T, Cam H, Verdel A, Zofall M, Jia S, Moazed D, Grewal S 2004 . RITS acts in cis to promote RNA interference mediated transcriptional and post transcriptional silencing . Nat Genet 36 11 1174 80. DOI 10.1038 ng1452 PMID 15475954 ref Mating type regions have also been well studied in budding yeast S. cerevisiae and in the fungus Neurospora crassa . ref name Staben Staben C, Yanofsky C. 1990 . Neurospora crassa a mating type region. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 13 4917 21. PMID 2142304 ref See also Mating of yeast References references Category Molecular genetics Category Mycology Category Sex cell biology stub ... more details
in heterochromatin . ref cite journal author Sandmeyer SB, Hansen LJ, Chalker DL title Integration ... the biology of the telomere and heterochromatin. The Ty5 retrotransposon is used as a genetic model to study the architecture and dynamics of the telomeres and heterochromatin. ref cite journal ... month December pmid 8972872 pmc 146320 doi 10.1093 nar 24.23.4825 ref Yeast heterochromatin and Ty5. Heterochromatin in S. cerevisiae is composed of a wide array of proteins and plays several roles. The first stage of heterochromatin formation requires DNA binding proteins, which interact with specific ... initiation of transcription. The first known step in the formation of dedicated heterochromatin is the binding ... the core of heterochromatin. ref cite journal author Rine J, Herskowitz I title Four genes responsible ..., further condensing the heterochromatin. Sir1p plays a role in the initiation of silencing at the HM ... role of the Sir proteins in heterochromatin formation, they were initially considered as potential targeting ... enzyme, it was speculated to contain a component that would recognize heterochromatin. The C terminus ... more details
Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 is a methyl lysine binding protein localized at heterochromatin sites, where it mediates ... 2002 month October title Association of class II histone deacetylases with heterochromatin protein ... year 2001 month March title Human Ku70 interacts with heterochromatin protein 1alpha journal J. Biol ... title Selective interaction between the chromatin remodeling factor BRG1 and the heterochromatin ... heterochromatin via an HP1 interaction journal J. Cell. Sci. volume 115 issue Pt 17 pages ... E, Chambon P, Losson R year 2001 month April title Heterochromatin formation in mammalian cells ... 2000 month September title Molecular determinants for targeting heterochromatin protein 1 mediated ... at pericentric heterochromatin journal Curr. Biol. volume 13 issue 14 pages 1192 200 publisher location ... Heterochromatin protein 1 References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations ... of Drosophila heterochromatin protein HP1 using anti centromere autoantibodies with anti chromo ... journal author Sugimoto K, Yamada T, Muro Y, Himeno M title Human homolog of Drosophila heterochromatin ... of heterochromatin protein HP1. journal J. Cell Biol. volume 143 issue 7 pages 1763 74 year ... cite journal author Murzina N, Verreault A, Laue E, Stillman B title Heterochromatin dynamics ... author Nielsen AL, Ortiz JA, You J, et al. title Interaction with members of the heterochromatin ... JC title Heterochromatin protein 1 binds to nucleosomes and DNA in vitro. journal J. Biol ... heterochromatin protein 1 mediated gene silencing direct chromoshadow domain KAP 1 corepressor interaction ... I title Human Ku70 interacts with heterochromatin protein 1alpha. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 276 ... M, Ortiz JA, et al. title Heterochromatin formation in mammalian cells interaction between ... 67 protein interacts with members of the heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 family a potential role ... more details
In chromatin , those proteins which remain after the histones have been removed, are classified as non histone proteins . Scaffold protein Scaffold proteins , DNA polymerase , Heterochromatin Protein 1 and Polycomb group proteins Polycomb are common non histone proteins. This classification group also includes numerous other structural, regulatory, and motor proteins. See also Chromatin Cohesin Condensin Sources cite book last Hartwell first Leland coauthors L. Hood, M. Goldberg, A. Reynolds, L. Silver, R. Veres title Genetics From Genes to Genomes publisher McGraw Hill date 2004 location New York, NY pages 417 422 url http highered.mcgraw hill.com sites 0072919302 information center view0 isbn 0 07 246248 5 Category Epigenetics Category Genetics fr Prot ine non histone ... more details
. title RNAi mediated targeting of heterochromatin by the RITS complex journal Science volume 303 issue ..., et al. year 2008 chapter Heterochromatin Assembly and Transcriptional Gene Silencing under the Control ... more details
envelope, the nuclear lamina and heterochromatin are adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. The protein encoded by this gene binds DNA and is a component of heterochromatin. This protein also can ... functions of the encoded protein may explain the association of heterochromatin with the inner ... Maita H, Taira T, Ariga H, Iguchi Ariga S M year 2000 month February title Identification of heterochromatin ... R year 2001 month April title Heterochromatin formation in mammalian cells interaction between histones ... quote doi 10.1016 S1097 2765 01 00218 0 ref and CBX1 . ref name pmid11336697 See also Heterochromatin ... Targeting Identification of Essential Conserved Motifs and Involvement of Heterochromatin ... Role for Kr ppel Associated Box Zinc Finger Proteins in Heterochromatin Mediated Gene Silencing ... J, et al. title Interaction with members of the heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 family and histone deacetylation ... pmc 1171701 cite journal author Koike N, Maita H, Taira T, et al. title Identification of heterochromatin ..., Buendia B title HP1gamma associates with euchromatin and heterochromatin in mammalian nuclei and chromosomes ... M, Ortiz JA, et al. title Heterochromatin formation in mammalian cells interaction between histones ... 67 protein interacts with members of the heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 family a potential role in the regulation ... by human orthologs of Drosophila heterochromatin protein 1 journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun ... T, McNairn AJ, Jenuwein T, et al. title Maintenance of stable heterochromatin domains by dynamic ... more details
at heterochromatin sites, where it mediates gene silencing . ref name entrez Model organisms class wikitable ... Apr. title Heterochromatin formation in mammalian cells interaction between histones and HP1 proteins ... proteins which complex with the heterochromatin component M31 journal EMBO J. volume 18 issue 7 pages ... Heterochromatin protein 1 References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations ... with the heterochromatin component M31 journal EMBO J. volume 18 issue 7 pages 1923 38 year 1999 ... cite journal author Murzina N, Verreault A, Laue E, Stillman B title Heterochromatin dynamics ... author Nielsen AL, Ortiz JA, You J, et al. title Interaction with members of the heterochromatin protein ... Heterochromatin protein 1 binds to nucleosomes and DNA in vitro journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 275 ... M, Ortiz JA, et al. title Heterochromatin formation in mammalian cells interaction between ... C, et al. title The Ki 67 protein interacts with members of the heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 family ... regulation by human orthologs of Drosophila heterochromatin protein 1 journal Biochem. Biophys. Res ... regulated ARF like 5 protein ARL5 , localized to nuclei and nucleoli, interacts with heterochromatin ... Modulation of heterochromatin protein 1 dynamics in primary Mammalian cells journal Science volume ... more details
Taxobox name Taurus ground squirrel image status status system iucn3.1 status ref regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Rodent ia familia Sciuridae genus Spermophilus species S. taurensis binomial Spermophilus taurensis binomial authority G nd z et al. 2007 synonyms Spermophilus torosensis small Ozkurt et al. 2007 small The Taurus ground squirrel Spermophilus taurensis is a species of rodent in the Sciuridae family. It is Endemism endemic to the Taurus Mountains of Turkey . It was first identified as a distinct species to the Asia Minor ground squirrel in 2007. ref http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6WNH 4N56BSG 1& user 10& rdoc 1& fmt & orig search& sort d& docanchor &view c& searchStrId 1146069794& rerunOrigin google& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 eba7a783d6f08d11e6e37522b144d99f Multigenic and morphometric differentiation of ground squirrels Spermophilus, Sciuridae, Rodentia in Turkey, with a description of a new species , ScienceDirect ref References Reflist http journals.tubitak.gov.tr havuz zoo 0810 5.pdf Heterochromatin distribution and nucleolar organizer regions NORs in chromosomes of the Taurus ground squirrel, Spermophilus taurensis Gunduz et al ., 2007 Mammalia Rodentia , in Turkey , Turk J Zool S. Xerinae2 nav Category Ground squirrels es Spermophilus taurensis nl Spermophilus taurensis ... more details
The following table summarizes symbols and abbreviations used in cytogenetics ref http www.slh.wisc.edu cytogenetics abnormalities nomenclature.dot ref class wikitable Symbol Description , Separates modal number total number of chromosomes , sex chromosomes, and chromosome abnormalities Loss of a chromosome Grouping for breakpoints and structurally altered chromosomes Gain of a chromosome Separates rearranged chromosomes and breakpoints involving more than one chromosome Separates cell lines or clones Separates recipient and donor cell lines in bone marrow transplants del Deletion der Derivative chromosome dic Dicentric chromosome dn de novo not inherited chromosomal abnormality dup Gene duplication Duplication of a portion of a chromosome fra Fragile site usually used with Fragile X syndrome h Heterochromatin Heterochromatic region of chromosome i Isochromosome ins Insertion genetics Insertion inv Chromosomal inversion Inversion .ish Precedes karyotype results from Fluorescent in situ hybridization FISH analysis mar Marker chromosome mat Maternally derived chromosome rearrangement p Short arm of a chromosome pat Paternally derived chromosome rearrangement psu dic pseudo dicentric only one centromere in a Dicentric chromosome is active q Long arm of a chromosome r Ring chromosome t Chromosomal translocation Translocation ter Terminal end of arm e.g. 2qter refers to the end of the long arm of chromosome 2 tri Trisomy trp Triplication of a portion of a chromosome See also Chromosome abnormalities References Reflist Category Cytogenetics genetics stub ... more details
Satellite DNA consists of very large arrays of tandemly arrayed genes tandemly repeating, non coding DNA . Satellite DNA is the main component of functional centromeres , and form the main structural constituent of heterochromatin . ref cite book author Knight, Julian C. title Human Genetic Diversity Functional Consequences for Health and Disease publisher Oxford University Press year 2009 isbn 9780199227693 page 167 url http books.google.com books?id NSLeurRJWsIC&pg PA167 ref ref DorlandsDict three 000031999 satellite DNA ref The name satellite DNA refers to how repetitions of a short DNA sequence tend to produce a different frequency of the nucleotides adenine , cytosine , guanine and thymine , and thus have a different density from bulk DNA such that they form a second or satellite band when genomic DNA is separated on a Density Gradient density gradient . citation needed date January 2011 Types of satellite DNA Satellite DNA, together with minisatellite and Microsatellite genetics microsatellite DNA, constitute the tandem repeats . ref MeshName Tandem Repeat ref Some types of satellite DNA in humans are class wikitable Type Size of repeat unit bp Location alphoid DNA 171 All chromosomes 68 Centromeres of chromosomes 1, 9, 13, 14, 15, 21, 22 and Y Satellite 1 25 48 Centromeres and other regions in heterochromatin of most chromosomes Satellite 2 5 Most chromosomes Satellite 3 5 Most chromosomes Length A repeated DNA motif pattern can be between 1 base pair long a mononucleotide repeat to several thousand base pairs long, and the total size of a satellite DNA block can be several megabases without interruption. Most satellite DNA is localized to the telomeric or the centromeric region of the chromosome. The nucleotide sequence of the repeats is fairly well conserved across a species. However, variation in the length of the repeat is common. For example, minisatellite DNA is a short region 1 5kb of 20 50 repeats. The difference in how many of the repeats is pres ... more details
Image Nucleosome.jpg thumb Nucleosome Image Acetyl.png thumb Chemical structure of an acetyl group bound to the remainder R of a molecule. In histone acetylation and deacetylation , the histones are acetylate d and deacetylated on lysine residues in the N terminal tail and on the surface of the nucleosome core as part of gene regulation . These reactions are typically catalyzed by enzyme s with histone acetyltransferase HAT or histone deacetylase HDAC activity. The source of the acetyl group in histone acetylation is Acetyl Coenzyme A , and in histone deacetylation the acetyl group is transferred to Coenzyme A. Acetylated histones and nucleosomes represent a type of epigenetic tag within chromatin . Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA . As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin . More condensed tightly packed DNA is referred to as heterochromatin . Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge. This charge neutralization model has been challenged by recent studies, according to which transcriptionally active genes are correlated with rapid turnover of histone acetylation. This requires that the HATs and HDACs must act continuously on the affected histone tail. Methylation at a specific lysine residue K4 is involved in targeting histone tails for continuous acetylation and deacetylation. See also Histone methylation External links cite journal author Clayton A, Hazzalin C, Mahadevan L title Enhanced histone acetylation and transcription a dynamic perspective journal Mol Cell volume 23 issue 3 pages 289 96 ... more details
Myeloid and erythroid nuclear termination stage specific protein MENT is a member of the serpin family of protease enzyme inhibitors inhibitor s, and participates in DNA and chromatin condensation . ref cite journal author McGowan S, Buckle AM, Irving JA, et al. title X ray crystal structure of MENT evidence for functional loop sheet polymers in chromatin condensation journal EMBO J. volume 25 issue 13 pages 3144 55 year 2006 month July pmid 16810322 pmc 1500978 doi 10.1038 sj.emboj.7601201 url ref Alongside its ability to condense chromatin , MENT is also an effective inhibitor of the protease s cathepsin K , cathepsin L, and cathepsin V, all of which are cysteine protease s. ref cite journal author Irving JA, Shushanov SS, Pike RN, et al. title Inhibitory activity of a heterochromatin associated serpin MENT against papain like cysteine proteinases affects chromatin structure and blocks cell proliferation journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 277 issue 15 pages 13192 201 year 2002 month April pmid 11821386 doi 10.1074 jbc.M108460200 url ref As such, although MENT is structurally classified as a member of the serpin family, it is functionally termed a cross class inhibitor, as it is a cysteine rather than a serine protease inhibitor. References reflist External links The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors http merops.sanger.ac.uk cgi bin merops.cgi?id I04.033 I04.033 Serpins Category Serine protease inhibitors protein stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
