Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Nematoda classis Secernentea ordo Rhabditida familia Heterorhabditidae genus Heterorhabditis genus authority George Poinar, Jr. Poinar , 1976 subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text. Heterorhabditis is a genus of nematodes belonging to the order Rhabditida . All species of this genus are obligate parasite s of insects, and some are used as biological pest control biological control agents for the control of pest insects. Uses The nematode species Heterorhabditis indica has been used effectively against the red weevil , Rhinotia haemoptera , ref http 203.129.218.157 ojs index.php kjas article viewFile 405 389 ref an insect pest that can destroy groves and plantations of coconut and migrate to date palms and other palms, causing economic damage to farmers ... amazonensis n. sp. Rhabditida Heterorhabditidae from Amazonas, Brazil. Nematology 8 6 853 867 ... insect parasitic rhabditoid, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora n. gen., n. sp. Rhabditida Heterorhabditidae ... sp.n. Rhabditida Heterorhabditidae from Vietnam and morphometric data for H. indica populations. Nematology ... Poinar, 1976 from the Irish group Nematoda Rhabditida Heterorhabditidae and additional evidence supporting ..., H.S. Koppenh fer and B.J. Adams 2006 Heterorhabditis floridensis n. sp. Rhabditida Heterorhabditidae ... Heterorhabditidae from Georgia, USA. Nematology 10 3 433 448. ref Heterorhabditis indica Poinar ... ref Liu, J. and R.E. Berry 1996 Heterorhabditidis marelatus n. sp. Rhabditida Heterorhabditidae from ... & Klein, 1987 ref Poinar, G.O., Jr., T. Jackson and M. Klein 1987 Heterorhabditis megidis sp. n. Heterorhabditidae ... Heterorhabditidae from Tamaulipas, Mexico, and morphological studies of the bursa of Heterorhabditis ... Heterorhabditidae , a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa. Nematology 10 3 381 396 ... species from Egypt, Heterorhabditis taysearae n. sp. Rhabditida Heterorhabditidae . Egyptian Journal ..., Jr. 1990 Taxonomy and biology of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. In R. Gaugler and H.K. ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Beneficial nematodes regnum Animal ia phylum Nematoda classis Secernentea ordo Rhabditida familia Heterorhabditidae genus Heterorhabditis species H. bacteriophora binomial Heterorhabditis bacteriophora binomial authority George Poinar, Jr. Poinar , 1976 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora also known as beneficial nematodes is a species of nematode worm that is used in gardening. They are useful to thwart ant s, flea s, moth s, beetle s, fly flies , beetle s, and other pests. They release Xenorhabdus bacteria from their digestive tract thus killing these pests. ref cite web url http www.gardeninsects.com beneficialNematodes.asp work Gardeninsects.com title Natural pest control with beneficial nematodes accessdate 2011 08 26 ref References reflist Category Pest control nematode stub fr Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ... more details
Taxobox image image caption regnum Bacteria divisio Proteobacteria classis Gammaproteobacteria ordo Enterobacteriales familia Enterobacteriaceae genus Photorhabdus species P. luminescens binomial Photorhabdus luminescens binomial authority synonyms Xenorhabdus luminescens Photorhabdus luminescens previously called Xenorhabdus luminescens is a Gammaproteobacteria , belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae , and is a lethal pathogen of insect s. It lives in the Gut zoology gut of an entomopathogenic nematode of the family Heterorhabditidae . When the nematode infects an insect, P. luminescens is released into the blood stream and rapidly kills the insect Host biology host within 48 hours by producing toxins, such as TcA. ref Blackburn MB, Domek JM, Gelman DB, Hu JS. 2005. http www.insectscience.org 5.32 Journal of Insect Science 5 32 The broadly insecticidal Photorhabdus luminescens toxin complex a Tca Activity against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata , and sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci . 11pp. ref It also secretes enzyme s which break down the body of the infected insect and bioconvert it into nutrient s which can be used by both nematode and bacteria. In this way, both organisms gain enough nutrients to replicate or reproduce in the case of the nematode several times. The bacteria enter the nematode progeny genetic descendant progeny as they develop. P. luminescens also secretes antibiotic s to protect against Competition biology competition from other bacteria. P. luminescens is bioluminescence bioluminescent however, the purpose of this is not yet properly understood. It has been reported that infection by this bacterium of the wounds of soldiers in the American Civil War caused the wound s to wiktionary glow glow , and that this aided the survival of the soldier s due to the production of antibiotics by P. luminescens . ref cite news last Durham first Sharon url http www.ars.usda.gov is pr 2001 010529.htm title Students May Have Ans ... more details
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