File Auto and heterotrophs.png thumb 300px Overview of cycle between autotroph s and heterotrophs A heterotroph IPA en h t r tro f lang grc heteros another , different and lang grc trophe nutrition is an organism that cannot carbon fixation fix carbon and uses organic compound organic carbon for growth. ref cite web url http www.thefreedictionary.com Heterotroph title heterotroph publisher TheFreeDictionary.com ref This contrasts with autotroph s, such as plant s and algae , which can use energy from sunlight photoautotroph s or inorganic compounds lithoautotroph s to produce organic compound s such as carbohydrate s, fat s, and protein s from inorganic carbon dioxide . These reduced carbon compounds can be used as an energy source by the autotroph and provide the energy in food consumed by heterotrophs. Types Heterotrophs can be divided into two broad classes photoheterotroph s and chemotroph chemoheterotrophs . Photoheterotrophs, including most purple bacteria and Chloroflexi phylum green bacteria , produce adenosine triphosphate ATP from light and use organic compounds to build structures. They consume little or none of the energy produced during photosynthesis to reduce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup to NADPH for use in the Calvin cycle , as they do not need to use the Calvin cycle if carbohydrates are available in their diets. ref name botany cite book last Mauseth first James D. title Botany an introduction to plant biology year 2008 edition 4th publisher Jones & Bartlett Publishers page 252 url http books.google.com books?id xPLGdYW9t5kC&pg PA252&dq heterotroph fix carbon&cd 2 v onepage&q heterotroph 20fix 20carbon&f false isbn ... if a species is autotroph , heterotroph, or a subtype Ecology Main Consumers food chain Most heterotrophs ... source and an energy source. The term heterotroph very often refers to chemoorganoheterotrophs ... Cudzo ywno pt Heterotrofismo ro Heterotrofie ru simple Heterotroph sk Heterotrofia sl ... more details
Saprophytes may refer to Saprotroph , a term used for organisms which obtain nutrients from dead organic matter this term commonly applies to fungi Plants more accurately called Myco heterotrophy myco heterotroph s because they actually parasitize fungi, rather than dead organic matter directly. They live on dead or descomposing matter. disambig ... more details
Protozoology is the study of protozoa , the animal like i.e., motility motile and heterotroph ic protists . This term has become dated as our understanding of the evolutionary relationships of the eukaryota has improved. External links http www.uga.edu protozoa The Society of Protozoologists Category Zoology Protist stub be be x old ca Protozoologia el es Protozoolog a id Protozoologi he ka pl Protozoologia pt Protozoologia ro Protozoologie ru sk Protozool gia uk ... more details
File Auto and heterotrophs.png thumb 300px Overview of cycle between autotrophs and heterotroph s. Photosynthesis is the main means by which plants, algae and many bacteria produce organic compounds and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water font color green green arrow font . An autotroph Ref label A none , Auto self Ecology Trophic levels feeding or producer , is an organism that produces complex organic compound s such as carbohydrate s, fat s, and protein s from simple substances present in its surroundings . For example using energy from light by photosynthesis or inorganic chemical reactions chemosynthesis . They are the primary production producers in a food chain , such as plant s on land or algae in water. They are able to make their own food . Therefore, they do not use energy source or a carbon source. Autotrophs can reduce carbon dioxide add hydrogen to it to make organic compounds. The reduction of carbon dioxide, a low energy compound, creates a store of chemical energy. Most autotrophs use water as the reducing agent , but some can use other hydrogen compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. Phototrophs, a type of autotroph, convert physical energy from sun light in case of green plants into chemical energy in the form of reduced carbon. Autotrophs can be phototroph s, lithotroph ... page 252 url http books.google.com ?id xPLGdYW9t5kC&pg PA252&dq heterotroph fix carbon&cd 2 v onepage&q heterotroph 20fix 20carbon isbn 9780763753450 ref Ecology Image Colpfl27a.jpg thumb 200px Green ... primary production . Other organisms, called heterotroph s, take in autotrophs as food to carry out ... s obtained from their heterotroph prey come from autotrophs they consumed. Most ecosystems are supported ... used to make fat s and protein s. When autotrophs are eaten by heterotroph s, i.e., consumers such as animals ... flowchart.png thumb 500px Flowchart to determine if a species is autotroph, heterotroph , or a subtype Autotroph Chemoautotroph Photoautotroph Heterotroph Chemoheterotroph Photoheterotroph See also ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 Myzocytosis from Greek language Greek myzein , lang grc meaning to suck and kytos lang grc meaning container , hence referring to cell is a method of feeding found in some heterotroph ic organism s. It is also called cellular vampirism as the predatory cell biology cell pierces the cell wall and or cell membrane of the prey cell with a feeding tube, the coinoid , sucks out the cellular content and digests it. Myzocytosis is found in Myzozoa and also in some species of Ciliophora both comprise the alveolate s . A classic example of myzocytosis is the feeding method of the infamous predatory ciliate, Didinium , where it is often depicted devouring a hapless Paramecium . The suctoria n ciliate s feed exclusively through myzocytosis, sucking out the cytoplasm of prey via superficially drinking straw like pseudopodia. Category Alveolata Category Ecology Category Metabolism ecology stub feeding es Mizocitosis de Myzozytose ... more details
, depending on availability of possible donors. Primary sources of carbon Heterotroph s Organic ... background ddffdd Organic BR organo style background ddffdd Organic BR heterotroph font color 008800 ... litho style background ddffdd Organic BR heterotroph font color 008800 Photo font font color 880000 litho font font color 008800 heterotroph font style background ffdddd Carbon dioxide BR autotroph font ... Organic BR heterotroph font color 880000 Chemo font font color 008800 organoheterotroph font style ... ddffdd Organic BR heterotroph font color 880000 Chemolitho font font color 008800 heterotroph ... more details
Photoheterotrophs Greek language Gk photo light, hetero an other, troph nourishment are heterotroph ic organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source. Consequently, they use organic compounds from the environment to satisfy their carbon requirements. They use compounds such as carbohydrates, fatty acids and alcohols as their organic food . Examples are Purple bacteria purple non sulfur bacteria , Chloroflexi phylum green non sulfur bacteria and heliobacteria . ref cite journal author D.A. Bryant & N. U. Frigaard month November year 2006 title Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated journal Trends Microbiol. volume 14 issue 11 pages 488 doi 10.1016 j.tim.2006.09.001 pmid 16997562 ref Metabolism Photoheterotrophs generate ATP using light in one of two ways ref name Bryant2006 Cite journal doi 10.1016 j.tim.2006.09.001 issn 0966 842X volume 14 issue 11 pages 488 496 last Bryant first Donald A. coauthors Niels Ulrik Frigaard title Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated journal Trends in Microbiology accessdate 2012 03 30 date 2006 11 url http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S0966842X06002265 ref ref name Zubkov2009 Cite journal doi 10.1093 plankt fbp043 issn 0142 7873, 1464 3774 volume 31 issue 9 pages 933 938 last Zubkov first Mikhail V title Photoheterotrophy in Marine Prokaryotes journal Journal of Plankton Research accessdate 2012 03 30 date 2009 09 01 url http plankt.oxfordjournals.org content 31 9 933 ref they use a bacteriochlorophyll based reaction center or they use a bacteriorhodopsin . The chlorophyll based mechanism is similar to that used in photosynthesis, where light excites ... a heterotroph as it needs reduced carbon compounds to live and cannot make do with just light and CO ... thumb 500px Flowchart to determine if a species is autotroph , heterotroph , or a subtype Autotroph Chemoautotroph Photoautotroph Heterotroph Chemoheterotroph Photoheterotroph See also Primary nutritional ... more details
Taxobox regnum Protista phylum Hemimastigophora classis Hemimastigea ordo Hemimastigida familia Spironemidae familia authority Franz Theodor Doflein Doflein , 1916 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Hemimastix small Foissner, Blatterer & Foissner, 1988 small Spironema small Klebs, 1893 small Stereonema small Foissner & Foissner, 1993 small Spironemidae is a family biology family of heterotroph ic flagellate s. They vary in size and shape from the ellipsoid Hemimastix amphikineta 14 7 m to the vermiform Spironema terricola 43 3 m , and are united by the possession of two rows of cilia, called kineties. ref name Foissner cite journal author Ilse Foissner & Wilhelm Foissner year 1993 title Revision of the family Spironemidae Doflein Protista, Hemimastigophora , with description of two new species, Spironema terricola n. sp. and Stereonema geiseri n. g., n. sp. journal Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology volume 40 issue 4 pages 422 438 doi 10.1111 j.1550 7408.1993.tb04936.x ref The following species are included ref name Foissner Spironema multiciliatum small Klebs, 1893 small Spironema terricola small Foissner & Foissner, 1993 small Spironema goodeyi small Foissner & Foissner, 1993 small Stereonema geiseri small Foissner & Foissner, 1993 small Hemimastix amphikineta small Foissner, Blatterer & Foissner, 1988 small References Reflist Category Apusozoa protist stub ko pt Spironemidae ... more details
italic title Taxobox image Critique of the Theory of Evolution Fig 092.jpg image caption Races of Difflugia. After Joseph Leidy Leidy . name Difflugia domain Eukaryota regnum Amoebozoa phylum Gymnamoeba classis Tubulinea ordo Arcellinida familia Difflugiidae genus Difflugia genus authority LeClerc, 1815 Difflugia is one of several genera of amoebozoa that produce shells or Test biology tests from granules of sand. These are swallowed by the cell and during the process of budding or fission they pass into the daughter, where they are joined by organic cement. The test has a single terminal opening. Difflugia are particularly common in marshes. The Difflugia use pseudopodia pseudopods to move around. It is a heterotroph and it engulfs its food. One species is Difflugia corona . ref name pmid17902270 cite journal author Silva Briano M, Mart nez Hern ndez SL, Adabache Ort z A, Ventura Ju rez J, Salinas E, Quintanar JL title Ultrastructural analysis and identification of membrane proteins in the free living amoeba Difflugia corona journal Biocell volume 31 issue 2 pages 225 8 year 2007 month August pmid 17902270 doi url ref It eats its food by taking its pseudopods and captures the food with them. 1911 wstitle Difflugia References reflist External links http tolweb.org Difflugia 124487 Tree of Life Difflugia Amoebozoa Category Amoebozoa bg de Difflugia es Difflugia id Difflugia pl Difflugia sr Difflugia uk ... more details
Automatic taxobox taxon Endogonaceae parent authority Fernard Moreau Moreau ex R.K. Benj authority Giulio Paoletti Paol. display children 1 Endogonales is an order biology order of fungi within the phylum of Zygomycota . It contains only one family biology family , Endogonaceae , with four genera and 27 species. ref name Kirk2008 cite book author Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. title Dictionary of the Fungi. edition 10th publisher CABI location Wallingford year 2008 page 233 isbn 978 0 85199 826 8 ref Life cycle The life cycle biology life cycle of the Engogonales is distinguished by their production of small sporocarp fungi sporocarp s containing many zygospore s, which are eaten by rodents and distributed by their feces. They also produce a fetid odor that attracts mammal s and encourages them to eat their fruiting bodies, and so spread their spores. ref name Alexopolous Food Like all fungi, they are heterotroph s with some being described as saprobe s with weak evidence . ref name Alexopolous C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004 ISBN 0 471 52229 5 ref References reflist 30em Fungi classification Category Zygomycota fungus stub de Endogonales ko ja ru ... more details
Not to be confused with Arachnites italic title Taxobox name Arachnitis image Arachnitis uniflora Phil. 2076079153 .jpg image caption A. uniflora regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Liliales familia Corsiaceae genus Arachnitis subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text Arachnitis uniflora , the sole species in the genus Arachnitis , is a non photosynthetic species of plant . ref name dominguez It is a myco heterotroph which gets many of its nutrients from fungi of the genus Glomus fungus Glomus which live in its roots. ref name dominguez citation journal Botany volume 87 issue 12 pages 1198 1208 date 2009 doi 10.1139 B09 081 title The mycoheterotroph Arachnitis uniflora has a unique association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi author Laura S. Dom nguez, Lewis Melville, Alicia S rsic, Antonella Faccio, and R. Larry Peterson ref It is found in South America and is part of the Corsiaceae family. Description Although the fungi in question are in some ways the same kind of arbuscular mycorrhizae which are found in the roots of many plants, the details of their association with the plant roots differ in key ways such as the absence of arbuscules . ref name dominguez References references Category Liliales genera Category Corsiaceae Category Parasitic plants Liliales stub Link GA de de Arachnitis uniflora es Arachnitis kv no Arachnitis koi pl Arachnitis uniflora ... more details
Biotic components are the living things that shape an ecosystem . A biotic factor is any living component that affects another organism , including animal s that consume the organism in question, and the living food that the organism consumes. Each biotic factor neto abiotic component s, which are non living components of an organism s environment, such as temperature, light, moisture, air currents, etc. Biotic components usually include Producers, i.e. autotroph s e.g. plants they convert the energy from the sun, or other sources such as hydrothermal vent s into food. Consumers, i.e. heterotroph s e.g. animals they depend upon producers for food. Decomposers, i.e. detritivore s e.g. fungi and bacteria they break down chemicals from producers and consumers into simpler form which can be reused. See also Abiotic component Biotic stress Ecology ecology stub modelling ecosystems Category Ecology ca Factor bi tic da Biotisk faktor de Biotische Umweltfaktoren et Biootilised tegurid es Factores bi ticos eo Biotaj medifaktoroj eu Faktore biotiko id Komponen biotik jv Kompon n biotik lb Biotesch mweltfaktoren mk pl Czynniki biotyczne pt Fator bi tico ru fi Bioottiset ymp rist tekij t ... more details
Heterotrophic nutrition is nutrition obtained by digesting organic compounds. Animals, fungi, many prokaryotes and protoctists are unable to synthesize organic compounds to use as food. They are called heterotroph s. Heterotrophic organisms have to acquire and take in all the organic substances they need to survive. ref http www.int res.com articles meps 22 m022p101.pdf Heterotrophic nutrition and control of bacterial density ref All heterotrophs except blood and gut parasites have to convert solid food into soluble compounds capable of being absorbed digestion . When the soluble products of digestion are absorbed they are distributed to various parts of the organism where complex materials assimilation or broken down for the release of energy respiration . All heterotrophs depend on autotrophs for their nutrition. Heterotrophic plants has only 4 types The three main types of heterotrophic nutrition are Holozoic nutrition Complex food is taken into a specialist digestive system and broken down into small pieces to be absorbed. This consists of 5 stages, ingestion , digestion , absorption , assimilation biology assimilation and egestion . Saprotroph Saprobiontic saprotrophic Organisms feed on dead organic remains of other organisms. Parasitic Parasitism Organisms obtain food from other living organisms the host , with the host receiving no benefit from the parasite. References reflist modelling ecosystems Category Trophic ecology Category Biological interactions kk ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Monotropsis odorata image Monotropsis odorata.jpg status G3 status system TNC regnum Plant ae divisio Flowering plant Angiospermae classis Magnoliopsida ordo Ericales familia Ericaceae genus Monotropsis species M. odorata binomial Monotropsis odorata binomial authority Lewis David de Schweinitz Schwein. ex Stephen Elliott botanist Elliot Monotropsis odorata , also known as sweet pinesap or pygmy pipes is a member of the subfamily Monotropoidiae of the blueberry family, the Ericaceae . It was formerly placed in the Monotropaceae or Pyrolaceae. It is native to the Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern United States, and is viewed as being uncommon throughout its range. Like all members of the subfamily, Monotropsis odorata does not contain chlorophyll it is a myco heterotroph , getting its food through parasitism upon fungi rather than photosynthesis. These fungi form a mycorrhiza with nearby tree species. References reflist http plants.usda.gov java ClassificationServlet?source profile&symbol MOOD2&display 31 USDA http www.fs.fed.us wildflowers interesting mycotrophic monotropsis odorata.shtml US Forest Service See also List of species of special concern in Rabun County, Georgia Category Ericaceae Category Wildflowers of the Great Smoky Mountains Category Plants described in 1817 Ericaceae stub ar de Monotropsis odorata ... more details
Taxobox regnum Bacteria phylum Cyanobacteria classis Cyanophyceae ordo Nostocales familia Nostocaceae genus Anabaena species A. variabilis binomial Anabaena variabilis Anabaena variabilis is a species of filamentous cyanobacterium . This species of the genus Anabaena and the domain Eubacteria is capable of photosynthesis . This species is also known to be heterotroph ic in that it may grow without light in the presence of fructose . It also can convert nitrogen gas atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia via nitrogen fixation . Anabaena variabilis is a phylogenic cousin of the more well known species Nostoc spirrilum . Both of these species along with many other cyanobacteria are known to form symbiosis symbiotic relationships with plants. Other cyanobacteria are known to form symbiotic relationships with diatom s, though no such relationship has been observed with Anabaena variabilis . Anabaena variabilis is also a model organism for studying the beginnings of multicellular life due to its filamentous characterization and cellular differentiation capabilities. References references cite journal last Ungerer first Justin coauthors Brenda Pratte and Teresa Thiel title Regulation of fructose transport and its effect on fructose toxicity in Anabaena spp. journal Journal of Bacteriology year 2008 month December volume 190 issue 24 pages 8115 8125 doi 10.1128 JB.00886 08 pmid 18931119 Category Cyanobacteria ... more details
seealso Biomass ecology In ecology, productivity or production refers to the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem. It is usually expressed in units of mass per unit surface or volume per unit time, for instance Gram grams per square metre per day . The mass unit may relate to dry matter or to the mass of carbon based life carbon generated. Productivity of autotroph s such as plant s is called primary productivity , while that of heterotroph s such as animal s is called secondary productivity . ref name allaby cite book editor1 first Michael editor1 last Allaby title A Dictionary of Ecology url http www.oxfordreference.com views ENTRY.html?subview Main&entry t14.e4512 accessdate 2009 12 03 edition Third year 2006 origyear 1994 publisher Oxford University Press location Oxford, UK isbn 9780198609056 ref Primary production main Primary production Primary production is the synthesis of new organic material from inorganic molecules such as H sub 2 sub O and CO sub 2 sub . It is dominated by the process of photosynthesis which uses sunlight to synthesise organic molecules such as sugar s, although chemosynthesis represents a small fraction of primary production. Organisms responsible for primary production include land plants, marine algae and some bacteria including cyanobacteria . Secondary production Secondary production is the generation of biomass of heterotroph ic consumer organisms in a system. This is driven by the transfer of organic material between trophic level s, and represents the quantity of new tissue biology tissue created through the use of assimilated food. Secondary production is sometimes defined to only include consumption of primary producers by herbivory herbivorous consumers ref cite web url http filaman.ifm geomar.de Glossary Glossary.php?q secondary production&language english&sc is title Definition of term Secondary production author date work The Glossary Table publisher FishBase accessdate 2009 12 03 ref with tertiary production refe ... more details
are often eaten by Heterotroph consumers and therefore commonly play important roles as recyclers ... are now termed Myco heterotrophy myco heterotroph s. ref Hershey DR. 1999. Myco heterophytes ... more details
taxobox italictitle name Geosiris regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Asparagales familia Iridaceae subfamilia Geosiridoideae subfamilia authority Goldblatt & J.C.Manning genus Geosiris genus authority Baillon type species Geosiris aphylla type species authority Baillon Geosiris is a genus in the Iridaceae family of flowering plants. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species Geosiris aphylla , sometimes called the earth iris sometimes not. Native to Madagascar and other islands in the Indian Ocean , G. aphylla is a small myco heterotroph lacking chlorophyll . The genus name is derived from the Greek language Greek words geos , meaning earth , and iris , referring to the Iris family of plants. ref name Goldblatt2008 cite book author Manning, John Goldblatt, Peter title The Iris Family Natural History & Classification publisher Timber Press location Portland, Oregon pages 96 98 year 2008 isbn 0 88192 897 6 ref Its rhizome s are slender and scaly, and stems are simple or branched. The leaves are alternate, but having no use, are reduced and scale like. The flowers are light purple. In 1939, F. P. Jonker assigned Geosiris to its own family Geosiridaceae in Orchidales , and this was adopted in the Cronquist system , with a note that the family was closely related to Iridaceae or Burmanniaceae . The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has since subsumed the family into Iridaceae. References reflist F. P. Jonker , Les G osiridac es, une nouvelle famille de Madagascar Recueil Trav. Bot. N erl. 36 473 179 Arthur Cronquist , An Integrated Systems of Classification of Flowering Plants Columbia University Press, 1981 p.1236 External links http www.mobot.org mobot madagascar rainforest.asp?order 35 Missouri Botanical Garden photo of Geosiris flowers http www.mobot.org MOBOT Madagasc irid.html A different picture Category Iridaceae genera iridaceae stub de Geosiris aphylla es Geosiris fr Geosiridaceae nl Geosiridaceae pt Geosiris zh ... more details
File Periphyton.jpg thumb right 300px Periphyton in the Everglades File Eustrombus gigas.jpg thumb 300px The shell of Eustrombus gigas in its natural habitat is covered by periphyton. Periphyton are a complex mixture of algae , cyanobacteria , heterotroph ic microbe s, and detritus that are attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystem s. It serves as an important food source for invertebrate s, tadpoles, and some fish . It can also absorb contaminant s removing them from the watercolumn and limiting their movement through the environment. The periphyton is also an important indicator of water quality responses of this community to pollutant s can be measured at a variety of scales representing physiological to community level changes. Periphyton communities are used in aquaculture food production systems for the removal of solid and dissolved pollutants. Their performance in filtration is established and their application as aquacultural feed is being researched. A risk for periphyton stems from urbanization. Increased turbidity levels associated with urban sprawl can smother periphyton causing its detachment from the rocks they live on. They can be important for the clearance of harmful chemicals and reducing turbidity. Periphyton serve as good indicators of water quality ref name 1 http www.epa.gov bioindicators html periphyton.html , EPA Periphyton as Biological Indicators ref because They have a naturally high number of species. They have a fast response to changes. They are easy to sample. They are known for their tolerance sensitivity to change. External links http www.mbl.edu mrc outreach sustainable aquaculture overview.html Marine Biological Laboratory Sustainable Aquaculture Initiative Developing plant based fish diets and pond management protocols for the Comprehensive Development Project CODEP in L Acul, Haiti http www.fiu.edu algae Macrophyte and Periphyton lab . References references Category Aquatic ecology Category Bioindicators ecology s ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2011 Enhanced biological phosphorus removal EBPR is a wastewater treatment configuration applied to activated sludge systems for the removal of phosphate . The common element in EBPR implementations is the presence of an wikt anaerobic anaerobic tank nitrate and oxygen are absent prior to the aeration tank. Under these conditions a group of heterotroph ic bacteria , called polyphosphate accumulating organisms PAO are selectively enriched in the bacterial community within the activated sludge. These bacteria accumulate large quantities of polyphosphate within their cell biology cell s and the removal of phosphorus is said to be enhanced . Generally speaking, all bacteria contain a fraction 1 2 of phosphorus in their biomass due to the its presence in cellular components, such as Cell membrane membrane phospholipid s and DNA . Therefore as bacteria in a wastewater treatment plant consume nutrients in the wastewater, they grow and phosphorus is incorporated into the bacterial biomass . When PAOs grow they not only consume phosphorus for cellar components but also accumulate large quantities of polyphosphate within their cells. Thus, the phosphorus fraction of phosphorus accumulating biomass is 5 7 . This biomass is then separated from the treated water at end of the process and the phosphorus is thus removed. Thus if PAOs are selectively enriched by the EBPR configuration, considerably more phosphorus is removed, compared to the relatively poor phosphorus removal in conventional activated sludge systems. External links http www.scq.ubc.ca ?p 698 EPBR Metagenomics The Solution to Pollution is Biotechnological Revolution A Review from the Science Creative Quarterly http www.phosphorus recovery.tu darmstadt.de Website of the Technische Universit t Darmstadt and the CEEP about Phosphorus Recovery DEFAULTSORT Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Category Biotechnology Category Waste treatment technology ar ... more details
Refimprove date April 2011 An organotroph is an organism that obtains hydrogen or electrons from organic substrates a form of a chemotroph . This term is used in microbiology to classify and describe organisms based on how they obtain energy. Typically most organotrophs such as animals and many bacteria, are also heterotrophs. Organotrophs can be either anaerobic or aerobic. Antonym Chemoorganotroph , Lithotroph , Adjective Organotrophic . See also Primary nutritional groups Chemoorganotroph Lithotroph Heterotroph Autotroph modelling ecosystems Category Hydrogen biology Category Marine Microbiology Category Microbial Ecology ca Organ trof cs Organotrofie de Organotrophie et Organotroof fr Organotrophie nl Organotroof pl Organotrofia pt Organotrofia es Organotroph ru uk External Links http evolutionwiki.org wiki Organotroph References 1 Michael Allaby. organotroph. A Dictionary of Zoology. 1999, Retrieved March 30, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1O8 organotroph.html 2 The Prokaryotes A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria 3rd Ed., Vol 1, CHAPTER 1.4, Prokaryote Characterization and Identi cation 7, Retrieved from http www.scribd.com doc 9724380 1The Prokaryotes A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria 3rd Ed Vol 1 3 Respiration in aquatic ecosystems Paul A. Del Giorgio, Peter J. leB. Williams, Science, 2005, Retrieved April 24, 2012 from http books.google.com books?id pD5RUDW1m7IC&lpg PP1&pg PP1 v onepage&q&f false 4 Phylogenetic structure of unusual aquatic microbial formations in Nullarbor caves, Australia. Andrew J. Holmes1, Niina A. Tujula1, Marita Holley1, Annalisa Contos, Julia M. James, Peter Rogers, Michael R. Gillings1, Article first published online 20 DEC 2001 Retrieved April 24, 2012 http dx.doi.org 10.1046 j.1462 2920.2001.00187.x 5 Iron reduction by bacteria range of organisms involved and metals reduced. J. Gwynfryn Jones, William Davison, Steven Gardener. Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry House, ... more details
Taxobox name Coralroot orchid image Corallorrhiza trifida 02 mg k.jpg image caption Corallorhiza trifida regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Asparagales familia Orchidaceae subfamilia Epidendroideae tribus Maxillarieae subtribus Corallorhizinae genus Corallorhiza genus authority Gagnebin synonyms Corallorrhiza small Gagnebin small , orth. var. Corallorhiza , the coralroot orchids , is a genus of flowers in the Orchidaceae orchid family. Most species are leafless, relying entirely upon symbiotic fungi within their coral shaped roots for sustenance. Because of this dependence on myco heterotrophy within their mycorrhizae , they cannot be successfully cultivated. Most species do not produce chlorophyll , and do not depend on photosynthesis for energy. An exception is the yellowish green species Corallorhiza trifida , which has some chlorophyll and is only partially dependent on its fungal associates for nutrition. ref Zimmer, K., et al. 2008 . http www3.interscience.wiley.com cgi bin fulltext 119394724 HTMLSTART The ectomycorrhizal specialist orchid Corallorhiza trifida is a partial myco heterotroph. New Phytologist 178 2 395 400. ref Except for the circumboreal C. trifida , the genus is restricted to the New World . List of species valign top Corallorhiza anandae Corallorhiza arizonica Corallorhiza arizonica Corallorhiza bentleyi Corallorhiza bigelovii Corallorhiza bigelovii Corallorhiza bulbosa Corallorhiza corallorrhiza Corallorhiza ekmanii Corallorhiza macrantha Corallorhiza maculata Corallorhiza mertensiana Corallorhiza odontorhiza Corallorhiza striata Corallorhiza trifida Corallorhiza wisteriana Gallery center gallery Image Corallorhiza maculata 11320.JPG Corallorhiza maculata C. maculata Image Corallorhizamertensiana.jpg Corallorhiza mertensiana C. mertensiana gallery center See also Neottia Pterospora References reflist Freudenstein, J.V., A Monograph of Corallorhiza. Harvard Papers in Botany 10 5 51, 1997 Commons category ... more details
Taxobox image Pholismaarenarium.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Flowering plant Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterid s ordo unplaced familia Boraginaceae genus Pholisma species P. arenarium binomial Pholisma arenarium binomial authority Thomas Nuttall Nutt. ex William Jackson Hooker Hook. Pholisma arenarium is a species of flowering plant in the Boraginaceae borage family known by several common names, including desert Christmas tree , scaly stemmed sand plant , and purple sand food . It is native to northwestern Mexico, Arizona and southern California , where it grows in many habitat types, including desert, chaparral , and sandy coastal dune s. It is a fleshy perennial herb taking a compact cylindrical or ovate shape up to 20 or 30 centimeters tall above ground, often with part of the stem below the sandy surface. It is a parasitic plant growing on the roots or of various shrub s such as Hymenoclea burrobush , Eriodictyon Yerba Santa , Croton californicus California croton , Chrysothamnus rabbitbrush , and ragweed s. ref http www.azgfd.gov w c edits documents Pholaren.d 000.pdf Arizona Game & Fish Fact Sheet ref As a heterotroph which derives its nutrients from other plants, it lacks chlorophyll and is brownish gray or whitish in color. There are hairy, glandular, pointed leaves along the surface of the plant. Flowers emerge between them, each roughly one centimeter wide, the rounded corolla lavender to deep or bright purple with a white margin. References reflist External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?4933,4934,4935 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol PHAR5 USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Pholisma arenarium Photo gallery Category Pholisma arenarium Category Flora of Baja California Category Flora of California Category Flora of Arizona Asterid stub ... more details
thumb 500px Flowchart to determine if a species is autotroph, heterotroph , or a subtype Autotroph Chemoautotroph Photoautotroph Heterotroph Chemoheterotroph Photoheterotroph See also Primary ... more details
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