In organic chemistry , a hexose is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, having the chemical formula C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub . Hexoses are classified by functional group , with aldohexoses having an aldehyde at position 1, and ketohexose s having a ketone at position 2. Aldohexoses The aldohexose s have four chiral centre s for a total of 16 possible aldohexose stereoisomer s 2 sup 4 sup . The small D small small L small configuration is based on the orientation of the hydroxyl at position 5, and does not refer to the direction of optical activity . The eight small D small aldohexoses are gallery File DAllose Fischer.svg small D small Allose File DAltrose Fischer.svg small D small Altrose File DGlucose Fischer.svg small D small Glucose File Mannose.svg small D small Mannose File DGulose Fischer.svg small D small Gulose File DIdose Fischer.svg small D small Idose File DGalactose Fischer.svg small D small Galactose File DTalose Fischer.svg small D small Talose gallery Of these small D small isomers, all except small D small altrose are naturally occurring. small L small Altrose, however, has been isolated from strains of the bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens . ref Ref patent country US number 4966845 title Microbial production of L altrose invent1 Stack Robert J. status patent gdate 1990 10 30 assign1 Government of the United States of America, Secretary of Agriculture class ref A mnemonic for the aldohexoses is All Altruists Gladly Make Gum in Gallon Tanks all ose, altr ose, gl ucose, ma nnose, gu lose, i dose, gal actose, ta lose. When drawn in this order, the Fischer projections of the small D small aldohexoses follow a pattern. Allose has all four hydroxyl ... configurations and . This process is termed mutarotation . Hexose sugars can form disaccharide ... old bg ca Hexosa cs Hex zy da Hexose de Hexosen es Hexosa eo Heksozo eu Hexosa fr Hexose gl Hexosa ko it Esoso nl Hexose ja pl Heksozy pt Hexose ru sr Heksoza sv Hexos ... more details
enzyme Name hexose oxidase EC number 1.1.3.5 CAS number 9028 75 5 IUBMB EC number 1 1 3 5 GO code 0047979 image width caption In enzymology , a hexose oxidase EC number 1.1.3.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D glucose O sub 2 sub math rightleftharpoons math D glucono 1,5 lactone H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are D glucose and oxygen O sub 2 sub , whereas its two product chemistry products are D glucono 1,5 lactone and hydrogen peroxide H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with oxygen as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D hexose oxygen 1 oxidoreductase . This enzyme participates in pentose phosphate pathway . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , copper . References reflist 1 cite journal author BEAN RC, HASSID WZ date 1956 title Carbohydrate oxidase from A red alga, Iridophycus flaccidum journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 218 pages 425&ndash 36 pmid 13278350 issue 1 cite journal author BEAN RC, PORTER GG, STEINBERG BM date 1961 title Carbohydrate metabolism of citrus fruits. II. Oxidation of sugars by an aerodehydrogenase from young orange fruits journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 236 pages 1235&ndash 40 pmid 13688220 cite journal author Sullivan JD Jr, Ikawa M date 1973 title Purification and characterization of hexose oxidase from the red alga Chondrus crispus journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 309 pages 11&ndash 22 pmid 4708670 issue 1 1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.3 Category Copper enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Esoso ossidasi ja ... more details
enzyme Name acyl phosphate hexose phosphotransferase EC number 2.7.1.61 CAS number 37278 06 1 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 61 GO code 0047328 image width caption In enzymology , an acyl phosphate hexose phosphotransferase EC number 2.7.1.61 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction acyl phosphate D hexose math rightleftharpoons math an acid D hexose phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are acyl phosphate and D hexose , whereas its two product chemistry products are acid and D hexose phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl phosphate D hexose phosphotransferase . This enzyme is also called hexose phosphate hexose phosphotransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Anderson RL and Kamel MY date 1966 title Acyl phosphate hexose phosphotransferase hexose phosphate hexose phosphotransferase journal Methods Enzymol. volume 9 pages 392&ndash 396 doi 10.1016 0076 6879 66 09080 3 cite journal author Kamel MY, Anderson RL date 1967 title Acyl phosphate hexose phosphotransferase. Purification and properties of the enzyme from Aerobacter aerogenes and evidence for its common identity with hexose phosphate hexose phosphotransferase journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 120 pages 322&ndash 31 pmid 6033450 doi 10.1016 0003 9861 67 90246 9 issue 2 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name phosphoramidate hexose phosphotransferase EC number 2.7.1.62 CAS number 9031 45 2 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 62 GO code 0047329 image width caption Orphan date February 2009 In enzymology , a phosphoramidate hexose phosphotransferase EC number 2.7.1.62 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction phosphoramidate hexose math rightleftharpoons math NH sub 3 sub alpha D hexose 1 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are phosphoramidate and hexose , whereas its two product chemistry products are ammonia NH sub 3 sub and alpha D hexose 1 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is phosphoramidate hexose 1 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include phosphoramidate hexose transphosphorylase , and phosphoramidic hexose transphosphorylase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Smith RA and Thiesen MC date 1966 title Phosphoramidate hexose transphosphorylase journal Methods Enzymol. volume 9 pages 403&ndash 407 doi 10.1016 0076 6879 66 09082 7 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2011 orphan February 2011 The Uptake of Hexose Phosphates Uhp is a protein system found in bacteria . It is a type of two component Sensory Transduction Pathway which helps bacteria to react to their environment. ref name Exogeneous induction cite journal last1 Shattuck Eidens first1 Donna M. last2 Kadner first2 Robert J. title Exogenous Induction of the Escherichia coli Hexose Phosphate Transport System Defined by uhp lac Operon Fusions journal Journal of bacteriology volume 148 issue 1 pages 203 9 year 1981 pmid 6793554 pmc 216182 url http jb.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 6793554 ref Protein Components The uhp system is composed of UhpA, UhpB, UhpC, and Uhp T. UhpB and UhpC are both transmembrane protein s which form a complex with each other. UhpA is a signal protein found in the cytoplasm . ref name positive activation cite journal last1 Shattuck Eidens first1 Donna M. last2 Kadner first2 Robert J. title Molecular Cloning of the uhp Region and Evidence for a Positive Activator for Expression of the Hexose Phosphate Transport System of Escherichia coli journal Journal of bacteriology volume 155 issue 3 pages 1062 70 year 1983 pmid 6350260 pmc 217799 ref UhpT is a transporter protein which facilitates the uptake of phosphorylated hexose molecules into the cell. ref name pho interference cite journal last1 Hoffer first1 Sally last2 Uden first2 Nathalie last3 Tommassen first3 Jan title Expression of the pho regulon interferes with induction of the uhpT gene in Escherichia coli K 12 journal Archives of Microbiology volume 176 issue 5 pages 370 6 year 2001 pmid 11702079 doi 10.1007 s002030100339 ref Functionality The Uhp system uptakes phosphorylated hexose sugars into bacteria. The Uhp system is triggered by phosphorylated hexose sugars on the outside of the cell. UhpC binds to the phosphorylated hexose which allows the phosphorylation .... ref name positive activation UhpT then facilitates the transport of the phosphorylated hexose sugars ... more details
Image Shiitakegrowing2.jpg thumb Active Hexose Correlated Compound is a chemical isolated from the Shiitake mushroom. Active Hexose Correlated Compound AHCC is an alpha glucan rich nutritional supplement produced from the mycelia of shiitake Lentinula edodes of the basidiomycete family of mushrooms , and is not an approved drug. ref Cite journal doi 10.3177 jnsv.53.536 last1 Spierings first1 EL last2 ... of the nutritional supplement, active hexose correlated compound, AHCC, in healthy volunteers url ... of active hexose correlated compound AHCC in healthy volunteers a double blind, placebo controlled ... between the two groups. AHCC Active Hexose Correlated Compound AHCC Active Hexose Correlated ... hexose correlated compound, AHCC, in healthy volunteers. journal Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology ... Hexose Correlated Compound Hepatic Metabolism and Potential for Drug Interactions with Chemotherapy ... effect of active hexose correlated compound AHCC in healthy volunteers a double blind, placebo controlled ... Y, Wang S, Matsuzaki S, Suppressive effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound on Thymic apoptosis ... system s ability to recognize tumors, ref Gao Y, Zhang D, Sun BX, Fujii H, Kosuna K, Yin Z, Active Hexose ... active Hexose correlated compound intake. ref AHCC and Cancer There have been reports of tumor reduction ... severity of hair loss. ref Mukoda T, Sun B, Kosuna K, Active hexose correlated compound AHCC protects ... with Active Hexose Correlated Compound increases the innate immune response of young mice ... T, Active Hexose Correlated Compound AHCC enhances host resistance to West Nile encephalitis, 15th ... Hexose Correlated Compound AHCC enhances resistance against bird flu, Japanese J Comp Alt Med 1 4 ... of active hexose correlated compound on the increased activity of hepatic and renal ornithine decarboxylase ... Hexose Correlated Compound in high risk group for liver cancer development, 11th International Symposium ... supplements it Active Hexose Correlated Compound ja AHCC ... more details
Multiple issues expert subject August 2008 cleanup August 2008 orphan February 2009 enzyme Name nucleoside triphosphate hexose 1 phosphate nucleotidyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.28 CAS number 37278 26 5 IUBMB EC number 2 7 7 28 GO code 0047339 image width caption In enzymology , a nucleoside triphosphate aldose 1 phosphate nucleotidyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.28 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction nucleoside triphosphate alpha D aldose 1 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math diphosphate NDP hexose Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are nucleoside triphosphate and alpha D aldose 1 phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are diphosphate and NDP hexose . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing nucleotide groups nucleotidyltransferase s . The systematic name of this enzyme class is NTP alpha D aldose 1 phosphate nucleotidyltransferase . Other names in common use include NDP hexose pyrophosphorylase , hexose 1 phosphate nucleotidyltransferase , hexose nucleotidylating enzyme , nucleoside diphosphohexose pyrophosphorylase , hexose 1 phosphate guanylyltransferase , GTP alpha D hexose 1 phosphate guanylyltransferase , GDP hexose pyrophosphorylase , guanosine diphosphohexose pyrophosphorylase , nucleoside triphosphate hexose 1 phosphate nucleotidyltransferase , and NTP hexose 1 phosphate nucleotidyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Verachtert H, Rodriguez P, Bass ST, Hansen RG date 1966 title Purification and properties of guanosine diphosphate hexose pyrophosphorylase from mammalian tissues journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 241 pages 2007&ndash 13 pmid 5946626 issue 9 cite journal author Hansen RG, Verachtert H, Rodriguez P and Bass ST date 1966 title GDP hexose pyrophosphorylase from liver journal Methods Enzymol. volume 8 pages 269&ndash 271 doi 10.1016 0076 6879 66 08048 0 series Methods in Enzymology isbn 9780121818081 e ... more details
Hexosyltransferases are a type of glycosyltransferase that catalyze the transfer of a hexose . Examples include glucosyltransferases transfer glucose galactosyltransferases transfer galactose fucosyltransferase s transfer fucose glucuronosyltransferase transfer glucuronic acid They are classified under Enzyme Commission number EC number 2.4.1. External links MeshName Hexosyltransferases CrispThesaurus 00003765 enzyme stub Glycosyltransferases Category Transferases ... more details
A ketohexose is a ketone containing hexose a six carbon monosaccharide . ref cite book title The vocabulary of organic chemistry editor Milton Orchin publisher Wiley year 1980 isbn 9780471044918 ref The most common ketohexoses, each of which represents a pair of enantiomer s small D small and small L small isomers , include fructose , psicose , sorbose , and tagatose . Ketohexose is stable over a wide pH range, and with a primary p K sub a sub of 10.28, will only deprotonate at high pH, so is marginally less stable than aldohexose in solution. class wikitable align center File D fructose CASCC.png 150px br br small D small Fructose File Psicose.png 150px br br small D small Psicose File D sorbose.png 150px br br small D small Sorbose File Tagatose.png 150px br br small D small Tagatose align center File L fructose.png 150px br br small L small Fructose File L psicose.png 150px br br small L small Psicose File Sorbose.png 150px br br small L small Sorbose File L tagatose.png 150px br br small L small Tagatose References reflist Category Ketohexoses Carbohydrates ketone stub ca Cetohexosa de Hexosen Die Ketohexosen fr C tohexose pt Ceto hexose sr Ketoheksoza sv Ketohexos zh ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2009 The Affix suffix ose is used in biochemistry to form the names of sugar s. Numerous systems exist to name specific sugars more descriptively. Monosaccharide s, the simplest sugars, may be named according to the number of carbon atoms in each molecule of the sugar pentose is a five carbon monosaccharide, and hexose is a six carbon monosaccharide. Aldehyde monosaccharides may be called aldose s ketone monosaccharides may be called ketose s. Larger sugars such as disaccharide s and polysaccharide s can be named to reflect their qualities. Lactose , a disaccharide found in milk , gets its name from the Latin word for milk combined with the sugar suffix its name means milk sugar . The polysaccharide that makes up plant starch is named amylose , or starch sugar see amyl Etymology . There are these theories about the origin of the ose suffix Extracted from glucose , an important hexose whose name came from Greek sweet . Extracted from sucrose , whose name came from Latin sucrum sugar plus the common Latin adjective forming suffix sus Latin sucrosus would mean sugary . Orgchemsuffixes DEFAULTSORT Ose Category Chemistry suffixes ... more details
Wiktionary shunt Shunt may refer to Shunt medical a hole or passage allowing fluid to move from one part of the body to another Shunt electrical a device allowing electrical current to pass around a point in a circuit Shunt railway operations the process of sorting items of rolling stock into train sets or consists, also called switching Shunt theatre company an experimental theatre company based in London Hexose monophosphate shunt biochemistry alternate name for the Pentose phosphate pathway disambig de Shunt es Shunt it Shunt nl Shunt sv Shunt ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub The molecular formula C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub molar mass 180.15 g mol, exact mass 180.063388 may refer to Hexose s Allose Altrose Fructose Galactose Glucose L Glucose Gulose Idose Mannose Psicose Sorbose Tagatose Talose Inositol s Allo inositol D chiro inositol L chiro inositol Cis inositol Epi inositol Muco inositol Neo inositol Scyllo inositol molFormDisambig fr C6H12O6 it C6H12O6 lb C6H12O6 sr C6H12O6 sv C6H12O6 ... more details
Image Alpha D glucosamine.png thumb 120px right Chemical structure of D glucosamine . Note amine group NH sub 2 sub . Image Alpha D Glucose.svg thumb 120px right Glucose . Note hydroxy group OH in place of the amine. Hexosamines are amino sugar s created by adding an amine group to a hexose . Examples include Fructosamine based upon fructose Galactosamine based upon galactose Glucosamine based upon glucose Mannosamine based upon mannose External links MeshName Hexosamines Category Hexosamines organic compound stub de Hexosamine es Hexosamina sv Hexosamin ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Unreferenced date June 2008 Sugar Signals biology signaling is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism used by organisms to survive. Sugars have an overwhelming effect on gene expression . In yeast , glucose levels are managed by controlling the mRNA levels of hexose transporters, while in mammals , the response to glucose is more tightly controlled with glucose metabolism and is therefore much more complex. Several glucose responsive DNA Sequence motif motifs and DNA binding protein complexes have been identified in liver and b cells . Although not proven, glucose Repressor repression appears to be conserved in plants because in many cases, both sugar induction and sugar repression are initiated by turning off transcription factors . Category Evolutionary biology ... more details
File Glycolaldehyde 3D balls.png thumb Glycolaldehyde is the only diose A diose is a monosaccharide containing two carbon atom s. Because the general chemical formula of an unmodified monosaccharide is C H sub 2 sub O sub n sub , where n is three or greater, it does not meet the formal definition of a monosaccharide. However, since it does fit the formula C H sub 2 sub O sub n sub , it is sometimes thought of as the most basic sugar. There is only one possible diose, glycolaldehyde 2 hydroxyethanal , which is an aldodiose a ketodiose is not possible since there are only two carbons . See also Triose Tetrose Pentose Hexose Heptose biochem stub Carbohydrates Category Monosaccharides es Diosa monosac rido gl Diosa ko ja zh ... more details
enzyme Name protein N PI phosphohistidine sugar phosphotransferase EC number 2.7.1.69 CAS number 37278 09 4 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 69 GO code 0008982 image width caption Orphan date February 2009 In enzymology , a protein Npi phosphohistidine sugar phosphotransferase EC number 2.7.1.69 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction protein Npi phospho L histidine sugar math rightleftharpoons math protein histidine sugar phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are protein Npi phospho L histidine and sugar , whereas its two product chemistry products are protein histidine and sugar phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is protein Npi phosphohistidine sugar Npi phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include glucose permease , PTS permease , phosphotransferase, phosphohistidinoprotein hexose , enzyme IIl4ac , gene glC proteins , gene bglC RNA formation factors , PEP dependent phosphotransferase enzyme II , PEP sugar phosphotransferase enzyme II , phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase enzyme II , phosphohistidinoprotein hexose phosphotransferase , phosphohistidinoprotein hexose phosphoribosyltransferase , phosphoprotein factor hexose phosophotransferase , protein, specific or class, gene bglC , ribonucleic acid formation factor, gene glC , sucrose phosphotransferase system II , and protein Npi phosphohistidine sugar N pros phosphotransferase . This enzyme participates in 7 metabolism metabolic pathways glycolysis gluconeogenesis , fructose and mannose metabolism , galactose metabolism , ascorbate and aldarate metabolism , starch and sucrose metabolism , aminosugars metabolism , and phosphotransferase system pts . Structural studies As of late 2007, 29 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Pr ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A heptose is a monosaccharide with seven carbon atoms. They have either an aldehyde functional group in position 1 aldoheptoses or a ketone functional group in position 2 ketoheptoses . There are few examples of C 7 sugars in nature, among which are Sedoheptulose or D altro heptulose a ketose , an early intermediate in lipid A biosynthesis Mannoheptulose , found in avocado avocados L glycero D manno heptose an aldose , a late intermediate in lipid A biosynthesis. Ketoheptoses have 4 chiral centers, whereas aldoheptoses have 5. See also Diose Triose Tetrose Pentose Hexose Carbohydrates Category Heptoses Biochem stub bg ca Heptosa de Heptosen es Heptosa fr Heptose gl Heptosa it Eptoso hu Hept z pl Heptozy pt Heptose sv Heptos ta zh ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 401735635 ImageFileL1 Daunosamine.png ImageSizeL1 120px ImageFileR1 Daunosamine pyranose.png ImageSizeR1 120px IUPACName Linear 3 S ,4 S ,5 S 3 amino 4,5 dihydroxyhexanal br Pyranose 3 S ,4 S ,5 S 4 amino 6 methyl tetrahydropyran 2,5 diol OtherNames 3 Amino 2,3,6 trideoxy small L small lyxo hexose Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 26548 47 0 CASOther linear br 4305 54 8 pyranose PubChem 160128 SMILES C C H C H C H CC O N O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 13 sub NO sub 3 sub MolarMass 147.17 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Daunosamine is a deoxy sugar and amino sugar of the Hexosamines hexosamine class. Daunosamine is a component of the anthracycline class of antineoplastic s, linked to a derivative of naphthacene . gallery Image Daunorubicin.png Daunorubicin Image Idarubicin.svg Idarubicin Image Doxorubicin Structure.png Doxorubicin gallery External links MeshName Daunosamine Category Hexosamines Category Deoxy sugars organic compound stub pharma stub ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 310328256 ImageFile Cladinose.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName 4R,5S,6S 4 Methoxy 4,6 dimethyl tetrahydropyran 2,5 diol OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 470 12 2 PubChem 443504 SMILES C C H 1 C H C CC O1 O C OC O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 8 sub H sub 16 sub O sub 4 sub MolarMass 176.21 g mol ExactMass 176.104859 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Cladinose is a hexose deoxy sugar that in several antibiotics such as erythromycin is attached to the macrolide ring. In ketolides , a relatively new class of antibiotics, the cladinose is replaced with a keto group. Image Erythromycin 2D skeletal.png thumb left Erythromycin with cladinose visible at bottom br style clear left External links MeshName Cladinose http pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov summary summary.cgi?cid 443504 PubChem http www.steve.gb.com images molecules sugars cladinose.png Diagrams Category Deoxy sugars Category Monosaccharides organic compound stub es Cladinosa pl Kladynoza ... more details
enzyme Name mannitol 1 phosphate 5 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.17 CAS number 9028 24 4 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 17 GO code 0008926 image width caption In enzymology , a mannitol 1 phosphate 5 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.17 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D mannitol 1 phosphate NAD sup sup math rightleftharpoons math D fructose 6 phosphate NADH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are D mannitol 1 phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are fructose 6 phosphate , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D mannitol 1 phosphate NAD 2 oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include hexose reductase , mannitol 1 phosphate dehydrogenase , D mannitol 1 phosphate dehydrogenase , and fructose 6 phosphate reductase . This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism. References reflist 1 cite journal author MARMUR J, HOTCHKISS RD date 1955 title Mannitol metabolism, a transferable property of pneumococcus journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 214 pages 383&ndash 96 pmid 14367396 issue 1 cite journal author Wolfe JB and Kaplan NO date 1955 editor1 last Wolff editor1 first Johnb editor2 first Nathano title Hexose phosphate and hexose reductase. A. D Mannitol 1 phosphate dehydrogenase from E. coli journal Methods Enzymol. volume 1 pages 346&ndash 348 doi 10.1016 0076 6879 55 01050 1 editor2 last Kaplan cite journal author Wolfe JB and Kaplan NO date 1956 title D Mannitol 1 phosphate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 218 pages 849&ndash 869 See also D Mannitol 1.1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Mannitolo 1 fosfato 5 deidrogenasi ja ... more details
of hexose residues that are attached to the last heptose residue in the inner core. Hexoses often ... to the third hexose. Other hexose are often found attached to the outer core, branching from the main ... more details
HMP might be an acronym or abbreviation for A file format known as a Height Map .hmp , used for terrain data in game development tools such as Gamestudio and 3d modelling programs. HM Prison His Her Majesty s Prison Haughton Mars Project , an international interdisciplinary field research project being carried out near the Haughton impact crater on Canada s northern Devon Island . Host Monitoring Protocol , an obsolete TCP IP Communications protocol protocol described in RFC 869. Hybrid MultiProcessing computer operating system architecture Heavy Missile Platform from the Star Wars universe. Hlavn M sto Praha lang cs Capital City Prague is an acronym used to refer to Prague , the capital of the Czech Republic in biochemistry Pentose phosphate pathway Hexose Mono Phosphate in the Pentose phosphate pathway also known as HMP Shunt Host media processing , a telephony processing technique Harvard Mediation Program Human microbiome project , an NIH led project to characterize the bacteria in and on the human body h.m.p. Japan h.m.p. , a Japanese adult video company Hausdorff maximal principle , a concept in mathematics High Maturity Program , a concept in Software development maturity. disambig it HMP no HMP ... more details
Matrotrophy is a form of development in which the embryo is supplied with additional nutrition from the mother e.g. through a placenta . This can be contrasted with lecithotrophy , in which the only source of nutrition for the embryo is yolk originally contained within its Egg biology egg . In plant sciences, matrotrophy maternal care is considered a critical innovation preceding the origin of embryophytes and thus essential to the evolution of land plants ref Graham LKE, Wilcox LW. 2000. The origin of alternation of generations in land plants a focus on matrotrophy and hexose transport. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London B355. 757 67. ref . Matrotrophy is facilitated by cytological and ultrastructural modifications on one or both sides of the generational junction, a region called the placenta ref Ligrone R, Duckett JG, Renzaglia KS. 1993. The gametophyte sporophyte junction in land plants. Advances in botanical research 19. 231 317. ref . Specialization of the placental cells pertains further to their cytological and ultrastructural characteristics the cytoplasm is often dense and rich in lipids, the vacuole is typically reduced but large in Sphagnum, the endoplasmic reticulum extensive, mitochondria numerous and large, chloroplasts numerous, often less differentiated, rich in lipid filled globuli and sometimes filled with starch ref Ligrone R, Duckett JG, Renzaglia KS. 1993. The gametophyte sporophyte junction in land plants. Advances in botanical research 19. 231 317. ref . References references Goffinet B, Et al. 2009. Morphology and classification of Bryophyta. In Bryophyte Biology 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. Category Embryology botany stub ... more details
File Pinot Noir Grapes Cristom Vineyard Oregon in early veraison.jpg thumb right Pinot noir grapes in the early stages of veraison. V raison is a viticulture grape growing term meaning the onset of ripening . It is originally French language French , but has been adopted into English language English use. The official definition of veraison is change of color of the grape berries. Veraison represents the transition from berry growth to berry ripening wine berry ripening , and many changes in berry development occur at veraison. Process Image V raison.JPG thumb right V raison in Chateauneuf du Pape Grape berries follow a double sigmoid growth curve . The initial phase of berry growth is a result of cell division and cell expansion . As berry growth of phase I slows this is termed the lag phase. The lag phase is not a physiological growth stage, but an artificial designation between the two growth periods of grape berry development. Post veraision, fruit acidity decreases due to degradation of Malic acid . The degradation of malic acid during ripening makes Tartaric acid the predominant acid grape berries also possess a small amount of citric acid. Tartaric acid accumulates early in phase I of berry growth, while malic acid accumulates at the end of phase I berry growth. At the same time as acidity decreases, hexose sugars are accumulated. The accumulation of hexose sugars glucose , fructose is associated with the development of xylem cell discontinuities. These discontinuities reduce the volume of water entering the berry relative to the volume of sugar, resulting in an increase in sugar concentration. Physiologically the sugar concentration can increase to around 25 percent via sugar imporation. Further increases in sugar concentration are due to dehydration of the fruit. The deposition of sugar into the berry depends on the level of leaf photosynthesis , the number of competing sinks on the vine and sugar importation. As ripening continues, the fruit becomes attrac ... more details
s , forming hexose phosphate. In most organisms, glucose is the most important substrate biochemistry ... by hexokinases can be typified as Hexose CH sub 2 sub OH MgATP su p 2&minus Hexose CH sub 2 sub O PO su b 3 p 2&minus MgADP su p &minus H sup sup where hexose CH sub 2 sub OH represents any of several ... Action of Hexokinase on Glucose Consequences of hexose phosphorylation Phosphorylation of a hexose ... within cells, as charged hexose phosphates cannot easily cross the cell membrane. Association ... more details
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