eds. , Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1 537 559 ref Morphology Hipparion resembled ... . These did not touch the ground. Hipparion was about convert 1.4 m hand lk out tall at the shoulder ... Pleistocene extinctions ca Hipparion es Hipparion fr Hipparion it Hipparion kk hu Hipparion ja pt Hipparion ru tl Hipparion ... more details
Taxobox name Cormohipparion fossil range Fossil range Late Miocene Pliocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Perissodactyla familia Equidae subfamilia Equinae genus Cormohipparion genus authority Skinner & MacFadden, 1977 type species Hipparion occidentale subdivision ranks Subgenera and Species subdivision Cormohipparion C. C. fricki C. C. goorisi C. C. johnsoni C. C. matthewi C. C. merriami C. C. occidentale C. C. quinni C. C. skinneri Notiocradohipparion C. N. plicatile C. N. ingenuum C. N. emsliei unassigned C. sinapensis The extinct Cormohipparion was originally described as a new genus of horse, and assigned to the tribe biology tribe Hipparionini . ref cite jstor 1303763 ref However it was soon argued that the partial material fell within the range of morphological variation seen in Hipparion , and that the members of Cormohipparion belonged instead within Hipparion . ref cite jstor 1304669 ref This rested on claims that pre orbital morphology did not have any taxonomic significance, a claim that detailed study of quarry sections later showed to be false. ref cite jstor 1304670 ref A reappraisal of many horse genera was thus conducted in 1984, ref Cite journal year 1984 journal American Museum of Natural History title Systematics and phylogeny of Hipparion, Neohipparion, Nannippus, and Cormohipparion Mammalia, Equidae from the Miocene and Pliocene of the new world author MacFadden, BJ postscript None ref and the proposed synonymy was not acknowledged by later literature. ref cite jstor 4523166 ref The genus is considered to represent an ancestor to Hippotherium . ref cite doi 10.1671 0272 4634 2005 025 0256 ANOOCW 2.0.CO 2 ref Its fossils have been recovered from as far south as Mexico. ref cite doi 10.1671 0272 4634 2008 28 243 CMPEFT 2.0.CO 2 ref References reflist portal Paleontology Category Prehistoric horses Category Miocene mammals Category Pliocene mammals paleo oddtoedungulate stub it Cormohipparion ... more details
La Roma is the name of a fossil site close to Mas a de la Roma within the Teruel Province of Spain. ref name M. D. Pesquero et al small M DOLORES PESQUERO, MAR A TERESA ALBERDI small and small LUIS ALCAL small March 2006 http books.google.co.uk books?id xUcBQvKOz4MC&pg PA206&lpg PA206&dq Stratiotici&source bl&ots QZBr7snB6s&sig 8cY3P4uAJtekblpYiDGmYzX8rqg&hl en&ei J0uhTtmjEMmA8gOvnenLBQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 4&ved 0CC4Q6AEwAzgK v onepage&q Stratiotici&f false Copyright 2012 by the Paleontological Society http www.jstor.org pss 4095130 2000 2012 ITHAKA. All Rights Reserved Journal of Paleontology volume 80, no. 2, pages 343 356 cite journal title small NEW SPECIES OF HIPPARION FROM LA ROMA 2 LATE VALLESIAN TERUEL, SPAIN A STUDY OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOMETRIC VARIABILITY OF HIPPARION PRIMIGENIUM small publisher Copyright 2012 by the Paleontological Society accessdate 2012 01 14 doi 10.1666 0022 3360 2006 080 0343 NSOHFL 2.0.CO 2 ref Finds A Palynology micropaleontological analysis of the digestion and diet of Hyena Evolution Hyenas of the latter part of the Miocene age was made possible from a large sample of Coprolite coprolite in the La Roma 2 site. ref M. Dolores Pesquero,Manuel J. Salesa,Eduardo Esp lez,Luis Mampel,Gema Siliceo,Luis Alcal October 2011 An exceptionally rich hyaena coprolites concentration in the Late Miocene mammal fossil site of La Roma 2 Teruel, Spain Taphonomical and palaeoenvironmental inferences Publication Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 15 http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S0031018211003968Copyright 2011, Elsevier Retrieved 2012 01 14 ref A new species of Hipparion M. D. Pesquero et al. 2006 horse was found at La Roma 2. The fossils found at that place are from the latter period of the Vallesian . ref name M. D. Pesquero et al Finds of Dicerorhinus schleiemacheri together with those of the Masia del Barbo in the Teruel and others were larger than the upper range for the species as specified ... more details
Otto A. Zdansky 1894 1988 was an Austria Austrian paleontologist . He is best known for his work in China , where he, as an assistant to Johan Gunnar Andersson , discovered a fossil tooth of the Peking Man in 1921 at the Dragon Bone Hill , although he did not disclose it until 1926 ref cite web url http users.rcn.com granger.nh.ultranet bulletin MorganLucas3.pdf title Morgan Lucas ref when he published it in Nature after an analysis by Davidson Black . He is also famous for his excavations of mammal fossils in Baode County area Pao Te Hsien , Shanxi Shanxi Province . ref cite web url http palaeo electronica.org 2005 1 jokela3 intro.htm title Hipparion Clay ref References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Zdansky, Otto ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Austrian paleontologist DATE OF BIRTH 1894 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1984 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Zdansky, Otto Category 1894 births Category 1984 deaths Category Austrian paleontologists paleontologist stub Austria scientist stub cs Otto Zdansky de Otto Zdansky es Otto Zdansky no Otto Zdansky sv Otto Zdansky ... more details
The Vallesian age is a period of geologic time 11.6 9.0 Mya unit Ma within the Miocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages . It precedes the Turolian age and follows the Astaracian age. The Turolian overlaps the Tortonian and Messinian ages. ref http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action displayInterval&interval no 291 Paleo Database Vallesian ref The Vallesian was a crucial period for the evolution of the European terrestrial fauna. During the Middle Miocene, the highly diversified mammalian fauna of the European forests were replaced by the faunas of the Late Miocene, adapted to a dry climate and to an open terrain. The beginning of the period is marked by the appearance and dispersal of the early horse Hipparion throughout Eurasia. The so called Vallesian Crisis resulted in the extinction of several mammalian taxa characteristic of the Middle Miocene. The end of the Vallesian, and the beginning of the Turolian, brought the extinction in the west of faunas dominated by the bovid s and Giraffidae giraffids characteristic of the so called sub Paratethys Paratethyan or Greek Iranian province. ref cite web last Casanovas i Vilar first Isaac title The rodent assemblages from the Late Aragonian and the Vallesian Middle to Late Miocene of the Vall s Pened s Basin Catalonia, Spain publisher University of Barcelona year 2007 page 189 url http www.tdx.cat bitstream handle 10803 3443 icv1de1.pdf?sequence 1 ref References reflist geochronology stub Neogene Footer Category Pliocene de Vallesium fr Vall sien ... more details
Orphan date July 2011 Taxobox name Khersonotherium image Khersonotherium.jpg image caption Khersonotherium restoration status fossil fossil range Miocene to Pliocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Artiodactyla familia Giraffidae genus Khersonotherium Khersonotherium is a genus of prehistoric giraffes . Its remains were found in Ukraine ref name paleomus cite book title Putivnyk po Paleontologichnomy Museyu Ukrainian author Krachmal nova et al. ref ref name paleomus2 cite book title Russian author LIV ref and in Africa . ref cite book title Fossil Giraffes from Miocene of Africa author W.R.Hamilton ref Etymology The first part of the generic name, Kherson refers to a city in Ukraine , where the first specimens were recovered. The second part, therium , comes from the Greek language Greek , which means beast . Distribution Most of Khersonotherium also called Chersonotherium are found in Ukraine . In Russia and Ukraine the fauna in which it lived is called hipparionova fauna the fauna in which Hipparion was a dominant species . The skeleton of Khersonotherium, found in Odessa, a city in Ukraine , is displayed in Kyiv Paleontological Museum. ref name paleomus2 Footnotes reflist External links http www.museumkiev.org paleontologyeng.html Site of Kiev Paleontological Museum Category Prehistoric mammals ... more details
horizon in the Alachua Formation of Florida. It was recombined as Hipparion ingenuum by Spencer 1895 ... terrestrial horizon in the Alachua Formation of Florida. It was recombined as Hipparion plicatile ... as Hipparion primigenium by Pesquero et al. 2006 it was recombined as Hippotherium primigenium ... more details
thumb Mesohippus File Hipparion3.jpg thumb Hipparion Image Equus przewalskii Le Villaret 02 2006 07 ... Genus Hipparion Genus Hippotherium Genus Nannippus Genus Neohipparion Genus Pseudhipparion ... more details
primarysources date June 2010 Monsters Resurrected is an American documentary television series that premiered on September 13, 2009, on the Discovery Channel . The program reconstructs extinct animals. It is also called Mega Beasts . Featured animals Creatures in bold are the featured animals of their episodes. valign top Acrocanthosaurus Amphicyon Canis edwardii Carcharodontosaurus Cretoxyrhina Daeodon Dallasaurus Deinonychus Diprotodon Dolichorhynchops Elasmosaurus in5 17 valign top Epicyon Megalania Merychippus Moropus Paluxysaurus Paralititan Procoptodon Ramoceros Rugops Sarcosuchus in5 17 valign top Sauropelta Smilodon Spinosaurus Tenontosaurus Thylacoleo Titanis Tylosaurus Xiphactinus Glossotherium Hipparion Episodes class wikitable style width 100 margin auto background FFF table layout fixed style width 3em No. Episode title Episode list EpisodeNumber 1 Title Terror Bird ShortSummary The terror bird Titanis was depicted as a mortal predator that competed with the smaller, but equally aggressive Smilodon , and Canis edwardii . The force and power of the neck muscles is shown by a rendering of the animal hunting a horse in the beginning of the episode. To kill it, it drives its beak into the vertebral column, severing the spinal cord. Another example of this power is shown when the creature kills a ground sloth, using the same method. At the end of the episode, the crew was discussing extinction in the terror bird, two million years ago, and their conclusion was it was out competed for food by Canis edwardii , as well as inability to adapt to climate change. Episode list EpisodeNumber 2 Title T rex Of The Deep ShortSummary In this episode, the mosasaur s are depicted as the main predators of the Cretaceous seas, competing with the Cretoxyrhina Ginsu sharks and Plesiosauria plesiosaurs , eventually driving the former to extinction. It is also shown competing with and killing other mosasaurs. Episode list EpisodeNumber 3 Title Biggest Killer Dino ShortSum ... more details
, a modern species of genus Erinaceus File Hipparion3.jpg thumb right depiction of Hipparion the equid ..., it might have been able to take the young or the injured. Hipparion was probably prime prey for Miomachairodus ... during dusk and at night to creep up on herds of Hipparion and capture one in the short struggle ... more details
. ref name cyber Merychippus radiated into at least 19 additional grassland species. Hipparion Image ... from the numerous varieties of Merychippus Hipparion , Protohippus and Pliohippus . The most different from Merychippus was Hipparion , mainly in the structure of tooth enamel in comparison with other ... preserved skeleton of the North American Hipparion shows an animal the size of a small pony. They were very slim, rather like antelope s, and were adapted to life on dry prairies. On its slim legs, Hipparion ... America, Hipparion and its relatives Cormohipparion , Nannippus , Neohipparion , and Pseudhipparion ... 1984 title Systematics and phylogeny of Hipparion, Neohipparion, Nannippus, and Cormohipparion Mammalia ... of Natural History volume 179 issue 1 pages 1 195 url http hdl.handle.net 2246 997 ref European Hipparion differs from American Hipparion in its smaller body size &ndash the best known discovery of these fossils ... more details
Infobox rockunit name Bahe Formation image caption type Geological formation age Tortonian prilithology otherlithology namedfor namedby region Shaanxi country China coordinates unitof subunits underlies Lantian Formation overlies Koujiacun Formation thickness generally over 300m extent area map map caption The Bahe Formation is a Late Miocene Tortonian Vallesian Bahean , about 11.6 9.0 mya unit mya formation stratigraphy formation in Shaanxi , China . Its coordinates are 33.5N and 109.5E. It has a complex lithology of predominantly orange yellow conglomerate geology conglomerate s, sandstone s, tan yellow sandy mudstone s, and tan red mudstones. . ref cite web last Paleobiology Database title Miomachairodus details url http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?a displayCollResults&taxon no 41063&max interval Miocene&country China&is real user 1&basic yes&type view&match subgenera 1 ref The main fossil locality is in the Jiulaopo region on the left bank of the Bahe River in Lantian. Vertebrate paleofauna Mammals class wikitable align center width 100 Genus Species Abundance Notes Acerorhinus A. sp. A Rhinoceros rhinocerid Chleuastochoerus C. stehlini Dicerorhinus D. ringstromi A rhinocerid. One member of this genus is still alive today Dicerorhinus sumatrensis , the Asiatic One Horned Rhinoceros Erinaceus E. sp. Of order Erinaceomorpha , the hedgehogs, four species from this genus are alive today. rowspan 2 Hipparion H. Hippotherium weihoense Relatively common in this region ref cite web last Chow first Minchen title T ertiary Mammal Faunas of the Lantian Region, Shaanxi Province url http itante.info 2011 76 tiffed vjpf ref rowspan 2 An early equid . Appeared very horse like, roughly the size of a pony, but still had three toes one large, central toe that carried most of its weight, and two vestigial toes, one on each side. The skull bears a Diastema dentistry diastema . H. chiai Relatively common in this region Miomachairodus M. pseudaeluroides rare an early machairodont , ... more details
In biology , dactyly is the arrangement of wikt digit digits finger s and toe s on the hand s, feet, or sometimes wing s of a tetrapod animal . It comes from the Greek language Greek word finger . Sometimes the ending dactylia is used. The derived adjectives end with dactyl or dactylous . As a normal feature In reptiles, the limbs are pentadactylous in condition. Tetradactyly Tetradactyly from Greek tetra four plus finger is the condition of having four digits on a limb, as in many amphibian s, bird s, and theropod dinosaur s. Some mammals also exhibit tetradactyly for example pigs and the hind limbs of dogs and cats . Cartoon characters are commonly drawn with four digits on each hand foot as it s clearer to see than five. Tridactyly Tridactyly from Greek tri three plus finger is the condition of having three digits on a limb, as in the Rhinoceros and ancestors of the horse such as Protohippus and Hipparion . These all belong to the Perissodactyla . Some birds also have three toes, including emus , bustards , and quail . Didactyly Didactyly from Greek di two plus finger or bidactyly is the condition of having two digits on each limb, as in the Hypertragulidae and Two toed Sloth , Choloepus didactylus . In humans this name is used for an abnormality in which the middle digits are missing, leaving only the thumb and fifth finger, or big and little toes. Cloven hoofed mammals such as deer, sheep and cattle Artiodactyla have only two digits, as do ostriches . Monodactyly Monodactyly from Greek monos one plus finger is the condition of having a single digit on a limb, as in modern horse s. These belong to the Perissodactyla . As a congenital defect Syndactyly Image Celldeath.jpg thumb Human foot with partial simple syndactyly. Main Syndactyly Syndactyly from Greek together plus finger is a condition where two or more digits are fused together. It occurs normally in some mammal s, such as the siamang and most dipr ... more details
The list of extinct animals in Africa features the animals that have become extinct on the Africa African continent and its islands, like Madagascar , Mauritius , Rodrigues , R union , Seychelles , Saint Helena , Cape Verde , etc. Pleistocene Extinctions Anancus Deinotherium African Deinotherium Deinotherium bozai Damaliscus niro Giant blesbok Dinofelis Elephas recki Equus capensis Giraffa jumae Hipparion Three toed horse Hippopotamus gorgops Homo erectus Homo habilis Homotherium Scimitar toothed cat Mammuthus Mammoth Megalotragus Giant hartebeest Megantereon Sabre toothed cat Metaxytherium Metridiochoerus Giant Warthog Paracamelus Paranthropus boisei Pelorovis Giant horned buffalo 4 sp. Sivatherium African Sivatherium Theropithecus oswaldi Giant Gelada Xenocyon lycaonoides African wolf Global Holocene Extinctions Mammals Image Quagga photo.jpg right thumb 250px Quagga from London UK , Regent s Park ZOO, 1870 Antidorcas australis ca 7000 Before Present BP , Cape province, South Africa Antidorcas bondi ca 7000 BP, Cape province, South Africa Atlas Bear , Ursus arctos crowtheri 1844, North Africa Atlas Wild Ass Equus africanus atlanticus , also known as Algerian Wild Ass. 300, North Africa Bluebuck or Blue Antelope, Hippotragus leucophaeus 1799, South Africa Bubal Hartebeest , Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus 1923, North Africa Canariomys Canary Islands giant rats , Canariomys tamarani and C. bravoi Canary Islands Cape Serval , Leptailurus serval serval South Africa Cape Warthog , Phacochoerus aethiopicus aethiopicus 1900, South Africa Ethiopian Amphibious Rat , Nilopegamys plumbeus Ethiopia possible extinct, only known by holotype found in 1927 Ethiopian Hyena , Hyaena crocuta hybridus Ethiopia Giant aye aye , Daubentonia robusta Madagascar Giant Fossa , Cryptoprocta spelea Madagascar Hipposideros besaoka Madagascar Koala lemur s, three species in the genus Megaladapis 1500, Madagascar Lava Mouse , Malpaisomys insularis Canary Islands Lesser Mascarene Flying Fox , Pt ... more details
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