Portal Ancient Near East TOCright The corpus of texts written in the Hittite language is indexed by the Catalogue des Textes Hittites CTH, since 1971 . ref cite book title Catalogue des textes hittites first Emmanuel last Laroche authorlink Emmanuel Laroche location Paris year 1971 series tudes et commentaires ... journal Revue hittite et asianique volume XXX year 1972 pages 94 133 ref The catalogue is only a classification of texts it does not give the texts. One traditionally cites texts by their numbers in CTH. One major source for studies of selected texts themselves are the books of the StBoT series. CTH Numbering scheme The texts are classified as follows anchor historical Historical Texts CTH 1 220 Administrative Texts CTH 221 290 anchor legal Legal Texts CTH 291 298 Lexical Texts CTH 299 309 Literary Texts CTH 310 320 anchor mythological Mythological Texts CTH 321 370 Hymns and Prayers CTH 371 389 anchor cult Ritual Texts CTH 390 500 Cult Inventory Texts CTH 501 530 Omen and Oracle Texts CTH 531 582 Vows CTH 583 590 Festival Texts CTH 591 724 Texts in Other Languages CTH 725 830 Texts of Unknown Type CTH 831 833 Selected texts Some Wikipedia articles dedicated to specific Hittitetexts follow. More are to be found as sections of other articles. Old Kingdom Anitta text Hittite military oath Hittite laws Illuyanka Myth of Illuyanka New Kingdom Kikkuli s horse training instructions Manapa Tarhunda letter Milawata letter Song of Kumarbi Story of Appu Tawagalawa letter Zita Hittite prince Notes references References Gary M. Beckman, Harry A. Hoffner, Hittite diplomatic texts , volume 7 ... for some databases. Other databases under construction. cite web title Index of Texts url http www.hittites.info indexList.aspx date 2000 publisher Hittites.info language English Selection of HittiteTexts in Translation. DEFAULTSORT HittiteTexts Category Hittitetexts de Catalogue des Textes ... first Silvin last Ko ak title Konkordanz der hethitisches Keilschrifttafeln Hittite text concordance ... more details
Hittite may refer to Hittites , ancient Anatolian people Hittite language , ancient Indo European language History of the Hittites Hittite mythology Neo Hittite states, Iron Age successors to the Hittite people located in modern Turkey and Syria Biblical Hittites , also known as the Children of Heth Hittite Microwave Corporation , a company active in high frequency electronic components to 110 GHz . disambig bg fr Hittite id Hittite pt Hitita ... more details
also Portal box Law Ancient Near East Hittitetexts Code of Hammurabi Code of the Nesilim List of ancient ... York, K ln 1997 References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Hittite Laws Category Hittitetexts Laws Category ...The Hittite laws have been preserved on a number of Hittite language Hittite cuneiform script cuneiform tablets found at Hattusa Catalogue des Textes Hittites CTH 291 292, listing 200 laws . Copies have been found written in Old Hittite as well as in Middle and Late Hittite, indicating that they had validity throughout the duration of the Hittite Empire ca. 1650 1100 BCE . The corpus The laws are formulated as case laws they start with a condition, and a ruling follows, e.g. If anyone tears off the ear of a male or female slave, he shall pay 3 shekels of silver . The laws show an aversion to the death penalty, the usual penalty for serious offenses being enslavement to forced labour. They are preserved on two separate tablets, each with approximately 200 clauses, the first categorised as being of a man the second of a vine a third set may have existed. The laws may be categorised into eight groups of similar clauses. These are separated for the most part by two types of seemingly orphaned clauses Sacral or incantatory clauses, and afterthoughts. These eight main groups of laws were I Aggression and assault Clauses 1 24 II Marital relationships Clauses 26 38 III Obligations and service TUKUL Clauses 39 56 IV Assaults on property and theft Clauses 57 144 V Contracts and prices Clauses 145 161 VI Sacral matters Clauses 162 173 VII Contracts and tariffs Clauses 176 186 VIII Sexual relationships ... Exodus 22 19 ref The death penalty was a common punishment among sexual crimes. The Hittite laws ... a citation Like the Code of Hammurabi , the Hittite laws resemble many of the laws found in the earlier than other parts of the Bible later than the Hittite laws parts of the Bible . This corpus and the classification ... changes to penalties in the already modified Old Hittite version. Modern editions The laws were first ... more details
Image Hittite Kingdom.png thumb 280px The Hittite Empire at its greatest extent under Suppiluliuma I c.1350 1322 and Mursili II c.1321 1295 showing cities and towns. Portal Ancient Near East The geography of the Hittite Empire is known from Hittitetexts on one hand, and from archaeological excavation on the other. Matching philology to archaeology is a difficult task, and only a handful of sites are identified with their ancient name with certainty. The Hittites Hittite kingdom was centered around the lands surrounding Hattusa and Ne a , known as the land of the Hattians Hatti sup URU sup Ha at ti . After Hattusa was made capital, the area encompassed by the bend of the Halys River which they called the Marassantiya was considered the core of the empire, and some Hittite laws make a distinction between this side of the river and that side of the river , for example, the reward for the capture of a runaway slave after he managed to flee beyond the Halys is higher than that for a slave caught before he could reach the river. To the south of the core territory was the land of Kizzuwatna in the area of the Taurus Mountains . To the west, the confederacy of Arzawa . To the north, the mountain people of the Kaskians . To the east, the Mitanni . After the incorporation or association of Arzawa and Mitanni under Suppiluliuma I , the Hittite sphere of influence under Mursili II bordered on the Hayasa Azzi to the east, on the Ahhiyawa and the newly forming Assuwa league to the west, on Ancient Egypt Egypt controlled Canaan to the south, and on Assyria to the south east. List of Hittite ... Zile Zincirli References John Garstang Garstang & Oliver Gurney Gurney , Geography of the Hittite Empire 1959 External links http hittites.info map.aspx DisplayMap Map of the Hittite Empire http www.ancientanatolia.com map02.htm Map of the Hittite Sites http www.hittitemonuments.com Hittite sites with monuments DEFAULTSORT Hittite Sites Category Hittite sites in Turkey Category Hittites ... more details
s is appended. Corpus Main Hittitetexts See also portalbox Languages Ancient Near East Johannes ..., with Sumerian ideograms and Accadian words common in Hittitetexts . Language , Vol. 7, No. 2, pp ... texts Goetze, Albrecht & Edgar H. Sturtevant 1938 . The Hittite Ritual of Tunnawi . New Haven ...Infobox language name Hittite nativename cuneiform 6 transl hit ne ili familycolor Indo European region Anatolia extinct records cease Collapse of the Hittite Empire after 1200 BC , extinction likely by 1100 BC fam2 Anatolian languages Anatolian iso2 hit iso3 hit notice IPA SpecialChars Hittite natively ... Minor . The language is attested in Hittite cuneiform cuneiform , in records from the 16th Anitta text down to the 13th century BC, with isolated Hittite loanwords and numerous personal names appearing ... in the Late Bronze Age, Hittite was losing ground in competition with its close relative Luwian language Luwian . It appears that in the 13th century BC Luwian was the most widely spoken language in the Hittite capital Hattusa . ref Yakubovich 2010, p. 307 ref After the collapse of the Hittite Empire ... language of the so called Neo Hittite states in southwestern Anatolia and northern Syria . Hittite ... known of the subfamily of Anatolian languages . Name Hittite is a modern name, chosen after the identification of the Hatti kingdom with the Hittites mentioned in the Hebrew Bible . In multi lingual texts found in Hittite locations, passages written in the Hittite language are preceded by the adverb .... In one case, the label is Kanisumnili , in the speech of the people of Kane . Although the Hittite empire was composed of people from many diverse ethnic and linguistic backgrounds, the Hittite language was used in most of their secular written texts. In spite of various arguments over the appropriateness of the term, Hittite remains the most current term by convention, although some authors ... claim as to the affiliation of the Hittite language was made by J rgen Alexander Knudtzon ... more details
Mouton de Gruyter, 35&ndash 62. Sturtevant, Edgar H. 1931 . Hittite glossary words of known or conjectured meaning, with Sumerian ideograms and Accadian words common in Hittitetexts . Language , Vol ...Hypothetical Indo European subfamilies In Indo European linguistics , the term Indo Hittite also Indo ... to the Indo Aryan languages Indo Aryan branch in particular, but is iconic for Indo European , and the Hittite part refers to the Anatolian language family as a whole. Proponents of the Indo Hittite ... would be called Proto Indo Hittite , and the proto language of the remaining branches, before the next ... in Anatolia. In favor of the Indo Hittite hypothesis are the very Indo European agricultural terminology ... parent language that has only been attested in Hittite language Hittite and of which only traces .... ref Britannica 15th edition, 22 p. 594, Indo Hittite hypothesis ref From the point of view of phylogenetics, the Indo Hittite hypothesis is strongly corroborated by the lack of any Indo European innovations ... against Indo Hittite, discarding the value of this evidence does not automatically favour the concept of Indo Hittite, since even a moderate Indo Hittite split around 4000 BC would clearly predate ... is formally superimposable on the Hittite i verb subsystem, but there is no match up functionally, such that as has been held the functional source must have been unlike both Hittite and Indo ... in Hittite, the argument being that the coalescence of these particles into the familiar Indo European paradigm was an innovation of that branch of Proto Indo Hittite. Footnotes reflist References ... The Development of the Stops in Hittite journal Journal of the American Oriental Society volume 52 ... Society, Vol. 52, No. 1 Sturtevant, Edgar H. A. 1933, 1951 . Comparative Grammar of the Hittite .... A. 1942 . The Indo Hittite laryngeals . Baltimore Linguistic Society of America. cite journal author Sturtevant, Edgar H. title Evidence for voicing in Hittite g journal Language volume 16 pages 81 87 ... more details
of the Luwian Language . Leiden Brill. Text editions See Hittitetexts Goetze, Albrecht & Edgar H. Sturtevant 1938 . The Hittite Ritual of Tunnawi . New Haven American Oriental Society. Sturtevant, Edgar H. A., & George Bechtel 1935 . A Hittite Chrestomathy . Baltimore Linguistic Society of America ...The grammar of the Hittite language has a highly conservative verbal system and rich Nominal linguistics nominal declension . The language is attested in Hittite cuneiform cuneiform , and is one of the earliest ... The Hittite nominal system consists of the following cases nominative, accusative, dative locative ... Greek and Sanskrit, the verb system in Hittite is relatively morphologically uncomplicated ... isbn 0 19 924010 8 cite book author Bryce, Trevor title Life and Society in the Hittite World location ..., Edgar H. 1931 . Hittite glossary words of known or conjectured meaning, with Sumerian ideograms and Accadian words common in Hittitetexts . Language , Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 3 82., Language Monograph No. 9. Puhvel, Jaan 1984 . Hittite Etymological Dictionary . Berlin Mouton. Grammar cite book author Hoffner, Harry A. & Melchert, H. Craig title A Grammar of the Hittite Language location Winona ... publisher Hinrichs cite book author Jasanoff, Jay H. authorlink Jay Jasanoff title Hittite and the Indo ... 9 cite book author Luraghi, Silvia title Hittite location Munich publisher Lincom Europa year 1997 ... The Hittite hi mi conjugations location Innsbruck year 2006 isbn 3851247043 publisher Institut f r ... Grammar of the Hittite Language . Rev. ed. New Haven Yale University Press, 1951. First edition 1933. Sturtevant, Edgar H. A. 1940 . The Indo Hittite laryngeals . Baltimore Linguistic Society of America. cite journal author Watkins, Calvert title Hittite journal The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World ... of the Stops in Hittite journal Journal of the American Oriental Society volume 52 pages 1 ... author Sturtevant, Edgar H. title Evidence for voicing in Hittite g journal Language volume 16 pages ... more details
Image HittiteSeatedDeityAnatolia13thCenturyBCE.jpg thumb 220px Seated deity, late Hittite Empire 13th century BC Most of the narratives embodying Hittite mythology are lost, and the elements that would give a balanced view of Hittite religion are lacking among the tablets recovered at the Hittite capital Hattusa and other Hittite sites there are no canonical scriptures, no theological disquisitions ... religion cultic administration , reports of diviners, make up the main body of surviving texts. ref J. G. Macqueen, Hattian Mythology and Hittite Monarchy , Anatolian Studies 1959 . ref The understanding of Hittite mythology depends on readings of surviving stone carvings, deciphering of the iconology ... . ref R.Lebrun, Le zoomorphisme dans la religion hittite, L Animal, l homme, le dieu dans le Proche ... serpent Vrtra in Indo Aryan mythology. His consort is the indigenous Hittite empire Hatti ... Hittite Old Kingdom period blockquote The gods, the Sun God and the Storm God, have entrusted to me ... of Hittite religion Schweich Lectures, 1976 1977 4 23. ref This multiplicity has been ascribed to a Hittite resistance to Syncretism syncretization many Hittite towns maintained individual storm gods ... localization within the Hittite empire not easily reconstructed. For example, the Bronze Age ... of the oath lists of divine witnesses to treaties seem to represent the Hittite pantheon most clearly ...&pg PA28&dq arinna hittite city located&cd 1 ref In the 13th century some explicit gestures toward syncretism ... escapes. ref The Ancient Near East, J.B.Pickard, p 88 ref Hittite deities div style column count ... minor moon god Aruna Hittite mythology Aruna , god of the sea and son of Kamrusepa Aserdus goddess ... and protector of oaths Halki Hittite god Halki god of grain Hannahannah mother goddess Hanwasuit goddess ... Reflist 2 See also Portal box Mythology Ancient Near East Category Hittite deities Hittite military oath DEFAULTSORT Hittite Mythology Category Hittite mythology MEast myth stub ca Religi hittita ... more details
SpecialChars portalbox Language Ancient Near East Hittite cuneiform is the implementation of cuneiform script used in writing the Hittite language . The surviving corpus of Hittitetexts is preserved in cuneiform on clay tablets dates to the 2nd millennium BC roughly spanning the 17th to 12th centuries . Hittite orthography was directly adapted from Old Assyrian cuneiform. The HZL of R ster and Neu lists 375 cuneiform signs used in Hittite documents 11 of them only appearing in Hurrian and Hattic language Hattic glosses , compared to some 600 signs in use in Old Assyrian. About half of the signs have syllabic values, the remaining are used as ideograms or logogram s to represent the entire word much as the characters , and & are used in contemporary English. Cuneiform signs can be employed in three functions syllabogram s, Akkadograms or Sumerogram s. Syllabograms are characters that represent a syllable . Akkadograms and Sumerograms are ideogram s originally from the earlier Akkadian or Sumerian orthography respectively, but not intended to be pronounced as in the original language Sumerograms are mostly ideograms and Determinative determiners . Conventionally, syllabograms are transcribed in italic lowercase Akkadograms in italic uppercase Sumerograms in roman uppercase. Thus, the sign GI can be used and transcribed in three ways, as the Hittite syllable gi also ge in the Akkadian spelling Q RU UB of the preposition near as Q , and as the Sumerian ideogram GI for tube also in superscript, sup GI sup , when used as a determiner. Syllabary The syllabary consists of single ... to express the voiced unvoiced contrast in Hittite they are used somewhat interchangeably in some ... intended to be pronounced in Hittite. m, I 1 , DI , male personal names DIDLI suffixed ... R. Hart, Some Observations on Plene Writing in Hittite , Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African ... Unicode cuneiform for Hittite GFDL , branched off FreeSerif Category Cuneiform Category Hittite language ... more details
File Uriahbyrembrandt.jpg thumb right 200px Depiction of Uriah by Rembrandt . Uriah the Hittite Hebrew was a soldier in King David s army mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. He was the husband of Bathsheba , and was murdered by order of David by having the soldiers retreat from him in battle. Uriah s wife was pregnant by King David through an adulterous affair. Although under David s order to return home and see his wife, Uriah repeatedly refused to leave his post or leave the King s presence to see her. Contact between the couple could have hidden the adulterous nature of her pregnancy by David ... of the ethnic Biblical Hittites Hittite minority resident in Land of Israel Israel that had lived ... of the Lord by doing what is evil in His eyes? You struck down Uriah the Hittite with the sword ... will never depart from your house, because you despised Me and took the wife of Uriah the Hittite ... seven days. David and Bathsheba later had a second son, the future King Solomon . Texts mentioning Uriah the Hittite bibleverse 2 Samuel 23 8 23 39 HE These be the names of the mighty men whom David had ... 39 Uriah the Hittite thirty and seven in all. bibleverse 1 Chronicles 11 10 11 41 HE These also ... Uriah the Hittite , Zabad the son of Ahlai, bibleverse 2 Samuel 11 3 11 4 HE And David sent and inquired ... the Hittite ? 4 And David sent messengers, and took her and she came in unto him, and he lay with her for she was purified from her uncleanness and she returned unto her house. Uriah the Hittite ... despised the commandment of the LORD, to do evil in his sight? thou hast killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword ... me, and hast taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be thy wife. bibleverse 1 Kings 15 5 HE Because ... commanded him all the days of his life, save only in the matter of Uriah the Hittite . bibleverse ... . References Reflist Category 11th century BC people Category 10th century BC people Category Hittite ... Books of Samuel ca Uries l hitita da Uriaspost de Urija es Ur as el hitita fr Urie le Hittite id Uria ... more details
Image Coffin of Gua.jpg thumb Middle Kingdom sarcophagus with the Coffin Texts painted on its panels The Coffin Texts are a collection of ancient Egypt ian funerary Spell paranormal spells written on coffins beginning in the First Intermediate Period . The texts are derived in part from the earlier pyramid texts , reserved for royal use only, but they contain substantial new material related to everyday desires that reflects the fact that the texts were now used by the common people. Ordinary Egyptians who could afford to have a coffin had access to these funerary spells and the pharaoh no longer had exclusive rights to the afterlife. ref name Lichtheim cite book last Lichtheim first Miriam title ... San Francisco year 1994 ref As the modern name of this collection of some 1,185 spells implies, the texts ... of the Dead . ref name BOD Content In contrast to the Pyramid Texts which focus on the celestial realm , the coffin texts emphasize the subterranean elements of the afterlife ruled by Osiris , in a place ... beings, traps, and snares with which the deceased must contend. The spells in the Coffin Texts allow ... in the coffin texts is the notion that all people will be Judgement afterlife judged by Osiris and his council according to their deeds in life. The texts allude to the use of a Weighing of the Heart balance , which became the pivotal moment of judgment in the later Book of the Dead . The texts ... of Osiris. ref name BOD See also Pyramid Texts Book of the Dead The Book of the Dead Opening of the mouth ceremony References reflist Raymond O. Faulkner , The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts ..., ISBN 0 8014 8515 0 External links http aldokkan.com pyramid text coffin text.htm Coffin Texts http texts.00.gs Coffin Texts, 1.htm The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts , Part I http texts.00.gs Coffin Texts, 2.htm The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts , Part II http texts.00.gs Coffin Texts, 3.htm The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts , Part III Category Ancient Egyptian funerary texts Category Occult texts ... more details
Image Hieroglyph Text from Teti I pyramid.jpg thumb Pyramid texts from Teti I s pyramid. The Pyramid Texts are a collection of ancient Egypt ian religious text s from the time of the Old Kingdom . The pyramid texts are possibly the oldest known religious texts in the world. ref Richard H. Wilkinson, The Complete ... Egyptian , the pyramid texts were carved on the walls and sarcophagus sarcophagi of the pyramids ... Kingdom . The oldest of the texts have been dated to between ca. 2400 2300 BC. ref cite book url http books.google.com books?id 6VBJeCoDdTUC&pg PA1&dq 2353 2323 22pyramid texts 22&ei FW BSL rCpTyiwGJrcG8DQ ... Egyptian Pyramid Texts ref Unlike the Coffin Texts and Book of the Dead into which parts of the pyramid texts later evolved, the pyramid texts were reserved only for the pharaoh and were not illustrated ... 6 ref Following the earlier Palermo Stone , the pyramid texts mark the next oldest known mention of Osiris ... The spells, or utterances , of the pyramid texts are primarily concerned with protecting the pharaoh ... 2000 isbn 0 521 77483 7 ref Versions The texts were first discovered in 1881 by Gaston Maspero , and translations ... the Pyramid of Unas Pyramid of Unas , the last king of the 5th Dynasty. Other texts were discovered ... Heinrich Sethe Kurt Sethe s first edition of the pyramid texts contained 714 distinct spells after ... done for you by Geb, your father, Rise up, O Teti, you shall not die The texts then describe several ... of ritual texts that make up the Pyramid Texts of the Old Kingdom period. Appearing first ... full of magic From the Isle of Flame... The cannibal hymn later reappeared in the Coffin Texts ... doors of the horizon is a quotation from the Pyramid Texts. More specifically, it seems to come from ... Nile made a song, Unas Slayer of the Gods which contains many references to the Pyramid Texts, including the Cannibal Hymn. See also Coffin Texts Book of the Dead The Book of the Dead Opening of the mouth ceremony References Reflist Notes refbegin Raymond O. Faulkner, The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts ... more details
In Chinese language Chinese philology, the Old Texts zh c p G w n J ng w Kuwen Ching refer to some ... of the books , as opposed to the Modern Texts or New Texts in the new orthography. The last ... they were called old texts . These newly discovered editions had an effect on later Confucianism. Terminology New Texts Confucian classics that were reconstructed from surviving copies, scraps ... of Rites are New Texts. Old Texts These alternate versions of the classics were found after the New Texts were compiled. Some came from the Confucian family manor while others were found in the imperial ... Texts. Forged Old Texts This only concerns the Classic of History . During the Jin Dynasty 265 420 , M i ... Old Texts. Suspicions emerged during the Song dynasty but it was not proven until Yan Ruoju circulated ... Yan. Huangfu Mi or Wang Su are suspected as the forger. Received Texts The version that has been ..., a new controversy had begun between these two texts. The new texts are those that had been transliterated ... or from texts that had survived the Qin Dynasty s burning of the books or were rescued by the Han ... got hold of surviving copies and transliterated them into the new orthography. The old texts were ... texts because they were written in the pre Qin writing. The discoverers of the old texts , such as Liu Xin , claimed that all existing texts suffered from an interrupted pedigree, which was rectified by the newly discovered texts. New text followers claim the old texts are forgeries that lack a line ... traditions, and in this respect the newly discovered texts were no different from those used as the basis for the new text transcriptions soon after the fall of Qin Dynasty . The new texts portray ... , believed the texts were sacred and carried hidden clues to the future that they tried to decode ... or losing the Mandate of Heaven. The old texts had a peculiarly archaist bent. They emphasized the sage ... Mang, had favored New Text. When Wang seized power, he declared the Old Texts to be the state orthodoxy ... more details
18 ref and Bible studies. The first group of Execration Texts were published by Kurt Sethe in 1926, known as the Berlin texts. Georges Posener published a second group of texts in 1957, known as the Brussels texts. ref name Wright1961 Cite book author George Ernest Wright title The Bible and the ancient ... Amit editor2 Nadav Na aman last Ben Tor first Amnon title Do the Execration Texts reflect an accurate ... and Phoenicia , and over 30 rulers of the period. These texts contain what is possibly the first ... group of texts are inscribed on figurines of bound prisoners discovered in Saqqara . This group ... . An additional group of texts, the Mirgissa texts, was published by Yvan Koenig in 1990. See also ... Texts Use dmy dates date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Execration Texts Category Ancient Egyptian literature ... more details
Page, Nantoy s Collection, Japan Buddhist texts can be categorized in a number of ways. The Western ... and other canonical texts , while another ref Bechert & Gombrich, World of Buddhism , Thames ... of the Buddha and other texts. Buddhavacana Traditional criteria According to Donald Lopez, criteria ... Sutra. 1998. p. 29 ref ref Skilton, Andrew. A Concise History of Buddhism. 2004. p. 83 ref These texts ... older than this. If some of the material is so old, it might be possible to establish what texts go ... Sometimes texts that are considered commentaries by some are regarded by others as Buddhavacana. ref ... Sambhoghakaya , and the Vajrayana texts to the Buddha as Dharmakaya . In Tibetan Buddhism In Tibetan .... The division of texts into the traditional three yana Buddhism yana s may obscure the process ..., there are so called proto Mahayana texts, such as the Ajitasena Sutra , which are missing key features that are associated with Mahayana texts. Some Pali texts also contain ideas that later ... , Lancaster, 1997, pages 93f ref Some Mahayana texts are also thought to display a distinctly Tantra ... to neighbouring yanas at least nine Sravakayana Hinayana texts can be found in the tantra divisions ... Nikaya of the Pali Canon . Some Buddhist texts evolved to become a virtual canon in themselves, and are referred ... circulate as separate texts. The Avatamsaka Sutra and the White Lotus Sutra are associated with the idea of the yana Buddhism The one yana Ekayana or One Vehicle. The texts claim to unify all the teachings ... was made, consisting of the Gandh ran Buddhist Texts earliest known Buddhist manuscripts , recovered ... Project publisher www.ebmp.org date accessdate 13 April 2008 ref Other texts have been important ... . Important examples of non canonical texts are the Visuddhimagga , or Path of Purification , by Buddhaghosa ... been influential in both Mahayana and Vajrayana, and his Shikshasamucaya contains references to texts ... it is one of a very few texts not thought to be spoken by the Buddha that has the label ... more details
texts. Berlin Codex , 5th century, contains a fragmentary Gospel of Mary , out of nineteen pages ... a large number of texts for a complete list see Nag Hammadi library Complete list of codices found ... from earlychristianwritings.com DEFAULTSORT Gnostic Texts Category Gnostic apocrypha Category ... more details
category are considered sacred texts or scripture by many followers of Hindu religion. The post Vedic ... literature 2003 in Philip s Encyclopedia. Accessed 2007 08 09 ref and the oldest sacred texts ... and rituals. The Brahmana IAST Br hma as style texts, commenting on the procedure and purpose ... contain early philosophical and metaphysical texts about the nature of macrocosm the gods and the universe ... texts counted as Upanishads however, only 13 are generally accepted as primary. The Upanishads have ... Brihadaranayaka. Post Vedic Hindu scriptures The new texts that appeared afterwards were called Smriti ... Vedic texts such as the Dharmasutras, are traditionally considered as part of the Smrti. From time ... of Thiruk Kurugoor. Other Hindu texts Other famous texts of Hinduism include those of the bhakti ... Hindu Epics List of Hindu scriptures List of historic Indian texts List of sutras Sanskrit literature Timeline of Hindu texts Yoga Vasistha div col end References Reflist Further reading Kapoor, Dr ... Sacred Texts Hinduism http claysanskritlibrary.org Clay Sanskrit Library publishes Sanskrit literature ... GRETIL G ttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages , a cumulative register of the numerous download sites for electronic texts in Indian languages. http www.granthamandira.com ... www.jaitridev.com hindu bhajans.php Hindu Bhajans Hindu Spiritual Music DEFAULTSORT Hindu Texts Category Hindu texts ar es Textos del hinduismo ga Scriopt ir Hionduach ko id Sastra ... more details
Books and Resources http www.fonsvitae.com MG1.html Fons Vitae Translations of classic Sufi texts http ... www.its.org.uk alghazali.html Islamic Texts Society al Ghazali Series Publisher of many translated ... more details
Notability date November 2008 The Secret Texts , is a fantasy book series by Holly Lisle . Books in this series are Diplomacy of Wolves 1998 , Vengeance of Dragons 1999 , and Courage of Falcons 2000 . Vincalis the Agitator 2002 is a prequel to this series. Works in the series Diplomacy of Wolves infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Diplomacy of Wolves title orig translator image image caption author Holly Lisle illustrator cover artist Fred Gambino country United States , United Kingdom language English language English series The Secret Texts genre Fantasy publisher Aspect, Millennium Fantasy release date 1998 1999 for UK edition media type Print Hardcover Hardback & Paperback pages isbn ISBN 0 446 60746 0, ISBN 1 85793 872 8 oclc 42652429 preceded by none followed by Vengeance of Dragons The story introduces the main protagonist, Kait Galweigh, who is a diplomat in training for House Galweigh. Kait is a shape shifter, and her alternate form, known as Karnee is a wolf. At her first diplomatic mission, Kait discovers that House Sabir, the mortal enemies of the Galweighs, plan a strike against House Galweigh using their magicians, known as wolves. Galweigh s wolves, however, warned of the Sabir attack, prepare defense. The magic causes a backlash, known as rehwah, and it scars or kills wolves in both Houses. The Sabirs, meanwhile, had gathered outside House Galweigh, and once the attacks began, they stormed the house, killing all within. Kait is absent when the attack happens, but is in her Karnee form, which she has to change over to now and again lest it overwhelm her. She returns to Galweigh House to find it filled with the dead ... language English series The Secret Texts genre Fantasy publisher Aspect, Millennium Fantasy release ... States , United Kingdom language English language English series The Secret Texts genre Fantasy publisher ... world to start new lives. Category Fantasy novel series Secret Texts, The ... more details
Image Hittite Chariot.jpg thumb left 200px Hittite chariot, from an Egyptian relief Portal box Ancient Near East Military history The Hittite military oath Hittitetexts CTH 427 is a Hittite language Hittite text on two Cuneiform script cuneiform tablets. The first tablet is only preserved in fragments KBo XXI 10, KUB XL 13, and minor fragments , the second tablet survives in three copies, and can be restituted almost completely. The oldest copy KUB XL 13 is fragmentary, but two younger copies KUB XL 16, KBo VI 34 are well preserved. The text is in Old Hittite, with some scribal errors of the later copyists, and prescribes the oath to be taken by military commanders. More precisely, it describes a series of symbolic actions intended to represent the afflictions that should befall the oath takers should they break their word. On one occasion, for example, women s clothing, a spindle textiles spindle and an arrow is brought before those swearing their allegiance. The arrow is broken, and they are told that should they break their oath, their weapons should likewise be broken, and they should be made women and given women s tasks. Then, a blind and deaf woman is brought before them, and they are told that if they break their word, they will be made blind and deaf women like this one. Then, a figurine of a person suffering from ascites is brought before them, and they are told that should they break their word, their bellies should swell with water, and the deities of the oath should ... Sumerian spelling NI DINGIR representing Hittite lengai are identified with the goddess of treaties ... should they break it. In comparison to the older oath the younger text shows that the Hittite pantheon ... der Hethiter StBoT 22 1976 . ISBN 3 447 01711 2. DEFAULTSORT Hittite Military Oath Category Military oaths Category Military history of the Hittite Empire Category Hittitetexts fr Serment militaire hittite hu Hettita katonai esk nl Hettitische militaire eed ... more details
Infobox Norse deity Name Halki God of God of barley World Halki barley is a god in the Hittites Hittite pantheon. He is a deity of grain, who may also have been invoked by beer makers. See also Portal Mythology Ancient Near East Hittite mythology Category Barley Category Hittite deities MEast myth stub ... more details
otheruses Zita disambiguation Zita , was a Hittites Hittite prince, and probably the brother of Suppiluliuma I , uppiluliuma of the letters , in the 382&ndash letter Text corpus correspondence called the Amarna letters . The letters were mostly sent to the pharaoh of Ancient Egypt Egypt from 1350 BC 1350 1335 BC , but other internal letters, vassal state letters, and Epic poetry epic s, also word texts, are part of the letter corpus. Zita s letter to the Egyptian pharaoh is addressed to someone at the Egyptian court. Zita s letter to Egypt EA 44, title From a Hittite prince In the Amarna letters, Zita is only referenced in EA 44, his own letter, EA el Amarna EA is for el Amarna . The topic of Zita s letter is his desire for gold, and his sending of a greeting gift as his payment, for a return greeting gift of gold. Tablet letter EA 44 Say to the lord, the king of Egypt named Mizraim Mizri , my father Thus Zi t a , the king s son, your son. May all go well with the lord, my father. On an earlier Diplomatic mission embassy visit of any of your Courier messengers , they came to Hittite Empire Hatti , and when they went back to you , then it was I&ndash that sent greetings to you and had a Gift present brought to you. ... ... Herewith I send on to you your messengers coming from Hatti, and I also send to my father my own messengers&ndash along with your messengers, and I send as your Greeting gift ulm n greeting gift a present of 16 men. I myself am desirous of gold. M y father, send me gold. Whatever you, the lord, my father, are desirous of, write me so I can send it to you. EA 44, lines 1 29 lines 14 17 are missing a Lacuna manuscripts lacuna See also Portal box Ancient Egypt Ancient Near East Suppiluliuma I Greeting gift ulm n Amarna letters References William L. Moran Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. softcover, ISBN ... Category Amarna letters authors Category Hittite people Category 14th century BC people AncientNearEast ... more details
2006.jpg thumb The Hittite version of the Kadesh peace agreement, which is the oldest surviving international treaty The Egyptian Hittite peace treaty was a peace treaty concluded between Ancient Egypt Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II and Hittites Hittite King Hattusili III which was, according to most ... of a silver tablet, upon which the treaty terms were inscribed, from the Hittite diplomats. The purpose ... Hittite Empire Hatti and Egypt lasted many years until the eventual treaty of alliance was signed. ref ..., and in the former Hittite empire present day Turkey where it was preserved on baked clay tablets. Archaeological excavations at the site of the Hittite royal palace uncovered the treaty ... Press, 1906 page 173 ref A complete version of the Hittite text is currently housed within Istanbul ... orient museum ref Background The treaty was signed to end a long war between the Hittite Empire ... until the Hittite Empire collapsed eighty years later. ref Burney, p. 233 ref Pre Ramesses II relationship with the Hittites Hittite Egyptian relations officially began once the Hatti took over Mitanni ... and eventual defeat of Mitanni, the Hittite armies poured into Syria and began to exert ... that they never would fully concede this loss at the hands of the Hittite empire . ref Murnane The Road ... gains start to be made. In his own Kadesh Amurru campaign against the Hittite armies Seti I vanquished ... of troops in the hopes of destroying the Hittite presence there and restoring Egypt to the preeminent position it had enjoyed under Tuthmosis III . ref Bryce The Kingdom of the Hittites 256 ref The Hittite ... hearing unreliable intelligence regarding the Hittite position from a pair of captured prisoners the pharaoh pitched camp across from the town. ref Kitchen 54 ref The Hittite armies, hidden behind .... Although Ramesses tried to rally his troops against the onslaught of the Hittite chariots it wasn t until the arrival of relief forces from Amurru that the Hittite attack was thrown back. ref Murnane ... more details
See also Aruna . Infobox Norse deity Parents Kamrusepa Name Aruna God of Sea god World the sea Aruna is a sea god in Hittite mythology , a son of the healing and magic goddess Kamrusepa . ref name isbn0 87395 062 3 cite book author Miller, Molly authorlink editor others title The thalassocracies edition language publisher State University of New York Press location Albany, N.Y year 1971 origyear pages p163 quote isbn 0 87395 062 3 oclc doi url http books.google.com books?id sLns 0eV wC&pg PA163&dq Aruna Kamrusepa&ei VquHSNu3LZHiiwGZ8LzoAQ&sig ACfU3U0JqeIeo7HgJYLeyWGixflklXLUJQ accessdate ref Aruna is also the Hittite word for sea , and like Kamrusepa may also refer to the god of the sea. Name Various origins of this name are proposed. It could be the name of the Vedic god Varuna and have entered the Hittite language Hittite vocabulary through Mitanni influence. It could also be a reconstruction of the Indo European language Indo European mori or Greek words for Black Sea , . A Hattic language Hattic origin through the place name Arianna has also been suggested. A connection with Indo European er , or stir, move , and thus with Sanskrit unicode ar ava is believed to be the most likely origin. ref David Michael Weeks. 1985 . Hittite Vocabulary An Anatolian Appendix to Buck s Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo European Languages, PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles. http www.sonic.net dweeks work samples dissertation.pdf PDF ref Notes Reflist See also Portal Mythology Ancient Near East Hittite mythology Hurrian mythology DEFAULTSORT Aruna Hittite Mythology Category Hittite deities MEast myth stub hu Arunasz ru ... more details
The states that are called Neo Hittite , or more recently Syro Hittite , were Luwian language Luwian ... and southern Anatolia that arose following the collapse of the Hittite Empire around 1180 BC and lasted until roughly 700 BC. The term Neo Hittite is sometimes reserved specifically for the Luwian ... term Syro Hittite is now applied to all the entities that arose in south central Anatolia following the Hittite collapse such as Tabal and Quw as well as those of northern and coastal Syria. ref Hawkins, John David 1982a. Neo Hittite States in Syria and Anatolia in Cambridge Ancient History 2nd ed ... See Bronze Age collapse Image Hittite Kingdom.png thumb 300px The vast Hittites Hittite empire at its maximum expansion in the lands of central Anatolia The collapse of the Hittite Empire is usually ... ref and the Hittite Empire suffered a sudden devastating attack from the Kaskas who occupied the coasts around the Black Sea and joined with the Mysians .They procceeded destroying almost all the Hittite ... Press. pp.43 44,49 ref Hattusa , the Hittites Hittite capital was completely destroyed. Following this collapse of large cities and the Hittite state, the Early Iron Age in northern Mesopotamia saw ... The University of Arizona Press. ref Syro Hittite states emerged in the process of such major ... affiliations. David Hawkins was able to trace a dynastic link between the Hittite imperial dynasty and the Great ... inscriptions, the uninterrupted cultural continuity in the region of Neo Hittite states from the Late ... witness multiple rebuildings in the Early Iron Age. List of Syro Hittite states Image NeoHittiteStates.gif frame right Historical map of the Neo Hittite states, ca. 800 BCE. Borders are approximate only. The Syro Hittite states may be divided into two groups a northern group where Hittites Hittite rulers ... century Hittite imperial monuments to the Early Iron Age Syro Hittite inscriptions of Karkamish ... systems, WA 17 363 376. ref Luwian hieroglyphs was chosen by many of the Syro Hittite regional ... more details
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