homininae were highly dimorphic and that this lessened over the course of the evolution of Homo, suggesting ... sexual dimorphism see homininae . ref Principles of human evolution By Roger Lewin, Robert Foley ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Sahelanthropus tchadensis br Touma fossil range Late Miocene image Sahelanthropus tchadensis TM 266 01 060 1.jpg image width 230 px image caption Cast of a Sahelanthropus tchadensis skull Toumai regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primata familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina genus extinct Sahelanthropus genus authority Brunet et al. , 2002 ref Usually, all authors of a taxon description are cited. In this case they are so many however that for layout reasons the list is abbreviated. The full citation is br Brunet, Guy, Pilbeam, Mackaye, Likius, Ahounta, Beauvilain, Blondel, Bocherens, Boisserie, De Bonis, Coppens, Dejax, Denys, Duringer, Eisenmann, Fanone, Fronty, Geraads, Lehmann, Lihoreau, Louchart, Mahamat, Merceron, Mouchelin, Otero, Pelaez Campomanes, Ponce de Le n, Rage, Sapanet, Schuster, Sudre, Tassy, Valentin, Vignaud, Viriot, Zazzo, & Zollikofer, 2002. ref species S. tchadensis binomial Sahelanthropus tchadensis binomial authority Brunet et al. , 2002 Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an extinct hominid species that is dated to about mya 7 . Whether it can be regarded as part of the Hominina tree is unclear there are arguments both supporting and rejecting it. Another complication in its classification is that it is older than the Chimpanzee human last common ancestor human chimpanzee divergence estimated to mya 6.3 5.4 seen in genetic data, ref name BBC May 2006 cite news title Evolution s human and chimp twist publisher BBC date May 18, 2006 accessdate April 2010 url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi science nature 4991470.stm ref and that there are few if any specimens other than the partial Human cranium cranium known as Touma . Fossils Existing fossils a relatively small Human cranium cranium nicknamed Touma hope of life in the local Dazaga language of Chad in central Africa , five pieces of jaw and some teeth make up a head that has a mixture of derived and primitive feat ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Homo antecessor fossil range Early Pleistocene , fossilrange 1.2 0.8 image Homo antecessor.jpg image width 200px conservation status EX regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata subphylum Vertebrate Vertebrata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s subordo Haplorrhini parvordo Catarrhini superfamilia Hominoidea familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini genus Homo genus Homo species H. antecessor binomial Homo antecessor binomial authority J. M. Bermudez de Castro Bermudez de Castro et al. , 1997 Homo antecessor is an extinct Homo human species or subspecies dating from 1.2 million to 800,000 years ago, that was discovered by Eudald Carbonell , Juan Luis Arsuaga and J. M. Berm dez de Castro. H. antecessor is one of the earliest known human varieties in Europe . Various archaeology archaeologists and anthropology anthropologists Who date September 2010 have debated how H. antecessor related to other Homo species in Europe, with suggestions that it was an evolutionary link between Homo ergaster H. ergaster and Homo heidelbergensis H. heidelbergensis , although Richard Klein believes that it was instead a separate species that evolved from H. ergaster . ref Klein, Richard. 2009. Hominin Disperals in the Old World in The Human Past , ed. Chris Scarre, 2nd ed., p. 108. ref Others Who date April 2010 believe that H. antecessor is in fact the same species as H. heidelbergensis , who inhabited Europe from 600,000 to 250,000 years ago in the Pleistocene . The best preserved fossil is a maxilla that belonged to a 10 year old individual found in Spain . Based on Paleomagnetism palaeomagnetic measurements, it is thought to be older than 780 857 Kiloannum ka . ref Falgu res, Christophe J. Bahain Y. Yokoyama, J. Arsuaga, J. Bermudez de Castro, E. Carbonell, J. Bischoff and J. Dolo 1999 Earliest humans in Europe the age of TD6 Gran Dolina, Atapuerca, Spain Journal of Human Evolution 37 3 4 343 352 351 . ref The average brain was 1,000 cm in volu ... more details
ago subfamily Homininae Humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas 8,000,000 years ago Tribe biology ... from the ancestors of the gibbon lesser apes . valign TOP align RIGHT nowrap 13 Ma Homininae ancestors ... Hominini hominin genus subfamily Homininae . Two species are described in the literature A. ramidus ... universe History of Earth Natural history History of the world Evolutionary history of life Homininae ... more details
expert subject multiple Anthropology Taxonomy Primates date December 2009 Infobox is believed to conflict with the article s lead. Expert needed to clarify. Taxobox name Wushan Man status Fossil fossil range Pliocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primates familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae genus Homo species Homo erectus H. erectus subspecies H. e. wushanensis trinomial Homo erectus wushanensis Wushan Man zh c p W sh nr n, literally Shaman Mountain Man is a controversial taxon . Originally considered a subspecies of Homo erectus , it is now thought by one of the scientists, Russell Ciochon , that first described it to be based upon fossilized fragments of an extinct non Hominini hominin ape . ref name Ciochon ref Handwerk B. 2009 . http news.nationalgeographic.com news 2009 06 090617 early human ape mystery.html Early Human Is Ape After All, Discoverer Decides National Geographic News June 17, 2009 ref The remains that have become known as Wushan Man were found in 1985 in Longgupo literally Dragon Bone Slope which is an alternate English name for it , Zhenlongping Village, Miaoyu Town of Wushan County, Chongqing in the Three Gorges area of China convert 20 km south of the Yangtze River . ref name Huang Cite journal doi 10.1038 378275a0 last1 Huang first1 W last2 Ciochon first2 R last3 Gu first3 Y last4 Larick first4 R last5 Qiren first5 they smell F last6 Schwarcz first6 H last7 Yonge first7 C last8 de Vos first8 J last9 Rink first9 W. et al. year 1995 title Early Homo and associated artefacts from Asia url journal Nature volume 378 issue 6554 pages 275 8 pmid 7477345 ref They have been dated to around two million years ago. History of find The cave at Longgupo, Dragon Bone Slope, due the way the collapse of the cave s roof and walls shaped the above land. ref name Huang sup fig. 1 sup It was discovered as a site contain fossils in 1984 and then initially Excavation archaeology excavated by a team of Chinese scientists, led ... more details
s in the wild, and show curiosity in wildlife such as Pythonidae pythons . Homininae Around 10 million ... along the Human timeline of evolution see Homininae , starting from about 600 cm sup 3 sup in Homo ... more details
Taxobox fossil range Pliocene image Ardi.jpg image width 250px image caption Ardipithecus ramidus specimen, nicknamed Ardi regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini genus Ardipithecus genus authority Tim D. White White et al., 1995 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Ardipithecus kadabba br Ardipithecus ramidus Ardipithecus is a fossil hominoid, described by its discoverers as a very early Hominini hominin genus . Two species are described in the literature A. ramidus , which lived about 4.4 million years ago ref name NatGeo News cite web url http news.nationalgeographic.com news 2001 07 0712 ethiopianbones.html title Fossils From Ethiopia May Be Earliest Human Ancestor first David last Perlman publisher National Geographic News date July 12, 2001 accessdate July 2009 quote Another co author is Tim D. White, a paleoanthropologist at UC Berkeley who in 1994 discovered a pre human fossil, named Ardipithecus ramidus, that was then the oldest known, at 4.4 million years. ref during the early Pliocene , and A. kadabba , dated to approximately 5.6 million years ago late Miocene . ref name AndThePaleobiology Ardipithecus ramidus Image Map of the fossil sites of the earliest hominids 35.8 3.3M BP .svg thumb left Map showing discovery location A. ramidus was named in September 1994. The first fossil find was dated to 4.4 million years ago on the basis of its stratigraphic position between two volcanic stratum strata the basal Tuff Gaala Tuff Complex GATC and the basalt Daam Aatu Basaltic Tuff DABT . ref cite doi 10.1038 371306a0 ref The name Ardipithecus ramidus stems mostly from the Afar language , in which Ardi means ground floor borrowed from either the Semitic root in either Amharic or Arabic and ramid means root . The pithecus portion of the name is from the Greek language Greek word for monkey . ref name NOVA cite web title NOVA, Aliens from Earth Who s who in human evolution last ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Homo heidelbergensis fossil range Pleistocene , fossilrange 0.6 0.4 image Homo heidelbergensis Cranium 5.jpg image width 250px regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primates familia Hominid ae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina genus Homo genus Homo species H. heidelbergensis binomial Homo heidelbergensis binomial authority Otto Schoetensack Schoetensack , 1908 Homo heidelbergensis Heidelberg Man , named after the University of Heidelberg is an extinct species of the genus Homo genus Homo which may be ref Mounier,Aur lien Fran ois Marchal and Silvana Condemi Is Homo heidelbergensis a distinct species? New insight on the Mauer mandible Journal of Human Evolution Volume 56, Issue 3, March 2009, Pages 219 246 http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6WJS 4VPV8MK 1& user 10& rdoc 1& fmt & orig search& sort d& docanchor &view c& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 0524cb2987ebab926c9a3991493ddc48 ref the direct ancestor of both Homo neanderthalensis in Europe and Homo sapiens . ref cite journal title Human Evolution in the Middle Pleistocene The Role of Homo heidelbergensis author Rightmire, G. P. journal Evolutionary Anthropology year 1998 issue 6 url http www.archeo.uw.edu.pl zalaczniki upload23.pdf pages 218 227 volume 6 doi 10.1002 SICI 1520 6505 1998 6 6 218 AID EVAN4 3.0.CO 2 6 ref The best evidence found for these hominins date between 600,000 and 400,000 years ago. H. heidelbergensis stone tool technology was very close to that of the Acheulean tools used by Homo erectus . Morphology and interpretations Image Homo heidelbergensis 10233446 .jpg thumb left Reconstruction of Homo heidelbergensis Both H. antecessor and H. heidelbergensis are likely to be descended from the morphologically very similar Homo ergaster from Africa. But because H. heidelbergensis had a larger brain case with a typical cranial volume of 1100 1400 cm overlapping the 1350 cm ... more details
Infobox short story See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Rats in the Walls author H. P. Lovecraft country United States language English genre Horror fiction Horror short story published in Weird Tales publisher media type Print Magazine pub date March, 1924 in literature 1924 The Rats in the Walls is a short story by American author H. P. Lovecraft . Written in August September 1923 in literature 1923 , it was first published in Weird Tales , March 1924 in literature 1924 . ref cite book last Straub first Peter title Lovecraft Tales publisher The Library of America year 2005 isbn 1 931082 72 3 page 823 ref Plot summary The Rats in the Walls is narrated by the scion of the Delapore family, who has moved from Massachusetts to his ancestral estate in England, known as Exham Priory. On several occasions, the protagonist and his cats, specifically his favorite cat, hear the eponymous sounds of rats scurrying behind the walls. Upon investigating further, he finds that his family maintained an underground city for centuries and that the inhabitants of the city fed on human flesh, even going so far as to raise generations of human cattle, who eventually began to de evolve due to their sub human living conditions. Another possibility is that Lovecraft is providing a suggestion of the fate of early pre human Homininae species following the rise of Homo sapiens . In the end, the protagonist, unknowingly maddened by the revelations of his family s past and driven by the stronger force of his own heritage, attacks one of his friends in the dark of the cavernous city and begins eating him. He is subsequently subdued and locked in a mental institution. Soon after, Exham Priory is destroyed. The protagonist of the story maintains his innocence, proclaiming that it was the rats, the rats in the walls, who ate the man. The rats still persist, however, as he continues to be plagued by the sounds and sights of rats in the walls of his cell. Inspirat ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Gracile australopith fossil range Pliocene Pleistocene fossil range 3.9 1.7 latest 0 small Descendant taxon Homo survives to present small image Australopithecusafarensis reconstruction.jpg image width 250px image caption Australopithecus afarensis regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia infraclassis Eutheria ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina genus Australopithecus genus authority Raymond Dart R.A. Dart , 1925 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Australopithecus africanus A. africanus br Australopithecus garhi A. garhi br Australopithecus sediba A. sediba br Also called Paranthropus br Paranthropus aethiopicus P. aethiopicus br Paranthropus robustus P. robustus br Paranthropus boisei P. boisei br Also called Praeanthropus br Australopithecus afarensis A. afarensis br Australopithecus anamensis A. anamensis br Australopithecus bahrelghazali A. bahrelghazali Australopithecus Latin australis southern , Greek language Greek pithekos ape is a genus of hominids that is now extinct . From the evidence gathered by paleontology palaeontologists and archaeology archaeologists , it appears that the Australopithecus genus evolved in eastern Africa around 4 million years ago before spreading throughout the continent and eventually becoming extinct 2 million years ago. During this time period various forms of australopiths existed, including Australopithecus anamensis , Australopithecus afarensis A. afarensis , Australopithecus sediba A. sediba , and Australopithecus africanus A. africanus . There is still some debate amongst academics whether certain African hominid species of this time, such as Australopithecus robustus A. robustus and Australopithecus boisei A. boisei , constitute members of the same genus if so, they would be considered to be robust australopiths whilst the others would be considered gracile australopiths . However, if these species do indeed constit ... more details
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