For an explanation of very similar terms Hominidae Taxobox name Hominini fossil range fossilrange 5.4 0 earliest 6.3 image Male Bonobo Lola ya Bonobo 2008.jpg image width 230px image caption Male Bonobo regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini tribus authority John Edward Gray Gray , 1825 subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision Subtribe Panina Pan genus Pan chimpanzees Subtribe Hominina Homo genus Homo Paranthropus Australopithecus Sahelanthropus Orrorin Ardipithecus Kenyanthropus Hominini is the tribe biology tribe of Homininae that comprises homo genus Homo , and the two species of the genus Chimpanzee Pan the common chimpanzee and the bonobo , their ancestors, and the extinct lineages of their common ancestor but see the discussion below for alternative views . Members of the tribe are called hominins cf. Hominidae , hominids . The subtribe Hominina is the human branch, including genus Homo and its close relatives, but not Pan . ref cite journal last Goodman first Morris coauthors Danilo A. Tagle, David ... proposed the taxon Hominini on the basis of the idea that the least similar species of a trichotomy ... mpev.1996.0011 pmid 8673284 ref the tribe Hominini includes Pan as well as Homo , but as separate ... Panina . However, there are alternative definitions some researchers use the term Hominini ... 2011 03 29 date 2001 08 01 work ref ref name webhom cite web url title Hominini accessdate 2011 03 29 ... and chimpanzees belong to the Hominini tribe. References reflist Wikispecies Human Evolution Great apes Category Apes Category Human evolution ar ca Hominini cs Hominini da Hominider de Hominini et Hominini el es Hominini eo Hominini fa fr Hominini ko hr Hominini it Hominini he la Hominini lv Homin ni nl Hominini ja nds Hominini pl Hominini pt Hominini ru simple Hominini fi Hominini sv Hominider homininer tr Hominini uk ... more details
Garniss H. Curtis is a professor emeritus of geology at the University of California, Berkeley , geochronology geochronologist , volcano volcanologist , geophysics geophysicist , and founder of the Berkeley Geochronology Center . In 1960, Curtis and fellow UC Berkeley geophysicist Jack Evernden used potassium argon dating methods developed by UC Berkeley physics physicist John Reynolds physicist John Reynolds on minerals found in tephra deposits collected by Evernden to date Mary Leakey s 1959 Olduvai Gorge Bed I Hominini hominin Zinjanthropus Paranthropus boisei to 1.89 to 1.57 mya unit Mya . ref name TaylorAitken1997 cite book editor last Taylor editor first R. E. editor2 last Aitken editor2 first M. J. title Chronometric Dating in Archaeology, Vol. 2 pages 110 publisher Springer Verlag New York year 1997 isbn 9780306457159 ref The great age of the fossil hominid and associated stone tools in the bed pushed back the then accepted age of the Pleistocene another million years, causing a stir in the geology community. ref name TaylorAitken1997 The dating of these fossil finds is considered a starting point for the collaboration of paleoanthropology and geochronology . References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Curtis, Garniss ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Curtis, Garniss Category Living people Category American geologists Category University of California, Berkeley faculty US geologist stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 Biological classification In biology , a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family biology family and genus . It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes . Some examples include the tribes Goat antelope Tribe Caprini Caprini , Acalypheae , Hominini , Bombini , and Antidesmeae . See also Biological classification Rank botany Rank zoology International Code of Botanical Nomenclature International Code of Zoological Nomenclature References reflist Taxonomic ranks Category Scientific classification rank16 Category Botanical nomenclature Tribe Category Plant taxonomy 1rank16 Category Zoological nomenclature rank16 Biology stub ar ba bg ca Tribu biologia cs Tribus de Tribus Biologie el es Tribu biolog a eo Tribo biologio eu Leinu biologia fa fr Tribu biologie gl Tribo biolox a ko hr Tribus id Tribus it Trib tassonomia he la Tribus taxinomia lt Triba hu Nemzets gcsoport rendszertan mk mt Trib bijolo ija nl Geslachtengroep ja no Tribus biologi nn Tribus nds Tribus pl Plemi biologia pt Tribo biologia ru scn Tribb biolugg a sk Tribus taxon mia fi Tribus sv Tribus tt tr Oymak taksonomi uk vi T ng sinh h c zh ... more details
Gorillini gorillas and Hominini chimpanzees, and humans . The early Late Miocene Nakalipithecus ... basal members of this clade , not assignable to either the Gorillini or Hominini tribes. They suggest ... of the tribe Hominini, a hominine is a member of the subfamily Homininae, a hominid is a member ... , Gorilla beringei graueri Tribe Hominini Genus Pan genus Pan Common chimpanzee , Pan troglodytes ... lv Homininae nl Homininae ja pl Homininae pt Homininae ru simple Homininae sk Hominini ... more details
Refimprove date May 2010 The term australopithecine refers generally to any species in the related genus genera Australopithecus or Paranthropus . These species occurred in the Plio Pleistocene era, and were bipedal and dentally similar to humans, but with a brain size not much larger than modern apes, lacking the encephalization characteristics of the genus Homo . ref name CambridgeDictHumBiol&Evolp45 They are classified within the Hominina subtribe of the Hominini tribe biology tribe . They appeared in the Pliocene Australopithecus , appeared about 4 million years ago Paranthropus , appeared about 2.7 million years ago. When used alone, the term refers to both genera together. Australopithecus is sometimes referred to as the gracile slender australopithecines , while Paranthropus are also called the robust australopithecines . ref name CambridgeDictHumBiol&EvolGeneral A likely ancestor of the Australopithecines is the genus Ardipithecus , which lived in East Africa. The Homo genus Homo genus human s, appear about 2.4 million years ago with Homo habilis appear to be descended from australopithecine ancestors, more precisely from Kenyanthropus platyops branching off Australopithecus some 3.5 million years ago. An alternative possibility is the derivation of Homo directly from Ardipithecus with an as yet undiscovered link connecting Ardipithecus and Homo habilis existing in parallel to the Australopithecines in the period 4 to 2.5 million years ago. See also wiktionary Human taxonomy References reflist 2 refs ref name CambridgeDictHumBiol&Evolp45 citation date 2005 author Larry L Mai Marcus Young Owl M Patricia Kersting title The Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution page 45 place Cambridge & New York publisher Cambridge University Press isbn 978 0 521 66486 8 ref ref name CambridgeDictHumBiol&EvolGeneral Larry L Mai Marcus Young Owl M Patricia Kersting, 2005 . While there are spedific discussions of these terms, description and definition of is found t ... more details
For an explanation of very similar terms Hominidae unreferenced date August 2009 Automatic taxobox fossil range Pliocene present, fossilrange 3 0 image Homo sapiens neanderthalensis.jpg image caption Skull of Homo neanderthalensis display parents 4 subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision Homo genus Homo human s Paranthropus extinct Australopithecus extinct Sahelanthropus extinct Orrorin extinct Ardipithecus extinct Kenyanthropus extinct The more anthropomorphic primate s of the Hominini tribe are placed in the Hominina subtribe. Referred to as hominans , they are characterized by the evolution of an increasingly erect bipedal locomotion. The only Extant taxon extant species is Homo sapiens . Fossil records and mtDNA studies indicate this subtribe branched from the common ancestor with the chimpanzee lineage about 5 to 7 million years ago. Taxonomy Current evidence Fact date March 2008 suggests that, about 2.6 million years ago, Australopithecus began to diverge into two paths. One path produced Paranthropus , more robust, specialized in a herbivore plant food that required a stronger jaw and molars and powerful facial muscles that required a cranial crest, much like a modern gorilla has, to unite them. The other track led to Homo , with a relatively larger brain, more delicate teeth and jaw. Both genera existed at the same time for about 1 and a half million years. This subtribe is usually considered to include Australopithecus , Paranthropus , Sahelanthropus , Orrorin , Ardipithecus , Kenyanthropus , and Homo genus Homo . However, the exact makeup is still under debate, as scientists continue to determine the order of descent in human evolution . Description Key features of this group involve various adaptations for living predominantly on the ground rather than on the trees. In particular, it is vertical standing, moving on two legs and the skull placed on top of the vertebral column. The feet are prehensile not adapted to grasping and holding unlike the rest o ... more details
The People s Republic of China Chinese city of Chongqing has a long history dating back at least 3,000 years. Prehistory Evidence of the presence of man in Chongqing has been discovered dating back to the Old Stone Age , approximately 20 30,000 years ago. ref name govt http english.cq.gov.cn ChongqingGuide MountainCity 1920.htm History of Chongqing Chongqing Municipal Government accessed 2010 01 10 . ref The fossils of a lower jawbone and teeth of a primitive human species have been discovered near Wushan County, Chongqing Wushan County in Chongqing . This archaeological find, named the Wushan Man , have provided evidence that some form of non hominini hominin ape inhabited the area as early as two million years ago. ref http www.redorbit.com news science 18929 ancient wushan man written into history textbook Ancient Wushan Man written into history textbook redOrbit accessed 2010 01 10 . ref Pre unification At the beginning of the Zhou dynasty in the 11th century BC, the Ba state State of Ba was formed by the population of eastern Sichuan . However, this was not more than a loose confederation of independent clans who recognised a single king. During the Warring States Period Warring States period , the State of Ba fell into decline, until it was absorbed by the Qin state State of Qin in 316 AD 316 . It is unknown why the State of Ba fell so quickly into decline, but it is thought that due to a lack of a sense of real unity, a powerful army could not be raised, leaving it open to attack by invaders. ref name threegorges http english.cnhubei.com 2008 09 17 cms671788article.shtml Three Gorges Archaeology Mysteries of the Ancient Ba People CNHubei.com accessed 2010 01 10 . ref Imperial history At different times throughout its history, Chongqing was known by several different names, including Jiangzhou, Ba Prefecture, Chu Prefecture 420 581 , Yu Prefecture and Gong Prefecture during the Northern Song Dynasty . In 1189, the area was renamed Chongqing Fu by Emperor Guang ... more details
noinclude Refimprove date August 2009 noinclude border 0 cellspacing 2 cellpadding 0 width 800 style font size smaller clear both style font size larger Hominini Hominin species distributed through time span style float right small class editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand fullurl Human evolution Species chart action edit edit small span timeline ImageSize width 900 height 600 PlotArea left 20 right 70 bottom 20 top 0 AlignBars justify Colors id period1 value rgb 1,1,0.7 light pink id period2 value rgb 0.7,0.7,1 light blue id period3 value rgb 0.7,1,0.7 light green id events value rgb 1,0.3,1 light purple id Miocene value rgb 1,0.8706,0 255 222 0 id Pliocene value rgb 0.9961,0.9216,0.6745 254 235 172 id Pleistocene value rgb 1,0.9216,0.3843 255 235 98 id Holocene value rgb 1,1,0.7020 255 255 179 Period from 7 till 0 TimeAxis orientation horizontal ScaleMajor unit year increment 1 start 7 ScaleMinor unit year increment 0.250000 start 7 BarData bar Timelines bar buffer bar Events bar bar0 bar bar1 bar bar2 bar bar3 bar bar4 bar bar5 bar bar6 bar bar7 bar bar8 bar bar9 bar bar10 bar bar11 bar bar12 bar bar13 bar bar14 bar bar15 bar bar16 bar bar17 bar bar18 bar bar19 bar bar20 bar bar21 bar bar22 bar bar23 bar bar24 bar bar25 bar bar26 bar bar27 bar bar28 bar bar29 bar bar30 bar bar31 bar bar32 bar bar33 bar bar35 PlotData width 25 mark line,red textcolor black bar Timelines align right shift 75,0 bar Timelines align center shift none from 7 till 5.332000 color Miocene text Miocene from 5.332000 till 1.806000 color Pliocene text Pliocene from 1.806000 till 0.011500 color Pleistocene text Pleistocene from 0.011500 till 0 color Holocene align left text Holocene bar Events color events align left shift 5, 10 at 5.000000 text Split between humans and chimpanzees using molecular clock, about 5 Ma width 7 mark none color events align right shift 5, 4 bar bar2 align left from 7.000000 till 6.000000 at 6.000000 text Sahelanthropus Sahelanthropus tchadensis bar bar4 from 6.1 ... more details
Image Elwetritschen Brunnen in Neustadt 09.jpg thumb Elwetritschefountain by Gernot Rumpf in Neustadt an der Weinstra e taxobox name Cutter teethed elwedritsche image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia unranked classis Aviranthropel ia unranked ordo Phasianopithesinyiod a unranked familia Tragolapithicoxusia infraclassis Gallopavogiraffapithecore Gallopavogiraffapithecora ordo Primate s infraordo Ornitherogantyorrhin ae familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae supertribus Strivesperocrasavicuinines tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina unranked subfamilia Strivesperocrasavicuoidea sectio Elwedritsche Strivesperocrasavicuidae subsectio Breostimeurohomavininae series Mammopithavipterinis genus Tragobreogallopavopoda species T. smilocarnifexodon binomial Tragobreogallopavopoda smilocarnifexodon synonyms Strivespertocrasavicus smilocarnifexodontia The Elwetritsch aka Elwedritsch , Ilwedritsch and so on , plural Elwetritsche or Elwetritschen , in pseudoscientific Latin bestia palatinensis is a birdlike Legendary creature mythical creature which is reported to be found in South West Germany, especially in Palatinate region Palatinate . The Elwetritsch can be seen as a local equivalent to mythical creatures of other regions, i.e. the Bavarian Wolpertinger or the Thuringia n Rasselbock. The Elwedritsch had been quite forgotten in a while, till a Gentleman , named Espenschied rediscovered them. He began to organize Hunting Parties which were nothing more than playing a harmless prank on people. One of the List of rulers of Bavaria Bavarian Kings was once served roasted, small birds for dinner, which were declared to be Elwetritsche, but were actually Quail . Appearance, Origin and Descendants File Elwetritsch.jpg thumb Sculpture of a male Elwetritsch The Elwedritsch is a cryptid or mythical creature that supposedly inhabits the Palatinate region Palatinate of Germany . It is described as being a chicken like creature with antler s. It also h ... more details
Taxobox name Red Deer Cave people replace with proper taxonomy once determined fossil range Late Pleistocene , br fossilrange 0.0145 0.0115 image Red Deer Cave people skull and reconstruction.png image alt Reconstructed skull top left with skull fragments image caption classification status disputed regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae tribus Hominini genus Homo genus Homo species undetermined binomial binomial authority The Red Deer Cave people are the youngest known prehistoric population who do not look like modern humans. Fossils dated between 14,500 and 11,500 years old were found in Red Deer Cave and Longlin Cave in China. Having a mix of archaic and modern features, they are tentatively thought to be a separate species of humans that became extinct without contributing to the gene pool of modern humans. ref cite news title Scientists stumped by prehistoric human whose face doesn t fit author Deborah Smith date 2012 03 15 url http www.brisbanetimes.com.au national scientists stumped by prehistoric human whose face doesnt fit 20120314 1v3m0.html newspaper Brisbane Times ref Evidence shows large deer were cooked in the Red Deer Cave giving the people their name. ref name Barras2012 cite web title Chinese human fossils unlike any known species first Colin last Barras url http www.newscientist.com article dn21586 chinese human fossils unlike any known species.html date 2012 03 14 accessdate 2012 03 15 publisher New Scientist ref Discovery File Maludong mandibles.tif upright thumb left Mandibles In 1979, the partial skull of a cave dweller was found in Longlin Cave in the Guangxi Zhuang region of China. Further human remains were excavated from Maludong Red Deer Cave in Yunnan Province. ref name Curnoe2012 cite doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0031918 ref Fossils of the Red Deer Cave dwellers were radiocarbon dating radiocarbon dated between 14,500 to 11,500 years of age, using charcoal found in the fossil deposits. D ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Orrorin tugenensis fossil range Miocene image Orrorin tugenensis.jpg image width 250px image caption Orrorin tugenensis fossils regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina genus Orrorin genus authority harvnb Senut Pickford Gommery Mein 2001 species O. tugenensis binomial Orrorin tugenensis binomial authority harvnb Senut Pickford Gommery Mein 2001 Orrorin tugenensis is considered to be the second oldest after Sahelanthropus known hominin ancestor that is possibly related to modern human s, and it is the only species classified in genus Orrorin . Orrorin is significant because it can be an early Bipedalism bipedal hominin. no refs The name ref Tugenensis from Tugen Hills , and Orrorin from local language original man it was also nicknamed the Millenium Man . harvnb Haviland Prins Walrath McBride 2007 p 122 ref was given by the discoverers who found Orrorin fossil s in the Tugen Hills of Kenya in 2000. ref name Haviland 2007 p122 harvnb Haviland Prins Walrath McBride 2007 p 122 ref By analysing radiometric dating radiometric decay K Ar dating , paleomagnetism , and biochronology the age of the specimen have been estimated to mya 6 5.8 million years Ma . At present, 20 fossils have been found at four sites in the Lukeino Formation of these, the fossils at Cheboit and Aragai are the oldest mya 6.1 Ma , while those in Kapsomin and Kapcheberek are found in the upper levels of the formation mya 5.7 Ma . ref name Henke 2007 harvnb Henke 2007 pp 1527 9 ref Fossils The 20 specimen found thus far include the posterior part of mandible in two pieces a symphysis according to ref, not sure what was found and several isolated teeth three fragments of femur s a partial humerus a proximal Phalanx bones phalanx and a distal thumb phalanx. ref name Henke 2007 Orrorin had small teeth relative its body size. Its dentition differs from that found in Australopithecus ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Homo rhodesiensis fossil range Pleistocene , fossilrange 0.4 0.12 image Rhodesian Man.jpg image width 220px image caption Skull found in 1921 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae tribus Hominini genus Homo genus Homo species H. rhodesiensis binomial Homo rhodesiensis binomial authority Arthur Smith Woodward Woodward , 1921 Homo rhodesiensis Rhodesian man is a hominin species described from the fossil Kabwe skull . Other morphology biology morphologically comparable remains have been found from the same, or earlier, time period in southern Africa Hopefield or Saldanha , East Africa Bodo, Ndutu, Eyasi, Ileret and North Africa Sal , Rabat, Dar es Soltane, Djbel Irhoud, Sidi Aberrahaman, Tighenif . These remains were dated between 300,000 and 125,000 years old. Discovery Image Broken Hill Skull Replica01 .jpg thumb left Replica of the skull Kabwe skull or Kabwe cranium , or Broken Hill 1 is the type specimen. The Human cranium cranium was found in an lead and zinc mine in Broken Hill, Northern Rhodesia now Kabwe , Zambia in 1921 by Tom Zwiglaar, a Swiss Mining miner . In addition to the cranium, an upper jaw from another individual, a sacrum , a tibia , and two femur fragments were also found. The skull was dubbed Rhodesian Man at the time of the find, but is now commonly referred to as the Broken Hill Skull or the Kabwe Cranium . The association between the bones is unclear, but the tibia and femur fossils are usually associated with the skull. Rhodesian Man is dated to be between 125,000 and 300,000 years old. Human brain Structure Cranial capacity of the Broken Hill skull has been estimated at 1,100 cm , ref Rightmire, G. Philip. http books.google.com books?id edFD6el38mAC&dq Ndutu hominid&source gbs summary s&cad 0 The Evolution of Homo Erectus Comparative Anatomical Studies of an Extinct Human Species Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 0521449987, 9780521449984. ref which, whe ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Homo gautengensis fossil range Pleistocene , fossilrange 1.9 0.6 status extinct image image caption image2 image2 alt image2 caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina genus Homo genus Homo species H. gautengensis binomial Homo gautengensis binomial authority Curnoe, 2010 synonyms range map range map width range map caption Homo gautengensis is a hominin species proposed by biological anthropologist Darren Curnoe in 2010. The species is composed of South African hominin fossils previously attributed to Homo habilis , Homo ergaster or in some cases Australopithecus and is argued by Curnoe to be the earliest species in the genus Homo . ref Curnoe, D. 2010, A review of early Homo in southern Africa focusing on cranial, mandibular and dental remains, with the description of a new species Homo gautengensis sp. nov. . HOMO Journal of Comparative Human Biology , vol.61 pp.151 177. ref Discovery and analysis Analysis announced in May 2010 of a partial skull found decades earlier in South Africa s Sterkfontein Caves in Gauteng near Johannesburg identified the species, named Homo gautengensis by anthropologist Dr Darren Curnoe of the UNSW School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences. While earlier fossils belong to the genus Homo , none have yet been classified in any species. ref cite journal journal Journal of Comparative Human Biology author Curnoe, D. doi 10.1016 j.jchb.2010.04.002 title A review of early Homo in southern Africa focusing on cranial, mandibular and dental remains, with the description of a new species Homo gautengensis sp. nov. year 2010 pmid 20466364 volume 61 issue 3 pages 151 77 ref The species first remains were originally discovered in 1977 but had been left largely ignored. ref name UNSW http www.science.unsw.edu.au news new species of human New species of human ancestor identified ref They had been cat ... more details
Taxobox fossil range Pliocene image Ardi.jpg image width 250px image caption Ardipithecus ramidus specimen, nicknamed Ardi regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini genus Ardipithecus genus authority Tim D. White White et al., 1995 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Ardipithecus kadabba br Ardipithecus ramidus Ardipithecus is a fossil hominoid, described by its discoverers as a very early Hominini hominin genus . Two species are described in the literature A. ramidus , which lived about 4.4 million years ago ref name NatGeo News cite web url http news.nationalgeographic.com news 2001 07 0712 ethiopianbones.html title Fossils From Ethiopia May Be Earliest Human Ancestor first David last Perlman publisher National Geographic News date July 12, 2001 accessdate July 2009 quote Another co author is Tim D. White, a paleoanthropologist at UC Berkeley who in 1994 discovered a pre human fossil, named Ardipithecus ramidus, that was then the oldest known, at 4.4 million years. ref during the early Pliocene , and A. kadabba , dated to approximately 5.6 million years ago late Miocene . ref name AndThePaleobiology Ardipithecus ramidus Image Map of the fossil sites of the earliest hominids 35.8 3.3M BP .svg thumb left Map showing discovery location A. ramidus was named in September 1994. The first fossil find was dated to 4.4 million years ago on the basis of its stratigraphic position between two volcanic stratum strata the basal Tuff Gaala Tuff Complex GATC and the basalt Daam Aatu Basaltic Tuff DABT . ref cite doi 10.1038 371306a0 ref The name Ardipithecus ramidus stems mostly from the Afar language , in which Ardi means ground floor borrowed from either the Semitic root in either Amharic or Arabic and ramid means root . The pithecus portion of the name is from the Greek language Greek word for monkey . ref name NOVA cite web title NOVA, Aliens from Earth Who s who in human evolution last ... more details
History of France Prehistoric France is the period in the human occupation including early Hominini hominins of the geographical area covered by present day France which extended through prehistory and ended in the Iron Age with the Celt ic La T ne culture . The Palaeolithic Lower Palaeolithic France includes Olduwan Abbevillian and Acheulean sites from early or non modern transitional Hominini species, most notably Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis . The Grotte du Vallonnet near Menton contained simple stone tools dating to 1 million to 1.05 million years BC. ref name ReferenceA Henry de Lumley, La Grande Histoire de premiers europeens , Odile Jacob, Paris, 2010 ref Cave sites were exploited for habitation, but the hunter gatherers of the Paleolithic Palaeolithic era also possibly built shelters such as those identified in connection with Acheulean tools at Grotte du Lazaret and Terra Amata near Nice in France. Excavations at Terra Amata found traces of the earliest known domestication of fire in Europe , from 400,000 BC. ref name ReferenceA Middle Palaeolithic The Neanderthal s, the earliest Homo sapiens to occupy Europe, are thought to have arrived there around 300,000 BC, but seem to have died out by about by 30,000 BC, presumably unable to compete with modern humans during a period of cold weather. Numerous Neanderthal, or Mousterian , artifacts named after the type site of Le Moustier , a rock shelter in the Dordogne region of France have been found from this period, some using the Levallois technique , a distinctive type of lithic reduction flint knapping developed by hominids during the Lower Palaeolithic but most commonly associated with the Neanderthal industries of the Middle Palaeolithic. Upper Palaeolithic The earliest modern humans Cro Magnon s entered Europe including France around 40,000 years ago during a long interglacial period of particularly mild climate, when Europe was relatively warm, and food was plentiful. When they arrived in Europe, they brought ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Robust australopithecines fossil range Pliocene Pleistocene , fossilrange 2.7 1.2 image Australopithecus boisei P1060081.jpg image width 200px image caption Skull of Paranthropus boisei regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina genus Paranthropus genus authority Robert Broom Broom , 1938 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Paranthropus aethiopicus br Paranthropus boisei br Paranthropus robustus The robust australopithecines , members of the extinct hominin genus Paranthropus from Greek language Greek , para beside , nthropos human , were bipedal hominids that probably descended from the gracile australopithecine hominids Australopithecus . ref name Dawkins2004 cite book last Dawkins first Richard title The Ancestor s Tale A Pilgrimage To the Dawn of Life year 2004 publisher Weidenfeld & Nicolson location London isbn 0 297 82503 8 page 77 ref They are characterised by robust craniodental anatomy, including gorilla like Sagittal crest cranial crests , which suggest strong muscles of mastication , without the transverse cranial crest also present on modern gorillas. Discovery unreferenced section date September 2011 Image Paranthropus boisei.JPG thumb left Paranthropus boisei reconstruction A partial cranium and mandible of Paranthropus robustus was discovered in 1938 by a schoolboy, Gert Terblanche, at Kromdraai fossil site Kromdraai B 70 km south west of Pretoria in South Africa. It was described as a new genus and species by Robert Broom of the Transvaal Museum. The site has been excavated since 1993 by Francis Thackeray of the Transvaal Museum. A date of at least 1.95 million years has been obtained for Kromdraai B. Image Paranthropus boisei skull.jpg thumb Replica of the skull found by Mary Leakey Paranthropus boisei was discovered by Mary Leakey on July 17, 1959, at the FLK Bed I site of Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Sahelanthropus tchadensis br Touma fossil range Late Miocene image Sahelanthropus tchadensis TM 266 01 060 1.jpg image width 230 px image caption Cast of a Sahelanthropus tchadensis skull Toumai regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primata familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini subtribus Hominina genus extinct Sahelanthropus genus authority Brunet et al. , 2002 ref Usually, all authors of a taxon description are cited. In this case they are so many however that for layout reasons the list is abbreviated. The full citation is br Brunet, Guy, Pilbeam, Mackaye, Likius, Ahounta, Beauvilain, Blondel, Bocherens, Boisserie, De Bonis, Coppens, Dejax, Denys, Duringer, Eisenmann, Fanone, Fronty, Geraads, Lehmann, Lihoreau, Louchart, Mahamat, Merceron, Mouchelin, Otero, Pelaez Campomanes, Ponce de Le n, Rage, Sapanet, Schuster, Sudre, Tassy, Valentin, Vignaud, Viriot, Zazzo, & Zollikofer, 2002. ref species S. tchadensis binomial Sahelanthropus tchadensis binomial authority Brunet et al. , 2002 Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an extinct hominid species that is dated to about mya 7 . Whether it can be regarded as part of the Hominina tree is unclear there are arguments both supporting and rejecting it. Another complication in its classification is that it is older than the Chimpanzee human last common ancestor human chimpanzee divergence estimated to mya 6.3 5.4 seen in genetic data, ref name BBC May 2006 cite news title Evolution s human and chimp twist publisher BBC date May 18, 2006 accessdate April 2010 url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi science nature 4991470.stm ref and that there are few if any specimens other than the partial Human cranium cranium known as Touma . Fossils Existing fossils a relatively small Human cranium cranium nicknamed Touma hope of life in the local Dazaga language of Chad in central Africa , five pieces of jaw and some teeth make up a head that has a mixture of derived and primitive feat ... more details
Year nav topic 2004 science The year 2004 in science and technology involved some significant events. Anthropology October 27 Remains of a previously unknown species of human is discovered in Indonesia . Named Homo floresiensis , the Hominini hominin is a Dwarfing dwarf ed version that lived 18,000 years ago on the island of Flores . ref cite journal author Brown, P. coauthors Sutikna, T. Morwood, M. J. Soejono, R. P. Jatmiko, Wayhu Saptomo, E. Rokus Awe Due date October 27, 2004 title A new small bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia journal Nature journal Nature url http www.nature.com nature journal v431 n7012 full nature02999.html pmid 15514638 volume 431 issue 7012 doi 10.1038 nature02999 pages 1055 1061 ref Astronomy January 19 The Hubble Space Telescope Program receives notification of the cancellation of all further HST on orbit servicing. March 15 Astronomers announce the discovery last year of trans Neptunian object 90377 Sedna , one of the most distant objects in the Solar System . ref cite journal title Discovery of a Candidate Inner Oort Cloud Planetoid url http iopscience.iop.org 0004 637X 617 1 645 pdf 0004 637X 617 1 645.pdf author Michael E. Brown Brown, Michael E. coauthors Chad Trujillo Trujillo, Chadwick David L. Rabinowitz Rabinowitz, David journal The Astrophysical Journal bibcode 2004ApJ...617..645B date 10 December 2004 volume 617 pages 645 649 issue 1 arxiv astro ph 0404456 doi 10.1086 422095 accessdate 2011 10 27 ref April 19 Solar eclipse of April 19, 2004 Partial solar eclipse May 18 Scientists using the Chandra X ray Observatory announced their findings that supports the notion that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating universe accelerating . ref http chandra.harvard.edu photo 2004 darkenergy Chandra Photo Album Galaxy Clusters and Dark Energy 18 May 04 Bot generated title ref June 8 Transit of Venus across the Sun. September 13 Astronomers from the European Southern Observatory ESO announce images that a ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Homo antecessor fossil range Early Pleistocene , fossilrange 1.2 0.8 image Homo antecessor.jpg image width 200px conservation status EX regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata subphylum Vertebrate Vertebrata classis Mammal ia ordo Primate s subordo Haplorrhini parvordo Catarrhini superfamilia Hominoidea familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae tribus Hominini genus Homo genus Homo species H. antecessor binomial Homo antecessor binomial authority J. M. Bermudez de Castro Bermudez de Castro et al. , 1997 Homo antecessor is an extinct Homo human species or subspecies dating from 1.2 million to 800,000 years ago, that was discovered by Eudald Carbonell , Juan Luis Arsuaga and J. M. Berm dez de Castro. H. antecessor is one of the earliest known human varieties in Europe . Various archaeology archaeologists and anthropology anthropologists Who date September 2010 have debated how H. antecessor related to other Homo species in Europe, with suggestions that it was an evolutionary link between Homo ergaster H. ergaster and Homo heidelbergensis H. heidelbergensis , although Richard Klein believes that it was instead a separate species that evolved from H. ergaster . ref Klein, Richard. 2009. Hominin Disperals in the Old World in The Human Past , ed. Chris Scarre, 2nd ed., p. 108. ref Others Who date April 2010 believe that H. antecessor is in fact the same species as H. heidelbergensis , who inhabited Europe from 600,000 to 250,000 years ago in the Pleistocene . The best preserved fossil is a maxilla that belonged to a 10 year old individual found in Spain . Based on Paleomagnetism palaeomagnetic measurements, it is thought to be older than 780 857 Kiloannum ka . ref Falgu res, Christophe J. Bahain Y. Yokoyama, J. Arsuaga, J. Bermudez de Castro, E. Carbonell, J. Bischoff and J. Dolo 1999 Earliest humans in Europe the age of TD6 Gran Dolina, Atapuerca, Spain Journal of Human Evolution 37 3 4 343 352 351 . ref The average brain was 1,000 cm in volu ... more details
expert subject multiple Anthropology Taxonomy Primates date December 2009 Infobox is believed to conflict with the article s lead. Expert needed to clarify. Taxobox name Wushan Man status Fossil fossil range Pliocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Primates familia Hominidae subfamilia Homininae genus Homo species Homo erectus H. erectus subspecies H. e. wushanensis trinomial Homo erectus wushanensis Wushan Man zh c p W sh nr n, literally Shaman Mountain Man is a controversial taxon . Originally considered a subspecies of Homo erectus , it is now thought by one of the scientists, Russell Ciochon , that first described it to be based upon fossilized fragments of an extinct non Hominini hominin ape . ref name Ciochon ref Handwerk B. 2009 . http news.nationalgeographic.com news 2009 06 090617 early human ape mystery.html Early Human Is Ape After All, Discoverer Decides National Geographic News June 17, 2009 ref The remains that have become known as Wushan Man were found in 1985 in Longgupo literally Dragon Bone Slope which is an alternate English name for it , Zhenlongping Village, Miaoyu Town of Wushan County, Chongqing in the Three Gorges area of China convert 20 km south of the Yangtze River . ref name Huang Cite journal doi 10.1038 378275a0 last1 Huang first1 W last2 Ciochon first2 R last3 Gu first3 Y last4 Larick first4 R last5 Qiren first5 they smell F last6 Schwarcz first6 H last7 Yonge first7 C last8 de Vos first8 J last9 Rink first9 W. et al. year 1995 title Early Homo and associated artefacts from Asia url journal Nature volume 378 issue 6554 pages 275 8 pmid 7477345 ref They have been dated to around two million years ago. History of find The cave at Longgupo, Dragon Bone Slope, due the way the collapse of the cave s roof and walls shaped the above land. ref name Huang sup fig. 1 sup It was discovered as a site contain fossils in 1984 and then initially Excavation archaeology excavated by a team of Chinese scientists, led ... more details
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