A Cartesian monoid is a monoid , with additional structure of pairing and projection operators. It was first formulated by Dana Scott and Joachim Lambek independently. Definition A Cartesian monoid is a Structure mathematical logic structure with Signature logic signature math langle ,e, , ,L,R rangle math where math math and math , math are binary operations , math L, R math , and math e math are constants satisfying the following axioms for all math x,y,z math in its Domain of discourse universe Monoid math math is a monoid with identity math e math Left Projection math L x, ,y x math Right Projection math R x, ,y y math Surjective Pairing math L x, ,R x x math Right Homogeneity math x z, ,y z x, ,y z math The interpretation is that math L math and math R math are left and right projection functions respectively for the pairing function math , math . Category Mathematical logic ... more details
. Dissolution of the regional homogeneity in the Neolithic The area became culturally divided between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic subareas in the Neolithic period losing its homogeneity ... more details
Blend time , sometimes termed mixing time , is the time to achieve a predefined level of homogeneity of a Flow tracer tracer in a Static mixer mixing vessel . Blend time is an important parameter to evaluate the mixing efficiency of mixing devices. ref name Bai Bai, G., Armenante, P. M., Plank, R. V., Experimental and Computational Determination of Blend Time in USP Dissolution Testing Apparatus II, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 96, Issue 11, Pages 3072 3086, 2007 ref In order to make this definition valid, the tracer should be in the same physical Phase matter phase e.g. liquid as the bulk material. Blend time can be determined either with experiments or Mathematical model numerical modeling , such as computational fluid dynamics CFD . ref Campolo M, Soldati A. 2004. Numerical evaluation of blend time in a tank reactor stirred by a magnetically driven impeller. Ind Eng Chem Res 43 6836 6846. ref ref Yeoh SL, Papadakis G, Yianneskis M. 2005. Determination of blend time and degree of homogeneity in stirred vessels with large eddy simulation. Chem Eng Sci 60 2293 2302. ref The experimental methods to determine the blend time in liquid include conductivity method and discoloration method. ref name Bai ref Brown ARD, Jones NP, Middleton CJ, Papadopoulos G, Arik EB. 2004. Experimental methods. In Paul LE, Atiemo Obeng AV, Kresta MS, editors. Handbook of Industrial Mixing. Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chapter 4 ref The conductivity method requires a conductivity probe to present in the target system, which make it an intrusive method because the existence of the probe might change the mixing efficiency of the mixing device. Discoloration method does not require any probe which makes it a non intrusive method. However, the color detection device sometimes the human eye needs to be Calibration calibrated against the conductivity method. ref name Bai Both methods ... the modeling is completed, the blend time of any predetermined level of homogeneity of any location ... more details
of spatial homogeneity A homogeneous set of points in the plane is a set that is distributed such that approximately ... that lacks homogeneity is spatially clustered . A simple probability model for spatially homogeneous ... from spatial homogeneity. The K function technically its sample based estimate is defined as math ... more details
Magnesium aluminide is an intermetallic compound of magnesium and aluminium . Common phases molecular structures include the beta phase Mg sub 2 sub Al sub 3 sub and the gamma phase Mg sub 17 sub Al sub 12 sub , which both have cubic crystal system cubic crystal structures. Magnesium aluminides are important constituents of 5XXX aluminium alloys aluminium magnesium and magnesium aluminium alloys, determining many of their engineering properties. MgAl has also been investigated for use as a reactant to produce metal hydride s in hydrogen storage technology. Like many intermetallics, MgAl compounds often have unusual stoichiometry stoichiometries with large and complex crystal structure unit cells . References cite journal journal Intermetallics volume 11 pages 373 376 year 2003 title Extended Homogeneity Range of Intermetallic Phases in Mechanically Alloyed Mg Al Alloys author D. Singh, C. Suryanarayana, L. Mertus, and R H. Chen doi 10.1016 S0966 9795 03 00005 0 inorganic compound stub Magnesium compounds Category Alloys Category Aluminides Category Magnesium compounds ... more details
Shape factor can refer to one of number of values in physics , engineering , or image analysis . Typically, a shape factor refers to a value that is affected by an object s shape but is independent of its dimensions. In physics Shape factor, or shaping factor, a performance measure for filters such as band pass filter s Shape factor X ray diffraction The view factor in the field of radiative heat transfer Shape factor particle physics , denoting the ratio of a elementary particle particle s major dimension to its minor dimension In engineering Shape factor boundary layer flow Structural indices derived from falling weight deflectometer data Compensation for non homogeneity in a compressed or sheared piece is normally provided by a Shape Factor . It is Defined as the ratio between strained or transverse section and free or lateral area. Its usefulness in certain engineering disciplines is demonstrated by the effect which shape can have on the bending and fracture strength of materials tabulating these allows greater accuracy in gauging the usefulness of a material in a given situation. For example, a solid steel bar is very inefficient at resisting deflection and is very heavy for the strength it affords in certain situations, replacing it with an I beam will make for a more efficient design. The ratio between the moment capacity of a section at first yield and the moment capacity at a fully plasticity plastic state In image analysis Shape factor image analysis and microscopy including The compactness measure of a shape disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Wikify date November 2009 File Feed Mixer.jpg thumb Horizontal Ribbon Mixer taken in a Feed Mill. Feed mixers are used in Fodder feed mills for the mixing of feed ingredients and premixes. The mixer plays a vital role in the feed production process, with efficient mixing being the key to good feed production. If feed is not mixed properly, ingredients and nutrients will not be properly distributed with it comes time to extrude, pelletize the feed, or if the feed is to be used as mash. This means that the feed will not have even nutritional benefit would be bad for the animal fish shrimp that are feeding on the feed. Mixer types There are a number of different type of mixers used in the feed industry with the most widely used being Vertical Mixer Used in small farms, they consist of a vertical screw which takes material to the top where it falls back down again, and repeats that process to mix materials Horizontal Mixer Consisting of paddles or blades attached to a horizontal rotor, these mixers are normally mixer and can usually have a higher consistent homogeneity and short mixing times. See also Mixer wagon DEFAULTSORT Feed Mixer Category Agricultural machinery ru ... more details
enzyme Name fatty acyl ethyl ester synthase EC number 3.1.1.67 CAS number IUBMB EC number 3 1 1 67 GO code 0030339 image width caption In enzymology , a fatty acyl ethyl ester synthase EC number 3.1.1.67 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction a long chain fatty acyl ethyl ester H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math a long chain fatty acid ethanol Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are long chain fatty acyl ethyl ester and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are long chain fatty acid and ethanol . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is long chain fatty acyl ethyl ester acylhydrolase . This enzyme is also called FAEES . References reflist 1 cite journal author Mogelson S, Lange LG date 1984 title Nonoxidative ethanol metabolism in rabbit myocardium purification to homogeneity of fatty acyl ethyl ester synthase journal Biochemistry. volume 23 pages 4075&ndash 81 pmid 6487591 doi 10.1021 bi00313a010 issue 18 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.1.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
The Taub NUT vacuum is an exact solutions in general relativity exact solution to Einstein s equations , a model universe formulated in the framework of general relativity that is Homogeneity physics homogeneous but anisotropic . It is based on a solution published by Abraham Haskel Taub in 1951. ref A. H. Taub, Empty space times admitting a three parameter group of motions, Annals of Mathematics , second series, 53 , 3 May 1951 , 472 490, JSTOR 1969567 . ref and extended by harvs txt last2 Tamburino first2 L. last1 Newman first1 E. last3 Unti first3 T. title Empty space generalization of the Schwarzschild metric doi 10.1063 1.1704018 id MR 0152345 year 1963 journal Journal of Mathematical Physics issn 0022 2488 volume 4 pages 915 923 . References reflist Citation last2 Tamburino first2 L. last1 Newman first1 E. last3 Unti first3 T. title Empty space generalization of the Schwarzschild metric doi 10.1063 1.1704018 id MR 0152345 year 1963 journal Journal of Mathematical Physics issn 0022 2488 volume 4 pages 915 923 Category Exact solutions in general relativity T it Vuoto di Taub NUT ... more details
Multiple issues COI December 2010 pov check December 2010 unbalanced December 2010 The probabilistic voting theory , also known as the probabilistic voting model , is a voting theory developed by professor Melvin Hinich , which has gradually replaced the median voter theory , thanks to its ability to find an equilibrium in a multi dimensional space. This theory represents a break through in political economy literature and can be used to solve problems that were impossible to solve before. In fact, unlike the median voter theorem , what drives the equilibrium policy is both the numerosity and the density of social groups and not the median position of voters on a preference scale. This difference explains why social groups which have a great homogeneity of preferences are more politically powerful than those whose preferences are dispersed. Applications Political economy and public economics are the main fields where the probabilistic voting theory is applied. In particular, it was used to explain public expenditure programmes Persson & Tabellini, 2000 , social security systems Profeta, 2002 and taxation Hettich & Winer, 1999 and Canegrati, 2007 . full date November 2011 References Category Political economy Category Probabilistic models Category Voting theory ... more details
italictitle Infobox Journal cover File Catalysis Letters.jpg editor N. Kruse, G.A. Somorjai, J.M. Thomas discipline Chemistry abbreviation Catal. Lett. publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer country United States frequency biweekly history 1988 present openaccess impact 1.867 2008 website http www.springer.com journal 10562 link1 http www.springerlink.com content 1618 2642 link1 name online access link2 link2 name RSS http www.springerlink.com content 1618 2642?sortorder asc&export rss atom JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 1618 2642 eISSN 1572 879X Catalysis Letters is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal covering the science of catalysis in a wide range of sub disciplines such as Homogeneity and heterogeneity homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzyme enzymatic catalysis . Impact factor Catalysis Letters had a 2008 impact factor of 1.867 ranking the journal 56 of 113 in the Journal Citation Reports JCR category Physical chemistry Physical Chemistry . Category Chemistry journals Category Chemistry journals Category Publications established in 1988 Category Springer academic journals Category English language journals Category Biweekly journals de Catalysis Letters fr Catalysis Letters ... more details
The Perfect Cosmological Principle states that the Universe is homogeneity physics homogenous and isotropy isotropic in space and time. In this view the universe looks the same everywhere on the large scale , the same as it always has and always will. It is the principle underpinning steady state theory and emerging from Chaotic inflation theory . ref cite journal author Aguirre, Anthony and Gratton, Steven n title Inflation without a beginning A null boundary proposal journal Phys.Rev. D67 083515 year 2003 arxiv gr qc 0301042 bibcode 2003PhRvD..67h3515A doi 10.1103 PhysRevD.67.083515 ref ref cite journal author Aguirre, Anthony, and Gratton, Steven title Steady State Eternal Inflation journal Phys.Rev. D65 083507 year 2002 arxiv astro ph 0111191 bibcode 2002PhRvD..65h3507A doi 10.1103 PhysRevD.65.083507 ref ref cite web url http www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk home John Gribbin cosmo.htm title Inflation for Beginners author John Gribbin Gribbin, John ref The Perfect Cosmological Principle is an extension of the Cosmological Principle , which accepts that the universe changes its gross feature with time, but not across space. References reflist astronomy stub Category Physical cosmology et T ielik kosmoloogiline printsiip fr Principe cosmologique parfait it Principio cosmologico perfetto sk Dokonal kozmologick princ p ... more details
Multiple issues orphan November 2010 cleanup October 2009 confusing October 2009 Calcids is the accumulation of calcium carbonate in the soil . Background Calcids have a calcic or petrocaalcic horizon and have carbonated in the layers above. The parent materials are high in content of carbonate, or carbonates were added as dust, or both. Precipitation meteorology Precipitation has been insufficient to remove the carbonates or even more them to great depths. These soils are in the Western States. Most are used as rangeland or wild life habitat. Some are used as irrigated cropland. Suborders are subdivisions of orders that emphasize genetic homogeneity. The presence or absence of properties associated with wetness, climatic environment, major parent material, and vegetation. Aridisols are CaCO3 containing of arid regions that exhibit at least some subsurface horizon development. They are characterized by being dry most of the year and limited leaching. Aridisols contain subsurface horizon in which clays , calcium carbonate , silica , salts , and CaCO 3 tend to be leached from soils of moister climates. Aridisols are used mainly for range, wildlife , and recreation. Because of the dry climate in which they are found, they are not used for agricultural production unless irrigation water is available. Aridisols are divided into seven suborders Cryids, Salids, Durids, Gypsids, Argids, Calcids, and Cambids. ref Arizona.edu. International Arid Lands Consortium, 24 Nov. 1997. Web. 23 Oct. 2009. ref ref Soils.cals.uiidaho.edu. Dr. Paul McDaniel, 1975. Web. 23 Oct. 2009. ref References reflist Category Minerals ... more details
In probability theory and statistics , a sequence of statistical independence independent Bernoulli trial s with probability 1 2 of success on each trial is metaphorically called a fair coin . One for which the probability is not 1 2 is called a biased or unfair coin . In theoretical studies, the assumption that a coin is fair is often made by referring to an ideal coin . Some coins have been alleged to be unfair when spun on a table, but the results have not been substantiated or are not significant. cn date April 2012 There are statistical procedures for checking whether a coin is fair . Role in statistical teaching and theory The probabilistic and statistical properties of coin tossing games are often used as examplars in both introductory and advanced text books and these are mainly based in assuming that a coin is fair or ideal . For example, Feller ref name feller cite book author Feller, W date 1968 title An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications publisher Wiley isbn 0 471 25708 7 ref harv . ref uses this basis to introduce both the idea of random walk s and to develop tests for Homogeneity statistics homogeneity within a sequence of observations by looking at the properties of the runs of identical values within a sequence. The latter leads on to a Wald Wolfowitz runs test runs test . A time series consisting of the result from tossing a fair coin is called a Bernoulli process . Fair results from a biased coin If a cheat has altered a coin to prefer one side over another a biased coin , the coin can still be used for fair results by changing the game slightly. John von Neumann gave the following procedure cn date April 2012 Toss the coin twice. If the results match, start over, forgetting both results. If the results differ, use the first result, forgetting the second. The reason this process produces a fair result is that the probability of getting heads and then tails must be the same as the probability of getting tails and then heads, as ... more details
Infobox scientist name Richard A. Shore image Richard Shore.jpg image size caption birth date August 18, 1946 birth place death date death place residence citizenship USA nationality ethnicity field Mathematics work institutions Cornell University alma mater Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT doctoral advisor Gerald E. Sacks doctoral students known for influences influenced prizes religion footnotes Richard A. Shore is a professor of mathematics at Cornell University who works in recursion theory . He is particularly known for his work on math mathcal D math , the partial order of the Turing degrees . Shore settled the Rogers Homogeneity Conjecture by showing that there are Turing degrees math a math and math b math such that math mathcal D a math and math mathcal D b math , the structures of the degrees above math a math and math b math respectively, are not isomorphic. ref name Shore1979 cite journal author Shore, R.A. year 1979 title The homogeneity conjecture journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America volume 76 issue 9 pages 4218 4219 doi 10.1073 pnas.76.9.4218 pmid 16592707 pmc 411543 jstor 70054 ref In joint work with Theodore Slaman , Shore showed that the Turing jump is definable in math mathcal D math . ref name Shore1999 cite journal author Shore, R.A. coauthors Slaman, T.A. year 1999 title Defining the Turing jump journal Math. Res. Lett volume 6 issue 5 6 pages 711 722 url http www.mrlonline.org mrl 1999 006 006 1999 006 006 010.pdf accessdate 2008 07 14 ref References reflist External links http www.math.cornell.edu People Faculty shore.html Cornell Math Richard A. Shore . MathGenealogy id 34190 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Shore, Richard ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH August 18, 1946 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Shore, Richard Category Living people Category American mathematicians Category American logicians Category Cornell Univers ... more details
The Harmonised monitoring scheme is a long term river water quality environmental monitoring monitoring scheme in the United Kingdom . ref http archive.defra.gov.uk evidence statistics environment inlwater iwhmsdb.htm DEFRA Freshwater quality Harmonised Monitoring Scheme ref The term is also used to refer to the long term data set s produced by the scheme. Establishment The scheme was established in 1974 by the Department of the Environment with much of the initial planning and implementation undertaken by the Water Research Centre . It involved the creation of a network of sites across the UK. Most sites were at the downstream freshwater limits of the larger rivers although some of the largest rivers also included additional locations below major tributary confluences. Before inclusion of any location in the survey, homogeneity testing was carried out to characterise quality variations laterally and vertically within the river section chosen. For each designated point a specific sampling location was identified based on the results of the homogeneity exercise. In addition laboratories who were to undertake the analysis of samples were identified and a comprehensive Analytical quality control AQC exercise was conducted to ensure comparability of data derived from the monitoring programme. ref http pubs.rsc.org en Content ArticleLanding 1979 AN an9790400290 Analytical Quality Control in the Harmonised Monitoring Scheme ref Objectives The scheme was originally intended to operate for 10 years from 1974 to 1984 to provide date to the Department of the Environment to permit the identification of national trends in water quality. ref http dwi.defra.gov.uk research completed research reports dwi0224.pdf Co ordination of analytical control for DOE Harmonised monitoring scheme ref It was also intended to satisfy the acquirements of the EU decision on the exchange of monitoring data requirements. Operation The scheme is administered by the Environment Agency in England and W ... more details
Test of Cultural Homogeneity BITCH Main Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity Dr. Williams created the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity by drawing from a glossary of African ... more details
principle are Homogeneity physics homogeneity and isotropy . Homogeneity means that the same observational ... galaxies an apparent violation of homogeneity led to the discovery of Hubble flow , the metric expansion of space that occurs equally in all locations restoring homogeneity . The universe is now described ... physics, the cosmological principle is extended to assert the homogeneity of cosmological evolution ... discrete structures in the universe are in mechanical equilibrium . Homogeneity and isotropy ... more details
. The blended series for temperature and precipitation have also been tested for Homogeneity physics homogeneity European Climate Assessment and Dataset Quality control and homogeneity see below . Additional ... Document. ref name Albert Quality control and homogeneity Series of the best possible quality are provided ... lead to each data being flagged as either OK , suspect or missing and homogeneity testing results ... of the homogeneity tests for selecting appropriate series and time intervals since the useful .... Information on the specifics of quality control and homogeneity procedures can be found in the Algorithm ... www.knmi.nl publications fulltexts wijngaard 2003 copy1.pdf Homogeneity of 20th century European daily ... established testing procedure for daily climatological data as well as no accepted method to apply the homogeneity ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A dry media reaction or solid state reaction or solventless reaction is a chemical reaction system in the absence of a solvent . The drive for the development of dry media reactions in chemistry is economics save money on solvents ease of purification no solvent removal Work up chemistry post synthesis high reaction rate due to high concentration of reactants environmentally friendly solvent is not required , see green chemistry Drawbacks to overcome reactants should mix to a Homogeneity and heterogeneity homogeneous system high viscosity in reactant system unsuitable for solvent assisted chemical reactions In one type of solventless reaction a liquid reactant is used neat , for instance the reaction of naphthalene 1 bromonaphthalene with Lawesson s reagent is done with no added liquid solvent, but the 1 bromonaphthalene acts as a solvent. A reaction which is closer to a true solventless reaction is a Knoevenagel condensation of ketones with malononitrile where a 1 1 mixture of the two reactants and ammonium acetate is irradated in a microwave oven . Colin Raston s research group have been responsible for a number of new solvent free reactions. In some of these reactions all the starting materials are solids, they are ground together with some sodium hydroxide to form a liquid, which turns into a paste which then hardens to a solid. In another development the two components of an aldol reaction are combined together with the asymmetric catalyst S proline in a ball mill in a mechanosynthesis . The reaction product has 97 enantiomeric excess . A reaction rate acceleration is observed in several systems when a homogeneous solvent system is rapidly evaporated in a rotavap in a vacuum , one of them a Wittig reaction . The reaction goes to completion in 5 minutes with immediate evaporation whereas the same reaction in solution after the same 5 minutes dichloromethane has only 70 conversion and even after 24 hours some of the aldehyde remain ... more details
Merge inguinal hernia repair date January 2012 Interventions infobox Name Herniorrhaphy Image Surgical staples3.jpg Caption Surgical incision in groin after inguinal herniorrhaphy ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 53 MeshID OtherCodes Hernia repair refers to a Surgery surgical operation for the correction of a hernia a bulging of Viscus internal organs or Tissue biology tissues through a defect in the wall of a body cavity . Hernias can occur in many places, including the Umbilical hernia abdomen , Inguinal hernia groin , Diaphragmatic hernia diaphragm , Brain herniation brain , and at Incisional hernia the site of a previous operation . There are many different approaches to the surgical repair of hernias, including herniorrhaphy , hernioplasty , and herniotomy . Hernia repair is often performed as an Ambulatory care ambulatory procedure . Repair may correct inguinal hernia , femoral hernia , umbilical hernia , or other hernias. Techniques main Inguinal hernia repair An operation in which the hernia sac is removed without any repair of the inguinal canal is described as a herniotomy. When herniotomy is combined with a reinforced repair of the posterior inguinal canal wall with autotransplantation autogenous patient s own tissue or Homogeneity and heterogeneity heterogeneous material such as prolene mesh, it is termed hernioplasty as opposed to herniorrhaphy, in which no autogenous or heterogeneous material is used for reinforcement. Citation needed date June 2011 External links http www.medscape.com viewarticle 535575 American College of Surgeons article on Open Hernia Repair http www.medscape.com viewarticle 535576 American College of Surgeons article on Laparoscopic Hernia Repair http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc articles PMC2719730 ?tool pubmed European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients. http www.hernia.net.au Melbourne Hernia Clinic http www.shakahara.com hernia surgery methods.html Surgery Methods, Inguinal Hernia, Description, Comp ... more details
regimes, there must be social homogeneity and political consensus among the deep social ... have created homogeneity among their plural societies, as like idealize British society. But Geberial ... homogeneity, but there is cultural homogeneity. He argues that, non western countries would ... more details
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