refImprove date November 2011 Expert subject History date November 2011 Horology from lang el wikt , hour, time and lang el , logos , study, speech lit. the study of time is the art or science of measuring time . Clocks , watches , clockwork , sundial s, Water clock clepsydras , timer s, time recorder s and marine chronometer s are all examples of Measuring instrument instrument s used to measure time . People interested in horology are called horologists . That term is used both by people who deal professionally with timekeeping apparatus watchmakers, clockmakers , as well as aficionados and scholars of horology. Horology and horologists have numerous organizations, both professional associations and more scholarly societies. Horological museums and libraries Horology has a long history timefact date November 2011 and there are many museums and several specialized libraries devoted to the subject. An example is the Royal Greenwich Observatory , which is also the source of the Prime Meridian longitude 0 0 0 , and the home of the first marine timekeepers accurate enough to determine longitude made by John Harrison . Other horological museums in the London area include the Clockmakers Museum , and the horological collections at the British Museum , the Science Museum London and at the Wallace Collection . One of the more comprehensive museums dedicated to horology is the Mus e international d horlogerie in La Chaux de fonds La Chaux de Fonds Switzerland . The Mus e d Horlogerie du Locle is a bit smaller but located nearby. One of the better horological museums in Germany ..., http www.fhs.ch berner ?l en Illustrated Professional Dictionary of Horology , Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry FH 1961 2012 External links Wiktionary horology http www.awci.com American Watchmakers ... & Clocks Collectors USA http www.patentgenius.com class 968.html Horology Patents http www.gutenberg.org ... HorologyHorology Category Time measurement ar cy Horologiaeth de Uhrenindustrie ... more details
mergeto Movement clockwork discuss Talk movement clockwork Merger proposal date January 2012 In horology , caliber is used to refer to the specific internal mechanism of a watch or clock, also known as a movement clockwork movement . Although the term originally was only used to refer to the size of a movement, it is now used to designate a specific model although the same caliber can be used in many different watches or clocks . Different watch manufacturers tend to use their own identification system to number their calibers. ref cite web title Calibre work Glossary of the Fondation de la Haute Horlogerie publisher Fondation de la Haute Horlogerie year 2012 url http www.hautehorlogerie.org en glossary calibre 85 accessdate 2012 01 22 ref Reference & External Links Reflist Category Horology measurement stub fr Calibre horlogerie ... more details
cleanup date September 2009 unreferenced date September 2009 Image Watch mainspring barrel.png thumb Watch going barrel. Used in mechanical watch es and clock s, a barrel is a cylindrical metal box closed by a cover, with a ring of gear teeth around it, containing a spiral spring called the mainspring , which provides power to run the timepiece. The barrel turns on an arbor axle . The spring is hooked to the barrel at its outer end and to the arbor at its inner end. The barrel teeth engage the first pinion of the wheel train horology wheel train of the watch, usually the center wheel. Barrels rotate slowly for a watch mainspring barrel, the rate is usually one rotation every 8 hours. Types of barrels Plain Barrel i.e. without teeth, used in fusee horology fusee watches and clocks. A chain, or cord, was wound around the plain barrel, connecting it to the fusee. Going barrel the form used in modern watches, is wound by turning the arbor and drives the watch movement by a ring of teeth around the barrel. This enables the mainspring to continue running the watch while it is being wound. Invented by Jean Antoine L pine . Hanging Barrel a version of the going barrel that to save space is supported by the movement only at its upper end. Motor or safety barrel used in pocketwatch es around 1900, a reverse variant of the going barrel in which the spring is wound by turning the barrel, and turns the watch movement by the central arbor. The purpose of this arrangement was that if the spring breaks, destructive recoil forces would not be applied to the vulnerable gear train . External links http fhs.ch en glossary.php?PHPSESSID 6f6571e99b125238ac18a59f24bff8f5 FH Glossary Category Clocks ... more details
Time of sunrise Easter date calculators Repeater horology Quarter repeater Repeater horology Five ... and standards timezones Category Horology Category Watches de Komplikation Uhrwerk fr Complication ... more details
Horological 20Timeline.html accessdate 2007 10 10 , author is Curator of Horology at the British ... is coiled around a stationary axle arbor , inside a cylindrical box, the Barrel horology ... on the fusee drives the movement s wheel train horology wheel train , usually the center wheel. There is a Ratchet ... precision was needed, until they became obsolete in the 1970s. Commons and category Fusee horology ... watches that still exist and documents that refer to the watchmaker DEFAULTSORT Fusee Horology Category Clocks Category Horology Category Watches de Schnecke Uhr ... more details
A repeater is a Complication horology complication in a mechanical watch or clock that audibly chimes the hours and often minutes at the press of a button. There are many types of repeater, from the simple repeater which merely strikes the number of hours, to the minute repeater which chimes the time down to the minute, using separate tones for hours, quarter hours, and minutes. They originated before widespread artificial illumination, to allow the time to be determined in the dark, ref name OldAndSold1 cite web title Repeater Clock work Encyclopedia of Antiques publisher Old and Sold Antique Marketplace url http www.oldandsold.com articles02 clocks r.shtml accessdate 2008 04 20 ref and were also used by the visually impaired . Now they are mostly valued as expensive novelties by watch and clock enthusiasts. Repeaters should not be confused with striking clock s or watches, which do not strike on demand, but merely at regular intervals. History File Louis Brandt 13 in. watch 1892.jpg thumb 150px The 13 in. watch by Louis Brandt 1892 was the first wristwatch with a minute repeater. The repeating clock was invented by the English cleric and inventor, the Reverend Edward Barlow in 1676. ref name Milham1 cite book last Milham first Willis I. title Time and Timekeepers year 1945 publisher MacMillan location New York isbn 0780800087 p.206 ref His innovation was the rack and snail striking mechanism, which could be made to repeat easily and became the standard mechanism used in both clock and watch repeaters ever since. The best kind of repeating clocks were expensive to make a separate train of wheels had to be added to the striking mechanism, to activate it one pulled a cord whereupon it would strike the hours and quarters, or even the hours and five minute divisions five minute ... from Antiquarian Horology originally published in parts from September 1965 to June 1966 . Manfred ... in an anechoic chamber . Footnotes reflist DEFAULTSORT Repeater Horology Category Horology Category ... more details
The BHI horology course is the de facto standard qualification in the United Kingdom UK for those repairing clocks and pocket watch es. Designed and moderated by the British Horological Institute BHI , the course consists of three years part time study and aims to provide students with a basic competence in both practical and theoretical horology . Upon successful completion of the course candidates are awarded British Horological Institute Membership graduate membership of the BHI, entitling them to append the letters Grad. BHI to their name. Alternative qualifications There are few alternative qualifications available in the UK. One such is the WOSTEP standing for Watchmakers of Switzerland Training and Educational Programme course, which trains people in the repair of fine quality watches. Another course is the Restoration and Conservation of Antique Clocks offered at the West Dean College of fine art and craft. This latter course is considered to be much more challenging than the BHI course indeed it would seem that the BHI course or an equivalent skill level is an unofficial prerequisite. See also WOSTEP British Horological Institute External links http www.bhi.co.uk training.htm BHI course information http www.bhi.co.uk repairer.html BHI list of approved repairers UK edu stub Category Horology Category Educational qualifications in the United Kingdom ... more details
In horology , a wheel train or just train is the gear train of a mechanical watch or clock . ref name Britannica cite web title Mechanical clock p.3 The wheelwork work Encyclopaedia Britannica online publisher Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. date 2008 url http original.britannica.com eb article 258097 clock format doi accessdate 2008 07 06 ref Although the term is used for other types of gear trains, the long history of mechanical timepieces has created a traditional terminology for their gear trains which is not used in other applications of gear s. Watch movement clockwork movement s are very standardized, and the wheel trains of most watches have the same parts. The wheel trains of clocks are a little more varied, with different numbers of wheels depending on the type of clock and how many hours the clock runs between windings the going . ref cite book last Milham first Willis I. title Time and Timekeepers date 1945 publisher MacMillan location New York pages p.178 isbn 0780800087 ref However, the wheel trains of clocks and watches share the same terminology, and are similar enough that they can be described together. The large gears in timepieces are generally called wheels , the smaller gears they mesh with large to small, large to small are called pinion s, and the shafts that the wheels and pinions are mounted on are called arbors . ref http original.britannica.com eb article 258097 clock Britannica 2008 ref The wheels are mounted between the plates of the movement clockwork movement , with the pivots rotating in holes in the plates. The pivot holes have semicircular depressions around them, called oil cups, to hold the oil in contact with the shaft by capillary action. There are several wheel trains in a typical clock or watch Going train The going train is the main gear train of the timepiece. It consists of the wheels that transmit the force of the timepiece s power ... on the mainspring barrel horology barrel in watches and spring driven clocks, and by the weight pulley ... more details
A reference clock may refer to the following A master clock used as a timekeeping standard to regulate or compare the accuracy of other clocks In electronics and computing, the clock signal used to synchronise and schedule operations disambig Category Clocks Category Synchronization Category Horology de Hauptuhr ... more details
lowercase title alt.horology The alt.horology Usenet newsgroup concerns all aspects of horology the science of time and timekeeping , clocks and watches . Those posting to it range from novices to collectors to professional watchmakers and clockmakers . Origin This newsgroup was started by Ian Crocker in the United Kingdom during November 1994, as a response to the absence of any newsgroup covering this subject at the time. Early objections to this newsgroup noted that the rec.antiques or sci.physics discussion could support horology discussions, but the creation of alt.horology prevailed. The original intent was only to support the discussion of clocks, watches and time measuring devices. ref cite web url http www.ubr.com clocks newsgrp althor.html title alt.horology Newsgroup accessdate 2008 02 10 publisher UBR, Inc. year 2007 ref Since 1994 the newsgroup has experienced increased activity each year, and now serves as the only active newsgroup and reliable Usenet source of information on horology , watches , and clocks . References Reflist Category Newsgroups Category Horology ... more details
Fusee , or fus e , can mean A component of a clock see Fusee horology The pyrotechnic device which is also called a Flare pyrotechnic flare . An old word for flintlock rifle See also Fuser disambiguation disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2007 Horometry is the art , practice or method by which time is measured in hour s or by smaller units. By this account, a horometer instrument horometer lang el hour meter is an instrument that measures time. See also Horology Time Topics Time measurement and standards Category Time measurement measurement stub ... more details
Orphan date December 2008 File Radiomircalifornia.jpg thumb right A California dial watch In watch making, or horology , a California dial refers to a clock face that consists of half Roman numeral Roman usually 10 o clock to 2 o clock and half Arabic numeral s usually 4 o clock to 8 o clock . Sometimes the hours of 3, 6, and 9 are replaced with a dash instead of a numeral and an inverted triangle in place of the 12. The use of this dial style dates back to the 1930s, for example in early Rolex es, Panerai Marina Militare and Kampfschwimmer diver s watches. A number of Rolexes were refurbished by a company based in California using this style of dial, and resulting in the name California dial . References reflist http watchinghorology.com 2007 03 california.html Measurement stub Category horology ... more details
unreferenced date November 2009 Revolution in Time Clocks and the Making of the Modern World , is an influential history book by David Landes David S. Landes . Its focus is on the history of the measure of time and its interdependence with the sociocultural evolution evolution of the various civilisations over the centuries. The book was first published in 1983 by Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press hardback ISBN 0 674 76800 0, paperback ISBN 0 674 76802 7 and has been expanded in its second edition, published in 2000 ISBN 0 674 00282 2, copyright 1983, 2000 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. The book deals with innovation s and invention s that brought about modernization and technological developments in timekeeping in the whole world. It is considered to be one of the preeminent works on the history of horology . Category 1983 books Category 2000 books Category Horology hist book stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Jonathan Betts born 29 January 1955 is Senior Specialist in horology at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich Royal Observatory National Maritime Museum , Greenwich, a horological scholar and author, and an expert on the first marine chronometer marine timekeepers created by John Harrison in the middle of the 18th century. From a family of retail watchmakers and jewellers, he took the British Horological Institute finals in technical horology in 1975 he was awarded the Tremayne National Prize for Practical Watchmaking. For the following five years, he practised as a self employed horology conservator. In 1980 he was appointed Senior Horology Conservator at the National Maritime Museum and in 1989 was presented the museum s Callender Award for his contribution to horological conservation. He was appointed Curator of Horology in 1990 and became Senior Specialist in 2001. He is the biographer of Rupert Gould , the restorer of the Harrison timekeepers. The biography was published in 2006 by Oxford University Press under the title Time Restored The Harrison Timekeepers and RT Gould, the Man Who Knew Almost Everything . In 2002 he was awarded the Clockmakers Company s Harrison Gold Medal and the British Horological Institute s Barett Medal in 2008, and is a Huntington Fellow at the Mariners Museum, Newport News, Virginia. He is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, of the British Horological Institute , and of the International Institute of Conservation. He lives in Greenwich . References Betts 2006 Time Restored , Oxford University Press, Authors Preface. Website National Maritime Museum, Staff Biographies http www.nmm.ac.uk about the organization staff profiles curatorial jonathan betts . Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Betts, Jonathan ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 29 January 1955 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Betts, Jonathan Category Living people Category 1955 births Category People ... more details
The British Horological Institute also known as the BHI is the representative body of the horology horological industry in the United Kingdom . History The BHI was founded in 1858 by a small group of clockmaker s. ref name BHIAbout http www.bhi.co.uk BHI official website ref Their aim was to unify the British horological industry and trades in the face of large numbers of imports of clocks and watches from abroad. The Institute was an immediate success and within a year it had founded its own museum and library it also began to offer evening classes in clock and watch making. ref name BHIAbout The journal of the Institute is the Horological Journal , which has been published since September 1858. ref cite web url http www.bhi.co.uk hj.html title Horological Journal publisher British Horological Institute accessdate 2009 09 08 ref The BHI today The current premises of the BHI are at Upton Hall in Nottinghamshire , England . Its primary role is that of education, providing a standardised set of examinations for training horologists. ref name BHIAbout It also maintains http www.bhi.co.uk repairer.html a list of members whom it considers sufficiently qualified to repair clocks and watches , and who adhere to a strict http www.bhi.co.uk code.htm code of practice . It publishes the Horological Journal monthly, the oldest continuously published technical journal in the country. It contains details of anything and everything relevant to horology and horologists. Membership The Institute ... with an interest in horology may subscribe as a member Full Membership Full membership is open to graduate ... make a contribution to the field of horology deemed to be of exceptional value. Note this has not always ... specialised library libraries dealing primarily with horology . It is open to researchers by appointment ... dealing with the high points of British horology in the 18th and early 19th century, but its catalogue ... of the BHI. BHI horology course References references External links http www.bhi.co.uk ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 Comadur is a Switzerland Swiss manufacturing company, based in the town of Le Locle , near La Chaux de Fonds . It is part of the Swatch Group and specializes in producing jewel bearing stones, sapphire crystals and ceramic components for the watch making industry. External links http www.comadur.ch Comadur web site Category Companies of Switzerland Category Horology manufacturing company stub Switzerland stub fr Comadur ru Comadur ... more details
lang fr Manufacture d horlogerie meaning watchmaking manufacturer is a French horological term of art that is also used in English language English . In horology , the term is usually encountered in its abbreviated form manufacture . This term of art is used when describing either a wrist watch Movement clockwork movement watchworks fabricator or its products. The term is specifically reserved for those fabricators which make all or most of the parts required for their products in their own production facilities as opposed to assembling watches using parts purchased from other firms. Definition The Dictionnaire professionnel illustree de l horlogerie The Illustrated Professional Dictionary of the Watchmaking Industry defines manufacture as follows blockquote In the Swiss watch industry the term manufacture is used of a factory in which watches are manufactured almost completely, as distinct from an atelier de terminage , which is concerned only with assembling, timing, fitting the hands and casing. ref Berner, Dictionnaire professionnel illustree de l horlogerie ref blockquote The concept of List of watch manufactures manufacture in the Swiss watch making industry refers to any firm that at least designs Caliber horology calibre s, produces the movements parts thereof called bauche Horology bauches , and assembles them into watches. For example, a company that does not manufacture crystals the watch glass or hairspring s may still be regarded as a manufacture . ref http montresuisses.blogspot.com 2005 08 terms of art 25.html Terms of art manufacture ref See also List of watch manufactures Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry References reflist Category Watches Category Horology Category Economy of Switzerland Category French words and phrases de Uhrenmanufaktur es Manufactura relojes nl Manufactuur horloge ja ... more details
about Damascened steel Damascus steel technique of inlaying metals Damascening File Watch damaskeening.jpg thumb A watch with damaskeening In horology , damaskeening is decorative patterning on a watch movement . The term damaskeening is used in America, while in Europe the terms used are Fausses C tes , C tes de Gen ve or Geneva Stripes . Such patterns are made from very fine scratches made by rose engine lathe using small disks, polishing wheels or ivory laps. These patterns look similar to the results of a spirograph or Guilloch engraving. Damaskeening was first used in America around 1868 1869 by the U.S. Watch Co of Marrion and later spread to most other American watch manufacturers. Two tone damaskeening can be created by applying a thin plating of gold and then having the damaskeening scrape through the gold outer layer and into the nickel plate, or simply creating damaskeening on the gold layer. This creates patterns with two colors. References Complete Watch Guide , by Cooksey Shugart, Tom Engle, Richard E. Gilbert, Edition 1998, ISBN 1 57432 064 5 Category Watches Category Horology decorative art stub ... more details
manuals related to horology. Publications Originally, starting in 1950, the DGC published a Jahrbuch ... has an active program of scanning historic periodicals and other publications on horology and making ... External links http www.dg chrono.de DGC website Category Horology Category Collecting Category ... more details
name horology The watch used by the business was a John Arnold pocket chronometer No. 485 786, nicknamed .... When Ruth died, the watch was left to the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers . ref name horology ... to gain business. ref name horology The speech was published in The Times newspaper, but the article ... to do was to give her free advertising. ref name Houston ref name horology References Reflist Persondata ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The National Watch and Clock Library is one of the world s pre eminent libraries devoted to horology and is located in Columbia, Pennsylvania , USA . It is operated by the National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors for the benefit of both the public and the members of the association. It is a sister institution to the National Watch and Clock Museum . The library is open to the public, who may use the collection on the premises. Books are only lent to members of the NAWCC. The collection The collection covers material on timekeeping, time and timekeepers in a dozen different languages. In addition to its book collection of about 10,000 titles some of them dating back to the 16th century , the library has over 1,000 different videos both VCR and DVD formats , a comprehensive collection of horological periodicals both current and historic from around the world, many thousands of historic catalogs of watches and clocks, as well as quantities of archival material chronicling the history of timekeepers, including the research papers of many prominent American horological scholars of the past. Sister organisations Sister public institutions serving similar purposes include The Library of the Clockmaker s Company at Guildhall, London , United Kingdom , The Library of the British Horological Institute, in Upton, Newark on Trent , United Kingdom, The Library of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Chronometrie in Nuernberg , in Nuremberg, Germany and The Library at the Mussee Internationale d Horlogerie in La Chaux de Fonds, Switzerland . External links http nawcc.org Library library.htm National Watch and Clock Library and Research Center http www.nawcc.org National Association of Watch & Clocks Collectors Category Horology ... more details
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