pp semi protected small yes pp move indef Two other uses the chemistry of hydrogen the physics of atomic hydrogenHydrogen atom other meanings Hydrogen disambiguation Infobox hydrogenHydrogen IPAc en ... E.S.C. chapter Hydrogen title Oxford English Dictionary edition 2nd volume 7 publisher Clarendon Press ... u val 1.007825 u atomic mass unit u for hydrogen 1 , hydrogen is the lightest and abundance of the chemical ... elemental mass. ref cite web last Palmer first D. title Hydrogen in the Universe url http imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov ... dark matter and dark energy . ref Non stellar remnant remnant star s are mainly composed of hydrogen in its plasma physics plasma state. Naturally occurring elemental hydrogen is relatively rare on Earth. The most common isotope of hydrogen is hydrogen 1 protium name rarely used, symbol sup 1 sup H ... sup . The latter cation is written as though composed of a bare proton, but in reality, hydrogen cations in ionic compound s always occur as more complex species. Hydrogen forms compounds with most ... between soluble molecules. As the simplest atom known, the hydrogen atom has been of theoretical ... of the energetics and bonding of the hydrogen atom played a key role in the development of quantum mechanics . Hydrogen gas now known to be H sub 2 sub was first artificially produced in the early ... to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, ref Cite episode title Discovering the Elements ... water former. At standard temperature and pressure , hydrogen is a Transparency optics colorless , odorless ... of natural gas, and less often from more energy intensive hydrogen production methods like the electrolysis of water . ref cite web title Hydrogen Basics Production url http www.fsec.ucf.edu en consumer hydrogen basics production.htm publisher Florida Solar Energy Center year 2007 accessdate 2008 02 05 ref Most hydrogen is employed near its production site, with the two largest uses being .... Hydrogen is a concern in metallurgy as it can hydrogen embrittlement embrittle many metals, ref ... more details
saved book title Hydrogen subtitle An overview cover image Hydrogen.svg cover color okoko Hydrogen An overview Overview Hydrogen Antihydrogen Hydrogen atom Hydrogen like atom Hydrogen spectral series Liquid hydrogen Solid hydrogen Metallic hydrogen Nascent hydrogen Isotopes Isotopes of hydrogen Deuterium Tritium Spin isomers of hydrogen Reactions Bosch reaction Hydrogen cycle Hydrogenation Dehydrogenation Transfer hydrogenation Hydrogenolysis Hydron chemistry Hydron Sabatier reaction Risks Hydrogen damage Hydrogen embrittlement Hydrogen leak testing Hydrogen safety Fuel Timeline of hydrogen technologies Biohydrogen Hydrogen production Hydrogen infrastructure Hydrogen line Hydrogen purity Category Wikipedia books on natural sciences Category Wikipedia books on chemical elements Category Hydrogen Wikipedia books on elements ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A Hydrogen Analyzer is a device used to measure the hydrogen concentration in steel s and alloy s. It also has industrial applications for Corrosion Monitoring . See also Hydrogen embrittlement Hydrogen sensor Hydrogen leak testing DEFAULTSORT Hydrogen Analyzer Category Hydrogen technologies Category Metallurgical processes Chem stub ... more details
wiktionarypar hydrogen Commons hydrogenHydrogen is a chemical element. Hydrogen may also refer to Hydrogen atom Hydrogen ion Hydrogen software , drum machine software Hydrogen vehicle Isotopes of hydrogen Deuterium Hydrogen 2 deuterium Tritium Hydrogen 3 tritium Hydrogen 4 Hydrogen 5 See also Hydrogen economy disambig es Hidr geno desambiguaci n gl Hidr xeno hom nimos nl Waterstof ... more details
Hydrogen ATPase commonly refers to Hydrogen potassium ATPase , the gastric proton pump. V ATPase , the synaptic vesicle transporter. Disambig ... more details
Infobox compressed hydrogen Compressed hydrogen CGH sub 2 sub or CGH2 is the gaseous state of the element hydrogen kept under pressure . Compressed hydrogen in hydrogen tank s at 350 Bar unit bar 5,000 psi and 700 bar 10,000 psi is used for mobile hydrogen storage in hydrogen vehicle s. ref http www.fsec.ucf.edu en consumer hydrogen basics documents task2 gaseous h2.pdf Compressed Hydrogen Storage ref It is used as a fuel gas . Infrastructure Compressed hydrogen is used in hydrogen pipeline transport and in compressed hydrogen tube trailer transport. See also Cryo adsorption Gas compressor Gasoline gallon equivalent Hydrogen compressor Liquid hydrogen Liquefaction of gases Metallic hydrogen Slush hydrogen Standard cubic foot Timeline of hydrogen technologies References Reflist added above External links Sources by script assisted edit External links http www.ieahia.org pdfs Compressed Hydrogen Infrastructure.pdf COMPRESSED HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM CH sub 2 sub IP Category Hydrogen physics Category Hydrogen technologies Category Hydrogen storage Category Fuel gas Category Gases es Hidr geno comprimido Sci stub ... more details
A hydrogen valve is a special type of valve that is used for hydrogen at very low temperatures or high pressures in hydrogen storage or for example hydrogen vehicles . Image Inconel Tilting disc check valve The Alloy Valve Stockist.JPG 180px right thumb Inconel tilting disc check valve for hydrogen service. Types High pressure ball valve s up to 6000 psig 413 Bar unit bar at 250 degrees F 121 degrees C and flow coefficients from 4.0 to 13.8. ref http findarticles.com p articles mi m0EIN is 2004 August 23 ai n6165031 Hydrogen ball valve ref Material Valve s used in industrial hydrogen and oxygen applications, such as petrochemical processes, are often made of inconel . See also Diaphragm valve Gate valve Hydrogen tank Commons category Inconel valves Inconel valves position left References reference External links http www.ika.rwth aachen.de r2h index.php Hydrogen Valve Hydrogen valve DEFAULTSORT Hydrogen Valve Category Valves Category Hydrogen technologies ar ... more details
Slush hydrogen is a combination of liquid hydrogen and solid hydrogen at the triple point with a lower temperature and a higher density than liquid hydrogen . It is formed by bringing liquid hydrogen down to nearly the melting point 14.01 kelvin K or 259.14 C that increases density by 16 20 as compared to liquid hydrogen. ref http gltrs.grc.nasa.gov cgi bin GLTRS browse.pl?1995 TM 106863.html A summary of Slush hydrogen ref It is proposed as a rocket fuel in place of liquid hydrogen in order to improve tankage and thus reduce the dry weight of the vehicle. ref http www.astronautix.com props airshlh2.htm Density ref Production The continuous freeze technique used for slush hydrogen involves pulling a continuous vacuum over triple point liquid and using a solid hydrogen mechanical ice breaker to disrupt the surface of the freezing hydrogen. ref http ntrs.nasa.gov archive nasa casi.ntrs.nasa.gov 19970026089 1997043543.pdf Comparison of the continuous freeze slush hydrogen production ref ref http ntrs.nasa.gov archive nasa casi.ntrs.nasa.gov 19780018251 1978018251.pdf Producing Liquid Solid Mixtures of Hydrogen Using an Auger ref ref http ntrs.nasa.gov archive nasa casi.ntrs.nasa.gov 19690017064 1969017064.pdf 1966 Preparation and characterization of slush hydrogen and nitrogen gels ref Fuel density 0.085 g cm sup 3 sup Melting point Freezing Point 259 Celsius C Boiling Point 259 Celsius C See also colbegin 2 Compressed hydrogenHydrogen safety Metallic hydrogen Timeline of hydrogen technologies Liquefaction of gases colend References reflist 2 Category Hydrogen physics Category Hydrogen technologies Category Hydrogen storage Category Liquid fuels Category Rocket fuels Category Coolants Category Cryogenics fr Hydrog ne p teux nl Slush waterstof ... more details
Infobox ship begin Infobox ship image Ship image Image Hydrogen challenger hg.jpg center 300px Hydrogen Challenger Ship caption Infobox ship career Hide header Ship caption Ship flag Flag Germany Ship name Hydrogen Challenger Ship launched 1967 Ship commissioned Infobox ship characteristics Hide header Header caption Ship displacement Ship length 216 ft 6 in 66 m Ship beam Ship complement Hydrogen Challenger is a 66 metre 216 6 refitted coastal tanker for mobile hydrogen production , it is fitted with a vertical axis wind turbine that generates electricity for the electrolysis of water to fill the hydrogen storage hydrogen tank tanks . The total storage and transportation capacity is 1,194 m 42,000 ft sup 3 sup , it is stationed in the German Bight or near Helgoland where the most wind is and docks in Bremerhaven where the produced hydrogen is delivered to the market. History Expand section date June 2008 The conversion scheme was completed by the end of 2004. ref http www.fuelcellsworks.com Supppage1238.html 66 m ref See also Hydrogen ship Hydrogen vehicle References Reflist External links http www.hydrogen challenger.de Website Category Hydrogen ships Category 1967 ships ship stub de Hydrogen Challenger it Hydrogen Challenger nl Hydrogen Challenger ... more details
Hydrogen purity or hydrogen quality is a term to describe the lack of impurities in hydrogen as a fuel gas . The purity requirement varies with the application, for example a H sub 2 sub Internal combustion engine ICE can tolerate low hydrogen purity where a hydrogen fuel cell requires high hydrogen purity to prevent catalyst poisoning . ref http www.nrel.gov docs fy07osti 41541.pdf 2007 DOE Hydrogen Fuel Quality ref High purity hydrogen In the first generation of fuel cell s catalyst s like palladium , ruthenium and platinum are used in combination with hydrogen production from hydrocarbons which results in performance degradation. The catalyst poisoning induced by carbon monoxide , formic acid , or formaldehyde can be reversed with a high purity hydrogen stream. Sulfur dioxide is problematic ref http www.ottawapolicyresearch.ca OPRA Brief H2PurityDetectionMonitoring.pdf Issues in hydrogen purity detection and monitoring ref See also Glossary of fuel cell terms Katharometer References reflist External links http www.fuelcellstandards.com H2Quality.ppt H2 Quality http www1.eere.energy.gov hydrogenandfuelcells pdfs fp workshop smith.pdf 2004 Hydrogen Purity Standard http www1.eere.energy.gov hydrogenandfuelcells pdfs fuel purity notes.pdf 2004 Fuel Purity Specifications Workshop DEFAULTSORT Hydrogen Purity Category Hydrogen Category Hydrogen technologies ... more details
Refimprove date August 2011 Cleanup date August 2011 A hydrogen infrastructure is the infrastructure of pipes and stations for distribution and sale of hydrogen fuel. Network Hydrogen pipeline transport Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a Pipe material pipe as part of the hydrogen infrastructure. Hydrogen pipeline transport is used to connect the point of hydrogen production or delivery of hydrogen with the point of demand, pipeline transport costs are similar to Compressed ... Compressorless Hydrogen Transmission Pipelines ref the technology is proven, ref http www1.eere.energy.gov hydrogenandfuelcells pdfs hpwgw airprod remp.pdf DOE Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group Workshop ref however most hydrogen is produced on the place of demand with every convert 50 to 100 mi km 0 ... Every convert 50 to 100 mi km 0 ref As of 2004 there are convert 900 mi km 0 of low pressure hydrogen ... believes that U.S. counties have the potential to produce more renewable hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles ... fy07osti 41134.pdf Potential for Hydrogen Production from Key Renewable Resources in the United States . National Renewable Energy Laboratory , February 2007, accessed August 2, 2011 ref Hydrogen stations and hydrogen highways Hydrogen station s which are not situated near a hydrogen pipeline get supply via hydrogen tank s, compressed hydrogen tube trailer s, liquid hydrogen trailer s, liquid hydrogen ... to make your own hydrogen for use in the car at home. ref http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi technology 7496644.stm Running on home brewed hydrogen ref A hydrogen highway is a chain of hydrogen equipped Hydrogen station filling station s and other infrastructure along a road or highway which allow hydrogen vehicle s to travel. South Carolina also has a hydrogen freeway in the works when date December 2010 . There are currently when date December 2010 two hydrogen fueling stations, both in Aiken and Columbia ... such as Charleston, Myrtle Beach, Greenville, and Florence. According to the South Carolina Hydrogen ... more details
A hydrogen tanker is a tank ship designed for transporting Liquid hydrogen liquefied hydrogen . Research The World Energy Network research program of the Japanese New Sunshine Project was divided into 3 phases ref http www.enaa.or.jp WE NET newinfo station taka e.html Phase 3 Development of Fundamental Technologies in the Safe Utilization of Hydrogen ref during the period 1993 to 2002, its goal was to study the distribution of liquid hydrogen with hydrogen tankers ref http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6V3F 3SYS0MN 6& user 10& rdoc 1& fmt & orig search& sort d&view c& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 86cc9ad24003f18d297cd66835f5cd30 1998 Studies of the large scale sea transportation of liquid hydrogen ref based on the LNG carrier technology of self supporting tank designs such as the prismatic and spherical tank. Further research on maritime transport of hydrogen was done in the development for safe utilization and infrastructure of hydrogen project 2003 2007 . ref http www.nedo.go.jp kankobutsu pamphlets kouhou 2007gaiyo e 79 86.pdf Development for safe utilization and infrastructure of hydrogen ref Similar to an LNG carrier the boil off gas can be used for propulsion of the ship. See also Euro Quebec hydro hydrogen project Hydrogen ship Hydrogen infrastructure Hydrogen economy References reflist External links http www.enaa.or.jp WE NET ronbun 1996 e1 ishikawa1996fig.html z1 1996 Design of a 200,000M3 Hydrogen Tanker DEFAULTSORT Hydrogen Tanker Category Ship types Category Hydrogen ships Category Hydrogen infrastructure Category Tankers ... more details
Hydrogen damage is the generic name given to a large number of metal degradation processes due to interaction with hydrogen . Hydrogen is present practically everywhere, in the atmosphere, several kilometres above the earth and inside the earth. Engineering materials are exposed to hydrogen and they may interact with it resulting in various kinds of structural damage. Damaging effects of hydrogen in metallic .... Royal Soc. London , 23 1875 , 168 ref some remarkable changes produced in iron by the action of hydrogen ... importance of hydrogen damage, many people explored the nature, causes and control measures of hydrogen ... damage are the main hydrogen damage processes in metals. This article consists of a classification of hydrogen damage, brief description of the various processes and their mechanisms, and some guidelines for the control of hydrogen damage. Importance With advancing technology, use of high strength ... of energy is a current activity of mankind. Hydrogen is believed to be a possible future source of energy Engineering note Hydrogen could not be used as a source of energy but only as a means to transport energy from one place to another and a hydrogen economy is a strong possibility within the next 50 years. In such a scenario, large scale production, storage, transportation and use of hydrogen becomes necessary. ref J. O M. Bockris, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 6 1981 , 223 ref Materials problems caused by hydrogen damage could limit the progress of such an economy. Hydrogen may be picked up by metals during melting, casting, shaping and fabrication. They are also exposed to hydrogen during their service life. Materials susceptible to hydrogen damage have ample opportunities to be degraded during all these stages. Classifications Hydrogen damage may be of four types solid solution hardening, creation of internal defects, hydride embrittlement, and hydrogen embrittlement. ref name namboodhiri ... dissolve hydrogen and experience hardening and embrittlement at concentrations much below ... more details
Mechanical failure modes Hydrogen embrittlement is the process by which various metals, most importantly high strength steel , become brittle and fracture following exposure to hydrogen . Hydrogen embrittlement is often the result of unintentional introduction of hydrogen into susceptible metals during forming or finishing operations and increases cracking in the material. Hydrogen embrittlement is also ... in the nuclear industry . Process The mechanism starts with lone hydrogen atoms diffusion diffusing through the metal. At high temperatures, the elevated solubility of hydrogen allows hydrogen to diffuse into the metal or the hydrogen can diffuse in at a low temperature, assisted by a concentration gradient . When these hydrogen atoms re combine in minuscule voids of the metal matrix to form hydrogen ... open hydrogen induced cracking , or HIC . High strength and low alloy steels, nickel and titanium alloys ... Hardness comparison HRC are not generally considered susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Jewett et al. ref cite book last Jewett first R.P. title Hydrogen Environment Embrittlement of Metals publisher ... metals under high pressure molecular hydrogen environment. These tests have shown that Austenite ... copper are not susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement along with few other metals. ref http corridoreis.anl.gov documents docs technical APT 61012 EVS TM 08 2.pdf Overview of interstate hydrogen pipeline ... smooth specimens were exposed to high pressure hydrogen. Hydrogen embrittlement can occur during various ... or molecular hydrogen. Processes that can lead to this include cathodic protection , phosphating , pickling metal pickling , and electroplating . A special case is arc welding , in which the hydrogen ... low hydrogen electrodes are used for welding high strength steels . Other mechanisms of introduction of hydrogen into metal are galvanic corrosion , chemical reactions of metal with acids, or with other chemicals notably hydrogen sulfide in sulfide stress cracking , or SSC, a process of importance ... more details
Hydrogen pinch analysis HPA is a hydrogen management method that originates from the concept of heat pinch analysis . HPA is a systematic technique for reducing hydrogen consumption and hydrogen generation through integration of hydrogen using activities or processes in the petrochemical industry , petroleum refineries hydrogen distribution networks and hydrogen purification. ref http www.aspentech.com publication files PTQ Spring 2003 Hydrogen Optimization.pdf Hydrogen optimization at minimal investment ref Principle A mass analysis is done by representing the purity and flowrate for each stream from the hydrogen consumers sinks , such as hydrotreater s, hydrocracker s, isomerization units and lubricant plants and the hydrogen producers sources , such as hydrogen plants and naphtha reformers, streams from hydrogen purifier s, membrane reactor s, pressure swing adsorption and continuous distillation and off gas streams from low or high pressure separators. The source demand diagram shows bottlenecks, surplus or shortages. The hydrogen pinch is the purity at which the hydrogen network has neither hydrogen surplus nor deficit. ref http www.bfe.admin.ch php modules publikationen stream.php ... to consider multiple components, rather than a pseudo binary mixture of hydrogen and methane. History The first assessment based on cost and value composite curves of hydrogen resources of a hydrogen network was proposed by Tower et al. 1996 . Alves developed the hydrogen pinch analysis approach ... Multi period hydrogen management ref Nick Hallale and Fang Liu extended this original work, adding ... Water Pinch Timeline of hydrogen technologies http www.allbusiness.com manufacturing chemical ... covering hydrogen pinch References reflist Nick Hallale, Ian Moore, Dennis Vauk, Hydrogen optimization ... h2pinch h2pinch.html Hydrogen Pinch made easy DEFAULTSORT Hydrogen Pinch Category Mechanical engineering Category Chemical engineering Category Hydrogen technologies Category Analysis ... more details
mergeto Hydrogen pipeline transport discuss Talk Hydrogen piping Merger proposal date November 2011 Image Hydrogen.piping.pipes.gif border right 125px For other uses, see Piping . Hydrogen piping , in industrial settings, is a system of pipes used to move hydrogen . Due to issues with hydrogen embrittlement , and corrosion, materials for hydrogen pipes must be carefully selected. For metal piping at pressures up to convert 7000 psi MPa abbr on , high purity stainless steel piping with a maximum hardness of 80 Rockwell scale HRB is preferred citation needed date October 2010 . Hydrogen has an active electron, and therefore behaves somewhat like a Halogen . For this reason, Hydrogen pipes have to resist corrosion. The problem is compounded because hydrogen can easily migrate into the crystal structure of most metals. ref http siei.org piping.html Stuart Island Energy Initiative Website Accessed 2010 10 13 ref Composite material Composite pipes are assessed like carbon fiber structure with fiberglass overlay http www.rita.dot.gov publications hydrogen infrastructure safety analysis html section 14 06.html . perfluoroalkoxy PFA, MFA . Polytetrafluoroethylene fluorinated ethylene propylene http www.chemposite.com material.htm . FEP Carbon fiber reinforced polymer s FRP Can someone with more background make sense of what this is saying? It just seems to be a list of composite materials, not an explanation of their assessment. See also Div col 2 Tubing material Hydrogen leak testing Hydrogen station Hydrogen pipeline transport Hydrogen infrastructure Div col end References Reflist External links http avt.inel.gov pdf hydrogen h2station appendixc.pdf Idaho national laboratory http www.nasatech.com Briefs Nov02 MFS31632.html Composite http www.fuelcellstandards.com 2.1.2.htm ASME B31.12 Category Piping Category Plumbing Category Hydrogen technologies Category Hydrogen infrastructure engineering stub nl Waterstofleiding ... more details
Solid hydrogen is the solid state of the element hydrogen , achieved by decreasing the temperature below hydrogen s melting point of 14.01 kelvin K 259.14 C . It was collected for the first time by James Dewar in 1899 and published with the title Sur la solidification de l hydrog ne in the Annales de Chimie et de Physique , 7th series, vol.18, Oct. 1899. ref http www.nationalarchives.gov.uk A2A records.aspx ... 145 150 ref Solid hydrogen has a density of 0.086 g cm sup 3 sup making it one of the lowest density ... hydrogen gas into a solid that can easily be converted back into a fuel on demand. The scientists are working with HSM Systems to incorporate hydrogen into a powder that would be safer to store in a vehicle than liquid or gaseous hydrogen. Hydrogen is combined with other materials to make it inert, but that reduces ... energy producing materials. The researchers say the first version will store six percent hydrogen ... be a drag on fuel efficiency. The dream of fuel cell cars and a hydrogen highway won t be realized until a safe way of storing hydrogen is developed that forever eliminates the inaccurate link ... hydrogen under pressure, much of the attention has gone towards developing metals that can absorb and release hydrogen as needed. The most talked about forms are metal hydrides or solid oxides ... Solid Hydrogen last Walter first Mark A. date 6 May 2011 author2 Gilbert author3 Walker class astro ph.GA ref See also Compressed hydrogen Liquid hydrogen Slush hydrogen Metallic hydrogen Timeline of hydrogen ... 000020021102A0308056.php Properties of solid hydrogen at very low temperatures 2001 http gltrs.grc.nasa.gov reports 2002 TM 2002 211915.pdf Solid hydrogen experiments for atomic propellants http www.wired.com autopia 2007 03 solid hydrogen Solid Hydrogen Seen as Safer Autopia Further reading http oai.dtic.mil ... and Bulk Thermophysical Properties of Solid Hydrogen , Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratories , Technical Report, 1972 Category Hydrogen physics chemistry stub es Hidr geno s lido fr Hydrog ne solide ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 A hydrogen carrier is an organic compound organic macromolecule that transports atom s of hydrogen from one place to another inside a cell or from cell to cell for use in various metabolical processes. An example is NADPH in photosynthesis also called NAD along with it FAD is also one of the hydrogen carriers.The main role of these is to transport hydrogen atom to electron transport chain which will change ADP to ATP by adding one phosphate. External links http www.biology online.org 1 3 respiration.htm http student.ccbcmd.edu gkaiser biotutorials energy oxphos.html See also Electron carrier Light reactions Photosynthesis Cellular respiration DEFAULTSORT Hydrogen Carrier Category Hydrogen biology Biochem stub ja ... more details
Image Hydrogen fueling nozzle.jpg 150px right thumb Hydrogen fueling nozzle A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for hydrogen , usually located along a road or hydrogen highway , or at home ... worlds first personal hydrogen station hydrofill ces 2010 Personal hydrogen station ref The stations ... 2010 01 05 hydrofills personal hydrogen station to be unveiled at ces Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies HydroFILL intended for the powering of small devices ref Vehicles use hydrogen as fuel in one of several ways, including fuel cells and mixed fuels like HCNG . The hydrogen fuel dispenser ... hydrogen fuel pump ref Hydrogen filling stations see also Hydrogen fuel Image Hydrogen station pump.jpg 150px right thumb Hydrogen station pump In 2000, Ford Motor Company Ford and Air Products & Chemicals Air Products opened the first hydrogen station in North America in Dearborn, MI . ref cite book ..., filling stations offering hydrogen have been opening worldwide. However, this does ... title The Hype about Hydrogen, Fact and Fiction in the Race to Save the Climate location New York publisher Island Press isbn 1 55963 703 X Chapter 5 ref The hydrogen fueling stations include the following In Germany as of March 2010 there is one hydrogen fuel station operating in Berlin , another ... title The Clean Energy Partnership is growing with new hydrogen filling stations, new regions ... 03 05 accessdate 2010 05 09 ref Iceland opened the first commercial hydrogen station in 2003 as part of Renewable energy in Iceland the country s initiative to implement a hydrogen economy . ref cite news url http www.usatoday.com tech news techinnovations 2003 04 25 hydro station x.htm title Hydrogen ... Schwarzenegger s California Hydrogen Highway program. Citation needed date September 2008 Japan has a number of hydrogen filling stations run by the Japan hydrogen fuel cell project to test various technologies of hydrogen generation. Citation needed date September 2008 British Columbia, Canada ... more details
A hydrogen compressor is a device that increases the pressure of hydrogen by reducing its volume. Compression of hydrogen gas naturally increases its temperature, due to Charles Law . Hydrogen compressors are closely related to hydrogen pump s and gas compressor s both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a Hydrogen piping pipe . As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of hydrogen gas, whereas the main result of a pump raising the pressure of a liquid is to allow the liquid hydrogen to be transported elsewhere. Types of hydrogen compressors ... compressors, 4 staged water cooled, 11 15 kW 30 50Nm3 h 40MPa for dispensation of hydrogen ... hydrogen compressors is an adiabatic efficiency of 70 . ref http dscholar.humboldt.edu 8080 dspace ... stage diaphragm hydrogen compressor Pag.32 ref Used in hydrogen station s. Ionic liquid piston compressor A ionic liquid piston compressor , is a hydrogen compressor based on a ionic liquid piston ... pdfs liquefaction comp pres praxair.pdf Hydrogen delivery liquefaction & compression ... to absorb low pressure hydrogen gas at ambient temperatures and then release high pressure hydrogen ... hydrogen compressor A multi stage electrochemical hydrogen compressor incorporates a series of Membrane ... compression of hydrogen a pressure of 5000 psi is achieved. Pressure is believed to go beyond 10,000 ... 29 lipp.pdf Electrochemical hydrogen compressor ref A patent is pending for an exergy efficiency of 70 ... electrochemical hydrogen compressor.html Electrochemical hydrogen compressor ref See also Compressed hydrogenHydrogen turboexpander generator High pressure electrolysis Hydrogen embrittlement Hydrogen tank Hydrogen leak testing References references External links http www.osti.gov bridge servlets purl 878237 eemvYf 878237.pdf 2004 Osti Hybrid Compressor Expander DEFAULTSORT Hydrogen Compressor Category Compressors Category Hydrogen technologies es Compresor de hidr geno it Compressore per idrogeno ... more details
A hydrogen highway is a chain of hydrogen equipped Hydrogen station filling stations and other infrastructure along a road or highway which allow hydrogen powered car s to travel. It is an element of the hydrogen infrastructure that is generally assumed to be a pre requisite for mass utilization of hydrogen ... to begin developing hydrogen highways through private and public funds. The use of hydrogen vehicles hydrogen cars has been proposed as a means to reduce local air pollution pollution and carbon emissions because hydrogen fuel cell cars emit clean exhaust. However, as long as the majority of hydrogen continues to be produced by burning fossil fuels , some pollution is emitted by the Hydrogen production hydrogen manufacturing process . ref name EFCF http www.efcf.com reports E21.pdf 2006 EFCF paper on hydrogen efficiency ref ref Hype Canada seedetails BC hydrogen highway British Columbia In British Columbia , Canada , the BC Hydrogen Highway is planned to link Vancouver and Whistler ... in B.C. including the hydrogen highway. ref http www.ctv.ca servlet ArticleNews story CTVNews 20070313 harper ecotrust 070313 20070313?hub TopStories ref Germany Germany has a variety of hydrogen initiatives such as National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Programme NIP , promoted by government institutions such as NOW GmbH National Organisation Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology and industry groups including the Clean Energy Partnership and DWV German Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association . ref cite web url http www.bmvbs.de ,2110.960602 National Hydrogen and Fuel Cel.htm title National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Programme NIP publisher BMVBS German Federal Ministry ... bot H3llBot ref These initiatives incorporate development of hydrogen stations. ref cite press release ... H2 Mobility Major companies sign up to hydrogen infrastructure built up plan in Germany url http ... the NRW Hydrogen HyWay initiative along the existing hydrogen pipeline total length 230 km in the Rhine ... more details
Hydrogen fuel is an eco friendly fuel which uses electrochemical cell electrochemical cells , or combustion .... Chemistry Hydrogen is the first element on the periodic table, making it the lightest element ... Altork, L.N. & Busby, J. R. 2010 Oct . Hydrogen fuel cells part of the solution. Technology & Engineering Teacher, 70 2 , 22 27. ref In a flame of pure hydrogen gas, burning in air, the hydrogen H ... will be used as a fuel therefore hydrogen is an energy carrier, not an energy source. ref name FSEC Florida Solar Energy Center. n.d. . Hydrogen Basics. Retrieved from http www.fsec.ucf.edu en consumer hydrogen basics index.htm ref This reaction does not produce other chemical by products, except for a small amount of NOx nitrogen oxides . Hence a key feature of hydrogen as a fuel is that it is relatively non polluting since water is not a pollutant . Pure hydrogen does not occur naturally it takes energy to manufacture it. Manufacturing Because pure hydrogen does not occur naturally, it takes ... methane reforming process . In electrolysis, electricity is run through water to separate the hydrogen ... the environment friendly process of the fuel. Obtaining hydrogen from this process is being ... the hydrogen from methane. However, this reaction causes a side production of carbon dioxide ..., J. R. 2010 Oct . Hydrogen fuel cells part of the solution. Technology & Engineering Teacher, 70 2 , 22 27. ref Even so, the current leading technology for producing hydrogen in large quantities is steam reforming of methane gas CH sub 4 sub . Other methods are discussed in the Hydrogen Production article. ref U.S. Department of Energy. 2007 Feb . Potential for hydrogen production from key ... Laboratory Golden, CO Milbrandt, A. & Mann, M. ref Energy Once manufactured, hydrogen is an energy ... as heat when the hydrogen is burned. The heat in a hydrogen flame is a Emission electromagnetic ... radiation . When burning in air, the temperature is roughly 2000 C. Uses Hydrogen fuel can provide ... more details
A hydrogen odorant in any form, is a minute amount of aroma compound odorant such as ethyl isobutyrate , with a rotting cabbage like smell, that is added to the otherwise color less and almost odor less hydrogen gas, so that leak s can be detected before a fire or explosion occurs. Odorants are considered non toxic in the extremely low concentrations occurring in hydrogen gas delivered to the end user. The approach is not new, for the same safety reasons the odorant butanethiol tert butyl mercaptan is used in natural gas . See also Odor detection threshold External links http sciencelinks.jp j east article 200524 000020052405A0942921.php Exploration of Hydrogen Odorant for Fuel Cell Vehicles http www.freepatentsonline.com EP1828355.html Odorant for hydrogen based on acrylate and acetophenone http www.wipo.int pctdb en wo.jsp?IA US2003024950&DISPLAY STATUS Hydrogen Odorants and Odorant Selection Method Category Hydrogen technologies ... more details
Hydrogen halides or hydrohalic acids are inorganic compound s with the formula Proton H X where X is one of the halogen s fluorine , chlorine , bromine , iodine , and astatine . ref name Green Hydrogen ... hydrogen fluoride center center HF center center Image Hydrogen fluoride 2D dimensions.png 68px center center Image Hydrogen fluoride 3D vdW.png 45px center center 91.7 center center 1.86 center center hydrogen chloride center center HCl center center Image Hydrogen chloride 2D dimensions.png 95px center center Image Hydrogen chloride 3D vdW.png 70px center center 127.4 center center 1.11 center center hydrogen bromide center center HBr center center Image Hydrogen bromide 2D dimensions.png 108px center center Image Hydrogen bromide 3D vdW.png 72px center center 141.4 center center 0.788 center center hydrogen iodide center center HI center center Image Hydrogen iodide 2D dimensions.png 110px center center Image Hydrogen iodide 3D vdW.png 84px center center 160.9 center center 0.382 center center astatane hydrogen astatide center center HAt center center File Hydrogen astatide calculated 3D sf.png 84px center center 172 center center &minus 0.06 center Hydrogen halide vs hydrohalic acids The hydrogen halides are diatomic molecules with no tendency to ionize in the gas phase. Liquified hydrogen fluoride is a polar solvent somewhat similar to water. Thus, chemists distinguish hydrogen ... distinguished such that in lab jargon, HCl often means hydrochloric acid, not the gaseous hydrogen chloride. Synthesis The direct reaction of hydrogen with fluorine and chlorine gives hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride, respectively. Industrially these gases are, however, produced by treatment of halide salts with sulfuric acid. Hydrogen bromide arises when hydrogen and bromine are combined at high temperatures in the presence of a platinum catalyst . The least stable hydrogen halide, HI, is produced less directly, by the reaction of iodine with hydrogen sulfide or with hydrazine . ref ... more details
A hydrogen ship is a hydrogen fueled ship , power assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity ... the Duffy Herreshoff watertaxi went into service. 2003 saw the debut of Yacht no 1 hydrogen Yacht ... XV 1 hydrogen Yacht XV 1 were shown in 2004. In 2005 the first example of the Type 212 submarine ... person Xperiance NX hydrogen Xperiance was debuted, as well as the Zebotec . In 2007 both the 8 person Tuckerboot hydrogen Tuckerboot and the Canal boat hydrogen Canal boat Ross Barlow debuted, and in 2008 ... hydrogen for frauscher riviera 600 Hydrogen for Frauscher Riviera 600 ref Economy seedetails Hydrogen economy Image Hydrogen challenger hg.jpg thumb Electrolysis of water ship Hydrogen challenger ... issue to be dealt with would be the hydrogen storage storage of hydrogen on ships, given that there would ... electricity from the ocean while they are far from the shores and produce onboard hydrogen. ref http www.greenoptimistic.com 2010 05 29 sailing ships hydrogen energy oceans ref Infrastructure The need for a hydrogen infrastructure varies, where the Yacht no 1 hydrogen Yacht No. 1 was fueled by a mobile hydrogen station, ref http www.ivi.fraunhofer.de frames english projects produktbl hytra en.pdf Hytra ref the prototype Haveblue Yacht XV 1 hydrogen Yacht XV 1 was intended to have onboard hydrogen generation based upon Haveblue LLC s patented technology , the Xperiance NX hydrogen Xperiance and Tuckerboot hydrogen Tuckerboot have exchangeable high pressure hydrogen tank s which can be refilled at a local hydrogen station , the Canal boat hydrogen canal boat Ross Barlow uses fixed ... of hydrogen which is refuelled by a compressed hydrogen tube trailer . Codes and standards Hydrogen ... of hydrogen technologies and the development of a hydrogen economy . To enable the commercialization of hydrogen in consumer products, new model building codes and equipment, as well as other technical ... for fuel cells on ships and boats is used for the Hydra ship Hydra , Tuckerboot hydrogen Tuckerboot ... more details
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