Infobox Disease Name Hypersomnia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 F 51 1 f 50 , ICD10 G 47 1 g 40 ... OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 3129 MeshID D006970 Hypersomnia is a disorder characterized by excessive somnolence sleepiness . There are two main categories of hypersomnia primary hypersomnia also called idiopathic hypersomnia and recurrent hypersomnia also called primary recurrent hypersomnia . Both have the same symptoms, but differ in frequency of occurrence. ref cite web ... Those who suffer from hypersomnia have recurring episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness EDS , which .... These daytime naps usually provide no relief from symptoms. Patients with hypersomnia .... Typically, hypersomnia is first recognized in adolescence or young adulthood. ref name NINDS cite web url http www.ninds.nih.gov disorders hypersomnia hypersomnia.htm title NINDS Hypersomnia Information ... pages doi quote ref These symptoms are present in both types of hypersomnia. A sufferer of primary hypersomnia displays these symptoms continually for months or even years. Recurrent hypersomnia is characterized ... sleep wake cycles. Kleine Levin syndrome is the most well known form of recurrent hypersomnia ... upon waking. Causes Hypersomnia can be caused by brain damage and disorders such as clinical depression , Celiac Disease , uremia and fibromyalgia . Hypersomnia can also be a symptom of other sleep ... are overweight may be more likely to suffer from hypersomnia. Although studies have shown a correlation ... . Citation needed date June 2009 Infectious mononucleosis Mononucleosis can cause hypersomnia ... date accessdate 2010 08 05 ref When the cause of the hypersomnia cannot be determined, it is considered idiopathic hypersomnia. Epidemiology Hypersomnia is an uncommon disorder less than 5 ... of years. Diagnosis The diagnosis hypersomnia may be given a person whose life is significantly affected by the disorder for at least one month. The diagnosis is not given if the hypersomnia is a result ... more details
PSSM may refer to Parallel Split Shadow Map Position Specific Scoring Matrix Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon , the official English translation of the series, often shortened as Sailor Moon Principles and Standards for School Mathematics , a policy book on mathematics education Polysaccharide storage myopathy, aka Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy PSSM or EPSM , a disease in horses Positive sleep state misperception , subjective hypersomnia without objective findings. disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Expert subject Medicine date February 2009 Reversed vegetative symptoms include only oversleeping hypersomnia and overeating hyperphagia , as compared to insomnia and loss of appetite vegetative symptoms . These features are characteristic of atypical depression AD . However, there have been studies ref cite journal author Benazzi F title Can only reversed vegetative symptoms define atypical depression? journal Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci volume 252 issue 6 pages 288 93 year 2002 month December pmid 12563537 doi 10.1007 s00406 002 0395 0 ref claiming that these symptoms alone are sufficient to diagnose the condition of AD. See also Sleep disorder References reflist Category Psychiatric terms Category Symptoms and signs Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour ... more details
Image Modafinil.svg right thumb 200px Modafinil , a prototypical example of a wakefulness promoting agent. A wakefulness promoting agent is a type of psychoactive drug which improves wakefulness and alertness , and reduces tiredness , drowsiness , and the need for sleep . They are often used in the treatment of hypersomnia and narcolepsy . The functional opposites of wakefulness promoting agents would be hypnotic s sedative s like antihistamine s, opioids , and benzodiazepine s. The prototype drug in this class is modafinil , and other drugs include adrafinil and armodafinil . The primary difference between these drugs and amphetamine like stimulant s is that wakefulness promoting agents trigger activation of neurons in the hypothalamus based wakefulness circuits, as opposed to producing diffuse neuronal activation. ref cite journal authors Ballon, D.D. Feifel, D. title A systematic review of modafinil potential clinical uses and mechanisms of action. journal J. Clin Psychiatry year 2006 volume 67 issue 4 pages 554 66 url http article.psychiatrist.com dao 1 login.asp?ID 10002519&RSID 34201655661361 accessdate June 11, 2010 ref See also Stimulant References Reflist Stimulants Category Stimulants nervous system drug stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name daytime hypersomnia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 F 51 1 f 50 , ICD10 G 47 1 g 40 ICD9 ICD9 291.82 , ICD9 292.85 , ICD9 307.43 ICD9 307.44 , ICD9 327.1 , ICD9 780.53 ICD9 780.54 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 3129 MeshID D006970 Excessive daytime sleepiness EDS is characterized by persistent sleepiness, and often a general lack of energy, even after apparently adequate night time sleep. EDS is a symptom of sleep disorder hypersomnia , another symptom being prolonged nighttime sleep. Some persons with EDS, including those with narcolepsy , are compelled to nap repeatedly during the day fighting off increasingly strong urges to sleep during inappropriate times such as while driving, while at work, during a meal, or in conversations. As the compulsion to sleep intensifies, the ability to complete tasks sharply diminishes, often mimicking the appearance of intoxication. Diagnosis An adult who is compelled to nap repeatedly during the day may have excessive daytime sleepiness. However, it is important to distinguish between occasional daytime sleepiness and excessive daytime sleepiness, which is chronic medical chronic . A number of tools for screening for EDS have been developed. One is the Epworth Sleepiness Scale which grades the results of a questionnaire. The ESS generates a numerical score from zero 0 to 24 where a score of ten 10 or higher may indicate that the person should consult a specialist in sleep medicine for further evaluation. A self test is available at http epworthsleepinessscale.com wp content uploads 2009 09 epworth sleepiness scale.pdf 1 page 11.jpg the author s website. Another tool is the Multiple Sleep Latency Test MSLT , which has been used since the 1970s. It is used to measure the time it takes from the start of a daytime nap period to the first signs of sleep, called sleep latency . The test is based ... s . An underlying sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy , sleep apnea , hypersomnia or restless ... more details
saved book title Bipolar Disorder subtitle cover image The Scream.jpg cover color black Bipolar Disorder Overview Bipolar disorder History History of bipolar disorder Emil Kraepelin Karl Leonhard John Cade Mogens Schou Frederick K. Goodwin Kay Redfield Jamison Symptoms Hallucination Delusion Emotional dysregulation Anhedonia Dysphoria Suicidal ideation Sleep disorder Hypersomnia Insomnia Psychosis Racing thoughts Bipolar spectrum Bipolar spectrum Bipolar I disorder Bipolar I Bipolar II disorder Bipolar II Cyclothymia Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Schizoaffective disorder Mania Mixed state psychiatry Mixed state Hypomania Major depressive episode Treatment Treatment of bipolar disorder Mood stabilizer s Anticonvulsant s Carbamazepine Gabapentin Lamotrigine Oxcarbazepine Topiramate Valproic acid Sodium valproate Valproate semisodium Lithium medication Lithium pharmacology Lithium carbonate Lithium citrate Lithium sulfate Antipsychotic s Non pharmaceutical treatment Clinical psychology Electroconvulsive therapy Involuntary commitment Light therapy Psychotherapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation Related subjects Affective spectrum List of people with bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder in children Organisations International Society for Bipolar Disorders Icarus Project Category Wikipedia books on health Bipolar Disorder Category Bipolar disorder ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Dyssomnia ICD9 ICD9 307.47 , ICD9 780.56 MeshID D020920 Dyssomnias are a broad classification of sleep disorder sleeping disorders that make it difficult to get to sleep, or to remain sleeping. Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. Patients may complain of difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness during the night, early morning awakening, or combinations of any of these. Transient episodes are usually of little significance. Stress, caffeine, physical discomfort, daytime napping, and early bedtimes are common factors. Major types of dyssomnias There are over 30 recognized kinds of dyssomnias. Major groups of dyssomnias include Intrinsic sleep disorders 12 disorders recognized, including hypersomnia , narcolepsy , periodic limb movement disorder , restless legs syndrome , sleep apnea , sleep state misperception . Extrinsic sleep disorders 13 disorders recognized, including alcoholism alcohol dependent sleep disorder, food allergy insomnia , inadequate sleep routine. Circadian rhythm sleep disorder s, both intrinsic and extrinsic 6 disorders recognized, including advanced sleep phase syndrome , delayed sleep phase syndrome , jetlag , shift work sleep disorder . Treatment In general, there are two broad classes of treatment, and the two may be combined psychological cognitive behavioral and pharmacological. In situations of acute distress, such as a grief reaction, pharmacologic measures may be most appropriate. With primary insomnia, however, initial efforts should be psychologically based. Other specific treatments are appropriate for some of the disorders, such as ingestion of the hormone melatonin and bright light therapy for circadian rhythm disorders. Specialists in sleep medicine are trained to diagnose and treat these disorders. See also Somnolence Parasomnia Dyskoimesis M ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 451224999 IUPAC name 2 benzhydryl 1 methyl piperidin 3 ol image SCH 5472 structure.png Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL P POM CD Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 20068 90 0 CAS supplemental phenylsuccinate ATC prefix ATC suffix PubChem 209634 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank Chemical data C 19 H 23 N 1 O 1 molecular weight 281.391 g mol smiles c3ccccc3C c2ccccc2 C1C O CCCN1C SCH 5472 is a stimulant drug ref Nodine JH, Bodi T, Slap J, Levy HA, Siegler PE. Preliminary trial of a new stimulant SCH 5472 in ambulatory patients with depression, exhaustion, or hypersomnia syndrome. Antibiotic Medicine and Clinical Therapy . 1960 Dec 7 771 6. PMID 13729397 ref developed by Shering Plough in the 1950s ref US Patent 2997478 Oxygenated Piperidines and Process for their Manufacture ref . See also AL 1095 Desoxypipradrol References references stimulants Category Stimulants Category piperidines nervous system drug stub ... more details
unreferenced date April 2011 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Secret Handshakes Type studio Artist Tub Ring Cover Released August 31, 2010 Recorded 2010 br At Electrical Audio and Studio Edison in Chicago, IL . Genre Experimental rock Length Label The End Records Producer Rob Kleiner Reviews Last album The Great Filter album The Great Filter br 2007 This album Secret Handshakes br 2010 Next album Secret Handshakes is the title of Chicago band Tub Ring s 6th album, and their second on The End Records . The CD was released on August 31, 2010. The album breaks several patterns of previous Tub Ring albums. For the first time, the title is unrelated to Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence SETI and contains no Robot track. The predominant color of the album cover is red, in contrast to many earlier albums and promo shots which prominently featured blue. Track listing Stop This NOW Bird Of A Different Color Gold Finger Touching The Enemy Burn Cryonic Love Song Feed The Rapture Flash I Shot Your Faggot Horse Bitch Chronic Hypersomnia Optimistic The Day The World Will End Tip Of My Tongue The Horrible And The Holy Personnel Kevin Gibson Vocalist Vocals Rob Kleiner Keyboard instrument Keyboards , Record producer Producer Trevor Erb Bass guitar Scott Radway drums , percusion Patrick Windsor guitar , piano Jason Zolghadr tar Loren Turner guitar Dave Smith baritone sax Brandon Wojcik trumpet David Keller cello Benjamin Weber viola , violin Chibi vocals recorded by Rowan MacPhail Category Tub Ring albums Secret Handshakes Category 2010 albums Secret Handshakes Category The End Records albums ... more details
A microsleep is an episode of sleep which may last for a fraction of a second or up to thirty seconds. ref name ICSD International Classification of Sleep Disorders Diagnostic and Coding Manual, http www.esst.org adds ICSD.pdf, page 343 ref Often, it is the result of sleep deprivation , mental fatigue physical fatigue , depression, sleep apnea , hypoxia medical hypoxia , narcolepsy , or hypersomnia . For the sleep deprived, microsleeping can occur at any time, typically without substantial warning. Microsleeps or microsleep episodes become extremely dangerous when they occur in situations which demand constant alertness, such as sleep deprived driving driving a motor vehicle or working with heavy machinery. People who experience microsleeps usually remain unaware of them, instead believing themselves to have been awake the whole time, or to have temporarily lost focus. There is little agreement on how best to identify microsleep episodes. Some experts define microsleep according to behavioral criteria head nods, drooping eyelids, etc. , while others rely on EEG markers. One study at the University of Iowa defined EEG monitored microsleeps in driving simulation as a 3 14 second episode during which 4 7 Hz theta activity replaced the waking 8 13 Hz alpha background rhythm. ref cite web url http ppc.uiowa.edu driving assessment 2005 final papers 04 AmitPaul LBoyleformat.pdf title Variability of driving performance during microsleeps accessdate 2008 02 10 last Paul first Amit coauthors Linda Ng Boyle, Jon Tippin, Matthew Rizzo year 2005 format PDF work Proceedings of the Third International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design Dead link date November 2010 bot H3llBot ref Driving File LKW Auffahrunfall 16122008 1.jpg thumb Traffic collision , a possible consequence of microsleep When experiencing microsleeps while driving an automobile, from the perspective of the driver, he or she drives a car, and then suddenly realizes t ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2010 Recurrent brief depression RBD defines a mental disorder characterized by intermittent depressive episodes, in women not related to menstrual cycles, occurring at least once a month over at least one year or more fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episodes DSM IV and ICD 10 except for duration which in RBD is less than 14 days, typically 2 4 days. Despite the short duration of the depressive episodes, such episodes are severe and suicidal ideation and impaired function is rather common. The majority of patients with RBD also report symptoms of anxiety and increased irritability. Hypersomnia is also rather frequent. About 1 2 of patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for RBD may have additional short episodes of brief hypomania which is a severity marker of RBD. RBD may be the only mental disorder present, but RBD may also occur as part of a history of recurrent major depressive episodes or bipolar disorders . RBD is also seen among some patients with personality disorders . Prevalence The lifetime prevalence of RBD has been estimated at 2.6 to 10.0 , and the one year prevalence at 5.0 8.2 . The World Health Organization project on Psychological problems in general health care , which was based on primary care samples, reported a one year prevalence of 3.7 9.9 . However none of these studies differentiate between RBD with and without a history of other mood disorder s e.g. major depression . DSM IV field trial estimated the life time of RBD only to be about 2 . Cause The cause etiology of RBD is unknown, but recent findings may suggest a link between RBD and bipolar disorders, pointing to the importance of genetic factors. A small sub group of patients with RBD has temporal lobe epilepsy. Treatment Both psychotherapy as well as different drugs e.g. serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs or mood stabilizers, e.g. lithium, antiepileptics have been suggested as treatments.However, no randomized controlled treatment trial ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Cocaine intoxication Image Kokain Cocaine.svg Caption Cocaine DiseasesDB ICD10 F14.0 ICD9 ICD9 305.6 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 813959 MeshID D019970 Cocaine intoxication refers to the immediate effects of cocaine on the body. Although cocaine intoxication and cocaine dependence can be present in the same individual, they present with different sets of symptoms. Side effects Cocaine increases alertness, feelings of well being and euphoria, energy and motor activity, feelings of competence and sexuality. With prolonged use, the drug can cause itch ing, tachycardia , hallucination s, and formication paranoid delusions . Other lethal side effects include rapid heartbeat, increased temperature, heart attack, stroke and heart failure which can lead to death. Side effects users feel after taking the drug are tooth grinding and increased temperature. Anxiety, paranoia and restlessness are also frequent. Depression with suicidal ideation may develop in very heavy users. Finally, a loss of vesicular monoamine transporters, neurofilament proteins, and other morphological changes appear to indicate a long term damage of dopamine neurons. Chronic intranasal usage can degrade the cartilage separating the nostrils the nasal septum septum nasi , leading eventually to its complete disappearance. In a higher dosage, tremors, convulsions and increased body temperature are observed. Withdrawal Physical withdrawal is not dangerous however physiological changes caused by cocaine withdrawal include vivid and unpleasant dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, anger, increased appetite and psychomotor retardation or agitation. Overdose Unlike other hard drugs, where users overdose for taking too much of the drug, most deaths due to cocaine are accidental. Use of cocaine causes cardiac arrhythmia tachyarrhythmias and a marked elevation of blood pressure, which can be life threatening. This can lead to death from respiratory failure , stroke , ce ... more details
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS was originally developed by Zigmond and Snaith 1983 ref cite journal last Zigmond first AS coauthors Snaith, RP title The hospital anxiety and depression scale journal Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica year 1983 volume 67 issue 6 pages 361 370 pmid 6880820 ref and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and Depression mood depression that a patient is experiencing. The HADS is a fourteen item scale that generates Level of measurement ordinal data . Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. Zigmond and Snaith created this outcome measure specifically to avoid reliance on aspects of these conditions that are also common somatic symptoms of illness, for example fatigue and insomnia or hypersomnia. This, it was hoped, would create a tool for the detection of anxiety and depression in people with physical health problems. The HADS was seen in its first clinical trials at Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1982. Dr. Alexi Kolkholv used this method on a wide variety of his psychiatric patients during its inaugural year long study. It was used to help determine the effects of acute high Stress biology stress situations on patients as well as long term hospitalization. With proven results it became widely used assessment tool in hospitals by 1985. In North America it is now the standard used in all hospitals and psychiatric clinics. Though going through minor changes to its scoring system and questions in 1992 by the Copenhagen Institute of Mental Health HADS has generally retained its original format. Items on the questionnaire The items on the questionnaire that relate to anxiety are I feel tense or wound up I get a sort of frightened feeling as if something bad is about to happen Worrying thoughts go through my mind I can sit at ease and feel relaxed I get a sort of frightened feeling like butterflies in the stomach I feel restless and have to be on the move I get sudden feelings of panic The ... more details
sleeps excessively, known as hypersomnia , or not enough, known as insomnia . ref name ref2 Insomnia ... called hypersomnia . This may occur in the form of sleeping for prolonged periods at night ... months. Hypersomnia is often associated with an atypical depression . ref name ref3 Motor activity ... more details
more mild and involve the smooth muscle including G.I. symptoms , hypersomnia daytime sleepiness ... speech , behaviour , apathy or hypersomnia. Cognitive manifestations for DM2 include problems with executive function e.g., organization, concentration, word finding and hypersomnia. Conduction ... more details
Primary hypersomnia 307.42 Primary insomnia 347 Narcolepsy 780.59 Breathing related sleep disorder ... Sleep disorder Sleep disorder due to... indicate the general medical condition 780.54 Hypersomnia type ... the Axis I or Axis II psychiatry Axis II disorder 307.44 Hypersomnia related to... indicate the Axis ... more details
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