IPstack HTTP The HypertextTransferProtocol HTTP is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative ... title RFC 2616 HypertextTransferProtocol HTTP 1.1 first1 Roy T. last1 Fielding first2 James last2 ... . HTTP is the protocol to exchange or transferhypertext. The standards development of HTTP was coordinated ... would request a page from a server. ref cite web last Berners Lee first Tim title HyperTextTransferProtocol url http www.w3.org History 19921103 hypertexthypertext WWW Protocols HTTP.html publisher ... 2010 ref ref cite web last Raggett first Dave title HypertextTransferProtocol Working Group url ... , Secure HypertextTransferProtocol and the HTTP 1.1 Upgrade header . Browser support for the latter ... currently being worked on by the IETF s HypertextTransferProtocol Bis httpbis working group. ref cite web url https datatracker.ietf.org wg httpbis charter title HypertextTransferProtocol Bis httpbis ... bg HTTP bs HypertextTransferProtocol ca Protocol de transfer ncia d hipertext cs HypertextTransferProtocol cy HTTP da HTTP de HypertextTransferProtocol et H perteksti edastusprotokoll el es HypertextTransferProtocol eo Hiperteksto Transiga Protokolo eu HTTP fa fr HypertextTransferProtocol ga Pr tacal Aistrithe Hipirt acs gl HTTP ko HTTP hr HTTP id Protokol Transfer Hiperteks is HypertextTransferProtocol it HypertextTransferProtocol he HypertextTransferProtocol kk HTTP lv HTTP lb HypertextTransferProtocol lt HTTP hu HTTP ... nl HypertextTransferProtocol new ja HypertextTransferProtocol no HTTP nn HypertextTransferProtocol mhr HTTP pl HypertextTransferProtocol pt HypertextTransferProtocol ro HTTP ru HTTP sq HypertextTransferProtocol simple HypertextTransferProtocol sk HypertextTransferProtocol ... tg HTTP tr HTTP uk HTTP vi HypertextTransferProtocol fiu vro HTTP yo HypertextTransfer ... a reliable Transport Layer protocol for host to host data transfer. ref Fielding, et al. http www.w3.org ... more details
Unicode HTTP Secure HypertextTransferProtocol S HTTP is a little used alternative to the HTTP Secure HTTPS URI scheme for encryption encrypting World Wide Web web communications carried over HypertextTransferProtocol HTTP . S HTTP is defined in RFC 2660. It was developed by Eric Rescorla and Allan M. Schiffman. ref Link to authoritative technical reference RFC 2660 ref Web browser s typically use HTTP to communicate with web server s, sending and receiving information without encrypting it. For sensitive transactions, such as Internet electronic commerce e commerce or online access to financial accounts, the browser and server must encrypt this information. HTTPS and S HTTP were both defined in the mid 1990s to address this need. Netscape Communications Corporation Netscape and Microsoft supported HTTPS rather than S HTTP, leading to HTTPS becoming the de facto standard mechanism for securing web communications. Differences with HTTPS S HTTP encrypted only the page data, and data such as POST fields, leaving the initiation of the protocol unchanged. Because of this, S HTTP could be used concurrently with HTTP unsecured on the same port, as the unencrypted header would determine whether the rest of the transmission would be encrypted. In contrast, HTTPS wraps the entire communication within Secure Sockets Layer SSL , so the encryption starts before any protocol data is sent. This also means that it requires a separate port usually 443 vs. HTTP s standard 80 ref http www.linktionary.com s shttp.html Overview of S HTTP ref and unambiguous usage treated in most browsers as a separate URI protocol, https . In S HTTP, the desired URL is not transmitted in the cleartext headers, but left blank another set of headers is present inside the encrypted payload. In HTTPS, all headers are inside the encrypted payload. See also HTTP 1.1 Upgrade header References Reflist External ... HypertextTransferProtocol ko S HTTP pl S HTTP zh ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 HTTP Hypertext Caching Protocol abbreviated to HTCP is used for discovering HTTP caches and cached data, managing sets of HTTP caches and monitoring cache activity. It permits full request and response headers to be used in cache management and expands the domain of cache management to include monitoring a remote cache s additions and deletions, requesting immediate deletions and sending hints about web objects such as the third party locations of cacheable objects or unavailability of web objects. Features All multi octet computing octet HTCP protocol elements are transmitted in network byte order . All reserved fields should be set to binary zero by senders and left unexamined by receivers. Headers must be presented with the CRLF line termination, as in HTTP. Any hostname s specified should be compatible between sender and receiver, such that if a private naming scheme such as HOSTS.TXT or NIS is in use, names depending on such schemes will only be sent to HTCP neighbors who are known to participate in said schemes. Raw addresses dotted quad IPv4 , or colon format IPv6 are universal, as are public Domain Name System DNS names. Use of private names or addresses will require special operational care. User Datagram Protocol UDP must be supported. HTCP agents must not be isolated from network failures and delays. An HTCP agent should be prepared to act in useful .... Transmission Control Protocol TCP is optional and is expected to be used only for protocol debugging ... Control Protocol TCP and Domain Name System UDP port number for HTCP. An HTCP Message has the following general format HEADER tells message length and protocol versions DATA HTCP message varies per major ver. number AUTH optional authentication for transaction See also Internet Cache Protocol External links RFC 2756 the request for comment on HTCP Category Web caching protocol de Hyper Text Caching Protocol es HTCP fr Hyper Text Caching Protocol ... more details
TransferProtocol, in March 1986. Other contributors included Stan O. Barber from the Baylor College ...The Network News TransferProtocol NNTP is an application Protocol computing protocol used for transporting ... were not yet widely available, a new protocol was developed based on the client server model. It resembled the Simple Mail TransferProtocol SMTP , but was tailored for exchanging newsgroup articles. A newsreader ... Usenet newsgroup External links Kantor, Brian and Phil Lapsley. RFC 977 Network News TransferProtocol ... IETF nntpext Working Group Feather, Clive. RFC 3977 Network News TransferProtocol NNTP . 2006 dmoz ... Usenet ar bg NNTP cs Network News TransferProtocol da Network News TransferProtocol de Network News TransferProtocol es Network News Transport Protocol eo NNTP eu Network News Transport Protocol fr Network News TransferProtocol is Network News TransferProtocol it Network News TransferProtocol he Network News TransferProtocol lv NNTP lt NNTP ms Protokol Pindahan Berita Rangkaian nl Network News TransferProtocol ja Network News TransferProtocol no NNTP pl Network News TransferProtocol pt NNTP ru NNTP sk Network News TransferProtocol fi NNTP sv Network News TransferProtocol th Network News TransferProtocol tr Network News TransferProtocol uk NNTP vi NNTP yo Network News TransferProtocol zh NNTP ... logged into these computers reading the articles directly from the local disk. As local area ... directly from the news server s disks or via the NNTP. The List of TCP and UDP port numbers well ... released RFC 3977 which updates the NNTP protocol and codifies many of the additions made over the years since RFC 977. IPstack Network News Reader Protocol During an abortive attempt to update ..., NNRP, was proposed. This protocol was never completed or fully implemented, but the name persisted ... , and R. Adams. RFC 1036 Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages. 1987. http www.academ.com academ ... more details
The Peer Distributed TransferProtocol is an Internet file transferProtocol computing protocol for distributing files from a central server across a peer to peer network. It is conceptually similar to BitTorrent protocol BitTorrent but allows for streaming media . The protocol has been assigned port 6086 by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority . The primary implementation is DistribuStream . External links http pdtp.org PDTP protocol web site http defcon.org images defcon 12 dc 12 presentations Arcieri dc 12 arcieri.ppt PowerPoint Presentation Category Network protocols Compu network stub ... more details
The term secure file transferprotocol can refer to both following network protocolprotocol s SSH file transferprotocol , a file transferprotocol specifically developed by the IETF to run over secure shell Secure shell SSH connections Secure FTP , the practice of running a normal FTP protocol session over SSH FTP over SSH The ambiguity comes from the acronym for the SSH based SSH File TransferProtocol having the same acronym as one of the terms referring to tunneling regular FTP connections over SSH Secure FTP . disambig ... more details
More footnotes date September 2008 Trivial File TransferProtocol TFTP is a Computer file file transfer network protocolprotocol notable for its simplicity. It is generally used for automated transfer of configuration or boot files between machines in a local environment. Compared to File TransferProtocol ... Note IEN 133. ref cite IETF title The TFTP Protocol ien 133 author Karen R. Sollins date 1980 ... only used on private, local networks. Overview Trivial File TransferProtocol TFTP is a simple protocol to transfer files. It has been implemented on top of the User Datagram Protocol UDP using port ... title The TFTP Protocol Revision 2 rfc 1350 author Karen R. Sollins year 1992 month July publisher Internet ... Windows See also SSH file transferprotocol File TransferProtocol Simple File TransferProtocol List ..., R. Finlayson, June 1984. RFC 1350 TFTP Protocol revision 2 , K. R. Sollins, July 1992. This superseded ... Protocol TFTP , E. Lear, October 2003. Category Network file transfer protocols bg TFTP ca Protocol trivial de transfer ncia de fitxers cs Trivial File TransferProtocol de Trivial File TransferProtocol el TFTP es TFTP eu TFTP fa fr Trivial File TransferProtocol ko TFTP hr TFTP id Trivial File TransferProtocol it Trivial File TransferProtocol nl Trivial File TransferProtocol ja Trivial File TransferProtocol pl Trivial File TransferProtocol pt Trivial File TransferProtocol ru TFTP sv Trivial File TransferProtocol ta tr TFTP uk TFTP zh ... Environment PXE network boot protocol, where it is implemented in the firmware Read only memory ROM Non volatile random access memory NVRAM of the host s network card. It is also used to transfer small ... boots from a network host or Server computing server . The initial stages of some network based installation ... by RFC 1350. There have been some extensions to the TFTP protocol documented in later RFC s see the section on Extensions, below . TFTP is based in part on the earlier protocol EFTP , which was part ... more details
In computing , Multisource File TransferProtocol MFTP is designed for the purpose of file sharing . It is still under development, and therefore may acquire more features or other improvements in addition to those discussed in this article. This is the communication protocol used by such clients as eMule and eDonkey and, in its extended implementation, by the Overnet network. Features Strengths In addition to being able to search by filename, MFTP is able to uniquely identify files based on their contents, regardless of how they are named on each individual computer. It also has bandwidth management also known as leech resistance built into the protocol, and every known mature client allows the user to tweak file and user upload priorities. It is also possible to share Metadata computing metadata about a given file with links on Web sites such as this file is good, this file is corrupted, this file is not what the name may indicate in this case, the files are identified with their MD4 Hash function hash numbers which are consistent rather than their filenames which will often vary from one computer to the next . The Protocol computing protocol is still under development, so additional features and other improvements are still possible. There are several unique forks of the protocol eDonkey2000 implemented what it called hoarding of sources, eMule uses a credit system, and xMule has extended the credit system to facilitate in the transfer of rare files. It has recently when date April 2011 been announced that MFTP had been used successfully in Internet2 project, achieving excellent results in terms of speed and reliability when transferring or sharing files. Projects that Utilize MFTP eDonkey2000 Overnet eMule aMule Hydranode External links http patft.uspto.gov netacgi nph Parser?d PALL&p 1&u netahtml PTO srchnum.htm&r 1&f G&l 50&s1 6339785.PN.&OS PN 6339785&RS PN 6339785 ... ru Multisource File TransferProtocol zh ... more details
File transferprotocol could refer to either of the following For file transfers in general, see file transfer . For FTP see the Internet File TransferProtocol . For a list of protocols for file transfer, see List of file transfer protocols . disambig ... more details
Distinguish Simple File TransferProtocol Secure file transfer program In computing , the SSH File TransferProtocol also Secret File TransferProtocol , Secure FTP , or SFTP is a network protocol that provides ... protocol SSH version 2.0 to provide secure file transfer capability, but is also intended to be usable ... available on most platforms. SFTP is not File TransferProtocol FTP run over Secure Shell SSH , but rather a new protocol designed from the ground up by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF SECSH working group . It is sometimes confused with Simple File TransferProtocol . ref name Barrett2001 ... file transfer functionality. Internet Draft s were created that successively revised the protocol ... began to view SFTP as a file system protocol, not just a file access or file transferprotocol, which ... File TransferProtocol was to provide a secure file transfer functionality over any reliable data stream, and to be the standard file transferprotocol for use with the SSH 2 protocol. Drafts 00 02 ... html draft ietf secsh filexfer 00 SSH File TransferProtocol, Draft 00, January 2001 http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf secsh filexfer 01 SSH File TransferProtocol, Draft 01, March 2001 http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf secsh filexfer 02 SSH File TransferProtocol, Draft 02, October ... html draft ietf secsh filexfer 03 SSH File TransferProtocol, Draft 03, October 2002 http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf secsh filexfer 04 SSH File TransferProtocol, Draft 04, December 2002 ... html draft ietf secsh filexfer 05 SSH File TransferProtocol, Draft 05, January 2004 Version 6 Drafts ... html draft ietf secsh filexfer 06 SSH File TransferProtocol, Draft 06, October 2004 http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf secsh filexfer 07 SSH File TransferProtocol, Draft 07, March 2005 http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf secsh filexfer 08 SSH File TransferProtocol, Draft 08, April 2005 http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf secsh filexfer 09 SSH File TransferProtocol, Draft 09, June ... more details
Other uses SFTP disambiguation Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 IPstack Simple File TransferProtocol , as defined by RFC 913, was proposed as an unsecured file transferprotocol with a level of complexity intermediate between Trivial File TransferProtocol TFTP and File TransferProtocol FTP . It was never widely accepted on the Internet , and is now assigned Historic status by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF . It is sometimes confused with SSH file transferprotocol , a secured file transferprotocol. It runs through port 115, and often receives the initialism of SFTP . It has a command set of 11 commands and support three types of data transmission ASCII , Binary file BINARY and CONTINUOUS. For systems which have WORD SIZE which are multiples of 8 bits, the implementation of BINARY and CONTINUOUS is the same. The Protocol computing protocol supports the following User id based login User id Password combination Hierarchical folders File Management Rename, Delete, Upload, Download, Download with overwrite, Download with append See also Trivial File TransferProtocol Trivial File TransferProtocol TFTP Category Network file transfer protocols web software stub de Simple File TransferProtocol nl Simple File TransferProtocol ... more details
The Mail TransferProtocol MTP is an Obsolete Technical or functional obsolescence obsolete Computer network network Protocol computing protocol used to reliably transfer E mail mail . Request for Comments Request for Comments RFC 780 ref http www.ietf.org rfc rfc780.txt RFC 780 Mail TransferProtocol ref , which defined this protocol, allocated Transmission Control Protocol Transmission Control Protocol TCP and User Datagram Protocol User Datagram Protocol UDP TCP and UDP port port List of TCP and UDP port numbers Ports 0 to 1023 57 for MTP. This port is no longer officially allocated for this Service systems architecture service by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA . Replacement The Simple Mail TransferProtocol SMTP , defined in Request for Comments RFC 788 ref http www.ietf.org rfc rfc788.txt RFC 788 Simple Mail TransferProtocol ref has replaced the Mail TransferProtocol. See also List of TCP and UDP port numbers Simple Mail TransferProtocol References references Category Internet protocols Category Application layer protocols Category Internet mail protocols compu network stub ... more details
The Quick Mail TransferProtocol QMTP is an e mail transmission Communications protocolprotocol that is designed to have better performance than Simple Mail TransferProtocol SMTP , the de facto standard. It was designed and implemented by Daniel J. Bernstein . QMTP uses fewer round trips, or transmissions compared to SMTP. External links http cr.yp.to proto qmtp.txt QMTP Protocol definition Category Internet mail protocols compu network stub pl QMTP pt QMTP ... more details
The Local Mail TransferProtocol LMTP is a derivative of ESMTP , the extension of the Simple Mail TransferProtocol . It is defined in RFC 2033. ref RFC 2033, The Local Mail TransferProtocol , J. Myers, The Internet Society October 1996 ref LMTP is designed as an alternative to normal SMTP for situations where the receiving side does not have a mail queue, such as a Message transfer agent mail storage server acting as a Mail Delivery Agent . Mail queues are an inherent requisite of SMTP. In situations in which mail queues are not possible, LMTP is desirable, since a mail storage server should manage only its mail store without having to allocate more storage for a mail queue. This is not possible with SMTP when there are multiple recipients for a mail message. SMTP can only indicate successful delivery or failure for all or none of the recipients, creating the need for a separate queue to handle the failed recipients. LMTP, on the other hand, can indicate success or failure to the client for each recipient, allowing the client to handle the queueing instead. The client in this case would typically be an Internet facing mail gateway. LMTP is not intended for use over wide area network s. In other words, the MTA still handles all outgoing mail, including the mail stream from the LMTP agent, to another mail server located somewhere on the Internet. LMTP is an Application Layer protocol of the Internet Protocol Suite . It uses a Transmission Control Protocol TCP transport like SMTP, but must not use port number 25, the well known port for SMTP. LMTP conversation syntax is based on the same commands as Extended SMTP with the following exceptions ESMTP s EHLO verb is replaced with LHLO . ESMTP requires a single status for the entire message body. LMTP requires a response for each previously successful RCPT command. That is, in case of multiple recipients, after the body of the message ... Mail TransferProtocol es LMTP fr Local Mail TransferProtocol lv LMTP pt Local Mail TransferProtocol ... more details
IPstack Simple Mail TransferProtocol SMTP is an Internet standard for E mail electronic mail e mail ... declared Internet standard STD 10 , ref name rfc821 RFC 821, Simple Mail TransferProtocol , J.B. ... 5321, Simple Mail TransferProtocol , J. Klensin, The Internet Society October 2008 ref which includes ... Network Mail Meeting Summary ref and Mail Protocol , both from 1973. ref RFC 524 A Proposed Mail ... Internet around 1980. Jon Postel then proposed a Mail TransferProtocol in 1980 that began to remove the mail s reliance on FTP . ref RFC 772 Mail TransferProtocol ref SMTP was published as RFC ..., or any other means, including the Local Mail TransferProtocol LMTP , a derivative of SMTP designed ... retrieval SMTP is a delivery protocol only. It cannot pull messages from a remote server on demand. Other ... Requirements BCP 134 RFC 5321 The Simple Mail TransferProtocol obsoletes RFC 821 aka ... Internet mail protocols ar az SMTP bs Simple Mail TransferProtocol ca Simple Mail TransferProtocol cs Simple Mail TransferProtocol da Simple Mail TransferProtocol de Simple Mail TransferProtocol et Lihtne meiliedastusprotokoll el SMTP es Simple Mail TransferProtocol eo SMTP eu SMTP fa fr Simple Mail TransferProtocol gl SMTP ko hr SMTP id Simple Mail TransferProtocol is Simple Mail TransferProtocol it Simple Mail TransferProtocol he Simple Mail TransferProtocol ku SMTP lv SMTP lb Simple Mail TransferProtocol lt SMTP hu Simple Mail TransferProtocol mk Simple Mail TransferProtocol ml ms Protokol Pindahan Mel Mudah nl Simple Mail TransferProtocol ja Simple Mail TransferProtocol no Simple Mail TransferProtocol nn Simple Mail TransferProtocol mhr SMTP pl Simple Mail TransferProtocol pt Simple Mail TransferProtocol ro SMTP ru SMTP simple Simple Mail TransferProtocol sk Simple Mail TransferProtocol sl SMTP sr SMTP sh SMTP fi SMTP sv SMTP th Simple Mail TransferProtocol tr SMTP ... more details
Picture TransferProtocol PTP is a widely supported protocol developed by the International Imaging Industry Association to allow the transfer of images from digital camera s to computers and other peripheral devices without the need of additional device driver s. The protocol has been standardised as International Organization for Standardization ISO 15740. It is further standardized for Universal Serial Bus USB by the USB Implementers Forum as the still image capture device class . USB is the default network transport media for PTP devices. USB PTP is a common alternative to USB mass storage device class USB MSC , as a digital camera connection protocol. Some cameras support both modes. Description PTP specifies a way of creating, transferring and manipulating objects which are typically ... http www.i3a.org technologies digitalimaging ptp Picture TransferProtocol PTP Now an International ... Microsoft and FotoNation Team to Support the Media TransferProtocol For Wireless Digital Still ... photography Category Network protocols de Picture TransferProtocol es Protocolo de transferencia de im genes fr Picture TransferProtocol ko nl Picture TransferProtocol ja ... be created. Storage PTP does not specify a way for objects to be stored it is a communication protocol ... specification. However, none of these are required, as PTP abstracts from the underlying representation ... cameras by Nikon , Canon company Canon , and Eastman Kodak , allows data transfer over any Internet Protocol IP based network. Media TransferProtocol , developed by Microsoft , allows for transfer over wireless or wired networks based in part on FotoNation s PTP IP, but also allows users to transfer other media aside from pictures, as well as for tagging objects with extended metadata such as title ... in their operating system s, from Windows Me onwards excluding Windows CE , and Mac OS X v10.1 ... the number of required transactions necessary for device characterization from being a function of the number ... more details
Media TransferProtocol Implementation Details ref Whereas PTP was designed for downloading photographs from digital camera s, Media TransferProtocol supports the transfer of music files on digital ...The Media TransferProtocol is a devised set of custom extensions to the Picture TransferProtocol PTP ... on personal digital assistant s. Media TransferProtocol commonly referred to as MTP is part of the Windows ... in support for MTP. Support for Media TransferProtocol in Windows XP requires the installation of Windows ... 1.0 on USB.org ref Overview The main purpose of this protocol is to facilitate the transfer of media computer file files and associated metadata to from devices, the management of media files ... includes MTP support since API level 12 3.1 . See also Picture TransferProtocol PTP Windows Media ... docs MTP 1.0.zip MTP 1.0 specification from the USB Implementers Forum http www.analogzone.com iot 0328.pdf Introduction to MTP Media TransferProtocol by Steve Kolokowsky http www.microsoft.com ... Windows multimedia technology de Media TransferProtocol es MTP fr Media TransferProtocol ko it Media TransferProtocol ja no MTP ru Media TransferProtocol sv MTP zh ... Enhanced.exe MTP Specification ref The protocol was originally implemented for use across USB but extended ... transfer all newly acquired or copied content to devices whenever they are connected. AutoSync is customizable so that the player will transfer only content that meets certain criteria songs rated ... Center specification , popularized this protocol. These devices were lined up at the 2004 Consumer ... such as Creative Technology and iriver have opted to embrace the MTP protocol and drop their own ... Identifier URI s. http libmtp.sourceforge.net libmtp a shared library implementing the MTP protocol ... xnjb XNJB which also uses the libmtp implementation of the protocol and http www.android.com filetransfer Android File Transfer for use with Android operating system Android devices. Symbian OS ... more details
Wireless Communications TransferProtocol WCTP is the method used to send messages to wireless devices such as pager s on NPCS Narrowband Personal Communications Service PCS networks. It uses HTTP as a transport layer over the World Wide Web . Development of WCTP was initiated by the Messaging Standards Committee and submitted to the Radio Paging Community. When the first proposal was received, a sub committee was established to improve the protocol and issue it as a specification. The sub committee was moved into the PTC Paging Technical Committee which is a volunteer committee composed of industry representatives. The PCIA Personal Communications Industry accepted the first full release and adopted the protocol as a PCIA standard. The current version is WCTP 1.3. External links http www.wctp.org release wctp v1r3 update1.pdf WCTP 1.3 Update 1 specification http www.notepage.net wctp.htm WCTP Settings for Carriers Comm stub Category Application layer protocols ... more details
About the < abbr> HTML tag HTML element guidelines on making and editing abbreviation articles on Wikipedia Wikipedia Disambiguation and abbreviations Refimprove date May 2008 An abbreviationfrom ... or syllable s and bringing together the first and last letters or elements an abbreviation may be made either by omitting certain portions from the interior or by cutting off a part. A contraction is an abbreviation, but an abbreviation is not necessarily a contraction. However, normally acronyms ... title Doctor Contraction Dr D r Professor Abbreviation Prof. Prof... The Reverend Contraction or Abbreviation Revd or Rev. Rev d The Right Honourable Contraction and Abbreviation Rt Hon. R t Hon ... abbreviation is an abbreviation formed from usually initial syllables of several words, such as Interpol ... of a Letter alphabet letter or group of letters taken from the word or phrase. For example, the word abbreviation can itself be represented by the abbreviation abbr. , abbrv. or abbrev. In strict ... are connoted by the term abbreviation in loose parlance. ref name harts cite book title New Hart ... 19 861041 6 ref rp p167 An abbreviation is a shortening by any method a contraction is a reduction ... can also be used to give a different context to the word itself, such as PIN Number wherein if the abbreviation were removed the context would be invalid . History See also Scribal abbreviation Abbreviations ..., sometimes spawned a trend toward abbreviation. The standardisation of English language English in the 15th ... manually reproducing academic texts to reduce the copy time. An example from the Oxford University ... theory in academic Britain, abbreviating became very fashionable. The use of abbreviation for the names of J. R. R. Tolkien and his friend C. S. Lewis , and other members of the Oxford literary ... 2011 Likewise, a century earlier in Boston , a fad of abbreviation started that swept the United ... French , the period only follows an abbreviation if the last letter in the abbreviation is not the last ... more details
Merge from UDP Data Transport discuss Talk UDP based Data TransferProtocol Merger proposal date October ... system Cross platform programming language C genre Protocol computing posix compliant license BSD License website http udt.sourceforge.net UDP based Data TransferProtocol UDT , is a high performance data transferprotocol designed for transferring large volumetric datasets over high speed wide ... performance computing area to support high speed data transfer over optical networks. For example, GridFTP , a popular data transfer tool in grid computing, uses UDT as its data transferprotocol ... and Hoang, D. B Empirical Survey Experimentation and Implementations of High Speed Protocol Data Transfer ... Protocol TCP protocol. Initial versions were developed and tested on very high speed networks 1Gbit s, 10Gbit s, etc. however, recent versions of the protocol have been updated to support the commodity Internet as well. For example, the protocol now supports rendezvous connection setup, which is a desirable ... transfer and is part of many research projects and commercial products. Background UDT was developed ... and improve the protocol after graduation. The UDT project started in 2001, when inexpensive optical ... Library , was designed to support bulk data transfer for scientific data movement over private networks. SABUL used UDP for data transfer and a separate TCP connection for control messages. SABUL was later ... a new congestion control algorithm that allowed the protocol to run fairly and friendly with concurrent UDT and TCP flows. UDT3 2006 extended the usage of the protocol to the commodity Internet. Congestion ... version of the protocol is currently in the planning stage. Possible features include the ability ..., optical networks . Protocol Architecture UDT is built on top of User Datagram Protocol UDP by adding ..., duplex protocol that supports both reliable data streaming and partial reliable messaging. Acknowledging ... path when the data transfer speed is high, because in these situations, the number of ACKs ... more details
as Knowledge Management System . Two other influential hypertext projects from the early ... quickly exploded from only 500 known web servers in 1993 to over 10,000 in 1994. Thus, all earlier hypertext ...Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or other electronic device with references hyperlinks to other ... Early precursors to hypertext Recorders of information have long looked for ways to categorize and compile ... dictionaries, encyclopedias also developed a precursor to hypertext the setting of certain words ... . Janet Murray has referenced Jorge Luis Borges The Garden of Forking Paths as a precursor to the hypertext ... book and maze of Ts ui Pen is that of a novel that can be read in multiple ways, a hypertext novel ... digital computer. Borges also mentions how hypertext has similarities to a labyrinth ... did he invent the hypertext novel Borges went on to describe a theory of the universe based upon the structure ... proto hypertext systems predating electronic computer technology. For example, in the early 20th ... intensive, Brute force search brute force methods. Paul Otlet proposed a proto hypertext concept based ... record without including the link model which distinguishes the modern concept of hypertextfrom content or category based information retrieval . The Memex main article Memex All major histories of what we now call hypertext start in 1945, when Vannevar Bush wrote an article in The Atlantic ... books, writings, or any document from a library. The Memex would also be able to create trails of linked and branching sets of pages, combining pages from the published microfilm library with personal ... of 1945 technology microfilm recording and retrieval in this case. However, the modern story of hypertext ... men generally credited with the invention of hypertext, Ted Nelson and Douglas Engelbart . The invention of hypertext Starting in 1963, Ted Nelson developed a model for creating and using linked content he called hypertext and hypermedia first published reference 1965 ref http faculty.vassar.edu mijoyce ... more details
by Eastgate Systems in 1991, is generally considered one of the first hypertext fictions. Afternoon was followed by a series of other Storyspace hypertext fictions from Eastgate Systems , including ... page1.html The hypertext Tristram Shandy page , David R. Hammontree s page http www3.iath.virginia.edu elab hfl0241.html The Non linear Tradition in Literature from The Electronic Labyrinth by Christopher ...Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature , characterized by the use of hypertext links which ... from one node of text to the next, and in this fashion arranges a story from a deeper pool of potential ... and Julio Cort zar s Rayuela 1963 translated as Hopscotch are early examples predating the word Hypertext History hypertext , while a common pop culture example is the Choose Your Own Adventure series in young adult fiction and other similar gamebook s. The Garden of Forking Paths is both a hypertext story and a description of a fictional hypertext work. History The first hypertext fictions were ... Roger was published online on Artcom Electronic Network on The WELL from 1986 to 1987 Carolyn Guyer s Quibbling , Shelley Jackson s Patchwork Girl hypertext Patchwork Girl and Deena Larsen s Marble ... for the 2000 Whitney Biennial ref Some other web examples of hypertext fiction include Adrienne ... also Interactive novel Cybertext Hypertext poetry Storyspace References references Cite journal last ... Cite journal last Allen first Michael title This Is Not a Hypertext, But... A Set of Lexias on Textuality ... Hypertext Explorations and Constructions . London Continuum. External links External links date ... RYOH &mdash Roll Your Own Hypertext. http www.cisenet.com cisenet writing essays hypernarrative.htm ... Organization for more on hypertext literature http www.dichtung digital.com Dichtung Digital. Journal ... catalog Fiction.html Eastgate catalog catalog of historically significant Hypertext fiction, nonfiction and poetry Fiction writing DEFAULTSORT Hypertext Fiction Category Hypertext Category Narrative ... more details
Postal abbreviation can refer to Australian postal abbreviations Canadian subnational postal abbreviations United States postal abbreviations disambig ... more details
refimprove date April 2012 KMS , an abbreviation of Knowledge Management System , was a commercial second generation hypermedia system, originally created as a successor for the early hypermedia system ZOG hypertext ZOG . KMS was developed by Don McCracken and Rob Akscyn of Knowledge Systems, a 1981 spinoff from the Computer Science Department of Carnegie Mellon University. The purpose of KMS was to let many users collaborate in creating and sharing information within large, shared hypertext, and from the very beginning, the system was designed as a true multi user system. As a spatial hypermedia system, KMS was intended to represent all forms of explicit knowledge artifacts such as presentations, documents, databases, and software programs, as well as common forms of electronic communication electronic mail , community BBS bulletin board s, blog s . The central element in the KMS data model is that of screen sized pages called frames that are interconnected by hyperlink links . The user had the option at any time of switching between a view of a single frame good for large, landscape oriented diagrams or two side by side half screen views suitable for two portrait sized pages . Frames are always fixed size, meaning scrolling is not needed. The frame model is spatial rather than character based, so that text, graphics and images may always be placed anywhere in the frame, even overlapping one another. Another way to say this is that empty space in the frame actually denotes space ..., run programs from a tree of frames starting at any frame. In KMS, links are one way and are embedded in frames. They may go from any text item, point, graphical entity, or image in the source frame ... by users, and more especially agents, as part of the hierarchical structure of the hypertext ... any frame for which they have permission. Authors can even protect frames from inadvertent editing ... 31 issue 7 year 1988 pages 820 835 doi 10.1145 48511.48513 Category Hypertext ... more details
refimprove date April 2012 ZOG was an early hypertext system developed at Carnegie Mellon University during the 1970s by Donald McCracken and Robert Akscyn. ZOG was first developed by Allen Newell and George Robertson to serve as the front end for AI and Cognitive Science programs brought together at CMU for a summer workshop. The ZOG project was as an outgrowth of long term artificial intelligence research led by Allen Newell and funded by the Office of Naval Research . ZOG consisted of frames that contained a title, a description, a line containing ZOG system commands, and selections menu items that led to other frames. ZOG pioneered the frame or card model of hypertext later popularized by HyperCard . In such systems, the frames or cards cannot scroll to show content that is part of the same document but held offscreen. Instead, text that exceeds the capacity of one screen must be placed in another which then constitutes a separate frame or card . The ZOG database became fully functional around 1977. Beginning in 1980, ZOG was ported from DEC VAX version written in an experimental language called L to the Pascal programming language Pascal based PERQ Three Rivers PERQ workstation and was used for a shipwide local area network on the American aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson . In 1981, Rob Akscyn and Donald McCracken, two principals from the ZOG project, founded Knowledge Systems to develop and market a commercial follow on to ZOG called KMS hypertext KMS Knowledge Management System . References cite book coauthors Robertson, C. K., D. L. McCracken and A. Newell title The ZOG approach to man machine communication, Technical Report CMU CS 79 148 publisher Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Computer Science location Pittsburgh, PA, USA year 1979 Category Hypertext pl ZOG ... more details
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