English, and Welsh English that date March 2009 hidden headerstyle background ccccff IPA vowels chart audio representations IPAchart vowels with audio position center IPAchart vowels This concise ... ScE Scottish English SAE South African English SSE Standard Singapore English WaE Welsh EnglishChart Note An Image IPAChart for English 2.png image of the chart is also available This chart lists the diaphoneme ... American South dialects, distinguish IPA hw from IPAlink w see Phonological history of English consonants ... C. Wells of RP transcriptions IPA navigation DEFAULTSORT International Phonetic Alphabet Chart For English ... Inggeris or IPA for English ru simple IPAchart for English ... Alphabet IPA to represent English language pronunciations. See Pronunciation respelling for English ... Help IPA for English Dia br phoneme small ref name PE This is the compromise IPA transcription used in the entries of Wikipedia articles. It covers most dialects of English. ref small width 20 Phones Examples colspan 3 IPAEnglish Consonant s IPA p IPA p , IPAlink p p en, s p in, ti p IPA ... in some positions in EnglishEnglish, American English and Australian English, and IPA t non initially in Irish English. ref t wo, s t ing, be t IPA d IPAlink d , IPAlink ref Pronounced IPAblink in some positions in GA and Australian English. ref d o, o dd IPA t IPA t , spaces 2 IPAlink t ... IPA t in Irish English, Newfoundland English, and New York English, merges with IPA f in some varieties of EnglishEnglish, and merges with IPA t in some varieties of Caribbean English. ref th ing, tee th IPA IPAlink , IPA d ref Pronounced IPA d in Irish English, Newfoundland English, and New York English, merges with IPA v in some varieties of EnglishEnglish, and merges with IPA d in some varieties of Caribbean English. ref th is, brea the , fa th er IPA s IPAlink s s ee, c ity, pa ss ... in the chart. Notably Cockney, New York English, Estuary English, Pittsburgh English, and African ... more details
Inline audio The International Phonetic Alphabet , or IPA , is an alphabetic system of phonetic transcription phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet . It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language. ref name IPA 1999 International Phonetic Association IPA , Handbook . ref In the IPA, vowel sounds are defined as sound which occurs at a syllable center. ref International Phonetic Association, Handbook , p. 10. ref Below is a chart depicting the vowels of the IPA, with audio examples of each. The IPA maps the vowels according to the position of the tongue. Wide template IPAchart vowels with audio 100 References reflist See also IPA pulmonic consonants chart with audio IPA navigation Use dmy dates date October 2010 DEFAULTSORT Ipa Vowels Chart With Audio Category International Phonetic Alphabet Category Vowel letters Phonetics stub ... more details
Inline audio The International Phonetic Alphabet , or IPA , is an alphabetic system of phonetic transcription phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet . It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language. ref name IPA 1999 International Phonetic Association IPA , Handbook . ref In the IPA, a Egressive pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis the space between the vocal cords or Mouth oral cavity the mouth and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs. Pulmonic consonants make up the majority of consonants in the IPA, as well as in human language. All consonants in the English language fall into this category. ref Cite book last Fromkin first Victoria authorlink Victoria Fromkin coauthors Rodman, Robert title An Introduction to Language origyear 1974 year 1998 publisher Harcourt Brace College Publishers location Fort Worth, TX edition 6th isbn 0 03 018682 X ref Wide template IPAchart pulmonic consonants with audio 100 References reflist See also IPA vowels chart with audio IPA navigation Use dmy dates date October 2010 DEFAULTSORT Ipa Pulmonic Consonants Chart With Audio Category International Phonetic Alphabet ... more details
refimprove date July 2011 This is a list of dialects of the English language . Dialect s are variety ... and from Standard English which is itself a dialect . Dialects can be usefully defined as sub forms ... in pronunciation and use of local words may make some Englishdialects almost unintelligible to speakers from other regions. The major native dialects of English are often divided by linguists ... and surroundings Belfast Ulster English Derry City and surroundings Derry Ulster Scots dialects Ulster ... New York Northeast Pennsylvania English Mid Atlantic dialects Baltimore dialect Philadelphia dialect Pittsburgh English New York dialect New Jersey Englishdialects Inland Northern American English ... Englishdialects Mojave English Isletan English Tsimshian English Lumbee English Tohono O ... English Norfuk language New Zealand English NZE, NZEng New Zealand EnglishDialects within New Zealand English Maori English New Zealand EnglishDialects within New Zealand English Southland accent Pitkern ... differences and dialects in Indian English Punjabi Delhi English Punjabi Delhi English Regional differences and dialects in Indian English U.P. Bihari Bhaiyya English U.P Bihari English Regional differences and dialects in Indian English Bengali Assamese English Bengali Assamese English Regional differences and dialects in Indian English Oriya English Oriya English Regional differences and dialects in Indian English Gujarati English Gujarati English Regional differences and dialects in Indian English Maharashtrian English Maharashtrian English Regional differences and dialects in Indian English Kannadiga English Kannadiga English Regional differences and dialects in Indian English Telugu English Telugu English Regional differences and dialects in Indian English Tamil English Tamil English Regional differences and dialects in Indian English Malayalee English Malayalee English Malaysian ..., some being genuine local dialects of English used by first language English speakers, and some ... more details
See also New York dialect North American English regional phonology Northeastern dialects Regional vocabularies of American English North Jersey Central Jersey South Jersey References Labov, William 1982 The social stratification of English in New York City Center for Applied Linguistics ISBN 0 87281 ... York dialect and the Atlas of North American English. Englishdialects by continent Category American ... and to a lesser extent, other regions of the US. North Jersey English The Gateway Region northeast ... rhotic a Brooklynite might pronounce over there as ovah deh IPA o v d , while a North Jerseyan might say over deir IPA o v d , much like a lot of dialects throughout the rest of the United States. Also, it lacks a phonemic Phonological history of English short A Phonemic tensing in the Mid Atlantic region short a split , though the Atlas of North American English by William Labov et al. shows ... North Plainfield it has also diffused to other places like Midland American English Cincinnati Cincinnati , Yat dialect New Orleans , and Hudson Valley English Albany . However, the system in these communities ... dialect for example, the pronunciation of IPA , the vowel in words like coffee , dog , and talk is high vowel raised and tensed to IPA o or even higher in New Jersey and New York alike. Regarding ... of American Regional English . Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. Harvard University ... Jersey English South Jersey is within the Philadelphia accent Philadelphia dialect region. One recognizable feature of this is the pronunciation of IPA o the vowel in go as IPA , and this can also ... belief, almost no one in New Jersey refers to the state as IPA d zi , typically written as Joisey . The pronunciation of IPA as IPA instead of the standard American IPA , which this stereotype ... 0 631 17914 3 Labov, William, Ash, S. and Boberg, C. 2001 Atlas of North American English DeGruyter ... ISBN 0 631 17916 X Wolfram, Walt & Natalie Schilling Estes 2005 American English 2nd edition ... more details
2008 06 international dialects of english.html http pronounce.blogspot.com 2008 04 international dialects of english.html http brooklynbrainery.com links 19 international dialects of english archive ...Orphan date August 2011 cleanup link rot date July 2011 http web.ku.edu idea The International Dialects of English Archive IDEA is a free, online archive of primary source dialect and Accent linguistics accent recordings of the English language. The archive was founded in 1997 at the University of Kansas and includes hundreds of recordings of English speakers throughout the world. IDEA is divided into 10 major sections Africa , Asia , Australia Oceania , Caribbean , Central America , Europe , Middle East , North America , South America and Special Collections, with further divisions by country. Most speakers read a passage of scripted text and also speak some unscripted text, usually containing biographical information about themselves, such as their age, where they were born and where they have ... and terms. The Archive is used primarily by students of accents and dialects, researchers, linguist s, actor s and those wishing to either study English pronunciation or learn a new dialect or accent ... of Kansas professor and dialect coach Paul Meier, author of Accents & Dialects for Stage and Screen ... Daily Kansan. Global English Editors. Global English http www.globalenglish.com m about partners .... Meier, Paul 2001 . Accents & Dialects for Stage and Screen. Lawrence, Kansas Paul Meier Dialect ... and Dialect Resources. VASTA , p. 6. Parkin, Lin June 17, 2008 . Got an IDEA of How EnglishDialects Sound? Voice Over Times. Roberts, Sam January 16, 2006 . Mayor s Accent Deserts Boston for New ... idea http www.aacircle.com.au directory detail.php?linkid 394 http jeffreyhill.typepad.com english 2005 02 international d.html http esl teaching resources.blogspot.com 2009 09 international dialects of english.html Categories Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category English language ... more details
The Survey of EnglishDialects was undertaken between 1950 and 1961 under the direction of Professor Harold Orton of the English department of the University of Leeds . It aimed to collect the full range ... thumb A map displaying the localities included in the Survey of EnglishDialects. TOCright Methodology .... New York Seminar Press. Orton, Harold et al. 1962 71 . Survey of EnglishDialects Basic Materials ... Widdowson, J. D. A. 1994 . Survey of EnglishDialects the Dictionary and Grammar. London and New York Routledge. Upton, Clive Widdowson, J. D. A. 2006 . An Atlas of EnglishDialects. 2nd ed. London and New ... Survey of EnglishDialects, the University of Leeds has started work on a new project. In May ... See also Survey of Anglo Welsh Dialects Cockney Cumbrian dialect East Anglian English East Midlands English Pitmatic Welsh English West Country dialects West Midlands English Yorkshire dialect and accent ... Dialects University of Leeds http www.yorksj.ac.uk dialect SED.htm The Survey of EnglishDialects Yorkshire Dialect Society http sounds.bl.uk Browse.aspx?collection Survey of Englishdialects Extracts ... team 2007 2020 . Englishdialects by continent Category British English Category English culture ... of saying left handed , The Times , September 8, 1970 ref Standardisation of the English language was expected ... located close to the English border. Priority was given to rural areas with a history of a stable population ... dialects found in the survey, that at http sounds.bl.uk View.aspx?item 021M C0908X0048XX ... been produced from the survey s material, Survey of English Dialect the Dictionary and Grammar 1993 and An Atlas of EnglishDialects 1996 , both co authored by Upton and Widdowson. ref http www.leeds.ac.uk english staff pages publics uptpubs.htm Recent publications by Clive Upton School of English .... This is preserved at the Leeds Archive of Vernacular Culture, part of the School of English of the University of Leeds. ref http www.leeds.ac.uk english activities lavc IMdocs.htm Incidental ... more details
IPA notice Indian English has developed a number of dialects, distinct from the General Standard Indian English that educators have attempted to establish and institutionalize, and it is possible to distinguish a person s sociolinguistic background from the dialect that they employ. These dialects are influenced ... with English. The dialects can differ markedly in their phonology, to the point that two speakers using two different dialects can find each others accents mutually unintelligible. ref name SethiSethiDhamija2004 ref name Sarangi2004 ref name Schneider2007 Indian English is a network of varieties ... of India . This network comprises both regional and occupational dialects of English. The widely recognized dialects include Malayali English, Tamilian English, Punjabi English, Bengali English, Hindi English, alongside several more obscure dialects such as Butler English a.k.a. Bearer English , Babu English, and Bazaar English and several Code switching code mixed varieties of English. ref name ... language Hinglish Interlanguage List of dialects of the English language Tanglish Tenglish References ... dialects by continent DEFAULTSORT Regional Differences And Dialects In Indian English Category Languages ... of these regional socio economic dialects is the same form of language contact that has given rise to Scottish English . ref name Hickey2004 Babu English Babu English a.k.a. Baboo English , the name originally coming from the Bengali language Bengali word for a gentleman, is a dialect of English ... English, it is now no longer confined solely to clerks, and can be found in Nepal , north ... characteristics of Babu English are the florid, excessively polite, and indirect manner of expression ..., B.A. , for over a century. ref name Kachru1 ref name Aravamudan2006 Bazaar English Empty section date October 2008 Boxwallah English Empty section date October 2008 Butler English Butler English , also known as Bearer English or Kitchen English , is a dialect of English that first developed ... more details
Main Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet col begin col 3 class wikitable colspan 3 SAMPA English Consonant s width 20 SAMPA Examples IPA tt p tt p en, s p in, ti p IPA p tt b tt b ut, we b IPA b tt t tt t wo, s t ing, be t IPA t tt d tt d o, o dd IPA d tt tS tt ch air, na t ure, tea ch IPA t tt dZ tt g in, j oy, e dge IPA d tt k tt c at, k ill, s k in, q ueen, thi ck IPA k tt g tt g o, g et, be g IPA tt f tt f ool, enou gh , lea f IPA f tt v tt v oice, ha ve , o f IPA v tt T tt th ing, brea th IPA tt D tt th is, brea the IPA tt s tt s ee, c ity, pa ss IPA s tt z tt z oo, ro s e IPA z tt S tt sh e, s ure, emo ti on, lea sh IPA tt Z tt plea s ure, bei ge IPA tt h tt h am IPA h tt m tt m an, ha m IPA m tt n tt n o, ti n IPA n tt N tt si ng er, ri ng IPA tt l tt l eft, be ll IPA l tt r tt r un, ve r y IPA tt w tt w e IPA w tt j tt y es IPA j tt W tt wh at some accents, such as Scottish English Scottish IPA tt x tt lo ch Scottish IPA x English col 3 class wikitable colspan 7 SAMPA English Vowel s colspan 3 SAMPA rowspan 2 Examples colspan 3 IPA Received Pronunciation RP General American GenAm Australian English phonology AuE RP GenAm AuE tt A tt tt A tt tt a tt f a ther IPAIPAIPA a tt i tt tt i tt tt i tt s ee IPA i IPA i IPA i tt I tt tt I tt tt I tt c i ty IPAIPAIPA tt E tt tt E tt tt e tt b e d IPAIPAIPA e tt 3 tt tt 3 tt tt 3 tt b ir d IPAIPAIPA tt tt tt tt tt tt ref See Phonological history of English short A Bad lad ... tt tt tt tt tt winn er IPAIPAIPA col 3 class wikitable colspan 7 SAMPA English Diphthong s colspan ... English phonology AuE RP GenAm AuE tt eI tt tt eI tt or tt e tt tt I tt d ay IPA e IPA e ... IPAIPA tt ju tt tt ju tt tt j tt p u pil IPA ju IPA ju IPA j col end English class wikitable ..., for example tt rIdn tt for ridd en references See also International Phonetic Alphabet chart for Englishdialects X SAMPA Category SAMPA Category English phonology ca SAMPA nl Klankinventaris van het ... more details
V DEFAULTSORT English And French Monarchs Overlap Chart Category English monarchs Category French ...Unreferenced date November 2008 This chart shows which monarchs of England and France reigned at the same time. France has had no monarchs since 1870. Monarchs of Great Britain 1707 1801 and the United Kingdom 1801 present are listed under England in this chart for simplicity. Very short overlaps may not be shown such as in 1830, 1715 and 1559 . Incomplete date August 2009 class wikitable Years English monarch French monarch Conflicts between them Notes align center 1852 1870 rowspan 3 Victoria of the United Kingdom Victoria Napoleon III of France Napoleon III Napoleon III exiled to England in 1870 Allies in the Crimean War align center 1848 1852 French Second Republic 2nd Republic align center 1837 1848 rowspan 2 Louis Philippe of France Louis Philippe align center 1830 1837 William IV of the United Kingdom William IV align center 1824 1830 rowspan 2 George IV of the United Kingdom George IV Charles X of France Charles X align center 1820 1824 rowspan 2 Louis XVIII of France Louis XVIII align center 1814 1820 rowspan 5 George III of the United Kingdom George III The Treaty of Paris 1815 led to restoration of Louis align center 1804 1814 Napoleon I of France Napoleon I Napoleonic Wars align center 1792 1804 French First Republic 1st Republic French Revolutionary Wars align center 1774 1792 Louis XVI of France Louis XVI American Revolutionary War align center 1760 1774 rowspan 3 Louis XV of France Louis XV Seven Years War to 1763 align center 1727 1760 George II of Great Britain George II Seven Years War from 1756 , br War of the Austrian Succession 1740 to 48 align center 1715 1727 George I of Great Britain George I Jacobite Rising s Allies in War of the Quadruple Alliance align center 1702 1714 Anne of Great Britain Anne rowspan 6 Louis XIV of France Louis XIV War of the Spanish Succession align center 1689 1702 William III of England William III br and Mary II of England ... more details
IPA Extensions may refer to Extensions to the IPA , extra symbols to be used in conjunction with the IPA, designed for transcribing disordered speech, and occasionally used for transcribing normal speech IPA Extensions unicode block , Unicode character block which encodes modern, historical, and proposed IPA symbols disambig ... more details
American IPA may refer to Beer, an Americanized version of the India Pale Ale style, closely resembling an extra hoppy American Pale Ale . International Phonetic Alphabet for English . disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
wiktionary IPAIPA can stand for India Pale Ale , a style of beer Indigenous Protected Area , Australia Informaticien professionnel agr , French Canadian for Information Systems Professional Information Practices Act of 1977, a California privacy law Information Processing Architecture , networking software from International Computers Limited , UK. Instrument for Pre Accession Assistance , funding assistance programme of the EU Intermediate power amplifier , a part of a radio transmitter International Phonetic Alphabet , a system of phonetic notation Interpretative phenomenological analysis Interprocedural analysis or interprocedural optimization , in computer science an optimization technique Invasion Magic The Gathering Invasion, Planeshift, Apocalypse , an expansion block for the card game Magic the Gathering IP address on the internet iPhone application .ipa file extension file extension .ipa Isopropyl alcohol , or rubbing alcohol Organizations International Phonetic Association , publishing the International Phonetic Alphabet Independent Pilots Association United States Independent Pilots Association UK International Play Association Independent practice association Independent Practice Association International Publishers Association International Psychoanalytical Association Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia Independent Psychiatric Association Russia International Permafrost Association International Polka Association International Police Academy, operated by the Office of Public Safety International Police Association Institute of Practitioners in Advertising ... Portugal disambiguation Other languages cs IPA rozcestn k da IPA de IPA Begriffskl rung es IPA eo IPA fr IPA ko IPA hr IPA id IPA it IPA he IPA jv IPA nl IPA nds nl IPA ja IPA pl IPA ujednoznacznienie pt IPA ro IPA dezambiguizare ru IPA sl IPA fi IPA t smennyssivu sv IPA olika betydelser th IPA ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 advert December 2010 notability December 2010 Ipa Nima http thestar.com.my lifestyle story.asp?file 2006 1 8 lifeliving 12987528&sec lifeliving is a designer fashion brand founded by former Hong Kong litigator Christina Yu after she moved to Vietnam in 1995. External links http ipa nima boutique.com Ipa Nima Boutique website Category Clothing brands of Hong Kong Category Companies established in 1995 ... more details
IPA align center IPA u Phonological and lexicological differences class wikitable English gloss ...Pashto dialects lang ps da Pax to g doduna can be divided into two main varieties a harsh ... . The SIL International SIL Ethnologue divides Pashto into four dialects Northern, Central and Southern .... SIL International. ref Dialects The differences between the southern and northern dialects are primarily ... central dialects, from Afridi and Wardaki to Khosti and Wazirwola , are lexicologically different .... In the east central dialects of Waziristan , Bannu District Bannu and Zadran District Zadran which ... Four Varieties of Pashto ref One of the primary features of the dialects is the difference ... are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA class wikitable border 1 cellspacing 0 cellpadding ... center IPA align center IPA align center IPA t s align center IPA d z align center IPA align center IPA align center IPA u align left Southeastern north Balochistan, Pakistan Balochistan , including Quetta align center IPA align center IPA align center IPA t s align center IPA d z align center IPA align center IPA align center IPA u align left Waneci dialect Waneci Harnai District Harnai and Sinjawi Tehsil Sinjawi align center IPA align center IPA align center IPA t , t s align center IPA d , d z align center IPA align center IPA align center IPA u align left Marwat Lakki Marwat District Lakki Marwat align center IPA align center IPA align center IPA t align center IPA d align center IPA align center IPA align center IPA u align left Khattak Karak District Karak align center IPA align center IPA align center IPA t s align center IPA z align center IPA align center IPA o align center IPA u align left Banucei Bannu District Bannu align center IPA align center IPA align center IPA s align center IPA z align center IPA align center IPA o align center IPA i align left Wazirwola dialect Wazirwola Waziristan align center IPA , align ... more details
to IPA i , instead of being monophthongized as in the south. It is usually believed that the dialects ... to IPA o by most speakers of Portuguese. In the dialects of Alto Minho and Tr s os Montes northern ... Galicia , although for most speakers it has merged with IPA . Some dialects of northern Portugal ... of the IPA realizations that can be observed in all southern dialects. In northern Portugal, the pronoun ... u ka u novu or IPA u mew i m w k p ow ka novu in these dialects. In the dialect spoken ...More footnotes date September 2010 Portuguese dialects are variants of the Portuguese language that are shared ... dialects are mostly in phonology, in the frequency of usage of certain grammatical forms, and especially .... As a consequence, all Portuguese dialects are mutually intelligible although for some of the most ... Brazilian Portuguese. Within the two major varieties of Portuguese, most differences between dialects ... EXAMPLES NEEDED Main subdivisions Africa Main African Portuguese For historical reasons, the dialects of Africa are generally closer to those of Portugal than the Brazilian dialects, although in some ... and Brazilian Portuguese. Asia Main Portuguese in Asia and Oceania Asian Portuguese dialects are similar ... rhotic IPA is pronounced as a voiced uvular fricative IPA or uvular trill IPA . Brazil Main Brazilian Portuguese Brazilian dialects are divided into a northern and southern groups, where the northern dialects tend to slightly more vowel Articulation open pre stress linguistics stressed vowels ... de Janeiro in Brazil, their dialects end up having some influence on the rest of the country. However ... Portugueses del Uruguay Uruguayan Portuguese Dialects, or DPU for short . There s still no consensus ... , Fronterizo , Brasilero or simply Portu ol . Portugal Main European Portuguese The dialects of Portugal can be divided into two major groups The southern and central dialects are broadly characterized by preserving the distinction between IPA b and IPA v , and by the tendency to monophthongize ... more details
stop IPA p of Poshchim Bangla correspond to IPA x and IPA f in many dialects of Purbo Bangla ... IPA and IPA . Unlike most languages of the region, some Purbo Bangla dialects do not include ...Culture of Bengal The dialects of the Bengali language are part of the List of Eastern Indo Aryan languages ... Mymensingh region are major spoken dialects in Bangladesh. Sylheti language Sylheti , Chittagonian ... languages that are often considered dialects of Bengali. Although these languages are mutually intelligible with neighboring dialects of Bengali, they lack mutual intelligibility with the Bengali language and would not be understood by a native speaker of Standard Bengali. Bengali dialects can be split ... HT D 0212.htm Article on Bengali dialects , Banglapedia ref Spoken Bengali exhibits far more variation ... other spoken dialects, or Ancholik Bangla i.e. regional Bengali . The majority of Bengalis ... , dialects specific to a village or town. To a non Bengali, these dialects may sound or look vastly ... one. Many dialects share features with the so called Shadhu Bhasha or pure language , which was the written standard until the 19th century. Comparison of Bengali dialects gives us an idea about ... and lexical vocabulary variations. The name of the dialects generally originates from the district ... among the religious communities. Apart from the present dialects, there are a few more which have ... of South western Rarh region . The present dialects of Bengali are listed below with an example sentence meaning English translation A man had two sons. Bangla Shadhubhasha k puru r du i putr chhil . West Central dialects These dialect are mostly spoken in and around the Bhagirathi River basin ... chhele chhilo. Bangali dialects , including Eastern and Southeastern Bengali dialects The Eastern dialects ... nasalized vowels or a distinction in approximant IPA and flap IPA , pronouncing them all as IPA . This is also true of the Sylheti language Sylheti dialect , which has been influenced by Assamese ... more details
in Bulgarian Western Bulgarian dialects have only IPA for yat in all positions and the Balkan dialects have IPA a or IPA , depending on the character of the following syllable, the Rup dialects ... or the Balkan dialects. These reflexes include IPA a in all positions, broad IPA in all positions, IPA a before a hard syllable and broad e IPA before a soft syllable, broad e IPA in a stressed ... Rup dialects The reflex of Old Church Slavonic yat is usually IPA a before a hard syllable and broad ... dialects , yet stronger than the one accepted in the formal language Transition of a into IPA or broad ...Image Bulgarian dialects by Todor Bozhinov.png right thumb 250px Map of the Bulgarian dialects within Bulgaria The Rup dialects , or the Southeastern dialects, are a group of Bulgarian language Bulgarian dialects located east of the yat boundary, thus being part of the Yat Yat in Bulgarian Eastern Bulgarian dialects . The range of the Rup dialects includes the southern part of Thrace , i.e. Strandzha ... wars and World War I , the Rup dialects covered a much larger territory, including vast areas of Eastern ... population in these areas fled or resettled to Bulgaria and nowadays, the Rup dialects ... the Northwestern Bulgarian dialects Northwestern or the Balkan dialects , the dialects included in the Rup ... The following phonological and morphological characteristics apply to all Rup dialectsIPA t IPA d for Proto Slavic IPA t IPA d as in Standard Bulgarian , lentils, between A large number of palatal consonants in all possible positions of the word IPAIPAIPA vs. formal Bulgarian wrists Soft palatal IPA , IPA , IPA t IPA vs. formal Bulgarian frog . The Rup dialects are very archaic with regard to this as in all other Bulgarian dialects, these consonants have become hard and are now part of the hard consonants Preserved consonant IPA x in all positions walks Widespread labialisation of IPA i into IPA u vs ... more details
. R variants Most dialects use an alveolar flap IPAIPA or alveolar trill IPAIPA r for r . However ... y IPA oy IPA i IPA ei IPA y IPA uy IPA u IPA eu IPA o IPA ou West Norwegian dialects have also ... in certain dialects of modern Norwegian. IPA ei IPA e IPA y IPAIPA au IPA This shift ... pronoun exist in Norwegian dialects Vi , pronounced IPA vi , common in parts of Eastern Norway, most ... dialects are commonly divided into 4 main groups, North Norwegian nordnorsk , Tr ndelag Norwegian ... Norwegian innlandsm l is considered a fifth group. The dialects are generally mutually intelligible ... understanding it. Dialects can be as local as farm clusters, but many linguists note an ongoing ... till the early 20th century. As a result, local dialects had a tendency to be influenced by each other ..., has characteristics in common with coastal dialects to the west, the dialects of northern Gudbrandsdalen to the south, and other dialects in S r Tr ndelag from the north. The linguist Einar Haugen ... device . Other transitional dialects include the dialects of Romsdal and Arendal. On the other hand, newly industrialized communities near sources of hydroelectric power have developed dialects consistent ... of new dialects in these areas. Similarly, in the early 20th century a dialect closely approximating ... Norwegian language struggle Till the 20th century, rural dialects were considered an attribute of the uneducated ... led to various countercultural movements ranging from the adoption of radical forms of Oslo dialects among political radicals to movements preserving local dialects. There is widespread and growing ... of the dialects causing smaller dialectal traits to disappear and rural dialects to merge ... dialects. These criteria are drawn from the work Johnsen, Egil B rre ed. 1987 V rt Eget Spr k ... means for identifying most dialects, though most Norwegians rely on experience to tell them apart. Grammars and syntax Infinitive forms One of the most important differences among dialects is in the form ... more details
in Standard Burmese, IPA w in Yaw my IPA , e, i IPA Taninthayi Division dialectsDialects ...Burmese script There are a number of mutually intelligible Burmese dialects in the Burmese language , with a largely ... River Irrawaddy River valley and more distinctive non standard dialects that emerge as one toward peripheral areas of the country. These dialects include Palaw , Beik Myeik Merguese , and Dawei ... intelligibility among Burmese dialects, as for the most part, they share the same four tones, consonant clusters and the Burmese script . However, several dialects differ in Burmese with respect to vocabulary, lexical particles, and rhymes. Standard dialects Spoken Burmese is remarkably uniform among ... dialect is its use of the first person pronoun my kya.nau IPA t n for both males and females, whereas in Yangon, my kya.ma. IPA t ma is used by females. Family terms The most obvious ... IPA j d or IPA j d my IPA j l or IPA j l rowspan 2 my IPA d d or IPA t t my IPA d l rowspan 2 my IPA m d my IPA m Maternal aunt older Maternal aunt younger my IPA d d or IPA t t my IPA d l sup 1 sup Paternal uncle older Paternal uncle younger my IPA ba d my IPA ba l sup 1 sup rowspan 2 my IPA ba d my IPA l rowspan 2 my IPA p a d my IPA p a Maternal uncle older Maternal uncle younger my IPA d my IPA l sup 1 sup The youngest paternal or maternal aunt may be called my IPA dw l , and the youngest paternal uncle my IPA ba dw . In a testament to the power of media, the Yangon ... Burmese Elder brother to a male Elder brother to a female my IPA n my IPA k my IPA k Younger brother to a male Younger brother to a female colspan 2 my IPA my IPA m Elder sister to a male Elder sister to a female colspan 2 my IPA ma Younger sister to a male Younger sister to a female my IPA ma my IPA ma my IPA ma In general, the male centric names ... more details
Image Bgmap yat.png thumb Yat border in the Bulgarian language The Moesian dialects are a group of closely related dialects of the Bulgarian language , part of the Eastern Bulgarian dialects. The Moesian dialects are spoken in northeastern Bulgaria and in the regions of Karnobat , Aytos , Burgas and Yambol in southern Bulgaria. However, due to the mass population movements that affected eastern Bulgaria during the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, nowadays, there are very few areas where only Moesian is spoken. In most areas, and especially in southern Bulgaria and Dobruja , Moesian speakers are mixed with speakers speaking Balkan dialects . As a result of this and also due to the influence of the literary language, most features of the Moesian dialects have given way to features typical for the Balkan dialects . Phonological and morphological characteristics Image Bulgarian dialects by Todor Bozhinov.png left thumb 200px Map of the Bulgarian dialects within Bulgaria Vowel change broad IPA a IPA instead of formal Bulgarian IPA a IPA for Old Church Slavonic Unicode IPA instead of . As a result of the influence of the Balkan dialects , the broad e IPA has now been almost universally replaced by IPAIPA t IPA d for Proto Slavic IPA t IPA d as in Standard Bulgarian , night, between Universal loss of x IPA x and IPA f . The two consonants are either completely lost or replaced by v or u The masculine definite article is stressed and unstressed instead of formal Bulgarian , instead of , . As a result of the influence of the Balkan dialects , the definite article has largely been replaced by ending e instead of formal Bulgarian i for multi syllable masculine nouns instead of ending e instead of formal Bulgarian i for plural past active aorist participles ... jchorb st st 2 b izt 1.htm Bulgarian dialects Category Dialects of the Bulgarian language ... more details
Russian dialects are spoken variants of the Russian language . File Russian dialects.png thumb 400px Map of the Russian dialects of the primary formation Northern is dark green, Central is light green, Southern is red Territory All the Russian dialects divided in two principal chronological and geographic groups The dialects of the territory of the primary formation , which consist of Old Russia of the 16th century before Eastern conquests by Ivan IV and roughly correlate with the modern Central Federal District Central and Northwestern Federal District Northwestern Federal districts. The dialects of the territory of the second formation , where Russians settled after the 16th century. Classification 1. Northern Russian Pomor dialects Pomor Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk and Murmansk Oblast Murmansk Ladoga Tikhvin Transitional groups Lake Onega Onega , Lake Lacha Lacha , Belozersk Bezhetsk Vologda Oblast Vologda Kostroma Oblast Kostroma Yaroslavl Oblast Yaroslavl 2. Central Russian Western Groups with okanye Gdov , Luga , Novgorod , Staraya Russa , Valday Groups with akanye Pskov , Velikiye Luki , Toropets , Rzhev , Torzhok Eastern Groups with okanye Tver , Klin , Sergiev Posad , Vladimir , Suzdal , Rostov , Ivanovo , Murom , Nizhny Novgorod Groups with akanye Moscow , Kasimov , Temnikov ... Russian Standard br Russian Unstressed IPA o IPA o IPA a IPA Unstressed IPA e , IPA a , IPA o br after palatalized consonants IPA i , IPA e IPA pre stressed , br IPA i IPA i IPAIPA velar fricative IPAIPAIPA v IPA v semivowel IPA w u IPA v IPA f IPA f IPA x xv xw IPA f Present 3 p. sg. & pl. IPA t IPA t IPA t Past 3 sg. musc. v w u ref group n In the dialect of Vologda ref l ... soft labial s no yes no Notes reflist group n Vocabulary Russian dialects usually preserve many ... Dialects of Russian publisher Cambridge University Press date 2006 location Cambridge pages 521 526 isbn 978 0 521 22315 7 ref harv Russian dialects Russia stub Category Russian dialects fr Dialectes ... more details
vowels in the Central Gheg dialectsIPA i Kruj , IPA ei Mountainous Kruj , IPA i or IPA ei Mat , as well as IPA ai or IPA i in other regions. o vowel The o derounds to IPA in some words in some dialects e.g. IPA s t for sot today in Kruj and among some Muslims speakers in Shkod r ... dialects, q and gj may remain palatal stops IPA c and IPA , change to postalveolar affricates ... become palatal stops IPA c and IPA in some dialects. Transitional dialects The transitional dialects ... is IPA m z in Vuno while is more backed in Lab risht. Final drops in many Tosk dialects and lengthens ...File Dialects of the Albanian Language3.PNG thumb 300px Map showing the various dialects of Albanian ... in central Albania historically forms the boundary between those two dialects, with the population ... Historical considerations The characteristics of the Albanian dialects Tosk and Geg ref Brown and Ogilvie ... language Shkenca Tirane 1999 ref ref Hamp, p. 98. The isogloss is clear in all dialects I have ... that the speech area straddled the Jire ek Line. ref Gheg dialects main Gheg Albanian Gheg is divided into four sub dialects Northwest Gheg, Northeast Gheg, Central Gheg, and Southern Gheg. Northwest ... e.g. n nd nine . Although, the quality of the vowel varies by dialect, IPA , IPA , IPA , etc. Some Northeast and Northwest Gheg dialects preserve the nasal in words such as IPA p s five while other Gheg dialects do not, IPA p s five . Monophthongization Occurs in some dialects of Shkod r in a few words e.g. IPA v voe egg and IPA h hae food . Phonological vowel length There is often phonological vowel length in most Gheg dialects. Some dialects of Shkod r have a three length distinction in vowels, for example, short IPA p n yoke , long IPA p n pen , and extra long IPA p n yokes . a vowel In some dialects occurring in some certain words a may become a diphthong e.g. IPA b a for ball forehead or become IPA e.g. IPA l for larg far . vowel Final drops and often ... more details
Hatnote For other uses, see Chart disambiguation , Graph disambiguation , and Diagram Selfref For information ... thumb A pie chart . A chart is a graphical representation of data , in which the data is represented by symbol s, such as bars in a bar chart , lines in a line chart , or slices in a pie chart ... Hill ISBN 0 07 881749 8 p.413 ref A chart can represent Table information tabular number numeric data, Graph of a function functions or some kinds of qualitative structures. The term chart as a graphical representation of data has multiple meanings A data chart is a type of diagram or graphics graph ... information for some specific purpose are often known as charts, such as a nautical chart or aeronautical chart . Other domain specific constructs are sometimes called charts, such as the chord chart in music notation or a record chart for album popularity. Charts are often used to ease understanding ... are often displayed in a pie chart , but may be more easily understood when presented in a horizontal bar chart . ref Howard Wainer 1997 Visual revelations graphical tales of fate and deception from ... from 1990 to 2000 might be best shown as a line chart . Features of a chart A chart can take a large variety however, there are common features that provide the chart with its ability to extract meaning from data. Typically a chart is graphical, containing very little text, since humans are generally ... of the grid lines are minor grid lines. The data of a chart can appear in all manner of formats, with or without ... on the graph to further aid information extraction. When the data appearing in a chart contains multiple variables, the chart may include a legend . A legend contains a list of the variables appearing in the chart and an example of their appearance. This information allows the data from each variable to be identified in the chart. Types of charts Common charts Four of the most common charts are gallery ... Bar chart File Actionnariat Lib .JPG Pie chart File USTrade1991 2005.png Line chart gallery This gallery ... more details
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