Yiddish dialects are varieties of the Yiddish language . These dialects are divided by originating region ..., while Southern dialects of Yiddish are now the most commonly spoken, preserved by many Hasidic communities. The principal differences between the dialects are found in the quality of stressed .... ref name yivo http www.yivoencyclopedia.org article.aspx Language Yiddish id0ek1ae Yiddish Dialects ref According to C. J. Hutterer 1969 , In western and central Europe the WY dialects must have ... Essays WesternYiddish.html Western Yiddish ref Western Yiddish included three dialects ... into Northern and Southern dialects. ref name yivo Northeastern Yiddish, also known as Litvak Litvish ... of Poland , Ukraine , and Russia . ref name yivo The Southern dialects are again subdivided Mideastern ... Polish Yiddish. ref name yivo Most Hasidic communities use southern dialects, with the exception of Chabad ... between the contemporary dialects are in the quality of stressed vowels, though there are also ... 0 page 38 ref harv ref Northern dialects are more conservative in vowel quality, while southern dialects have preserved vowel quantity distinctions. ref name yivo Comparison Stressed vowels in the Yiddish dialects may be understood by considering their common origins in the Proto Yiddish sound system ... as 22, 32, 42 and 52 in all Yiddish dialects, though they developed distinct values in Middle ... align center IPA i sub 31 sub i sub 32 sub align center IPA u sub 52 sub Close mid vowel Close mid align center IPA e sub 25 sub align center IPA o sub 51 sub o sub 12 sub Open mid vowel Open mid align center IPA sub 21 sub j sub 22 34 sub align center IPA sub 41 sub u sub 42 54 sub Open vowel Open align center colspan 2 IPA a sub 11 13 sub a sub 24 44 sub class wikitable Polish Front vowel Front Back vowel Back Close vowel Close align center IPA i sub 31 51 sub i sub 32 52 sub align center IPA u sub 12 13 sub Close mid vowel Close mid align center IPA e ej sub 25 sub align center ... more details
Basque dialects strong divergence of historic j into IPA j x ref name Trask Souletin development of the vowel y Morphological variation The modern Basque dialects show a high degree ... Mid vowel Mid IPA e IPA o align center Open vowel Open IPA a Basque dialects diverge from this standard ... day Basque Country. Basque dialects are linguistic varieties which differ in pronunciation, vocabulary ... of Basque Routledge 1997 ISBN 0 415 13116 2 ref Basque dialects have been historically distinguished ... Navarrese and Lapurdian are considered part of the Navarrese Lapurdian dialect, so the dialects would be five, divided in 11 sub dialects, their minor varieties being 24. ref name Zuazo2010 cite book ... 9868 202 1 ref The boundaries of all these dialects do not coincide directly with current political ... those tribes and Basque dialects. Looking at historical evidences, it seems that these dialects were created in the Middle Ages from a previously quite unified Basque language, and that the dialects ... Bonaparte euskalki mapa.jpg thumb 180px left Louis Lucien Bonaparte s original 1866 map of Basque dialects. One of the first scientific studies of Basque dialects, regarding the auxiliary verb forms, was made ... koldo zuazo 2008.png thumb 240px The modern dialects of Basque according to the recent reanalysis by Koldo ... areas running north to south, where features related to Western and Navarrese dialects mix up to different ... for the language in the dialects of Basque Euskara in Standard Basque for example exemplify to some ... found in the Eastern dialects. class wikitable Dialect variant ref name OroVII Michelena, L. ed ... name Euskara in the dialects of Basque located on the new dialect map by Koldo Zuazo. Comparison of sample verb forms Comparing the forms of the Basque verbs Basque verb used in the different Basque dialects ... Biscayan ref name Aulestia Aulestia, G. Basque English Dictionary University of Nevada Press, 1989 ... style background color e8f1df Batua Standard Basque style background color CCCCFF English language ... more details
Infobox language name Hessian nativename Hessisch states Germany speakers familycolor Indo European fam2 Germanic languages Germanic fam3 West Germanic languages West Germanic fam4 High German languages High German fam5 Middle High German West Middle German fam6 Rhine Franconian Rhenisch Franconian iso3 map Verbreitungsgebiet des heutigen Mitteldeutschen.PNG mapcaption Central German dialects legend magenta 4 Hessian Hessian Ger. Hessisch is a West Central German group of dialects of the German language in the central German state of Hesse . The dialect most similar to Hessian is Palatinate German Ger. Pf lzisch , pronounced IPA de pf lts of the Rhine Franconian sub family. However, the Hessian dialects have some features which set them somewhat apart from other West Central German dialects. Dialects Hessian can be divided into four main dialects, namely those of Northern Hesse around the city of Kassel , Central Hesse including the Marburg and Gie en areas , Eastern Hesse around Fulda , Southern Hesse around Frankfurt . To understand this division one must consider the history of Hesse and the fact that this state is the result of an administrative reform. ref http www.staff.uni marburg.de naeser sendai engl.htm The German Dialects, a practical approach , Wolfgang N ser, retrieved 19 July 2011 ref Southern Hessian Changes to consonants Consonants are often softened, as outlined by Carsten Keil in his document A Quick Guide to the Language of Frankfurt . ref http www.frankfurt.de fm 870 guide frankforderisch.pdf A Quick Guide to the Language of Frankfurt , Carsten Keil, retrieved 19 July 2011 ref See also Franconian languages Low German References Reflist External links http robertlindsay.wordpress.com 2009 04 13 a reworking of german language classification part 2 middle german List including entries on specific dialects retrieved 7 October 2011 http www.uni marburg.de sprache in hessen Hessian dialects de icon Category Central German languages Category Hesse de ... more details
File Savolaismurteet.png thumb The area of Savonian dialects The Savonian dialects also called Savo Finnish ... Savonia and other parts of Eastern Finland. It belongs to the eastern Finnish dialects and it is divided to more specific dialect groups. Savonian dialects are the most widely distributed dialects ... Scandinavia belonged to the old Savonian dialects. The area of Savonian dialects consist one third of the whole area of Finland. History The Savonian dialects are of different origin than Western Finnish dialects. Savonian dialects form a dialect continuum with other Eastern dialects of Finnish and Karelian ... ref Features Although the Savonian dialects are spread into a large geographical area with significant ... dialects. There are large variations between different Savonian dialects, but a few of the most stereotypical ... is denoted by digraphs with a j , e.g. kotj IPA kot , moottorj IPA moottor standard Finnish koti ... a long vowel, and vice versa. Stressed initial syllable IPA become opening diphthong s, first IPA o e , and in most varieties further IPA u i . E.g. mua for Standard Finnish maa land, country, ground , or pi for p head . IPA i as the 2nd element of a diphthong lowers to IPA e , e.g. laeta for laita side , s e for s i ate . IPA u y lower similarly to IPA o or they may assimilate completely ... to Savonian dialects and is found in most forms of Spoken Finnish today. Word medial simple ... ristej Pronouns I, you are different from the standard language, as often in other dialects, but they are also different in Southern and Northern dialects Southern mie, sie Northern my , ty It is also ... to stand you gawk . Savonian dialects Northern Savonian dialects Northern Savonian dialects are spoken ... , Vehmersalmi , Vesanto , Vierem and Virtasalmi . Southern Savonian dialects Southern Savonian dialects are spoken in the municipalities of Anttola , Hirvensalmi , Juva , Kangasniemi , Mikkeli , M ntyharju , Pertunmaa , Eastern part Puumala , Ristiina , Sulkava and Suomenniemi . Middle dialects ... more details
IPA notice Contains Canadian text The Ojibwe language is spoken in a series of dialect s occupying adjacent ... adjacent dialects may be comparatively high but declines between some non adjacent dialects. Mutual intelligibility between some non adjacent dialects, notably Ottawa language Ottawa , Anishinini ... prominent, and no standard writing system that covers all dialects. The relative autonomy of the regional dialects of Ojibwe is associated with an absence of linguistic or political unity among Ojibwa Ojibwe speaking groups . The general name for the language in Ojibwe is IPA an na pe mow n , written ... local names for particular dialects. The dialects of Ojibwe are spoken in Canada from western Quebec ..., 1981 ref The dialects of Ojibwe are divided into distinctive northern and southern groups, with intervening transition dialects that have a mixture of features from the adjacent dialects. This article ... , and the use of various dialects of Ojibwe as lingua franca is at Ojibwe language Lingua franca Ojibwe ... 450px The subgrouping of Ojibwe dialects based on Lexicon lexical innovations and mutual intelligibility ..., 1981, p. 62 ref The recognized dialects of Ojibwe are spoken in the region surrounding the Great Lakes ... variation in the classification of Ojibwe dialects, at a minimum the following are recognized, proceeding ... other dialects a Berens Ojibwe along the Berens River in northwestern Ontario, to be distinguished ... between the Ojibwe dialects are in agreement on the assignment of the strongly differentiated Ottawa ... dialects. Rhodes and Todd recognize several different dialectal subgroupings within Ojibwe a Ottawa .... Todd, 1981, p. 61, Fig. 5 ref Valentine has proposed that Ojibwe dialects are divided into three ... proposed by Valentine is utilized for the classification and subgrouping of Ojibwe dialects .... ref name Valentine1994, p. 45 Ojibwe dialects are distinguished by features of phonology , morphology linguistics morphology , syntax , and lexicon . Some dialects, most notably Severn Ojibwe ... more details
Macedonian language The dialects of Macedonian comprise the Slavic languages Slavic dialects spoken in the Republic ... between these languages is fleeting and controversial. Macedonian authors tend to treat all dialects ... dialects as part of the Bulgarian language. ref name unity cite book author Institute of Bulgarian ... to the Codification linguistics codification of Standard Macedonian in 1945, the dialects of Macedonia ... Copenhagen, 1926, MCMXXVI . ref In Greece, the identification of the dialects spoken by the local Slavophone minority with either Bulgarian or Macedonian is often avoided, and these dialects are instead ... ref Dopia Local , Stariski old or Na inski ours . Linguistically, the dialects of Macedonia in the wider ... Dialects class infobox width 400px colspan 2 File Macedonian Slavic dialects.png 400px colspan 2 Dialect ... EDED90 Nestram Northern dialects Western group Lower Polog dialect Skopska Crna Gora dialect Eastern group Kumanovo dialect Kratovo dialect Kriva Palanka dialect Ov e Pole dialect Western Dialects ... Ohrid dialect Upper Prespa dialect Lower Prespa dialect Eastern and Southern dialects Eastern group ... of Nominal Accentuation in Archaic Male evo and Transitional Nivi ino Eastern Macedonian Dialects ... Nevrokop dialect ref name ReferenceA Most linguists classify the dialects in the Pirin Blagoevgrad Province Blagoevgrad region of Bulgaria and in the far east of Greek Macedonia as Bulgarian and the dialects ... by loss of IPA x except Tetovo , Gora and Kor a and the loss of IPA v in the intervocalic position except Mala Reka and parts of Kostur Kor a IPA lava head IPA la , IPA lavi heads IPA laj . The Eastern region preserves IPA x except Tikve Mariovo and Kumanovo Kriva Palanka and intervocalic IPA v . The East is also characterised by the development of epenthetic IPA v before original IPA o where the West has epenthetic IPA j Eastern IPA va l n coal but Western IPA ja l n . The diphonemic reflexes are most characteristic of the dialects of Greek Macedonia and Blagoevgrad province , Kostur ... more details
publisher year 1908 ref Name The local name for the dialects is j mtska , which translates to English as Jamtlandic . However, since there is no single established name for the dialects in English, the two ... Swedish Norwegian Swedish , originally Norwegian dialects in S rna and Idre the northwesternmost ... Company year 1915 ref It is difficult to the trace the history of Jamtlandic dialects because ... as English sh in shoe . Properly using V gledning f r stavning av jamska , this would be spelled ... p jamska Category J mtland Category North Germanic languages Category Norwegian dialects Category Swedish dialects de J mtl ndische Sprache hr Jamtska dijalekti it Lingua jamtsk no Jemtsk nn Jamska ... more details
language Danish dialect group, ref Perridon, Harry 2003 . Dialects and written language in Old Nordic ... Nordisk Familjebok Scanian is one of the three main dialects into which the Danish branch of Old ... dialects , but no dialectologist has crossed the border since J. Reitan in 1930. Luckily this situation is changing. ref the Scanian dialects have normally been treated as a South Swedish language Swedish ... of r sounds in South Scandinavian Dialects. Published in Swedish . ref classified it as South ... review process. Within the previous SIL International classification of Scanian were the dialects in the province of Scania , some of the southern dialects of Halland hall ndska in Swedish , the dialects of Blekinge blekingska in Swedish and the dialects of the Danish island of Bornholm bornholmsk ... of Scanians. Many of the genuine rural dialects have been in decline subsequent to the industrial ... into the text For an overview of the dialects of the Nordic region, see http uit.no scandiasyn ..., Scanian dialects have maintained a non Swedish prosody, as well as details of grammar and vocabulary ... and Dutch and occasionally English than with Swedish. ref G rding, Eva et al. 1973 . Talar sk ningarna ..., Dutch and Danish. ref The degree of contrast between Scanian dialects and standard Swedish is sometimes in the popular press compared to the differences between British English and Australian English ...? If so, are the formal semantic analytic tools that have been developed mainly for English and German ... of the spectrum of modern dialects in the Nordic region has recently been initiated through the Scandinavian ... Lise Pedersen, researcher in Danish dialects. Many specialty Scanian dictionaries have been published ... use in the spoken language. Pretty much all dialects have unique vocabulary. Which were these words .... Pop singer Ola Svensson was born in Lund, Sk ne but does not sing in Scanian or Swedish but English ... realizes the phoneme r as a uvular trill , IPA in clear articulation, but in everyday speech more ... more details
map Japanese dialects en.png mapcaption Map of Japanese dialects north of the heavy grey line ... of Japan s capital has since gone in its own direction to become one of Japan s many dialects. ref Johnston ... twisting , FYI, The Japan Times , 13 November 2007, p. 3, retrieved 24 December 2010. ref Dialects ... poetry includes poems written in dialects of capital Nara, Nara Nara and eastern Japan see also Old Japanese Dialects , but other dialects were not recorded. The recorded features of eastern dialect were rarely inherited to modern dialects without few language island such as Hachijo island. In the Early Middle Japanese era, there were only vague records as rural dialects are crude . However, since the Late Middle Japanese era, features of regional dialects had been recorded in some books, for example Arte da Lingoa de Iapam , and the recorded features were fairly similar to modern dialects. The variety of Japanese dialects was developed markedly in Edo period because many feudal lords restricted ... and dialects were slighted and suppressed, and so locals had an inferiority complex about their bad ... for the standardization of regional languages dialects reached its peak. Now the standard Japanese spread throughout the nation and traditional regional languages dialects are declining because of education ... languages dialects are not completely replaced with the standard Japanese. The spread of standard Japanese brings the regional languages dialects to the scarcity value such as nostalgic and heart warming and many locals gradually conquer the inferiority complex about their languages dialects. The contact between regional languages dialects and standard Japanese invents new regional speech by young ... language Japanese isbn 978 4469212440 ref class wikitable History of Japanese dialects ref Cite book ... ref Before modern times Meiji to Showa Today Future Use of dialects colspan 2 active decline more decline Standardization start progress more progress Social value of dialects low extremely low ... more details
For the regional languages of Italy, sometimes also called dialects Languages of Italy Multiple issues ... 2010 Image Languages spoken in Italy Bis.svg 300px thumb Languages and dialects of Italy right Dialects ... of the Italian language , more commonly and more accurately referred to as Regional Italian . The dialects ... as part of the collection of dialects of Italy. Several of the dialects of Italy should be considered ... family tree by Ethnologue and other academic works. Origin of Italian dialects Many Italian ... The synthesis of a unified Italian language from the various dialects was the main goal of Alessandro ... . Various dialects remained the common language of the populace until the 1950s, when, with progressive ... language continued to use their own dialects in their daily lives. Citation needed date March 2010 ... s successfully campaigned against the use of dialects to maintain unity among the workers. This allowed the southerners, whose dialects were not mutually intelligible with the northerners , to assimilate ... only partly understand the dialects of their parents. As a result of these phenomena, dialects ..., however, can the use of local dialects substitute Standard Italian in official transactions, documents, legal matters or else, as stated above. Use of dialects in literature is not inconsiderable ... language Neapolitan dialect is the basis of Canzone Napoletana . The various dialects of Italy ... cited above. Single words or very brief sentences from some more commonly heard dialects, such as Neapolitan ... within North American Italian diaspora communities, Italian dialects that have nearly died out ... . A significant number of endangered dialects have survived, they ve been passed on generationally ... and lexical borrowings from American English , Canadian English , Canadian French , and Latin American ... almost exclusively broadcasts in the standard language. Italian dialects and dialects of Italy Italian language For historical, cultural and political reasons, most Italian dialects have not yet ... more details
Dialects of Fars are a group of southwestern and northwestern Iranian dialects spoken in the central Fars Province Fars province. The southwestern dialects can be divided to three family of dialects according to geographical distribution and local names Southwestern Lori dialects Lori , South central Tajiki or Fars dialects proper and Southeastern Larestani dialects Larestani . The term Tajiki is understood as the Iranian languages Iranian speaking sedentary populations. ref name Iranica1 Cite web url http www.iranicaonline.org articles fars viii title F RS viii. Dialects author Windfuhr, Gernot date 15 December 1999 work Encyclopaedia Iranica Online publisher Columbia University location New York accessdate 2010 05 23 quote The F rs dialects proper used to be locally referred to as T j k in the sense of the Iranian speaking settled, non tribal populations... ref ref name Iranica2 Cite web author SWindfuhr, Gernot title FARRO Z D,FOR ZAM N url http www.iranica.com newsite articles v9f3 v9f393c.html viii work Encyclop dia Iranica publisher Columbia University location New York accessdate 2009 04 08 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref Under linguistic typology a part of the dialects of the region can be classified as follows ref name salami2004 Salami, A., 1383 Iranian calendar AP 2004 Gregorian calendar AD . Ganjineye guye en siye F rs The treasury of the dialectology of Fars . First Volume, Academy of Persian Language and Literature . http persianacademy.ir fa ganjifars01.aspx ... And the extinct Kazeruni dialect old old Kazeruni and Old Shirazi Sherazi dialects. This group of dialects ... ref name salami2006 ref name salami2007 English Everyone who saw me greeted me. Persian language ...., 1979. On the verbal system in three Iranian dialects of F rs, in Studia Iranica , VIII, 2, 277 297 ... http www.iranica.com newsite articles v9f3 v9f393c.html viii Encyclop dia Iranica article on Fars Dialects Iranian languages Use dmy dates date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Dialects Of Fars Category Fars ... more details
File Pomor dialects.png thumb 380px Pomor dialects ref http www.booksite.ru fulltext rus sian 5.htm . ref Pomor dialects are a group of Northern Russian dialects widespread among the Pomor s of the former Arkhangelsk Governorate and northern parts of the Olonets Governorate Olonets and Vologda Oblast Vologda Guberniya Governorates . The dialects are heavily influenced by Novgorod patois and there are a significant number of archaism s and Language contact borrowings from Uralic languages Uralic and Scandinavian languages . Study The study of the Pomor dialects was undertaken by I. S. Merkuryev 1924 2001 , a professor of philology and author of several books including The Living Speech of the Kola Peninsula Pomors . Pomor dialects in literature The Pomor dialects are widely used in the works of the writers and folklorist s Boris Shergin and Stepan Pisakhov . Influences from them can be seen in the poetry of Nikolai Klyuev . Pomor dialects in film Pomor dialects are spoken in the animated films of Leonid Nosyrev , many which are adaptations of stories by Shergin and Pisakhov. One example is Laughter and Grief by the White Sea 1987 . Notes reflist Russian dialects External links http animator.ru db ?ver eng&p show person&pid 117 Leonid Nosyrev filmography at animator.ru Category Russian dialects Category Pomors ling stub be be x old fa ru ... more details
File Map of Ukrainian dialects en.png thumb 250px Map of Ukrainian dialects and subdialects 2005 . legend ... eastern group and the northern group of dialects. South western group class wikitable Southwestern dialects ref http litopys.org.ua ukrmova um159.htm . ... class wikitable Southeastern dialects ref http litopys.org.ua ukrmova um160.htm ..., primarily in the southern and eastern part of the Kiev Oblast . In addition, the dialects spoken ... . Bot generated title ref Northern dialects class wikitable Northern Polissian dialects ref http litopys.org.ua ukrmova um161.htm . . ... as map text havorki.html Maps of Belarus Dialects on Belarussian territory Bot generated title ref To others it is a dialect of Polish. Dialects outside of Ukraine class wikitable Name Description ... , as well as by some migr communities, primarily in the United States of America. Emigre dialects ... of the Ukrainian dialects into separate languages. This has been happening primarily in the Carpathian .... The debates as to independence of these dialects languages has promoted inflamed discussions ... Ukrainian Wikibooks Ukrainian http harazd.net nadbuhom mapy historia mapy 8.htm Dialects of Ukrainian ... author Ilko V. Korunets title Contrastive Topology of the English and Ukrainian Languages location ... English translation excerpts . http demoscope.ru weekly pril.php 1897 census http www.litforum.org Literaturnyy Forum Ukrainian language http www.slovnyk.org Ukrainian dictionary from to English and Russian http uk en.slovnenya.com Ukrainian English Dictionary http en uk.slovnenya.com English Ukrainian Dictionary http www.websters online dictionary.org definition Ukrainian english Ukrainian&ndash English Dictionary http www.rcinet.ca rci uk index.shtml Radio Canada International daily ... mapy historia mapy 8.htm Dialects of Ukrainian language http www2.pravda.com.ua en news 2005 11 ... more details
Image Suomen murteet.png thumb The area marked by number 5 shows the area of Per pohjola dialects Per pohjola dialects are forms of Finnish language spoken in Lapland Finland Lapland in Finland , Sweden and Norway . The dialect group belongs to the Western Finnish dialects and it is divided to five more specific dialect groups. ref name internetix.ofw.fi http www.internetix.ofw.fi opinnot opintojaksot 8kieletkirjallisuus aidinkieli murteet perapohj.html ref Dialects Tornio dialects Tornio dialects are spoken in the area surrounding Torne River in Finnish Per pohjola North Bothnia and in Swedish side of the river Norrbotten . In Finland Tornio dialects are spoken in the municipalities of Enonteki , Kolari , Muonio , Pello and Ylitornio . In Sweden the dialect is spoken in Nedertorne Alatornio , Heden set Hietaniemi , Jukkasj rvi , Junosuando Junosuvanto , Kaaresuvanto , Kainulasj rvi , Karungi ... Ylitornio . ref name internetix.ofw.fi In Sweden the Tornio dialects together with J llivaara dialects are also called me nkieli . It has an official minority language status ref name me nkieli http vesa.lib.helsinki.fi cgi bin2 ysa.pl?h me C3 A4nkieli ref . Kemi dialects Kemi dialects are spoken ..., Finland Simo , Sodankyl , Tervola and Utsjoki . ref name internetix.ofw.fi Kemij rvi dialects Kemij rvi dialects are spoken in Kemij rvi , Pelkosenniemi , Salla and Savukoski . ref name internetix.ofw.fi J llivaara dialects J llivaara dialects are spoken in Sweden in J llivaara , Killivaara and Nattavaara ... language has been a common language spoken at home in the area but the dialects differ quite much from those spoke in the Finnish side of the border. ref name sokl.joensuu.fi Together with Tornio dialects J llivaara dialects are also called me nkieli in Sweden. Me nkieli has an official minority language status in Sweden ref name me nkieli Ruija dialects Ruija dialects are spoken in Northern Norwey ... Dialects Category Finnish dialects Category Finnish language de Per pohjola Dialekte fi Per pohjalaiset ... more details
of dialects spoken in the Calabria region of Italy . The various dialects of Calabria are part ... dialects are often classified typologically with Neapolitan language it Napoletano Calabrese ..., the Calabrian dialects are more closely related to Sicilian language Sicilian , grouped as Central ... of both language groups. The dialects of Calabria have been extensively studied, catalogued ... bgcolor EFEFEF English Southern Calabrian Northern Calabrian Italian tomorrow rum ni crai dum ni ... from the Northern Calabrian group. The primary roots of the dialects are the two ancient classical ... Le fonti del lessico calabrese , 1977 945 pages ref Southern and Central Calabrian dialects are strongly ... Devoto ISBN 0226143686 ref Nonetheless, the dialects have a rich and varied influence from other ... border 1 bgcolor EFEFEF Central Southern Calabrian Phonetic Greek Italian French English batr ci v trakhos ... French Italian English ccatt ri acheter comprare to buy bgcolor eeeeee nduja andouille salsicciotto ... chi a ssiru a ssiru Dialects Reggino dialect u rriggit nu , in Reggino is the dialect with the most ... centre. This dialect is very similar to the dialect of Messina in Sicily. Dialects of the Chj na spoken in the plains of Gioia Tauro , a micro region situated north of Aspromonte . Locride dialects , spoken on the east coast of the Province of Reggio Calabria. Catanzaro dialect . dialects of the Alto ... Comparison of the Central and Southern Calabrian Dialects Universal Declaration of Human Rights All ... Image Cosenza mappa.png thumb right 150px The Province of Cosenza . The Northern Calabrian dialects calabbr se or calavr se , in Neapolitan are similar to other Southern Italian dialects and are significantly different from the dialects of southern Calabria. Linguistically, they are considered part ... code nap Titre g n r automatiquement ref . The dialects of the northern fringes of the Province of Cosenza give way to Campania n and Basilicata Lucanian dialects however, the majority of the province ... more details
Greek dialects may refer to Ancient Greek dialects Varieties of Modern Greek disambiguation pt Dialetos do grego Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
File Grupos de parlas de l aragon s.svg right 200px thumb Aragonese dialects. Aragonese language has a lot of local varieties, which are grouped in valley varieties or comarca varieties. The term dialect is ambiguous and it can be used referring to valley varieties well known cheso or ansotano . There is a proposal to classify all Aragonese varieties in four groups or dialects Western Aragonese Central Aragonese Southern Aragonese Eastern Aragonese Aragonese dialects Category Aragonese dialects an Dialectos de l aragon s es Dialectos del aragon s eo Dialektoj de la aragona lingvo eu Aragoieraren dialektoak ... more details
about more general Unicode encodings specific disordered speech Extensions to IPA Extensions to the IPAIPA Extensions is a Unicode block block 0250 02AF of the Unicode standard that contains full size letters used in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA . Both modern and historical characters are included, as well as former and proposed IPA signs and non IPA phonetic letters. Additional characters employed for phonetics, like the palatalization sign, are encoded in the blocks Phonetic Extensions unicode block Phonetic Extensions 1D00&ndash 1D7F and Phonetic Extensions Supplement unicode block Phonetic Extensions Supplement 1D80&ndash 1DBF . Diacritical marks Diacritics are found in the Spacing Modifier Letters unicode block Spacing Modifier Letters 02B0&ndash 02FF and Combining Diacritical Marks unicode block Combining Diacritical Marks 0300&ndash 036F blocks. With IPA s ability to use Unicode for the presentation of phonetic symbols, ASCII based systems such as X SAMPA or Kirshenbaum are being supplanted. Within the Unicode blocks there are also a few Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet former IPA character s no longer in international use by linguists ... sortable Code Glyph Decimal Unicode name IPA phonetic description IPA No. U 0250 center center ... Open E A mistake for IPA 396 U 029B center center & 667 Latin Letter Small Capital G with Hook ... Consortium IPA Extensions http www.decodeunicode.org de ipa extensions Unicode Wiki with images of all 98,884 graphical Unicode characters German English, full text search John C. Wells , http www.phon.ucl.ac.uk home wells ipa unicode.htm The International Phonetic Alphabet in Unicode http www.linguiste.org phonetics ipachart keyboard Online input method for phonetic symbols http webmasterei.com en ipa index IPA Typewriter and Speaking machine , text output as Portable Network Graphics PNG ... de Unicodeblock IPA Erweiterungen fr Table des caract res Unicode U0250 ... more details
File Dialects Of Punjabi.jpg thumb right 450px Dialects of Punjabi The linguist George Abraham Grierson in his multivolume Linguistic Survey of India 1904 1928 considered the various dialects up to then called Western Punjabi , spoken in North, West, and South of Lahore in what is now Punjab Pakistan Punjab of Pakistan , as constituting instead a distinct language from Punjabi. The local dialect of Lahore is the Majhi dialect of Punjabi, which has long been the basis of standard literary Punjabi. Grierson proposed to name this putative language Lahnda , and he dubbed as Southern Lahnda the coherent dialect cluster now known as Saraiki spoken in Multan , Dera Ghazi Khan and Bahawalpur division and North Lahnda now known as Modern Panjistani or Pothohari language Potwari , spoken in Rawalpindi division and most of Azad Kashmir and Western Lahnda now known as Hindko spoken in the regions bordering Khyber Pakhtunkhwa North West Frontier Province NWFP . The standard Punjabi speaking territory ... dialects are spoken by the 44.15 of the total population of Pakistan. In Indo Aryan dialectology generally, the presence of transitional dialects creates problems in assigning some dialects to one ... , Malwi and Pwadhi dialects spoken in whole Indian Punjab . Majha consisting of Amritsar District ... District Patiala , etc. Major Punjabi dialects Majhi The Majhi dialect of Punjabi is Punjabi ... to many other places and dialects in north India these have nothing to do with the Majhi dialect ..., Potohari, Chibhali, Dhundi Kairali . Dialects Pahari Dhundi Kairali , Pothwari Potwari , Chibhali, Punchhi Poonchi , Mirpuri. Pahari means hill language referring to a string of divergent dialects ... dialect are sub dialects of Saraiki. It is mostly spoken in southern and western districts ... list of dialects of Punjabi 25 ref http www.advancedcentrepunjabi.org intro1.asp Advanced Centre for Technical .... The Indo Aryan languages . Cambridge Univ. Press. Rahman, Tariq. 2006. The role of English in Pakistan ... more details
There are several spoken Hebrew dialects, both past and present Hebrew language Hebrew language Modern Hebrew Israeli Hebrew Ashkenazi Hebrew Sephardi Hebrew Mizrahi Hebrew Yemenite Hebrew Tiberian vocalization Samaritan Hebrew language disambig ... more details
continental West Germanic dialects today Citation needed date November 2009 Dialects of the following ... relationship between the languages or dialects. German dialect is dominated by the geographical spread ... German with the Dutch language . Dialects German dialects in relation to varieties of standard German ... German . The German dialects are the traditional local varieties. They are traditionally traced ... . If a narrow definition of language based on mutual intelligibility is used, many German dialects ... and phonology. In certain regions, they have replaced the traditional German dialects , especially in Northern Germany. Dialects in Germany File Brockhaus 1894 Deutsche Mundarten.jpg right thumb Historical map of the German and Dutch dialects. Brockhaus Konversationslexikon, Leipzig 1894. The variation among the German dialects is considerable, with only the neighbouring dialects being mutually intelligible . Low German, most Upper German and High Franconian dialects, and even some Central German dialects when spoken in their purest form, are not intelligible to people who only know standard German. However, all German dialects belong to the dialect continuum of High German and Low German. In the past ... West Germanic languages because nearly any pair of neighbouring dialects were perfectly mutually ... varieties in Germany usually referred to as Platt or Plattdeutsch are considered dialects of the German ... dialects are grouped together because both did not participate in the High German consonant shift . Low ..., and varieties of standard German with a Low Saxon influence Missingsch . Today Low Saxon dialects ... able to understand these dialects, though not to speak them. Local media take care not to let the Low ... German dialects from the High Franconian dialects. File Uerdinger und Karlsruher Linie.png ... dialects from the Upper German dialects. High German , that is, High German languages Irminonic , is divided ... dialects include Ripuarian language Ripuarian , Moselle Franconian , Central Hessian , East Hessian ... more details
standards are still broadly intelligible. Regional dialects Korea is a mountainous country, and Korean is consequently divided into numerous small local dialects. There are few clear demarcations, so ... are commonly cited in the literature Hamgy ng dialect s , also called Northeastern dialects . Spoken ... China in Jilin . Nine vowels the eight of the standard language plus . Northwestern dialects P y ng ... the Central dialects, but do not fit there comfortably. ref name Lee&Ramsey Yukchin dialect . Spoken ... more in common with P y ng an dialects than with the surrounding Hamgy ng dialects. ref name Lee&Ramsey Central Korean dialect Central dialects . ref name Lee&Ramsey Lee & Ramsey, 2000. The Korean ... , Yeongseo is quite distinct from the Yeongdong dialects to the east of the mountains. Chungcheong ... . Yoengdong dialects . Spoken in the Yeongdong Region Yeongdong region of Gangwon do ... , Yeongdong is quite distinct from the Central Korean dialects to the east of the mountains. ref name Lee&Ramsey Gyeongsang dialect s , also called Southeastern dialects . Spoken in Gyeongsang ..., e, a, eo, o, u . Jeolla dialect s , also called Southwestern dialects . Spoken in the Jeolla ... Korean dialects Korean language Category Korean language Category Korean dialects ko ja ... more details
citations missing date January 2007 Swedish dialects can be categorized into Traditional Dialects with no Standard Swedish influence and Modern Dialects with various degrees of Standard Swedish influence . Traditional dialects Image Swedish dialects.PNG thumbnail 350px Map showing the Swedish dialects traditionally spoken. Note that even the northernmost part of Sweden is Swedish speaking today and that the dialects in Estonia are almost extinct. The linguistic definition of a Swedish dialect traditional dialect , in the literature merely called dialect , is a local variant that has not been heavily influenced by the standard language and that can trace a separate development all the way back to Old Norse . Many of the genuine rural dialects have very distinct phonetic and grammatical features, such as plural forms of verbs or archaic case linguistics case inflections. These dialects can be near incomprehensible to a majority of Swedes, and most of their speakers are also fluent in Standard Swedish. The different dialects are often so localized that they are limited to individual parish es and are referred to by Swedish linguists as sockenm l lit. parish speech . They are generally separated into six major groups, with common characteristics of prosody, grammar and vocabulary the color ..., Nordmarks h rad, T cksmarks socken related to G tam l . The dialects of this category have in common that they all show more or less strong Norwegian influences, especially the dialects in H rjedalen, Northwestern J mtland and Northwestern Dalarna. Dialects often show similarities along traditional ... striped areas. See also Norwegian dialects Danish dialects North Germanic languages Scanian dialects References Pettersson, Gertrud 1996 Svenska spr ket under sjuhundra r ISBN 91 44 48221 3 External links http swedia.ling.gu.se snabbmeny.html More samples , from many dialects not listed in this article. Swedish site Swedish language Category Swedish dialects ca Dialectes del suec fr Dialectes ... more details
www.armazi.demon.co.uk georgian unicode georgian dialects.htm Georgian Dialects , The ARMAZI project. Retrieved on March 28, 2007 ref with more or less noticeable contributions from several other dialects ... and the mass media , all dialects except for those spoken outside Georgia. However, dialects still ... , syntax , and vocabulary , the Georgian dialects are mostly intelligible with each other. The three ... of the basic variations among the Georgian dialects include The presence of y lang ka and w before ... Georgian. ref name ARMAZI Classification Georgian Alphabet The Georgian dialects are classified ... format PDF accessdate 2007 03 27 ref Northeast dialects This group is spoken by the mountaineers in northeast ... Pshavian P avuri, in Pshavi Tushetian Tu uri, in Tusheti Eastern dialects Two of these dialects, Ingiloan and Fereidanian, are spoken outside Georgia, the former by the indigenous ..., in Tianeti Central dialects The Central dialects, sometimes considered part of the Eastern ... Mesxuri, in Meskheti Southwest dialects Gurian Guruli, in Guria Adjarian dialect ... dialects Imeretian Imeruli, in Imereti Lechkhumian Le xumuri, in Lechkhumi Rachan Ra uli, in Racha Other dialects The obsolescent Kizlar Mozdokian dialect, was spoken in the North ... a mixture of various Georgian dialects laden with Russian language Russian loanwords. Subsequently ... Georgian Alphabet Letters Category Dialects by language Category Georgian language it Dialetti della ... more details
Image Bulgarian dialects by Todor Bozhinov.png right thumb 350px Map of the Bulgarian dialects within Bulgaria Bulgarian dialects lang bg , balgarski dialekti , also ... , Lyubomir Miletich , Aleksandar Teodorov Balan , Stoyko Stoykov . Bulgarian dialects are part of the South ... 350px thumb The Yat split in the Bulgarian language . The Dialects of the Macedonian language dialects ... tend to treat all dialects spoken in the geographical region of Macedonia as Macedonian, including ..., 743 744 ref The present article treats all these dialects together, because of their close structural ... dialects into Eastern and Western is the Yat Yat in Bulgarian Yat border , marking the different mutations ... however, this is not precise because Western Bulgarian dialects include also non Macedonian dialects while some dialects in the region of Macedonia Drama Serres Ser , Thessaloniki Solun , and Korca dialects are classified as Eastern Bulgarian on the basis of the Yat vowel. ref name stoykov ref ... dialects can be divided into the following dialectal groups and individual dialects ref Per Stoykov. ref class wikitable Eastern Bulgarian dialects Moesian dialects Shumen dialect Balkan dialects Central ... Erkech dialect Subbalkan dialect Transitional Balkan dialects Rup dialects Strandzha dialect Thracian ... dialects Northwestern Bulgarian dialects Byala Slatina Pleven dialect Vidin Lom dialect Southwestern Bulgarian dialects Botevgrad dialect Vratsa dialect Ihtiman dialect Elin Pelin dialect Sofia dialect Samokov dialect Dupnitsa dialect Kyustendil dialect Male evo Pirin dialect Pirin Malashevo dialects ... dialects Tran dialect Breznik dialect Belogradchik dialect Bosilegrad dialect Tsaribrod dialect Dialects of the Macedonian language Dialects from Vardar Macedonia br traditionally treated as part ... ref Northern dialects ref name Bulgariandialectology Lower Polog dialect Tetovo dialect ref Bulgarian ... dialectology, p. 180 ref Slavic dialects of Greece Dialects from Aegean Macedonia br traditionally ... more details
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