times . The ipsec pool command line utility allows the management of IP address pools and configuration ... IPsec tunnels can be handled on industry grade VPN gateways. The IKEv2 daemon comes with a High Availability ... more details
offer VPNs which can also operate in OE mode using IPsec based technology. Obfuscated TCP ... by default. This method uses IPsec to secure the traffic and is a simple procedure to turn on. It is accessed ... policy. This will turn on optional IPsec in a Kerberos protocol Kerberos environment. In a non ... Services IPsec AssumeUDPEncapsulationContextOnSendRule ref Cite web last first authorlink coauthors title L2TP IPsec NAT T update for Windows XP and Windows 2000 work publisher Microsoft ... possible. See also Portal Cryptography FreeS WAN IPsec John Gilmore activist John Gilmore Openswan ... more details
Personal L.Wood publications IPv6 and IPsec on a satellite in space , conference ... ref W. Ivancic et al. , http gltrs.grc.nasa.gov Citations.aspx?ID 3463 IPv6 and IPsec Tests of a Space ... more details
Limitations ref . Summary In summary, DMVPN is a frame work technology, consisting of An IPsec profile ... is encrypted per the policy configured IPsec transform set Generic Routing Encapsulation GRE , or multipoint ... more details
A Home Node B , or HNB , is the 3GPP s term for a 3G femtocell . A Node B is an element of a 3G macro Radio Access Network, or Radio access network RAN . A femtocell performs many of the function of a Node B, but is optimized for deployment in the home. Standard The following 3GPP documents are currently available http www.3gpp.org ftp Specs html info 25820.htm 3GPP TR 25.820 3G Home Node B HNB study item Technical Report A technical report that looks at the air interface and requirements for the protocols to link the Home NodeB to the core network http www.3gpp.org ftp Specs html info 22220.htm 3GPP TS 22.220 Service requirements for Home Node B HNB and Home eNode B HeNB End to end architecture http www.3gpp.org ftp Specs html info 25467.htm 3GPP TS 25.467 UTRAN architecture for 3G Home Node B HNB Stage 2 UTRAN architecture for 3G Home NodeB HNB http www.3gpp.org ftp Specs html info 25469.htm 3GPP TS 25.469 UTRAN Iuh interface Home Node B HNB Application Part HNBAP signalling interface between HNB and HNB GW Architecture Within an HNB Access Network there are three new network elements the Home Node B or femtocell , the Security Gateway SeGW and the Home Node B Gateway , or HNB GW . Between the HNB and the HNB GW is a new interface known as Iu h . Home Node B HNB Connected to an existing residential broadband service, an HNB provides 3G radio coverage for 3G handsets within a home. HNBs incorporate the capabilities of a standard Node B as well as the radio resource management functions of a standard Radio Network Controller Radio Network Controller RNC . Home eNode B HeNB Connected to an existing residential broadband service, an HeNB provides LTE radio coverage for LTE handsets within a home. HeNBs incorporate the capabilities of a standard eNodeB. Security Gateway SeGW Installed in an operator s network, the Security Gateway establishes IPsec tunnels with HNBs using IKEv2 signaling for IPsec tunnel management. IPsec tunnels are responsible for delivering all voic ... more details
MultiCom is the products name of a broad range of broadband router and firewalls, including VPN IPSec gateway with strong encryption and security, developed and manufactured by Lightning MultiCom in Switzerland , Europe . MultiCom products development originated at EPFL in Lausanne , in the Laboratory of Computer Communication in 1992 by a group of computer enthousiasts, which earlier developed the Smaky Swiss computer system. Later that year a startup, Lightning MultiCom was founded to commercialize these products, allowing multiple ways of network communication. The very first product developed, the Classic MultiCom, has been used by http www.switch.ch SWITCH , the Swiss academic Network for early remote links over ISDN . Later, the Pocket MultiCom 1998 http www.heise.de ct 98 21 088 review by C t has been considered as a high performance ISDN router computing router despite its small size. In 1999, the engineers took the decision to embedd the open source Linux operating system into MultiCom products for broadband Internet access for ADSL , CATV and HDSL SDSL lines. Carriers such as France Telecom and Swisscom , and Swiss banks picked the http www.lightning.ch products.html MultiCom Products for linking companies and schools to the Internet . Industrial http www.lightning.ch solutions.html Solutions have been developed around the MultiCom products. Even the European Space Agency has used these products for the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service EGNOS GPS extension project for its ground network. Category Networking hardware ... more details
Primary sources date September 2008 cleanup section Please help improve this article by providing context for a general audience, especially in the lead section. date October 2008 ICSA Labs International Computer Security Association began as NCSA National Computer Security Association . It s mission was to increase awareness of the need for computer security and to provide education about various security products and technologies. In its early days, NCSA focused almost solely on the certification of anti virus software. Using the Consortia model, NCSA worked together with anti virus software vendors to develop one of the first anti virus software certification schemes. Over the past decade, the organization added certification programs for other security related products, and changed its name to ICSA. ICSA Labs is currently an independent division of Verizon Business providing resources for research, intelligence, certification and testing of products, including anti virus, Firewall computing firewall , IPsec Virtual private network VPN , cryptography , SSL VPN, network IPS, anti spyware and PC firewall products. External links http www.icsalabs.com Official website Category Verizon Communications business stub ru ICSA Labs ... more details
Birdstep Technology is a public company, founded in 1996 and is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange since 2002, under the ticker BIRD. The company has 66 employees and is headquartered in Oslo, Norway, with competence centres in Sweden, Finland, UK and the United States. Birdstep Technology is a global provider of secure seamless mobility software and related services for mobile and fixed network operators, enterprises, government organisations and laptop manufacturers. History Birdstep was founded in Oslo, Norway as a developer of embedded database systems. They expanded into Mobile IP and then into connection management. The company grew though acquisition and is now a combination of the original Birdstep Technology, Alice Systems, Aramova Inc. and SafeMove. In 2009 the company spun off the original database business and focused on connection management solutions. Products SafeMove Mobile VPN SafeMove Mobile Access EasyConnect EasyHelp EasySmart EasyFlash advert section date April 2012 Birdstep Technology s SafeMove mobile VPN is a software solution that leverages mature open Internet standards IPSec , Internet Key Exchange IKE and Mobile IP to provide office based and mobile users with seamless, secure access FIPS 140 2 certified ref name F Secure Cryptographic Library Copyright 2000 2008 http www.f secure.com F Secure Cryptographic Library Copyright 2000 2008 . ref to fixed and wireless networks. Seamless connectivity and application session persistence improve the mobile user experience especially with VoIP, video and other live collaboration tools. References reflist Category Companies of Norway ... more details
A null cipher is an ancient form of encryption where the plaintext is mixed with a large amount of non cipher material. It would today be regarded as a simple form of steganography . Null ciphers can also be used to hide ciphertext, as part of a more complex system. In classical cryptography a null is intended to confuse the cryptanalyst . Typically, a null will be a character which decrypts to obvious nonsense at the end of an otherwise intelligible phrase. In a null cipher, most of the characters may be nulls. An example follows Kipper 9 News Eight Weather Tonight increasing snow. Unexpected precipitation smothers eastern towns. Be extremely cautious and use snowtires especially heading east. The highway is not knowingly slippery. Highway evacuation is suspected. Police report emergency situations in downtown ending near Tuesday. Taking the first letter in each word successively yields the real message Newt is upset because he thinks he is President. Identity function encryption In modern cryptology , null cipher or NONE cipher is also defined as choosing not to use encryption in a system where various encryption options are offered, such as for testing debugging, or authentication only communication. Thus the text is the same before and after encryption. In mathematics such a function is known as the identity function . Examples of this are the eNull , aNull , Null and aDH cipher suites in OpenSSL ref http www.openssl.org docs apps ciphers.html OpenSSL Documents, ciphers 1 ref and the NULL Encryption Algorithm in IPSec. ref RFC 2410 The NULL Encryption Algorithm and Its Use With IPsec ref Decoy Cypher The weak link in decryption is the human in the loop. Human computation is slow and expensive. Whenever a cypher needs to be sent to a human for semantic processing, this substantially increases the cost of decryption. A decoy cypher can take the form of noise sending copious messages of encrypted garbage plaintext. This decreases the signal to noise ratio for human ... more details
capability for ISAKMP using User Datagram Protocol UDP on port 500. Implementation The IPsec ... protocol IPsec Internet Key Exchange IKE GDOI References reflist External links RFC 2408 Internet ... more details
An IP tunnel is an Internet Protocol IP network communications channel between two networks. It is used to transport another network protocol by Encapsulation networking encapsulation of its packet information technology packet s. IP tunnels are often used for connecting two disjoint IP networks that don t have a native routing path to each other, via an underlying routable protocol across an intermediate transport network. In conjunction with the IPsec protocol they may be used to create a virtual private network between two or more private networks across a public network such as the Internet . Another prominent use is to connect islands of IPv6 installations across the IPv4 Internet. Image IPTunnelDiagram 01 12 07.jpg thumb right 300px IP tunnelling encapsulation In IP tunnelling, every IP packet, including addressing information of its source and destination IP networks, is encapsulated within another packet format native to the transit network. At the borders between the source network and the transit network, as well as the transit network and the destination network, gateways are used that establish the end points of the IP tunnel across the transit network. Thus, the IP tunnel endpoints become native IP routers that establish a standard IP route between the source and destination networks. Packets traversing these end points from the transit network are stripped from their transit frame format headers and trailers used in the tunnelling protocol and thus converted into native IP format and injected into the IP stack of the tunnel endpoints. In addition, any other protocol encapsulations used during transit, such as IPsec or Transport Layer Security , are removed. IP in IP , sometimes called ipencap , is an example of IP encapsulation within IP and is described in RFC 2003. Other variants of the IP in IP variety are IPv6 in IPv4 6in4 and IPv4 in IPv6 4in6 . IP tunneling often bypasses simple firewall rules transparently since the specific nature and addressin ... more details
or use a service. The following SAPIs have been approved by the NPF Interface Management API, IPSec ... agreements The NPF has created benchmarks for IP forwarding, IPSEC performance, MPLS ... more details
The Nexus Hawk is a gateway router computing router linking broadband cellular data, such as CDMA , GSM and 802.11 Wi Fi IEEE 802.11 802.11 802.11a a , 802.11 802.11b b , 802.11 802.11g g and Wide area network WAN such as BGAN Satellite networks providing enterprises with broadband wireless internet network data services in mobile and remote environments. ref http www.techproductnetwork.com TPN PRODUCT VIEW.ASPX?ID 100203 TPN View Product Bot generated title ref The Nexus Hawk s original development was funded under a DOD prime contract. The technology was primarily designed for military use and supports public safety. The Nexus Hawk is currently in use by law enforcement agencies, governmental data infrastructure, commercial fleet, connectivity in and to retail locations, and livery services in Washington DC. The device provides secure access to public and private wired and wireless networks including Sprint Nextel Sprint Nextel CDMA EVDO Rev A, 1xRTT , Verizon wireless Verizon Wireless CDMA EVDO Rev A 1xRTT , At&t wireless AT&T Wireless GSM HSDPA , Telus Telus CDMA EVDO Rev A 1xRTT , Washington DC EVDO Rev A Regional Wireless Broadband Network RWBN , non U.S. cellular networks, and secure WiFi. GPS for applications such as Automatic Vehicle Location AVL sometimes commercial referred to as fleet tracking or Geo Based Dispatch and Navigation. Connectivity to multiple simultaneous WAN paths with user selectable order for failover and fail back. Access to 4 simultaneous WANS and GPS . Automatic and persistent network connections. Incorporates a PCMCIA PC card CardBus CardBus slot to accommodate future networks such as WiMAX and Public Safety Band , accepts ExpressCard 34mm air cards, PCMCIA PC card CardBus CardBus air cards and USB air cards, Secure Remote Configuration Management, Built in Ipsec IPsec and Openvpn OpenVPN and pass through security features, FIPS 140 2 FIPS140 2 SSL Certified Module . See also High Speed Packet Access HSPA Huawei E220 References reflis ... more details
multiple issues one source August 2011 primary sources August 2011 self published August 2011 Cisco 837 is a router manufactured by Cisco Systems intended for SOHO network use. The device is typically used as an internet router via its ADSL Wide area network WAN port. It also incorporates an integrated 4 port Ethernet 10 100 Mbit s switch for local device connectivity. The Cisco 837 runs a Cisco IOS operating system and supports firewall, NAT Network address translation PAT Port address translation . The device also provides support for the use of multiple public IP addresses on its external WAN port. The device is also capable of acting as an IPSEC VPN gateway for remote connectivty. Cisco Systems provide a VPN client to use with this device and many other of its Cisco VPN capable products. The 837 differs from the 827 as it features hardware acceleration of Triple DES encryption, enhancing VPN performance. The 827 was available as a SOHO 7x and the 837 was available in some regions as a SOHO 9x, where x is 1 for Ethernet, 6 for ADSL over ISDN, or 7 for ADSL over Plain old telephone service POTS . ref cite web url http www.cisco.com en US products hw routers ps4866 index.html title Cisco SOHO 90 publisher Cisco.com accessdate 16 October 2009 ref This router is no longer supplied by Cisco. Specification Physical Device type router 4 port switch integrated Form factor external Dimensions WxDxH 24.6 cm x 21.6 cm x 5.1 cm Weight 0.7 kg CPU Motorola, MPC857DSL running at 66 MHz RAM 32MB installed in original model, 64MB in later models. Max is 80MB. Expansion using onboard DIMM socket. Flash memory 12MB installed 24MB max . 8MB 16MB for early revisions Expansion using onboard StrataFlash socket. Digital signaling protocol ADSL1 ADSL chipset ST Micro DynaMiTe 20150 former Alcatel Micro Electronics Software and features Routing protocol IGRP, RIP 2, GRE Data link protocol Ethernet, FastEthernet Network transport protocol TCP IP, PPtP, IPSec, PPPoE ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove August 2009 orphan July 2009 notability August 2009 AEP Netilla is a secure, remote application access gateway developed by AEP Networks. Netilla was originally developed by Netilla Networks, which merged with AEP Systems in 2004 to form AEP Networks. Netilla combines access features along with security options. It includes authentication methods and the creation of V Realms, which allow only selected groups to access certain applications and services. It uses authentication protocols such as Windows SMB Active Directory , Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP , RADIUS , RSA Security RSA SecurID , Kerberos protocol Kerberos , VASCO Data Security International VASCO , Aladdin Knowledge Systems Aladdin and ActivCard. ref http www.scmagazineus.com AEP Netilla Security Platform Review 112 SC Magazine review ref The secure, remote application and network access solution is available in various hardware models as well as a virtual appliance. ref http www.brianmadden.com blogs videos archive 2008 06 18 aep networks at briforum 2008 chicago.aspx Netilla Virtual Edition video from BriForum ref ref http www.aepnetworks.com index.php solutions products secure application access netilla AEP Netilla Overview ref Certifications ICSA Labs sets standards for information security products and certifies over 95 of the installed base of anti virus, firewall, IPsec IPSec VPN, cryptography, Virtual private network SSL VPN , network IPS, Spyware anti spyware and PC firewall products commonly deployed in the world today. ref http www.icsalabs.com ICSA Labs Web Site ref Netilla is in compliance with ICSA s security standards which includes ICSA Labs Cryptography Product certification Product Certification Program. ref http www.icsalabs.com icsa docs html communities ssl tls certification ssl vpn 3.0 aep nsp 5.6.0.8 ssl tls 3.0 lab report.pdf ICSA Labs Netilla Certification Report ref CESG is a unit of the UK s Government Communications Headquarters and works ... more details
. Router Firewall, Gateway Anti Spam & Anti Virus for Web, FTP and Email, OpenVPN, IPsec, Hotspot ... operating system with MLPLS, BGP, OSPF, Firewalling, Traffic Control, VPN, IPSEC, ... support. Free ... Free Small Web administrative router firewall VPN ipsec pptp only no openVPN distribution. OpenWrt ... tailored for use as a firewall, router, DHCP Server, Gateway, OpenVPN, IPsec, Proxy and Anti ... Spam Blocker, Virus Blocker, Web Filter, OpenVPN, IPsec, Protocol Control & More. Vyatta Active Linux ... more details
channel. It is particularly useful to applications that intend to rely on TLS or IPsec for session transport security. Channel bindings also stimulate the development of APIs for IPsec and an unauthenticated mode of IPsec. , which makes some GSSAPI interoperability impossible. Another ... more details
SPD often stands for the Social Democratic Party of Germany , one of the two biggest political parties in Germany. SPD may also stand for TOCright Computing Security Policy Database , rules in an IPsec implementation, for example in a High Assurance Internet Protocol Encryptor Serial Presence Detect , a method to access memory module information Fiction Space Patrol Delta , an organization in Power Rangers S.P.D. Special Police Dekaranger , a police organization in Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger Medicine Schizoid personality disorder , a personality disorder Semantic pragmatic disorder , a pervasive developmental disorder Symphysis pubis dysfunction , pelvic joint pain during pregnancy or childbirth Sensory processing disorder , a neurological disorder Organisations Nintendo Software Planning and Development , a department inside Nintendo Sigma Phi Delta , a professional engineering fraternity Small Press Distribution , a non profit literary arts organization in Berkeley, California South Pacific Division of Seventh day Adventists , an organisation that governs the work of the Seventh day Adventist Church in Oceania Police Sacramento Police Department Seattle Police Department Science and technology Suspended Particle Device , glass or plastic with electrically variable light transmission Shimano Pedaling Dynamics , clipless bicycle pedals Spectral power distribution , of light Symmetric positive definite matrix , in mathematics Surge protection device , for electrical voltages Other Saidpur Airport , Bangladesh by IATA code See also SDP disambiguation DSP disambiguation PDS disambiguation disambig de SPD Begriffskl rung es SPD desambiguaci n eo SPD it SPD disambigua la SPD discretiva nl SPD ja SPD zh SPD ... more details
selfref For the Wikipedia editing policy, see Wikipedia AH . AH also Ah or ah may refer to Ah digraph , a digraph used in Taa orthography Adolf Hitler 1889 1945 , Austrian born dictator of Nazi Germany and leader of the NSDAP After hours trading in stock trading Air handler , or air handling unit AHU , a device used to condition and circulate air Albert Heijn , a Dutch supermarket chain owned by Ahold Ampere hour , a unit of electric charge Anhui , a Chinese province Asian Highway Attohenry aH , an SI unit of inductance Auction house Austria Hungary , a former European empire Hijri year Anno Hegirae in the Islamic calendar Adenomatous hyperplasia see endometrial adenomatous hyperplasia and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia In aviation AH 1 Cobra , a model of attack helicopter AH 64 Apache , a model of attack helicopter Artificial Horizon , a cockpit instrument Aviation In computing Ah computer virus , a DOS computer virus AH register , the high byte of an X86 16 bit AX register Authentication Header , a part of the IPsec protocol suite In entertainment Ah song Ah song , a song by Japanese J Pop and rock band Superfly A ha , a New Wave Synthpop band from Norway Alternate History , a subgenre of speculative fiction Arcana Heart . a video game series Avalon Hill , makers of military themed board games See also lookfrom intitle disambiguation cs AH de AH el AH es Ah eo AH fa AH fr AH ko AH id AH it AH sw AH lt AH nl AH ja AH no AH nn Ah pl Ah pt AH ro AH ru AH sl AH fi Ah sv AH zh AH ... more details
The acronym DPD may stand for Organizations Dallas Police Department Texas Democratic Party of Germany Demokratische Partei Deutschlands or DPD , liberal party in Germany Denver Police Department Colorado Regional Representative Council lang id Dewan Perwakilan Daerah , chamber in the Indonesian parliament. Detroit Police Department Companies Dynamic Parcel Distribution , formerly Deutscher Paket Dienst and also named Direct Parcel Distribution in some countries an international parcel delivery company, founded in Germany in 1976 Medical Depersonalization disorder a condition that causes the individual to feel persistently detached or and out of the body Depressive personality disorder Dependent personality disorder Dissocial personality disorder Miscellaneous Dead Peer Detection , a feature of some IPsec VPN implementations Delegated Path Discovery Densely packed decimal , a system of binary encoding for decimal digits Development Plan Document , documents which outline the key development goals of the Local Development Framework Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase , an enzyme that is involved in pyrimidine metabolism Dissipative particle dynamics , a mesoscopic particle based materials simulation technique Participatory design Distributed Participatory Design Diver propulsion vehicle Diver propulsion device , an item of diving equipment used to increase range underwater. N,N diethyl p phenylenediamine, a Phenylenediamine disambiguation Phenylenediamine often used to determine chlorine in water Panhispanic dictionary of doubts lang es Diccionario panhisp nico de dudas , a Spanish language dictionary. The three letter code for Dorking Deepdene railway station a railway station in Dorking, England. disambig de DPD fa DPD fr DPD hu DPD egy rtelm s t lap nl DPD ja DPD ... more details
Suite B is a set of cryptographic algorithms promulgated by the National Security Agency as part of its Cryptographic Modernization Program . It is to serve as an interoperable cryptographic base for both unclassified information and most classified information . Suite B was announced on 16 February 2005. A corresponding set of unpublished algorithms, NSA Suite A Cryptography Suite A , is intended for highly sensitive communication and critical authentication systems. Suite B s components are Advanced Encryption Standard AES with key sizes of 128 and 256 bits. For traffic, AES should be used with the Galois Counter Mode GCM mode of operation see Block cipher modes of operation symmetric encryption Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm ECDSA digital signature s Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman ECDH key agreement SHA 2 Secure Hash Algorithm 2 SHA 256 and SHA 384 message digest Per CNSSP 15, the 256 bit elliptic curve specified in FIPS 186 2 , SHA 256, and AES with 128 bit keys are sufficient for protecting classified information up to the Security clearance Secret Secret level, while the 384 bit elliptic curve specified in FIPS 186 2 , SHA 384, and AES with 256 bit keys are necessary for the protection of Security clearance Top Secret Top Secret information. Certicom Corporation of Ontario Canada holds some ECC patents elliptic curve patents , which have been licensed by NSA for U.S. government use. These include patents on ECMQV , but ECMQV has been dropped from Suite B. AES and SHA had been previously released and have no patent restrictions. In December 2006, NSA submitted an Internet Draft on implementing Suite B as part of IPsec . This draft has been accepted for publication by IETF as RFC 4869, later obsoleted by RFC 6379. References NSA, http www.nsa.gov ia programs suiteb cryptography index.shtml NSA Suite B Cryptography NIST, Recommendation for Pair Wise Key Establishment Schemes Using Discrete Logarithm Cryptography, http csrc.nist.gov publications nistpub ... more details
no footnotes date January 2011 The SEcure Neighbor Discovery SEND protocol is a security extension of the Neighbor Discovery Protocol NDP in IPv6 . SEND is defined in RFC 3971 2005 . It is a subject to http www.google.com patents?id yzqxAAAAEBAJ patent US 2008 0307516 A1 The Neighbor Discovery Protocol NDP is responsible in IPv6 for discovery of other network nodes on the local link, to determine the link layer addresses of other nodes, and to find available routers, and maintain reachability information about the paths to other active neighbor nodes RFC 4861 . This protocol is insecure and susceptible to malicious interference. It is the intent of SEcure Neighbor Discovery to provide an alternate mechanism for securing NDP with a cryptographic method that is independent of IPsec , the original and inherent method of securing IPv6 communications. SEND protocol uses Cryptographically Generated Addresses . Implementations http www.docomolabs usa.com lab opensource.html USL SEND discontinued , NTT DoCoMo http mobisend.org software.html Docomo USL SEND fork http amnesiak.org NDprotector NDprotector , Telecom SudParis http code.google.com p ipv6 send cga ipv6 send cga , Huawei and Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications http sourceforge.net projects easy send Easy SEND http code.google.com p google summer of code 2009 freebsd downloads detail?name Ana Kukec.tar.gz Native SeND kernel API http www.trustrouter.net TrustRouter http ipv6sra.rozanak.com WinSEND See also Neighbor Discovery Protocol References RFC 3971, SEcure Neighbor Discovery SEND , J.Arkko Ed. , et al., March 2005 RFC 4861, Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 IPv6 , T.Narten, et al., September 2007 compu network stub IPv6 Category Internet protocols Category Cryptographic protocols Category Link protocols Category IPv6 fr Secure Neighbor Discovery Protocol id Secure Neighbor Discovery Protocol ... more details
Anti replay is a sub protocol of IPsec that is part of Internet Engineering Task Force IETF . The main goal of anti replay is to avoid hackers injecting or making changes in packets that travel from a source to a destination. Anti replay protocol uses a unidirectional security association in order to establish a secure connection between two nodes in the network. Once a secure connection is established, anti replay protocol will use a sequence number or a counter. When the source sends a message, it adds a sequence number to its packet starting at 0 and increments every time it sends another message. The other end, which is the destination, receives the message and keeps a history of the number and shifts it as the new number. If the next message has a lower number, the destination will drop the packet, and, if the number is larger than the previous one, it keeps and shifts it as the new number and so on. ref cite book last Szigeti first Tim title End to end QoS network design Quality of service in LANs, WANs, and VPNs year 2005 publisher Cisco Press location Indianapolis, IN isbn 1 58705 176 1 pages 732 coauthors 9794,, CCIE No., Hattingh, Christina ref ref cite book last Lee first Donald C. title Enhanced IP services for Cisco networks year 1999 publisher Cisco Press location Indianapolis, IN, USA isbn 1 57870 106 6 pages 386 ref References reflist Category Internet protocols Category Internet layer protocols Category Cryptographic protocols Category Tunneling protocols Category Network layer protocols tr Anti replay ... more details
A Security Association SA is the establishment of shared security attributes between two network entities to support secure communication. An SA may include attributes such as cryptographic algorithm and mode traffic encryption key and parameters for the network data to be passed over the connection. The framework for establishing security associations is provided by the Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol ISAKMP . Protocols such as Internet Key Exchange and Kerberized Internet Negotiation of Keys provide authenticated keying material. ref name rfc2409 sec1 The Internet Key Exchange IKE , RFC 2409, 1 Abstract ref An SA is a Simplex communication simplex one way channel and logical connection which endorses and provides a secure data connection between the network devices. The fundamental requirement of an SA arrives when the two entities communicate over more than one channel. Take an example of wireless networks mobile subscriber and a base station . The subscriber may subscribe itself for more than one service. Therefore each service may have different service primitives like a data encryption algorithm, public key or initialization vector. Now to make things easier, all this security information is grouped logically. This logical group itself is a Security Association. Each SA has its own ID called SAID. So now the base station and mobile subscriber will share the SAID and they will derive all the security parameters, making things a lot easier. In a nutshell, an SA is a logical group of security parameters that enable the sharing of information to another entity. See also IPsec Internet Key Exchange IKE Notes reflist References Internet Key Exchange IKEv2 Protocol RFC 4306 Category Cryptographic protocols Category Cryptography telecomm stub crypto stub de Security Association ... more details
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