28brain 29 Computer jargon wetware bugs as the user is considered part of the system, in a hardware ...A user error is an error made by the human End user computer science user of a complex system, usually ... of human reliability . User Error and related phrases such as PEBKAC Problem Exists Between ... name urbandic cite web url http www.urbandictionary.com define.php?term User 20Error title User ... of computer savvy, asserting that problems arisen when using a device are the fault of the user. Critics ... Reasons for user errors Joel Spolsky points out that users usually do not pay full attention to the computer system while using it. ref User Interface Design for Programmers Chapter 6 cite web url http ... design such as Alan Cooper ref About Face The Essentials of User Interface Design ISBN 1 56884 322 4 ref believe this concept puts blame in the wrong place, the user, instead of blaming the error ... a wrong mental model , even though the user took explicit care to preserve the data. ref cite ... 20an 20error 20message 2C 20please 20stop 22&f false Messages to the User ref Don Norman suggests changing the common technical attitude towards user error ref cite web url http www.amazon.ca product ... Don t think of the user as making errors think of the actions as approximations of what is desired blockquote Acronyms and other names for a user error Don t add unsourced definitions Wiktionary PEBCAK ... expert s to describe a user error as a problem that is attributed to the user s ignorance instead ... cartoons ?id 19980506&mode classic title User Friendly Strip from 6 May 1998 work User Friendly date 6 May 1998 first J. D. last Frazer authorlink J. D. Frazer accessdate 2008 12 24 ref way to describe user errors. A highly popularized example of this is a user mistaking their CD ROM tray for a cupholder, or a user looking for the any key . However, any variety of stupidity or ignorance induced problems can be described as user errors. PEBKAC Phrases used by the tech savvy to mean ... more details
orphan date June 2011 User Virtualization refers to the independent management of all aspects of the user on the desktop environment . User virtualization solutions provide consistent and seamless working environments across a range of application delivery mechanisms. User Virtualization for Virtual Desktops For virtualized desktop environments, user virtualization represents a fundamental change in the way the corporate desktop is constructed, delivered and managed. The user s personality is decoupled ... into a desktop as needed without scripting , group policies or use of user profiles regardless ... , etc. . User Virtualization for Terminal Servers For Server computing server based computing environments, user virtualization enables IT to have more control over the shared environment, optimize ..., providing protection from unknown executables and ensuring compliance with Microsoft licensing. User Personality User personality is a combination of corporate policy and user personalization. Policy is used to set up and maintain a user desktop environment desktop session. Policy also ensures a user ... and registry settings. Personalization constitutes any change a user makes to his or her desktop ... it quot user virtualization quot.aspx Let s make it official and call it user virtualization ... With Socialcast Buy http www.infoworld.com d virtualization appsense extends user virtualization user rights management 241 AppSense Extends User Virtualization with User Rights Management http www.windowsitpro.com blogs VirtualizationProTips tabid 2246 entryid 12988 Default.aspx Podcast Interview User Virtualization with AppSense http www.infoworld.com d virtualization appsense user virtualization solution helps desktop virtualization adoption 901 AppSense User Virtualization Solution Helps Desktop Virtualization Adoption http azure.snagy.name blog ?p 185 Above the Cloud User Virtualization http www.computerworld.com s article 9179911 User virtualization 8211 the key to successful desktop virtualization ... more details
other merge Consumer date February 2012 Unreferenced date July 2008 An end user is the person who uses a Product business product , i.e. the consumer . The term is based in the fields of economics and commerce . The end user may differ from the person who purchases the product. For instance, if a zookeeper purchases elephant Pet food food the purchaser of the product is different than the end user the elephant of that product. An User computing End user end user of a computer system is someone who operates the computer, as opposed to the developer of the system who creates new functions for end users. In contracts, the term end user becomes a legal construct referring to a non reseller . This definition characterizes the store the zookeeper bought food from as a non end user, but the zookeeper as an end user. This legal construct most often appears in End User License Agreement s EULA s the end user is the one who uses the product irrespective of who developes it or who buys it. econ term stub Category Economics terminology ca Consumidor final da Slutbruger de Endbenutzer es Consumidor final fa he ja ko sv Slutanv ndare zh ... more details
Amiga, the magazine changed its title CU Commodore User Amiga 64 , with the emphasis on the CU part. The Commodore Userpart was quickly dropped and the name remained CU Amiga 64 . This period ...Infobox Magazine title Commodore User image file cunov1988.jpg image size 225px image caption Commodore User , November 1988 editor Dennis Jarrett Oct 83 Aug 84 br Bohdan Buciak Sep 84 Nov 84 br Eugene Lacey Dec 84 Jan 88 br Mike Pattenden Jan 88 Feb 90 frequency Monthly circulation 72,892 July Dec 1988 category Computer magazine company EMAP firstdate October 1983 country United Kingdom language English language English website issn 0265 721X finaldate February 1990 finalnumber 77 Commodore User , known to the readers as the abbreviated CU , was one of the oldest United Kingdom British Commodore International Commodore magazines. A publishing history spanning over 15 years, mixing content with technical and games features. Incorporating Vic Computing in 1983 by publishers EMAP , the magazine s focus moved to the emerging Commodore 64 , before introducing Amiga coverage in 1986, paving the way for Amiga s dominance and a title change to CU Amiga in 1990. Covering the 16 bit computer , the magazine continued for another eight years until the last issue was published in October 1998 when EMAP opted to close the magazine due to falling sales and a change in focus for EMAP. Timeline Carrying on from where Vic Computing left, Commodore User was launched in September 1983. Initially the magazine contained what was referred to as the serious side of computing, with programming tutorials, machine code features and business software reviews. The first issues were produced and written by a small team, consisting of editor Dennis Jarrett, a writer future editor Bohdan Buciak and editorial assistant Nicky Chapman. Features were written by a range of contributors. Rapidly the issue sizes ... video game magazines fr Commodore User ... more details
have a UID of zero 0 . The user nobody username nobody traditionally got the largest possible UID as the opposite of the superuser 32767. More recently, systems have assigned the user a UID in the system ... files and Network Information Service also refer to numeric UIDs. The user identifier has become ... line command Id Unix code id code gives the user s user identifier number as well as more information on the user account like the user name , primary user group and group identifier GID . Effective user ID The effective UID code euid code and effective GID code egid code affect file creation ... UID and effective GID of the process to determine if it can access the file. Saved user ID The saved user ID code suid code is used when a program running with elevated privileges needs to temporarily do some unprivileged work it changes its effective user ID from a privileged value typically root to some unprivileged one, and this triggers a copy of the privileged user ID to the saved user ID slot. Later, it can set its effective user ID back to the saved user ID an unprivileged process can only set its effective user ID to three values its real user ID, its saved user ID, and its effective user ID i.e., unchanged to resume its privileges. File system user ID Linux also has a file system user ... euid code unless explicitly set otherwise. It may be root s user ID only if code ruid code , code ... uid code without giving that code uid code permission to send them signals. Real user ID The real UID ... identifier Process identifier Inode File system permissions DEFAULTSORT User Identifier Category Unix de Benutzerkennung es UID fr User identifier it User identifier ja pl Identyfikator u ytkownika pt User identifier ru Unix ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 User assistance is a general term for guided assistance to a user of a software product. The phrase incorporates all forms of help available to a user. Assistance can also automatically perform procedures or step users through the procedure, depending on the question that the user asked. The term is broader than online help , and includes procedural and tutorial information. What it does User assistance provides information to help a person to interact with software. This can include describing the user interface, but also focuses on how to help the user to best apply the software capabilities to their needs. User assistance can be considered a component of the broader category of user experience . Devices User assistance employs a number of devices including help, Wizard software wizards , tutorials , printed manuals and their Portable Document Format PDF equivalents , and user interface text. User assistance professionals also contribute to enterprise knowledge bases and content management systems . Skills required Effective user assistance development requires a variety of communication skills. These include writing, editing, task analysis , and subject matter expert SME interviewing. Since the user assistance profession is directly involved with software development, the discipline often requires an understanding of User interface UI design, usability ... related to this topic, see Instruction manual computer and video games A traditional form of user assistance is a user manual, which is distributed either with the product in paper form or electronically. Typical features of a user manual include installation procedures, a guide to how to use the software ... For information related to this topic, see Helpline See also User interface Internationalization and localization ... User Assistance group http www.writersua.com WritersUA http www.indoition.com index.html indoition software user assistance resources http msdn2.microsoft.com en us library ms997596 Microsoft s User ... more details
This article is about the original Atari User . For New Atari User magazine, see Page 6 . For Atari User s ST based spin off, see Atari ST User . Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Atari user december 1986.jpg thumb Cover of Atari User magazine from December 1986. This issue also contains the Atari ST User supplement see top right . Atari User was a United Kingdom British computer magazine aimed at users of Atari home computer s, and published by Europress Database Publications later known as Europress between 1985 and 1988. Atari User was a general interest computer magazine, containing Video game games reviews as well as type in program s, tutorials and Computer hardware hardware projects. As with Database s other publications, its appearance was somewhat Conservatism conservative in comparison with its more games oriented contemporaries, such as Computer and Video Games magazine Computer and Video Games C&VG . The editorial style was equally restrained and relatively formal. Andre ... increased, it was given its own pull out section called Atari ST User . From the April 1987 issue onwards, Atari ST User was Spin off media spun off as a magazine in its own right and went on to outlive its parent by a number of years. Following the split, Atari User was almost entirely oriented ... available on newsstand s, Atari User was the only British magazine with dedicated or even significant ... in November 1988, Database sold the Atari User name but not Atari ST User to the publishers of Page 6 magazine, an independent rival. Page 6 was briefly renamed Page 6 Atari User , before settling on New Atari User . Despite the name, New Atari User was to all intents and purposes the same magazine as Page 6 it had virtually no editorial continuity with the old Atari User . See also ANTIC magazine ... Category Atari ST magazines Supported ST line for almost two years prior to ST User spin off and prior to creation of ST User pull out Category Magazines established in 1985 Category Magazines disestablished ... more details
Media . See User Friendly Bibliography In late 2007, it was part of the exhibit Infinite Canvas ...about a popular webcomic titled User Friendly the term used generically Usability other uses User Friendly disambiguation Infobox Webcomic title User Friendly image Image Userfriendly.20030128.gif 500px ... ?id 20030128&mode classic An example of a User Friendly comic strip author J. D. Frazer , a.k.a. Illiad ... Bot generated title ref ended genre technology and geek humor ratings User Friendly is a daily webcomic ... as part of a competition, started to appear as of August 2, 2010. ref http ars.userfriendly.org ... basis. History User Friendly started when J. D. Frazer, working as creative director for a Canadian ... books and merchandising. ref name COMIXtalk ref name autogenerated1 In late 1999, User Friendly ... them design and host a website advertising their product, Caf . Since 2000, User Friendly is published .... ref name autogenerated1 ref http oreilly.com catalog 9781565926738 User Friendly O Reilly ... of User Friendly characters Visible anchor A.J. Garrett A.J., Illiad s alter ego, ref name ufver1.0 cite book last Frazer first J. D. authorlink J. D. Frazer title User Friendly v1.0 date March month ... Slavic accent as part of his program to Become an Evil Genius. He has almost succeeded in taking ... links to comics can be found at List of User Friendly characters . Link of the day LOTD Every ... have been published User Friendly, v1.0 , Plan Nine Publishing, 2002, ISBN 1 929462 39 5 collects earlier strips User Friendly , O Reilly, 1999, ISBN 1 56592 673 0 http ars.userfriendly.org ... ars.userfriendly.org cartoons ?id 20011117&mode classic November 17, 2001 User Friendly Die Deutsche ... contains a cartoon ref http ars.userfriendly.org cartoons ?id 20070717 User Friendly comic of July 17 ..., and credit the source of the punchlines. A thorough search of the archives by User Friendly fans ... date November 2010 . References Reflist 2 External links http www.userfriendly.org static User Friendly ... more details
primarysources date April 2011 Erol User is a well known Turkish businessman who is CEO of one of the largest investment banking companies in Turkey USER Danismanlik. Early life Born on March 23, 1960 User grew up in Istanbul with his family. ref cite web last User first Erol title Erol User s Biography url http www.eroluser.com biography.htm work Erol User Website publisher Erol User Website accessdate April 10, 2011 ref Education User attended public elementary school in Istanbul and was admitted ... University Faculty of Economics in September 1979. User completed a double major in Finance and Management. In 1986, User successfully completed an MBA at Harvard Business School . He then went on to complete the first International Leadership Academy in Japan in 1988. In 2010, User successfully completed MSc in Renewable Energy at Vienna Technical University . ref cite web last User first Erol title ... Vienna Technical University ref Employment and USER Danismanlik After serving World Bank and Turkish Government, User successfully started his own investment banking firm. The business, USER Danismanlik ... . Additionally, in 1996 User was a founding Member of Citibank Credit Cards Turkey. According to User, what matters most to our clients is the outcome. Our goal is to deliver results. The mission of USER ... objectives. USER Danismanlik aims to provide the highest possible level of service and deliver superior products. ref cite web last User first Erol title User Danismanlik Profile url http www.userdis.com profile.htm work User Danismanlik Website publisher User Danismanlik accessdate April 10, 2011 ... with the unique understanding of Turkish economy, industry and culture, helps USER Danismanlik consistently ... equity and buy out investments. ref cite web last User first Erol title User Dis Services url http www.userdis.com services.htm work User Danismanlik Website publisher User Danismanlik accessdate April 10, 2011 ref User is also exceedingly proud of his company s commitment to the UN Global ... more details
In telecommunications , a user is a person, organization, or other entity that employs the services provided by a telecommunication system, or by an information processing system, for transfer of information. A user functions as a source or final destination of user information , or both. Synonym subscriber . User is also a person or process accessing an automated information system AIS by direct connections e.g., via terminals or indirect connections. Indirect connection relates to persons who prepare input data or receive output that is not reviewed for content or classification by a responsible individual. Sources FS1037C MS188 National Information Systems Security Glossary See also User computing Category Telecommunications de Teilnehmer Kommunikationssystem ... more details
November 2010 A user is an Intelligent agent agent , either a human agent end user or software agent , who uses a computer or Computer network network Service systems architecture service . A user often has a user account and is identified by a username also user name , screen name also screenname ... web url http catb.org jargon html U user.html title User accessdate November 7, 2010 ref In Hacker ... user s. In projects in which the Actor UML actor of the system is another system or a software agent , it is quite possible that there is no end user for the system. In this case, the end users for the system ...? date January 2011 End user linked from End user also End user The term end user refers to the ultimate ... of that group of end user s of computers i.e. the expected user or target user . The term .... This abstraction is primarily useful in designing the user interface , and refers to a relevant subset of characteristics that most expected users would have in common. In user centered design , several fictional Persona user centered design Personas are created to represent the archetypal end users ... user category, especially when designing programs for use by the general public, it is common practice ... with the term end user . ref cite web url http www.webopedia.com TERM E end user.html title What is end user? accessdate November 7, 2010 ref In this context, easy to learn Graphical user interface ... s for the sake of User interface Usability usability . The end user development discipline blurs ... significant knowledge of a programming language. User account A user s account allows a user ... them however, authentication does not imply authorization. To login log in to an account, a user ... the user has logged on, the operating system will often use an identifier such as an integer to refer ..., the username is correlated with a User identifier Unix user identifier or user id . Computer systems are divided into two groups based on what kind of users they have Single user systems do not have ... more details
A user journey is, colloquialism colloquially in the UK and parts of the US, the experiences a person has when utilizing interacting with something typically software . This idea is generally found in user experience circles around web design and how users interact with software experiences. It is often used as a shorthand short hand for the overall user experience and set of actions that one can take in a software virtual reality virtual experience. References Unreferenced date February 2010 references references computing stub technology stub Category Computer mediated communication ... more details
User modeling is a subdivision of human computer interaction and describes the process of building up and modifying a user model. The main goal of user modeling is customization and Adaptation computer science adaptation of systems to the user s specific needs. The system needs to say the right thing at the right time in the right way . ref name Fischer Citation last1 Fischer first1 Gerhard title User Modeling in Human Computer Interaction journal User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction 11 pages 65 68 year 2001 ref To do so it needs an internal representation of the user. Another common purpose ... last2 Taatgen first2 Niels chapter User Modeling title Handbook of human factors in Web design pages 424 439 publisher Lawrence Erlbaum Associates year 2005 ref User models can thus serve as a cheaper alternative to user testing . User Model A user model represents a collection of personal data associated with a specific user. Therefore, it is the basis for any adaptive changes to the system s behavior ... with the system. There are different design patterns for user models, though often a mixture ... Wendy title An Evaluation of Adapted Hypermedia Techniques Using Static User Modelling journal Proceedings ... ah98 Hothi Hothi.html ref Static user models Static user models are the most basic kinds of user models. Once the main data is gathered they are normally not changed again, they are static .... Dynamic user models Dynamic user models allow a more up to date representation of users. Changes ... the user models. The models can thus be updated and take the current needs and goals of the users into account. Stereotype based user models Stereotype based user models are based on Demographics ... therefore can make assumptions about a user even though there might be no data about that specific .... Thus, stereotype based user models mainly rely on statistics and do not take into account that personal attributes might not match the stereotype. However, they allow predictions about a user ... more details
File User Profile Info Model.png thumb User Profile Info Model The user profile originated with the first social portal, Tsunmai CE Corp, in 1999 for it s SharedNetwork subscribers. Tsunami CE Corp recognized early in 1999 tracking data of a person or organization or business would not be sufficient for future connections without implementing all aspects important to the profile to be ePublished. For this reason, Tsunami CE Corp founder Annette Abbott added to the user profile image, video, audio and other uploadable digital media data. Annette Abbott is also responsible for the editing capabilities of the user profile seen on social media today. The user profile is currently offered as a product available for licenisng through Tsunami s parent company, CEhub, Inc. The network provides an infrastructure featureing shared servers, shared software, shared storage and shared networking for the purpose of making connections, data analysis, marketing and selling products and services at a greatly reduced rate. This method of doing business established in 1999 by Tsunami CE Corp is under patent and offered for licensing through its parent company CEhub, Inc. A user profile userprofile , or simply profile when used in context is a collection of personal data associated to a specific User computing user . A profile refers therefore to the explicit digital representation of a person s Online identity identity . A user profile can also be considered as the computer representation of a user modeling user model . A profile can be used to store the description of the characteristics of person ... of a profile via the extraction from a set of data. User profiles can be found on operating system ... profile Online identity Personalization Profiling Stereotype User modeling Windows CardSpace ... overview.mspx?mfr true Microsoft on User Profiles Online social networking Social networking DEFAULTSORT User Profile Category Software features Category Knowledge representation Category Identity ... more details
The user illusion is the illusion created for the user by a human computer interface , for example the desktop metaphor visual metaphor of a desktop used in many graphical user interfaces . The phrase originated at Xerox PARC ref cite book author Bruce Tognazzini authorlink Bruce Tognazzini title Tog on Software Design isbn 0 201 48917 1 date 1996 publisher Addison Wesley Professional url http books.google.com books?id UKBQAAAAMAAJ ref . Some Philosophy of mind philosophers of mind have argued that consciousness is a form of user illusion. This notion is explored by Tor N rretranders in his 1991 Danish book M rk verden , issued in a 1998 English edition as The User Illusion Cutting Consciousness Down to Size . ref cite book author Tor N rretranders authorlink Tor N rretranders title The User Illusion Cutting Consciousness Down to Size isbn 0 670 87579 1 date 1998 publisher Viking url http books.google.com books?id TwMwAAAAMAAJ ref He introduced the notion of exformation in this book. According to this picture, our experience of the world is not immediate, as all sensation requires processing time. It follows that our conscious experience is less a perfect reflection of what is occurring, and more a simulation produced unconsciously by the brain. Therefore, there may exist phenomenon that exists beyond our peripheries, beyond what consciousness could create to isolate or reduce them. See also Bicameralism psychology References reflist Category User interfaces Category Consciousness studies Category Artificial intelligence philosophy stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 User expectations refers to the consistency that users expect from products. Interaction design is very concerned with this topic. For example, our user expectations for traffic behavior is one of the more consistent ones because it is governed by traffic law s that are enforced. Software , or even worse small consumer electronics , on the other hand, can have widely varying degrees of consistency. A good rule of thumb or design principle to use in interaction design is to follow the Principle of least astonishment . In the case of interactive software application s, for example, users form expectations based on their experience with similar kinds of software. Effective software design aims to conform with prevailing norms for aspects of behavior such as the software s user interface and its response time responsiveness . A commonly noted sign of poor usability and human factors due to the violation of user expectations is when information sign signs are needed for common things like doors. This was made famous by Donald A. Norman in his seminal book The Psychology of Everyday Things . There is also a website devoted to such Bad Designs http baddesigns.com . See also User experience design External links http www.adaptivepath.com publications essays archives 000272.php User Expectations in a World of Smart Devices, by Mike Kuniavsky http webword.com moving expectations.html Managing User Expectations, by John Rhodes http www.scottberkun.com essays 5 how to avoid foolish consistency How to Avoid Foolish Consistency , by Scott Berkun Category Design ... more details
Unreferenced January 2010 date September 2010 User pays , or beneficiary pays , is a pricing approach based on the idea that the most efficient allocation of resources occurs when consumer s pay the full cost of the goods that they consume. In public finance it stands with another principle of Progressive tax ability to pay , which states that those who have the means should share more of the burden of public services . The ability to pay principle is one the reasons for the general acceptance of the progressive income tax system. The principle of user pay supports the idea of horizontal equity , which states that those in similar wealth and income positions should be treated equally by the tax system. The basic idea is that those who do not use a service should not be obligated to pay for it. As long as the beneficiary aligns exactly with the user, the user pay principle works. Those who do not go to a movie are not obligated to pay for someone else to attend. In public goods, beneficiaries and users often do not align. The divergence of user and beneficiary occurs when Production economics production and Consumption economics consumption have external effects. The driver, who purchases gasoline , may believe he or she is paying for the full cost user pay of using gasoline, except that greenhouse gases are produced. These impose costs on the Environment biophysical environment and are believed to contribute to climate change . The beneficiaries must bear costs not paid in the purchase of gasoline. In this case the user pay principle results in the driver not paying the full or social cost of using fossil fuels , which creates a strong argument for regulation and other forms of public intervention. Increasing taxes on gasoline is one possible response that preserves the user pay principle by increasing the costs to user. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT User Pays Category Pricing Category Economics terminology nl Profijtbeginsel ... more details
Incomplete date October 2007 Infobox Magazine title Sinclair User image file sinclair user cover.jpg image size 200px image caption Cover of Sinclair User from 1987 editor editor title previous editor Apr 1982 John Sterlicchi br May 82 Jan 84 Nigel Clark br Feb 84 May 86 Bill Scolding br Jun 86 Apr 88 David Kelly br Mar 88 May 89 Graham Taylor br Jun 89 Nov 90 Jim Douglas br Dec 90 Apr 92 Garth Sumpter br May 92 May 93 Alan Dykes staff writer frequency Monthly circulation category Computer magazines company ECC Publications Ltd April 1982 August 1984 br EMAP September 84 May 1993 publisher firstdate April 1982 country United Kingdom based language English language English website issn 0262 5458 ... title April 1993, Issue 134 publisher Sinclair User Magazine Online work ysincuser.f9.co.uk accessdate 2006 11 15 ref Sinclair User , often abbreviated SU , was a magazine dedicated to the Sinclair ... User but in practice this meant little more than the addition of the Crash logo to the magazine ... to something aimed more at children. Timex Sinclair User Image Timex Sinclair User FAIR USE ONLY.jpg thumb 220px left Timex Sinclair User was a spin off published for the US market. A short lived ref http www.worldofspectrum.org timex tsuser.htm ref spin off known as Timex Sinclair User was also ... www.worldofspectrum.org timex tsuser.htm ref See also Image Sinclair User Early Example FAIR USE ONLY.jpg ... more than one example of Sinclair User cover is justified here Your Sinclair CRASH magazine CRASH External links http www.sincuser.f9.co.uk SUMO Sinclair User Magazine Online , an unofficial online archive of the Sinclair User ftp ftp.worldofspectrum.org pub sinclair magazines SinclairUser SinclairUserViewer.html Sinclair User WOS Images of scanned pages of Sinclair User at World of Spectrum http ... User review. References references Category British video game magazines Category Home computer ... magazines fr Sinclair User hu Sinclair User ru Sinclair User NOTOC ... more details
A user guide or user s guide , also commonly known as a manual , is a technical communication document intended to give assistance to people using a particular system. ref cite web title Online Technical Writing User Guides url http www.prismnet.com hcexres textbook user guides.html date work publisher hcexres io.com accessdate 13 August 2009 ref It is usually written by a technical writer , although user guides are written by programmers, product or project managers, or other technical staff, particularly in smaller companies. User guides are most commonly associated with electronic goods, computer hardware and computer software software . Most user guides contain both a written guide and the associated images. In the case of computer applications, it is usual to include screenshot s of the human machine interface s , and hardware manuals often include clear, simplified diagram s. The language used is matched to the intended audience , with jargon kept to a minimum or explained thoroughly. Contents of a user manual The sections of a user manual often include A cover page A title page and copyright page A preface, containing details of related documents and information on how to navigate the user guide A contents page A guide on how to use at least the main functions of the system A troubleshooting section detailing possible errors or problems that may occur, along with how to fix ... and, for larger documents, an index publishing index Computer software manuals and guides User manuals and user guides for most non trivial software application s are book like documents with contents similar to the above list. The Starta User Manual ref cite web title Starta User Manual url http www.startadevelopment.com ... with many internal links. The Google Earth User Guide ref cite web title Google Earth User ... a sub set of the application s full functionality, a user guide may be prepared for each group. An example ... Administrator Guides , User computing User Guides , and a Software developer Developer s Guide ... more details
A user of a system is a person who interacts with the system, to enable its operation , or to utilize its function. User types Users authorized to change the way the system behaves are often called operators . Users who need to concern the system, but do not operate it, are sometimes called audience . For example, when a driver car operator uses the horn to warn a pedestrian, then the driver is the horn operator and the pedestrian is the audience. ref http ergolight sw.com CHI Company Articles Alarm Reliability.pdf Harel 2006 . Alarm Reliability, User Experience Magazine, Vol 5., Issue 3 ref Other examples of various types of users are the operators of electronic boards , such as in airports or in eCommerce, who advertise the messages, and the audience, who read the messages. Related terms This term is distinguished from users in computing see User computing , in which the user is often a piece of software , called agent that needs another piece of software for its operation. This kind of terminology is typical of computer operation, which adopts terms used in daily human activities files, programs, program entry and exit, quitting, abortion, desktop, mouse, and more . This term is synonymous with end user , a term introduced by software developers , to distinguish the irrational user from themselves ref http www.dorsethouse.com pdf Dorset House psy.pdf Gerald Weinberg 1971 . The psychology of computer programming ref Unlike consumer products , the customers of systems are not the same as the users. Typically, the customer is often an organization , and the user is an employee of that organization. This implies, for example, that in case of significant loss due to use error , the customer seeks to nominate the user as accountable for the loss. References Reflist Category Cybernetics Category Systems Category Systems theory Category Systems science Category Systems engineering Category Ergonomics Category Usability th ... more details
A user charge is a charge for the use of a product or service. A user charge may apply per use of the good or service or for the use of the good or service. The first is a charge for each time while the second is a charge for bulk or time limited use. Application Government USA The United States government may apply a user charge against identifiable recipients who enjoy special benefits derived from federal activities beyond those received by the general public. ref name White House circular http www.whitehouse.gov omb circulars a025 a025.html White House circular ref User charges should be sufficient to recover the full cost to the federal government of providing the service, resource or good provided by the government. ref name White House circular Whenever possible such user charges should be set at rates rather than fixed dollar amounts in order to adjust for changes in costs to the government or changes in market prices for provided goods, resources, or services. ref name White House circular EU Charge paid for a specific environmental service such as treating wastewater or disposing of waste provided to the user. ref http glossary.eea.europa.eu EEAGlossary U user charge European Environment Agency ref See also London congestion charge Toll road References References External links http www.whitehouse.gov omb White House Office of Management and Budget http www.deq.louisiana.gov portal Portals 0 financial srf guide ucs.pdf User Charge System for State Revolving Fund System Category Taxation Category Basic financial concepts uk ... more details
In computing , a user agent is software a software agent that is acting on behalf of a user computing user . For example, an email reader is a Mail User Agent , and in the Session Initiation Protocol SIP , the term user agent refers to both end points of a communications session. ref RFC 3261, SIP Session Initiation Protocol , IETF, The Internet Society 2002 ref In many cases, a user agent acts as a client ... originating the request, using a User Agent header, even when the client is not operated by a user. The SIP protocol based on HTTP followed this usage. User agent identification When a software agent ... field User Agent . Internet bot Bot s, such as Web crawlers, often also include a Uniform Resource Locator ..., the User Agent string is often used for content negotiation , where the origin server selects suitable content or operating parameters for the response. For example, the User Agent string might be used ... software. The User Agent string is one of the criteria by which Web crawlers may be excluded from ... privacy issue As with many other HTTP request headers, the information in the User Agent string contributes ... from user to user. ref Peter Eckersley. https www.eff.org deeplinks 2010 01 tracking by user agent ... , 27 January 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2011. ref Format The User Agent string format is currently ... The format of the User Agent string in HTTP is a list of product tokens keywords with optional comments. For example if your product were called WikiBrowser, your user agent string might be WikiBrowser ... identified as some version of Mozilla . For this reason, most Web browsers use a User Agent value ... a streamlined experience to joining meetings. User agent spoofing The popularity of various Web browser ... design sent according to the user agent string received. This may mean that less popular browsers are not sent ... download manager s and offline browser s, often have the ability to change the user agent string. Spam bots and Web scrapers often use fake user agents. At times it has been popular among Web developers ... more details
Infobox magazine title The Micro User image file The Micro User issue 1.jpg image size 220px image caption The Micro User issue 1, cover dated March 1983. A reference sticker of the BBC Micro s display modes was mounted on the cover. editor Derek Meakin editor title Managing editor staff writer frequency Monthly circulation 68,328 br ABC Audit Bureau of Circulations UK ABC , January June 1984 category Home computing , information technology , electronics company Database Publications publisher firstdate March 1983 country Flag United Kingdom based Station Street, Stockport , Greater Manchester SK7 language English website issn 0265 4040 finaldate September 1992 finalnumber Vol 10 No 7 The Micro User titled BBC Micro User in the first three issues was a British specialist magazine catering to users of the BBC Micro computer series, Acorn Electron , Acorn Archimedes and, to a limited extent, the Cambridge Z88 . It had a comprehensive mix of reviews of games, application software, and the latest Acorn Computers Acorn computers type in program s duplicated on a cover disk which was available separately , a correspondence page offering help with computer problems, and approachable technical articles on programming and the BBC Micro s internals. The magazine hosted the long running Body Building series by Mike Cook, in which each article introduced a small electronics project that could be built and connected to one of the BBC Micro s I O ports. The project could be ordered in kit form ... User as a pull out this then split off into an independent publication. External links http www.acornelectron.co.uk mags mu top lvl.html The Micro User Cover Scans Acorn Electron World http mags.acornpreservation.org The Micro User Magazine Acorn Preservation Dot Org http www.computinghistory.org.uk sec 381 The Micro User The Micro User Magazine The Centre for Computing History DEFAULTSORT Micro User, The Category Defunct British computer magazines Category Home computer magazines Category Magazines ... more details
Disputed date September 2009 Unreferenced date September 2009 A user exit is a subroutine invoked by a software package for a predefined event in the execution of the package. Clients of the package can substitute their own subroutines in place of the default ones provided by the package vendor to provide customized functionality. A typical use is replacing the user exits provided by a sorting algorithm sort merge package, whereby the user program provides its own subroutines for comparing records. The procedures provided by the user take the place of the default routines usually stubs that do nothing but return statement return to their caller provided by the package vendor. Procedures provided as user exits are typically compiler compiled into a static library and Linker computing linked directly with the package to produce an executable executable program . Another approach employs dynamic library dynamic libraries to accomplish the same thing. If the user site specific code is substituted for the software vendor provided default exit it must interface to the software package using the defined parameters as documented for the default exit. User exits are important because while they enable site specific customization they isolate such installation specific customization to defined and supported points enabling the site to upgrade to follow on releases of the software package without adverse impact to preexisting customized functionality. Some references to IBM user exit manuals are given below. Other vendors such as SAP, Oracle, HP, Macro4, Compuware, CA all employ user exits in some of their software products. Title z OS V1R10 DFSMS Installation Exits Document Number SC26 7396 11 Title z OS V1R10.0 JES2 Installation Exits Document Number SA22 7534 10 Title z OS V1R10.0 MVS Installation Exits Document Number SA22 7593 14 Applications Some applications that provide user exits This is intended to be a short illustrative list, not an exhaustive list IBM sort merge package ... more details
According to IFABC Global Web Standards, a unique user UU is An IP address plus a further identifier. The term unique visitor may be used instead of unique user but both terms have essentially the same meaning see below . Sites may use User agent User Agent , http cookie Cookie and or Registration ID. Note that where users are not allocated IP addresses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol dynamically for example by dial up Internet service provider s , this definition may overstate or understate the real number of individual users concerned. ref http www.grb.uk.com 263.0.html Jargon buster Graduate Recruitment Bureau Bot generated title ref Unique users is a common measurement of the popularity of a website , often quoted to potential advertisers or investors, and measured over a standard period of time, typically a month. However, Greg Harmon of Belden Research says may overstate is a gross understatement. Remember, it s just an identifier of a computer, not a person. And usually, the computer is identified by a cookie which is most often specific to an individual browser on that computer. Since an increasing percentage of people in the United States at least now have access to a computer at home and at work or school, one may have to divide the reported total of unique users in half ... of content to a number of distinct consumers. A common mistake in using Unique User numbers is not adding Unique User numbers across the same different dimensions. A Unique User metric is only ... the number of weekly Unique Users only that the Unique User count for the week is between 100 ... must be used at every step. Limitations of Unique User Numbers Unique User counts for websites are typically ... meaning as unique user and is simply an alternative title for the statistic. When cookies are used to track Unique Users, then br 1 Cookie Flushing will cause Unique User numbers to be inflated. br 2 Browsers set to not accept cookies will be ignored or an IP address and or User Agent String may ... more details
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