thumb upright 1.5 Example of iconoclasm in the 16th century during the Reformation. Relief statues ... of Lyon by the Calvinists , in 1562. Antoine Carot. Iconoclasm ref Literally, image breaking , from lang grc wikt and wikt . Iconoclasm may be also considered as a back formation from iconoclast from Greek . The corresponding Greek word for iconoclasm is ... Egypt . People who engage in or support iconoclasm are called iconoclasts , a term that has come to be applied ... context, they are known as iconodule s , or iconophiles . Iconoclasm may be carried out by people ... religion. In Christianity, iconoclasm has generally been motivated by people who adopt a literal .... The degree of iconoclasm among Christian sects has varied greatly. Major instances In Judaism , King ... act of iconoclasm to Abraham . Although not attested in the Biblical account of the Partriarch s life ... Church had a period of Byzantine iconoclasm during the late medieval years, in which some groups destroyed ... Island The .22statue toppling.22 toppled during the 18th century in the iconoclasm of civil wars ... http sthughofcluny.org 2011 02 hetzendorf and the iconoclasm in the second half of the 20th century.html ... www.rawa.org statues.htm ref Byzantine iconoclasm Main Byzantine Iconoclasm File Seventh ecumenical ... Convent , Moscow . In the Byzantine Empire , iconoclasm began with Emperor Leo III the Isaurian Leo ... and Italian provinces, strongly opposed iconoclasm. ref Mango, 2002. ref Within the Byzantine .... ref C Mango, Historical Introduction , in Bryer & Herrin, eds., Iconoclasm , pp. 2 3., 1977, Centre ... period 730 787 File Clasm Chludov detail 9th century.jpg thumb 250px Byzantine Iconoclasm , Chludov ... iconoclasm ref Sometime between 726 and 730, the Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian began ... in 730 and formally condemned iconoclasm as heretical and excommunicated its promoters. The papal letter ... Irene . She decided that an ecumenical council needed to be held to address the issue of iconoclasm ... more details
other uses Iconoclasm Image Irenekirken.jpg thumb 250px A simple cross example of iconoclast art in the Hagia Irene Church in Istanbul. File Clasm Chludov detail 9th century.jpg thumb 250px Byzantine Iconoclasm ... iconoclasm.JPG Byzantine iconoclasm ref The Byzantine Iconoclasm lang el lang grc , Eikonomach a ... Iconoclasm , as it is sometimes called, lasted between about 730 and 787. The Second Iconoclasm was between 814 and 842. According to the traditional view, Byzantine Iconoclasm constituted a ban on religious ... Iconoclasm by the scholars John Haldon and Leslie Brubaker , culminating in their 2011 publication .... Iconoclasm , Greek for image breaking , is the deliberate destruction within a culture ... or political motives. People who engage in or support iconoclasm are called iconoclasts , a term ... struggle . Iconoclasm has generally been motivated theologically by an Old Covenant interpretation ... Biblical law in Christianity . The two periods of iconoclasm in the Byzantine Empire during the 8th ... of the seventh century for the Byzantine Empire. Traditional explanations for Byzantine iconoclasm ... arguments have been put forward, such as that iconoclasm created political and economic divisions ... and Italian provinces strongly opposed Iconoclasm. ref Mango, 2002 ref In recent decades in Greece , Iconoclasm has become a favorite topic of progressive and Marxist historians and social scientists ... Byzantine Iconoclasm may be seen as the efforts of the organised Church and the imperial authorities ... to link Byzantine Iconoclasm directly to Islam by arguing that Byzantine emperors saw the success ... increasing in the years leading up to the outbreak of iconoclasm. One notable change came in 695, when ... one empire seeking to imitate the other. More striking is the fact that Islamic iconoclasm rejected ... question and debate, Islamic iconoclasm does not seem to have had a direct causal role ... of the beginning of Byzantine Iconoclasm relates that sometime between 726 and 730 the Byzantine ... more details
Refimprove date November 2009 An iconodule Greek eikono doulos One who serves images also iconodulist or iconophile is someone who espouses iconodulism , i.e. who supports or is in favor of religious images or icons and their veneration , and is in opposition to an Iconoclasm iconoclast , someone against the use of religious images. The term is usually used in relation to the iconoclastic controversy in the Byzantine Empire the most famous iconodules of that time being the Saints Theodore the Studite and John of Damascus . The controversy was instigated by Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian Leo III in 726, when he ordered the destruction of icons throughout the empire. St. John of Damascus argued successfully that to prohibit the use of icons was tantamount to denying the incarnation Christianity incarnation , the presence of the Word of God in the material world. Icons reminded the church of the physicality of God as manifested in Jesus Christ . Veneration of icons was restored by the Second Council of Nicaea Seventh Ecumenical Council in 787. However this was met with opposition, in particular of Charlemagne . The last outburst of iconoclasm in the Byzantine Empire was overcome in 843, in an event celebrated as the Feast of Orthodoxy . Controversy main Byzantine iconoclasm The role of Leo III has been disputed by recent scholarship. References citebook title The Graeco Roman and oriental background of the iconoclastic controversy volume 5 first Leslie William last Barnard publisher BRILL year 1974 ISBN 9004039449 See also Byzantine iconoclasm Iconoclasm Iconography Idolatry Iconolatry Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category Christian terms Orthodoxy stub cs Ikonodulie de Bilderverehrung es Iconodulia eo Idolanismo fr Iconodulie it Iconodulia nl Iconenverering sl Ikonodulstvo sh Ikonodulstvo ... more details
other people2 Zografos disambiguation Saint Lazarus Zographos died 867 was a monk and Painting painter from Constantinople who opposed the iconoclasm The second iconoclastic period 814 842 iconoclasm during the reign of Theophilus emperor Theophilus . His Calendar of saints feast day is 23 February. External links http www.catholic forum.com saints saintl1b.htm Lazarus at Patron Saints Index http www.saintpatrickdc.org ss 0223.shtml laza 23 February Saints at SaintPatrickDC.org Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Zographos, Lazarus ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Byzantine saint DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 867 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Zographos, Lazarus Category Year of birth missing Category 867 deaths Category 9th century Byzantine people Category 9th century Christian saints Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category Byzantine painters Byzantine bio stub saint stub bg ca Ll tzer el Pintor it Lazzaro di Costantinopoli ru tr Lazarus Zografos ... more details
The Council of Constantinople of 815 was held in the Byzantine capital, in the Hagia Sophia , and initiated the second period of the Byzantine Iconoclasm . Shortly before it convened, the iconophile Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople Nikephoros I was deposed by Emperor Leo V the Armenian in favour of the iconoclast Theodotos I of Constantinople Theodotos I . Theodotos presided over the council, which reinstated iconoclasm, repudiating the Second Council of Nicaea and reaffirming the decisions of the Council of Hieria of 754. Although the meeting had been convened at the behest of the iconoclast Emperor, much of the Iconoclast effort was driven by other clerics, including the later patriarchs Antony I and John VII. In the aftermath of this synod Theodotos is represented as torturing by starvation more than one iconodule abbot in an attempt to force them into agreement with his ecclesiastical policy. Sources citation editor first Alexander editor last Kazhdan title Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium publisher Oxford University Press year 1991 isbn 978 0 19 504652 6 pages 513 514 DEFAULTSORT Council of Constantinople 815 Category 9th century Christian church councils Constantinople 815 Category Eastern Orthodox Church councils Constantinople 815 Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category Church councils in Constantinople 815 pt Conc lio de Constantinopla 815 ... more details
Antony I Kassymatas, lang el , Ant nios I Kassymatas , Patriarch of Constantinople from January 821 to January 837. Life Antony was of undistinguished background but received a good education, becoming a lawyer in Constantinople in c. 800. He later became a monk and advanced to the position of abbot. By 814 he had become the bishop of Syllaion in Anatolia . Although Antony was an Iconodule , he became an iconoclasm Iconoclast in 815, when Emperor Leo V the Armenian Leo V reinstituted Iconoclasm. The reason for Antony s change of heart is said to have included his hope for attaining the patriarchate. The emperor appointed him a member of the committee headed by the future Patriarch Patriarch John VII of Constantinople John Grammatikos to find patristic support for Iconoclasm. In 821 the new Emperor Michael II appointed Antony patriarch, disappointing the Stoudios Stoudites , who were hoping that icons would be restored. When the patriarch of Antioch crowned Thomas the Slav rival emperor, Antony had him excommunicated in 822. The iconodule historians record that Antony was stricken with a wasting disease as divine punishment for his participation in Iconoclast councils. The patriarch died early in 837 and was later anathema tized in the Orthodox synodika . See also Eastern Orthodoxy S start succession box before Patriarch Theodotus I of Constantinople Theodotos I title Patriarch of Constantinople years 821&ndash 837 after Patriarch John VII of Constantinople John VII S end References The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium , Oxford University Press, 1991. Persondata name Antony I of Constantinople alternative names short description date of birth place of birth date of death 837 place of death DEFAULTSORT Antony 01 Of Constantinople Category 837 deaths Category Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople Category 9th century archbishops Category 9th century Byzantine people cs Antonios I. patriarcha el fr Antoine Ier de Con ... more details
St Theodore Russian language Russian lang ru died 820 was a hieromonk of the Orthodox Church known as a strong opponent of Byzantine Iconoclasm . Theodore was born in Constantinople to a family with strong connections to the Orthodox Church . Ordained in 787, in 794 he became abbot of the Symboleon monastery in Bithynia , and later escaped from Saracen raids to Constantinople where he became an abbot again. He clashed with successive List of Byzantine Emperors emperors Constantine VI , Nicephorus I , Leo V the Armenian , and Michael II Michael II the Stammerer on the issue of Byzantine Iconoclasm iconoclasm then for the second time in ascendancy in the Empire but strongly opposed by St Theodore . For this he suffered imprisonment and exile he is the author of many works in which he defends Orthodoxy. He died in exile in Bithynia in the Akrita Monastery which he had founded. His feast days are 11 November Catholic Church and 27 December Orthodox Church , Sources Catholic Online http www.catholic.org saints saint.php?saint id 736 http www.pravoslavie.uz Jitiya 12 27FeodorNachertanniy.htm Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Theodore ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 820 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Theodore Category 8th century births Category 820 deaths Category 9th century Byzantine people Category 9th century Christian saints Category Eastern Orthodox saints Category Constantinopolitans Byzantine bio stub saint stub ... more details
For the archbishop of the same name, see Andrew of Crete . Saint Andrew of Crete is a martyr of the Christian Church . A fervent iconophile , he was killed at the orders of Emperor Constantine V in 766 or 767, during the Byzantine Iconoclasm . His feast day is October 20. The monastery of St Andrew in Krisei, currently the Koca Mustafa Pasha Mosque in Constantinople Istanbul , was dedicated to him. Citation needed date October 2010 References Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints . 3rd edition. New York Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0 140 51312 4. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Crete, Andrew Of ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Byzantine iconophile martyr DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 766 767 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Crete, Andrew Of Category Year of birth missing Category 760s deaths Category Christian martyrs of the Middle Ages Category 8th century Christian saints Category 8th century Christian martyrs Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category 8th century Byzantine people Category Byzantine saints Byzantine bio stub saint stub de Andreas von Kreta M rtyrer fr Andr de Cr te martyr ru ... more details
John of Constantinople died 839 was abbot of Cathares Monastery , in Constantinople . He clashed with Emperor Leo the Armenian , who was instituting a policy of iconoclasm . John survived torture. He is a Catholic ref http www.saintpatrickdc.org ss 0427.shtml Saint of the Day, April 27 at SaintPatrickDC.org . Retrieved 2012 03 03. ref and Orthodox ref http www.orthodoxengland.org.uk johns.htm Orthodox Holiness Around the Church Year With St John ref saint, celebrated on April 18 or April 27 Eastern Orthodox liturgics April 27 ref http www.pomog.org index.html?http www.pomog.org saintlist.shtml POMOG Protection of the Mother of God Church, Rochester NY ref ref gr icon http www.synaxarion.gr gr sid 2796 sxsaintinfo.aspx . 27 . . ref Notes Reflist Persondata name John of Constantinople alternative names short description date of birth place of birth date of death 813 place of death Category 813 deaths Category 9th century Christian saints Category 9th century Byzantine people Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category Eastern Orthodox saints Byzantine bio stub es Juan de Afusia sr sh Jovan Ispovednik ... more details
Saint Nicetas the Confessor , ref In the Orthodox Church, a Confessor is one who has suffered for the faith, but not endured martyrdom. ref commemorated on 28 May , was the bishop of Chalcedon in Bithynia . References to St. Nicetas have been found in old manuscripts originating from the Greek Orthodox Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem Patriarchate of Jerusalem , and in menaion menaia from the Orthodox Patriarchates of Patriarch of Serbia Serbia and Patriarch of Russia Russia . A church, first constructed in 18th century, was dedicated to him on the Greek island of Lefkas . According his Canon hymnography Canon , written by the Constantinopolitan Hieromonk , Saint Joseph the Hymnographer , ref http www.anastasis.org.uk jo hym.htm www.anastasis.org.uk ref Saint Nicetas life could be described as ascetic, God pleasing, and full of charity. He courageously opposed the Iconoclasm iconoclastic heresy, and was exiled as a result. According the Russian and Serbian Synaxarion Synaxars he suffered at the beginning of 9th century, during the reign of Leo V the Armenian in Byzantium. ref For more details see Perdikaris A.G. Nicetas the confessor, bishop of Chalcedon in Domus Byzantinus , vol.14, p.131 9 2004 5 ref References Reflist External links http www.westsrbdio.org prolog my.html?month May&day 28&Go.x 13&Go.y 6 Saint Nicetas Prologue from Ochrid DEFAULTSORT Nicetas Of Chalcedon Category 9th century Christian saints Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category Byzantine saints Category Eastern Orthodox monks Category Eastern Orthodox saints Category Saints from Anatolia Category Wonderworkers ka mk sr ... more details
the character of the feast. Originally commemorating only the defeat of Iconoclasm , the commemoration ..., one of a very few icons to survive Iconoclasm Encaustic tile encaustic on panel. Saint Catherine ... Nestorians , Monophysites , Monothelites , Iconoclasm Iconoclasts , and so on. Then comes ... Iconoclasm was the last of the great christology Christological controversies to trouble the Church ... Eastern Orthodox liturgical days Category Eastern Christian liturgy Category Byzantine Iconoclasm ... more details
Barakhel or Barakel blessed by El was a king of Ammon nation Ammon in the 670s BCE. He is known from a small 15.9x16.9 mm black clay Bulla seal bulla bearing his seal device seal impression. A groove and several dots around the impression demonstrate that the seal likely took the form of a metal finger ring ring . Fingerprints found around the edge of the bulla may belong to Barakel himself. His name, which invokes the name of El god the god El as do the names of his fellow Ammonite kings Pado el and Barakel suggests that El was worshipped in Ammon alongside Milcom and other deities. Interestingly, the seal is aniconic , unusual for a device of its type., some scholars have speculated that this may be due to the influence of Israelite iconoclasm though others dispute this, maintaining that an image may well have appeared on the reverse of the seal and or that rejection of images is not entirely evident from contemporary excavations in Israel itself. Resources http v2.archaeological center.com articles 8.shtml Website about the Barakel bulla DEFAULTSORT Barakel Category Ammon MEast royal stub ... more details
Ayodhya The Case Against the Temple is a book by Koenraad Elst that was published in 2002 by Voice of India . Elst has written several books on the Ayodhya debate and on the Ram Janmabhoomi controversy. Koenraad Elst reiterates his view that the Babri Mosque was built on an ancient Hindu temple, the Ram Janmabhoomi . The thrust of his argument is that Future historians will include the no temple argument of the 1990s as a remarkable case study in their surveys of academic fraud and politicized scholarship. Elst also writes in detail about claims that certain Hindu rulers, including Pusyamitra Sunga , were iconoclasm iconoclast s evidence to that effect had been previously presented by Romila Thapar , Richard Eaton and others. Other books by Elst about the debate include Ayodhya and After Issues Before Hindu Society and Ayodhya, The Finale . External links http koenraadelst.voiceofdharma.com books acat index.htm Online version Koenraad Elst Category 2002 books Category Books by Koenraad Elst Category History books about Hinduism Category Political books Category Ayodhya hist book stub India stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 March 11 Eastern Orthodox liturgics March 11 Eastern Orthodox Church calendar March 13 Eastern Orthodox liturgics March 13 2006 Sunday of the Feast of Orthodoxy Triumph of Orthodoxy commemoration of the restoration of icon s after the defeat of the iconoclasm iconoclast heresy in 843 1st Sunday of Great Lent Fixed commemorations All commemorations below are observed on March 25 by Old Calendarists Saints Venerable Theophanes the Confessor Theophanes of Sigriane the Confessor Saint Gregory Dialogus , Pope of Rome 604 Venerable Simeon the New Theologian 1021 Righteous Phinehas, son of Eleazar Phineas , grandson of Aaron 1500 BC Holy Abba Cyrus Other commemorations Repose of schema monk Anthony the gorge dweller of Zelenchug Monastery in Kuban 1908 DEFAULTSORT March 12 Eastern Orthodox Liturgics Category Eastern Orthodox liturgical days ... more details
A charisticary is a person to whom is given the enjoyment of the revenues of a monastery, hospital, or benefice, also known as a comendatory or donatory . The charisticaries among the Ancient Greeks were a kind of donatories who enjoyed all the revenues of hospitals and monasteries, without giving an account thereof to any person. iconoclasm Iconoclast s who have abused this in the past include Constantine Copronymus , the avowed enemy of the monks, whose monasteries he gave away to strangers. In later times, the emperors and patriarchs gave many to upper class people, not by way of gift, to reap any temporal advantage from but to repair, beautify, and patronize them. Eventually, those in good condition were given, especially such as were rich and at last they were all given away, rich and poor, those of men and of women and that to laymen and married men. Jean Baptiste Cotelier , in his Ecclesiae Graecae Monumenta , gives the form of these donations they were given for life, or sometimes for two lives. 1728 Category Ancient Greek society Category Giving ... more details
subject of hagiographic sources reflecting the second period of Iconoclasm. John was also charged with tutoring ... by Theophilos widow Theodora his own relative as a preliminary towards the ending of Iconoclasm in 843 ... more details
Tradition teaches that Saint Phosterius the Hermit dwelt on a high mountain most likely in the wilderness of modern day Turkey . He is said to have been fed by an angel which serves as a testament to his holiness. Phosterius gained renown amongst his contemporaries during the Iconoclastic Controversy in the seventh century. Due to the testimony to the truth of the Christian faith given by the witness of his holy life many people left the heresy of Iconoclasm . Saint Phosterius is commemorated 5 January in the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches. See also Portal Saints Christian monasticism Stylites References http ocafs.oca.org FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID 4&ID 1&FSID 100102 Orthodox Church in America Category Byzantine hermits Category Eastern Orthodox saints Category Eastern Catholic saints Category 7th century Christian saints Category 7th century Byzantine people sr ... more details
coord 40 58 22.7 N 29 2 36.7 E The Byzantine Iconoclasm iconoclast Council of Hieria was a Christianity Christian council which viewed itself as ecumenical councils ecumenical , but was later rejected by the Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholic Churches. It was summoned by the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Constantine V in 754 in the palace of Hieria opposite Constantinople . The council supported the iconoclasm iconoclast position of the emperors of this period. 338 bishops attended. No patriarchs or representatives of the five patriarchs were present Constantinople was vacant while Antioch, Jerusalem and Alexandria were controlled by Saracens. It styled itself as the Seventh Ecumenical Council , though its opponents described it as the Mock Synod of Constantinople or the Headless Council . Its rulings were overturned almost entirely by the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 , which supported the veneration of icons . Legitimacy of the Council After the later triumph of the Iconodule s, this council became known as a Latrocinium robber council , i.e. as Biblical canon uncanonical . Edward J. Martin writes, ref name martin1 Edward J. Martin, A History of the Iconoclastic Controversy , p.46 ref On the ecumenical character of the Council there are graver doubts. Its president was Theodosius, archbishop of Ephesus, son of the Emperor Apsimar. He was supported by Sisinnius, bishop of Perga, also known as Pastillas, and by Basil of Antioch in Pisidia, styled Tricaccabus. Not a single Patriarch was present. The see of Constantinople was vacant. Whether the Pope and the Patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were invited or not is unknown. They were not present either in person or by deputy. The Council of Nicaea II considered this was a serious flaw in the legitimacy of the Council. It had not the co operation of the Roman ... Category 754 Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category Church councils in Constantinople Hieria Link ... more details
Stephen II died 799 was the duke of Naples during an important transitionary period in its history, from 755 to his death. He was styled as eminentissimus consul and was the leader of the local aristocracy when he was appointed by the patrikios patrician of Sicily . By the end of his reign, through a rupture with the Byzantine Empire, Naples was practically independent. After his abdication, Naples experienced a period of crisis until the election of Sergius I of Naples Sergius I in 840. At the beginning of his reign, Naples was still a loyal dukedom of the Byzantines, her dukes appointed by the emperor. In 761, therefore, she denied entry to the papal envoy, the Paul I, Bishop of Naples Bishop Paul , an opponent of the iconoclasm then gripping the Byzantine world. Stephen was no less a supporter of the iconoclasm than the emperor himself. At that time, Stephen addressed Antiochos, the patrician of Sicily and his technical overlord, as our lord and most excellent patrikios and strategos Byzantine use protostrategos 763 . By 764, however, Naples had thrown off iconoclasm and Paul was able to take up his see. After twelve years of peaceful government, during which he gained much popularity with the people, a plague hit the city of Naples and decimated the citizenry and the clergy, including the bishop himself. The people acclaimed Stephen as bishop. He immediately sought out the pope in Rome and was consecrated. Though he ceased to be duke, he continued to act as bishop for thirty three years and he transferred the duchy to his son Gregory II of Naples Gregory . He had two other sons, named Caesar, who died in the flower of youth, and Theophylactus. Sources Gay, Jules. L Italie m ridionale et l empire Byzantin Livre I . Burt Franklin New York, 1904. Chalandon, Ferdinand. Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicilie . Paris, 1907. s start s bef before Gregory I of Naples Gregory I s ttl title Duke of Naples years 755 766 s aft after Gregory II of Naples G ... more details
multiple image align right direction horizontal header header align left right center footer Remains of Reformation iconoclasm in La Rochelle, under the Ministry of Pierre Richier, in 1562. Clocher Saint Barth l my left , Eglise Saint Sauveur right , La Rochelle. footer align left image1 Iconoclasm Clocher Saint Barthelemy south side La Rochelle.jpg width1 200 caption1 image2 Iconoclasm Eglise Saint Sauveur.jpg width2 117 caption2 Pierre Richier , also Pierre Richer , dit de Lisle , circa 1506 1580 was a French Calvinist theologian, who accompanied Philippe de Corguilleray on a French expedition to Brazil in 1556, to reinforce the colony of France Antarctique . He was a member of a contingent of 14 Calvinist people dispatched from Geneva . ref name L ry http books.google.com books?id F8qqKoCSWVkC&pg PA5 History of a voyage to the land of Brazil, otherwise called America by Jean de L ry, p.53 ff ref He later became the main actor in developing La Rochelle as a Huguenot capital. Pierre Richer was initially ordained as a Carmelite and was from the congregation of Albi . He was a member of a Paris convent, when he fled the Order for Geneva in 1556. Pierre Richier accompanied Philippe de Corguilleray to Brazil in 1556 at the request of the French soldier and explorer Villegagnon . After the failure of the expedition, Pierre Richier returned in 1558 to the city of La Rochelle , where his preaching became very influential. ref name Kamil 133 http books.google.com books?id ekSkZXXjVWUC&pg RA1 PA133 Fortress of the soul by Neil Kamil p.133 ref Pierre de Richier became Ministre de l glise de la Rochelle Minister of the Church of La Rochelle , also Ministre de la parole de Dieu or Minister of the Word of God , and was able to grow considerably the Huguenot presence in La Rochelle, from a small base of about 50 souls who had been secretely educated to Lutheranism by Charles de Clermont the previous year. La Rochelle, together with a few other cities such as Sancerre , became t ... more details
with the Byzantine iconoclasm see below . Religious sculpture, especially if large and free ... after the episode of Iconoclasm. God the Father The depiction of God the Father in Western art God ... iconoclasm Main Byzantine iconoclasm There were two periods of iconoclasm, or icon destruction, in the Byzantine ... Iconoclasm was so emphatic that the issue has never arisen again in Orthodoxy. Reformation and Counter ... of art, there were outbreaks of violent iconoclasm such as the Beeldenstorm in the Low Countries .... Notes Reflist See also Iconoclasm Censorship , Censorship by organized religion References General ... more details
I of Constantinople . In his internal policy, Michael II supported iconoclasm , but tacitly ... to abandon iconoclasm. One of the few victims of the Emperor s policy was the future patriarch Patriarch ... II died on October 2, 829. Because of his Judeo Christian origin and iconoclasm, Michael II was not popular ... 770 births Category 829 deaths Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category 9th century Byzantine emperors ... more details
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