Merge Microsatellite genetics date September 2010 A short tandem repeat STR in DNA occurs in non coding region when a pattern of two or more nucleotide s are repeated and the repeated sequences are directly adjacent to each other. The pattern can range in length from 2 to 5 base pair s bp for example CATG sub n sub in a genome genomic region and is typically in the non coding intron region. A short tandem repeat polymorphism STRP occurs when homologous STR loci differ in the number of repeats between individuals. By identifying repeats of a specific sequence at specific locations in the genome, it is possible to create a genetic profile of an individual. There are currently over 10,000 Citation needed date June 2011 published STR sequences in the human genome. STR analysis has become the prevalent analysis method for determining Genetic fingerprinting genetic profiles in forensic cases. Forensic analysis Image Str profile.jpg thumb right 400px A partial human STR profile obtained using the Applied Biosystems Identifiler kit. STR analysis is a relatively new technology in the field of forensics , having come into popularity in the mid to late 1990s. It is used for the genetic fingerprinting of individuals. The STRs in use today for forensic analysis are all tetra or penta nucleotide repeats 4 or 5 repeated nucleotides , as these give a high degree of error free data while being robust enough to survive degradation in non ideal conditions. Shorter repeat sequences tend to suffer from artifacts such as PCR stutter and preferential amplification, as well as the fact that several genetic diseases are associated with tri nucleotide repeats such as Huntington s disease . Longer repeat sequences will suffer more highly from environmental degradation and do not amplify by polymerase chain reaction PCR as well as shorter sequences. ref name interpol cite web title DNA Profiling author Angel Carracedo url http www.interpol.int public Forensic dna conference DNAProfiling01.asp ... more details
Infobox haplogroup name T map Distribution Haplogroup T Y DNA II.svg origin date 19,000 34,000 years BP ref name Mendez2011 origin place West Asia ref Underhill PA, et al. 2001 , http hpgl.stanford.edu publications HM 2001 v17 p271.pdf Maori origins, Y chromosome haplotypes and implications for human history in the Pacific. , Hum Mutat. 2001 Apr 17 4 271 80. ref ref Mendez, et al. 2011 , http digitalcommons.wayne.edu humbiol vol83 iss1 3 ref ancestor Haplogroup LT Y DNA LT descendants T1, T mutations L206, M184 Page34 USP9Y 3178, M193, M272, Page129 members Kurru , Bauris , Chios Chians , Somalis , Somali people Arabs from Somalia Sciacca Saccensi Sicily Demographics Sicilians , Fula people Fulbe , Ibiza Eivissencs , Tr s os Montes e Alto Douro Province Northeastern Portuguese Jews , Rajus , Mahli tribe Mahli , Zoroastrian s in Kerman , Bakhtiari people Bakhtiaris , Egyptians Southern Egyptians In human genetics , Haplogroup T is a Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroups human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup . From 2002 to 2008, it was known as Haplogroup K2 . It should not be confused with the Haplogroup T mtDNA mitochondrial DNA haplogroup T , of the same name. The Unique event polymorphism UEP which defines this clade is generally considered to be the single nucleotide polymorphism SNP , M70. Other SNPs, M184, M193, M272, are currently considered to be phylogenetically equivalent. Origins Quotation K2 M70 is believed to have originated in Asia after the emergence of the K M9 polymorphism 45 30 ky Underhill et al. 2001 a . As deduced from the collective data Underhill et al. 2000 Cruciani et al. 2002 Semino et al. 2002 present study , K2 M70 individuals, at some later point, proceeded south to Africa. While these chromosomes are seen in relatively high frequencies in Egypt, Oman, Tanzania, Ethiopia, they are especially prominent in the Fula people Fulbe 18 Scozzari et al. 1997, 1999 J. R. Luis et al. http hpgl.stanford.edu publications AJHG 2004 v74 p000 0130.pdf The Levan ... more details
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