about the economic concept the historical role of technology in creating the modern economy Productivity improving technologies historical biological productivityProductivity ecology productivity in linguistics Productivity linguistics Productivity is a measure of the efficiency of production economics production . Productivity is a ratio of production output to what is required to produce it inputs . The measure of productivity is defined as a total output per one unit of a total input. These definitions are short but too general and insufficient to make the phenomenon productivity understandable. A more detailed theory of productivity is needed, which explains the phenomenon productivity and makes it comprehensible. Furthermore is needed operationalization of the concept productivity that makes .... Hence, productivity cannot be examined as a phenomenon independently but it is necessary to identify ... that productivity is a critical factor of production process in one way or another. To define the way is the object of this article. Economics sidebar The benefits of high productivity are manifold. At the national level, productivity growth raises living standards because more real income improves ... to social and environmental programs. Productivity growth is important to the firm because ... source of economic well being and therefore the primus motor of the economy. Productivity is in this economic ... process income distribution process production process monetary process market value process Productivity is created in the real process, productivity gains are distributed in the income distribution ... proportionally it means productivity. Income distribution process of the production refers to a series .... Productivity gains are distributed, for example, to customers as lower product ... of productivity, measurement of productivity, distribution of productivity gains, and how to measure ... that the measurement of productivity shall be developed so that it will indicate increases ... more details
The Imaginary may refer to The Imaginary Sartre The Imaginary Sartre 1940 , by Jean Paul Sartre The Imaginary short story The Imaginary short story 1942 , by Isaac Asimov The Imaginary psychoanalysis , contrasted with The Real and The Symbolic by Jacques Lacan See also Imaginary disambiguation disambig ... more details
wiktionary imaginaryImaginary can refer to Imaginary sociology , a concept in sociology The Imaginary psychoanalysis , a concept by Jacques Lacan Imaginary number , a concept in mathematics Imaginary time , a concept in physics Imagination , a mental faculty Object of the mind , an object of the imagination Imaginary friend Imaginary Records , a record label The arts Imaginary song Imaginary song , a song by Evanescence The Imaginary Sartre The Imaginary Sartre , a philosophical work by Jean Paul Sartre Imaginary exhibition , a mathematical art exhibition by the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach See also The Imaginary disambiguation Imagination disambiguation Imagine disambiguation disambig sv Imagin r ... more details
wiktionarypar productivityProductivity , in economics, is the amount of output created produced per unit input used. Productivity may also refer to Productivity linguistics , the degree to which a grammatical process can be extended to new cases Primary production , in ecology is a measure of the amount of energy incorporated into a biological system disambig ca Productivitat de Produktivit t es Productividad fa fr Productivit zh ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Productivity World is a term used by William Easterly to describe that relative productivity among Factors of production is the same in the sectors across countries, but rich countries have absolute productivity advantage. It is used as the opposite of Factor world which claims Factors of production movement based on free movement of those factors which in theory would reduce inequality between nations. DEFAULTSORT Productivity World Category Production economics Econ stub ... more details
With the term productivity software is usually intended a category of software application applications dedicated to help accomplishing specific jobs such as document s, presentation s, spreadsheet s, database s, chart s and graph s, create digital paintings, electronic music, make digital movies, etcetera. Usually the most common productivity applications are, in order of importance word processing programs, that are used to create digital or printed text documents, immediately followed by spreadsheet applications that can be used to create charts of complex iterative calculations, and databases that are used to manage large amount of any kind of data. Citation needed date January 2012 Productivity software could run on a computer directly for example Commodore Plus 4 model of computer contained in Read only memory ROM four applications of productivity software or the software could run hosted into an operating system . The existence of productivity software is one of the reasons why people use computer s. Productivity software help the professional or common user to enhance and complete their anyday job. There is no computer or operating system that lacks of some sort of productivity software of any kind. Productivity software programs are usually offered bundled in productivity suite s which allow interaction among the individual suite componets in a superior fashion than the operating system alone allows. External links http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0,2542,t productivity software&i 49780,00.asp Definition of productivity software at PC Magazine Digital pcmag.com Category Personal information managers Category Business software ... more details
unreferenced date December 2011 Measurement of partial productivity refers to the measurement solutions which do not meet the requirements of total productivity measurement, yet, being practicable as indicators of total productivity. In practice, measurement in production means measures of partial productivity. In that case, the objects of measurement are components of total productivity, and interpreted correctly, these components are indicative of productivity development. The term of partial productivity illustrates well the fact that total productivity is only measured partially or approximately. In a way, measurements are defective but, by understanding the logic of total productivity, it is possible to interpret correctly the results of partial productivity and to benefit from them in practical situations. Image Basic measure types.png thumb 300px Comparison of basic measure types Saari 2006 Typical solutions of partial productivity are Single factor productivity Value added productivity Unit cost accounting Efficiency ratio s Managerial control ratio system Single factor productivity refers to the measurement of productivity that is a ratio of output and one input factor. A most well known measure of single factor productivity is the measure of output per work input, describing work productivity . Sometimes it is practical to employ the value added as output. Productivity measured in this way is called Value added productivity. Also, productivity can be examined in cost accounting using Unit costs. Then it is mostly a question of exploiting data from standard cost accounting for productivity measurements. Efficiency ratios, which tell something about the ratio between the value produced and the sacrifices made for it, are available in large numbers. Managerial control ratio systems are composed of single measures which are interpreted in parallel with other measures ... whole using simple rules, hence, creating a key figure system. The measures of partial productivity ... more details
Productivity in economics is the ratio of what is produced to what is required to produce. Productivity is the measure on production economics production efficiency. Productivity model is a measurement method which is used in practice for measuring productivity. Productivity model must be able to solve the formula Output Input when there are many different outputs and inputs. Comparison of the productivity models The principle of comparing productivity models is to identify the characteristics that are present ... comparison, it is possible to identify the models that are suited for measuring productivity ... 500px Dimensions of productivity model comparisons Saari 2006b The principle of model comparison becomes ... understanding prevails of the phenomenon of productivity and of how it should be modelled and measured ... accuracy. It has been possible to develop the productivity model of business so as to be more ... productivity. Comparing the models systematically has proved most problematic. In terms of pure ... of comparison is possible using the productivity model which is a model with adjustable characteristics ... differences and similarities are identifiable. A characteristic of the productivity measurement ... can describe the production function, it is applicable to total productivity measurements. On the other ... is not suitable for its task. The productivity models based on the production function form rather a coherent ... role, and the solutions that are optional can be recommended for good reasons. Productivity measurement ... is fulfilled in case the model has the production function variables of productivity and volume. Only ... used in the productivity model suggested for measuring business, such models can be grouped into three categories as follows Productivity index models PPPV models PPPR models In 1955, Davis published a book titled Productivity Accounting in which he presented a productivity index model. Based ... in the index model is productivity, which implies that the model can not be used for describing the production ... more details
productivity because it was originally studied only with respect to the work of laborers as opposed ... of output to a volume measure of input . ref OECD Manual Measuring Productivity Measurement of Aggregate and Industry Level Productivity Growth . 2002 ref Volume measures of output are normally gross ... in employment. Measurement Workforce productivity can be measured in 2 ways, in physical terms ... effects of some forms of labour on other forms of labour. These aspects of productivity refer to the qualitative ... can assume it s due to greater labour productivity, since the output per labour effort may be the same ... consists of services. Management may be very preoccupied with the productivity of employees, but the productivity ... comparisons of labour productivity can be limited by a number of measurement issues. The comparability ... prod4.pdf International comparisons of manufacturing productivity and unit labor costs trends . Bureau ... Board ref In addition, for level comparisons of labor productivity, output needs to be converted ... To facilitate international comparisons of labor productivity, a number of organizations, such as the OECD ... labor comparisons International Labor Comparisons Program , and The Conference Board, prepare productivity specifically to enhance the data s international comparability. Factors affecting labour productivity ... The factors affecting labour productivity or the performance of individual work roles are of broadly ... of computers has been noted as a significant factor in increasing labor productivity in the late ... have existed for most of the 20th century, some economic researchers have noted a lag in productivity ... more details
Multifactor productivity MFP measures the changes in output per unit of combined inputs. In the United States, Indices of MFP are produced for the private business, private nonfarm business, and manufacturing sectors of the economy. MFP is also developed for 2 and 3 digit Standard Industrial Classification SIC through 1987, and NAICS North Atlantic Industrial Classification System through 2005 for manufacturing industries, the railroad transportation industry, the air transportation industry, and the utility and gas industry. Multifactor productivity measures reflect output per unit of some combined set of inputs. A change in multifactor productivity reflects the change in output that cannot be accounted for by the change in combined inputs. As a result, multifactor productivity measures reflect the joint effects of many factors including new technologies, economies of scale, managerial skill, and changes in the organization of production. Whereas labor productivity measures the output per unit of labor input, multifactor productivity looks at a combination of production inputs or factors labor, materials, and capital. In theory, it s a more comprehensive measure than labor productivity, but it s also more difficult to calculate. 1 math textrm Labor Productivity output per hour textrm Output over textrm Labor Inputs math 2 math textrm Multifactor Productivity textrm Output over KLEMS math Multi factor productivity is the same as total factor productivity , a certain type of Solow residual . math MFP d ln f over dt d ln Y over dt s L cdot d ln L over dt s K cdot d ln K over dt math where math f math is the global production function math Y math is output math t math is time math s L math is the share of input costs attributable to labor expenses math s K math is the share of input costs attributable to capital expenses math L math is a dollar quantity of labor math K math is a dollar quantity of capital math M math is a dollar quantity of materials math S math is a dollar ... more details
Programming productivity refers to a variety of software development issues and methodologies affecting the quantity and quality of code produced by an individual or team. Key topics in productivity discussions have included Amount of code that can be created or maintained per programmer often measured in source lines of code per day Detecting and avoiding errors through techniques like six sigma management, zero defects coding, and Total Quality Management Software cost estimation cost being a direct consequence of productivity The relative importance of programming productivity has waxed and waned along with other industry factors, such as The relative costs of manpower versus machine a substantially less expensive global workforce is available via the Internet examples http www.wired.com wired archive 12.02 india.html?pg 7 http www.wired.com wired archive 12.02 india.html The size and complexity ... problems Development of new technologies and methods intended to address productivity issues Quality management techniques and standards apathy may be a factor productivity needs to be a goal A generally accepted working definition of programmer productivity needs to be established and agreed upon. Appropriate metrics need to established. Productivity needs to be viewed over the lifetime of code ... aspects of programmer productivity It is unfair to measure programmer productivity without factoring ... literature exists dealing with such issues as software productivity measurement, defect avoidance ..., as software productivity directly affected large military procurements. In those days, large development ... like Microsoft and IBM . As a result, although programming productivity is still considered important ... , rather than as a distinct discipline. A need for greater programmer productivity was the impetus ... G. Reinertsen, Wiley, 1997. ISBN 978 0471292524 Programming Productivity , Capers Jones , Mcgraw Hill ... productivity by 20 to 50 percent. If you re a computer programmer, it should be obvious that having ... more details
The productivity paradox was analyzed and popularized in a widely cited article ref name Brynjolfsson1993 cite journal last Brynjolfsson first Erik year 1993 title The productivity paradox of information ... advances in computer power and the relatively slow growth of productivity at the level of the whole ... age everywhere but in the productivity statistics. ref Robert Solow, We d better watch out , New York ... 0 471 78712 4 ref It was widely believed that office automation was boosting labor productivity or total factor productivity . However, the growth accounting growth accounts didn t seem to confirm ... resources as input by calculating growth in total factor productivity, AKA the Solow residual . The productivity ... the debate zone has the us passed peak productivity growth The Debate Zone Has the US passed peak productivity growth? ref Explanations Cleanup section date March 2010 Different authors have ... the paradox requires an understanding of the concept of productivity. Pinsonneault et al. 1998 ... of managerial work and the context in which it is deployed is required. One hypothesis to explain the productivity ... Perspective on the Modern Productivity Paradox , American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings ... that used Productivity paradox Before computers Data processing with unit record equipment unit record equipment . Therefore the important productivity opportunities were exhausted before computers were ... not very productivity enhancing because they require time, a scarce complementary human input ... be that increases in productivity due to computers is not captured in GDP measures, but rather in quality changes and new products. Economists have done research in the productivity issue and concluded ... categories Data and analytical problems hide productivity revenues . The ratios for input and output ... through productivity will be hard to notice because there might be losses in other divisions departments of the company. So it is again hard to measure the profits made only through investments in productivity ... more details
facilities Agricultural productivity is measured as the ratio of agricultural output s to Agriculture ... and land yield . These are called partial measures of productivity . Agricultural productivity may also be measured by what is termed total factor productivity TFP . This method of calculating agricultural productivity compares an index of agricultural inputs to an index of outputs. This measure of agricultural productivity was established to remedy the shortcomings of the partial measures of productivity ... are usually attributed to technological improvements. ref Agricultural Investment and Productivity ... www.fao.org docrep 003 X9447E x9447e00.HTM ref Sources of agricultural productivity Image Wheat ... of agricultural productivity are ref cite journal last1 Egli first1 D.B. last2 first2 year title ... See Productivity improving technologies historical Section 4 Mechanized agriculture, Section 7 Scientific agriculture Importance of agricultural productivity The productivity of a region s farm s is important for many reasons. Aside from providing more food , increasing the productivity of farms affects ... and savings, and labour migration. An increase in a region s agricultural productivity implies ... in productivity arise, the more productive farmers benefit from an increase in their welfare while ..., Yair, Agricultural Productivity and Economic Policies Concepts and Measurements, OECD Working Paper ... productivity lead also to agricultural growth and can help to alleviate poverty in poor ... productivity. Those employed in other sectors also enjoy lower food prices and a more stable food supply. Their wages may also increase. ref name oecd.org Agricultural productivity is becoming increasingly ... countries, has taken steps in the past decades to increase its land productivity. Forty years ... and a Civilization in Trouble. New York City Earth Policy Institute, 2006. ref Agricultural productivity and sustainable development Increase in agricultural productivity are often linked with questions ... more details
Resource productivity is the quantity of good or service outcome that is obtained through the expenditure of unit resource. ref Hargroves, K. and Smith, M.H. 2005. The Natural Advantage of Nations Business Opportunities, Innovation and Governance in the 21st Century . Earthscan, London. ref ref Hawken, P., Lovins, A. and Lovins, L.H. 1999. Natural Capitalism Creating the Next Industrial Revolution . Earthscan, London. ref ref Weizs cker, E, and Jesinghaus, J. 1992. Ecological Tax Reform, Chapter 2 Increasing the Productivity of Natural Resources and Energy . Zed, London. http esl.jrc.it dc etr ecological tax reform.htm Toc109534444 ref This can be expressed in monetary terms as the monetary yield per unit resource. For example, when applied to crop irrigation it is the yield of crop obtained through use of a given volume of irrigation water, the crop per drop , which could also be expressed as monetary return from product per use of unit irrigation water. br Resource productivity and resource intensity are key concepts used in sustainability measurement as they attempt to decouple the direct connection between resource use and environmental degradation . Their strength is that they can be used as a metric for both economic and environmental cost. Although these concepts are two sides of the same coin, in practice they involve very different approaches and can be viewed as reflecting, on the one hand, the efficiency of resource production as outcome per unit of resource use resource productivity and, on the other hand, the efficiency of resource consumption as resource use per unit outcome resource intensity . The sustainability objective is to maximize resource productivity while minimizing resource intensity. See also col begin col 3 Bioeconomics fisheries Bioeconomics Econophysics Energy and Environment Environmental economics Energy Accounting col 3 Ecodynamics Ecological Economics Industrial ecology Population dynamics Thermoeconomics col 3 Sustainability accounting ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2011 notability February 2011 The term productivity alpha describes above benchmark productivity resulting from operations that have been optimized through the use of technology . Productivity alpha is essential to helping today s asset management organizations remain competitive. It leads to cost savings, increased efficiency and a more satisfied work force. Background Alpha investment Alpha is a word used in the investment process. A positive alpha means that a fund has performed better than the benchmark or better than average. There is a direct correlation between a firm s operations and productivity. When operations are automated and operational processes are streamlined, productivity increases. This can help a firm to see a significant improvement in their overall business. Well run operations will, in fact Enable the front office to address new sources of alpha Protect the generated alpha Minimize the cost of operations Provide accurate and transparent information to investors By allowing the asset manager to execute his or her investment strategy faster or smarter, the operations can have a direct impact on the fund s alpha. Highly automated and efficient operations enable a firm to more quickly accommodate new instruments, strategies and markets, thus directly contributing to the development of new sources of alpha. By avoiding errors and delays in operations the Chief operating officer COO helps to protect the alpha that the Fund management fund manager has created. Errors in the Middle office middle or back office can result in additional costs for reversing trades or even penalties. Furthermore, inadequate technology can increase an organization s risk exposure. Operations which are tightly and efficiently managed can contribute ... client interactions, and directly contributes to the productivity of client facing staff in both ... operations and increase productivity. The strategic deployment of technology allows investment firms ... more details
The Productivity Commission is the Australian Government s principal review and advisory body on microeconomics microeconomic policy and regulation. It is an independent statutory authority in the Treasury Portfolio and responds to references from the Treasurer. For example, its work includes researching the economic implications of ageing in Australia, reviewing the gas access regime, the effects of the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 disability discrimination act , and the economic effects of removing tariff s on goods from least developed countries . The reference from the Treasurer may require a commissioned study or a public inquiry. In a public inquiry the Productivity Commission PC will accept submissions from any member of the public, and will usually issue a draft report on which further submissions are accepted. The PC also has responsibility for assessing the application of safeguard measures under the World Trade Organisation guidelines. The guiding principles of the commission are to be independent of government and industry, and open to public participation. Its reports often form the basis of government policy. However, the Treasurer and government are not required to act on Productivity Commission recommendations and may give no response or refuse to act. History The Commission traces its lineage back to the Tariff Board which was established in the 1920s. Asserting ... Assistance Commission. It became the Industry Commission in the late 1980s and the Productivity ... cite web title History of the Productivity Commission url http www.pc.gov.au about us history publisher Productivity Commission date 22 July 2009 accessdate 28 December 2008 archiveurl http www.webcitation.org ... participants from making public submissions to its inquiries. In late 2009, a major Productivity Commission ..., the Productivity Commission is often a useful starting point for information on the Economy of Australia ... www.pc.gov.au Productivity Commission website Category Economy of Australia Category Commonwealth Government ... more details
No footnotes date February 2010 In linguistics , productivity is the degree to which native speaker s use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation . Since use to produce novel new, non established structures is the clearest proof of usage of a grammatical process, the evidence most often appealed to as establishing productivity is the appearance of novel forms of the type the process leads one to expect, and many people would limit the definition offered above to exclude use of a grammatical process that does not result in a novel structure. Thus in practice, and, for many, in theory, productivity is the degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process for the formation of novel structures . A productive grammatical process defines an open class , one which admits new words or forms. Non productive grammatical processes may be seen as operative within closed classes , but only previously formed and learned structures show the results of those processes. In standard English language English , the formation of preterite and past participle forms of verb s by means of Indo European ablaut ablaut for example, sing &ndash sang &ndash sung is no longer considered productive. Newly coined verbs in English overwhelmingly use the ending ed for the past tense and past participle for example, spam electronic spammed , electronic mail e mailed . There are more ... for userboxen returns numerous hits of the form User Userboxen ref for example. Productivity is, as stated ... Word formation Inflection References Baayen, Harald. 1992 . Quantitative aspects of morphological productivity ... Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0 7923 1416 6. Baayen, Harald. & Lieber, Rochelle. 1991 . Productivity ... . Morphological productivity . Cambridge studies in linguistics No. 95 . Cambridge Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 79238 X. Bolozky, Shmuel. 1999 . Measuring productivity in word formation . Leiden Brill. ISBN 90 04 11252 9. Plag, Ingo. 1999 . Morphological productivity Structural constraints ... more details
seealso Biomass ecology In ecology, productivity or production refers to the rate of generation of biomass in an ecosystem. It is usually expressed in units of mass per unit surface or volume per unit time, for instance Gram grams per square metre per day . The mass unit may relate to dry matter or to the mass of carbon based life carbon generated. Productivity of autotroph s such as plant s is called primary productivity , while that of heterotroph s such as animal s is called secondary productivity . ref name allaby cite book editor1 first Michael editor1 last Allaby title A Dictionary of Ecology url http www.oxfordreference.com views ENTRY.html?subview Main&entry t14.e4512 accessdate 2009 12 03 edition Third year 2006 origyear 1994 publisher Oxford University Press location Oxford, UK isbn 9780198609056 ref Primary production main Primary production Primary production is the synthesis of new organic material from inorganic molecules such as H sub 2 sub O and CO sub 2 sub . It is dominated by the process of photosynthesis which uses sunlight to synthesise organic molecules such as sugar s, although chemosynthesis represents a small fraction of primary production. Organisms responsible for primary production include land plants, marine algae and some bacteria including cyanobacteria . Secondary production Secondary production is the generation of biomass of heterotroph ic consumer organisms in a system. This is driven by the transfer of organic material between trophic level s, and represents the quantity of new tissue biology tissue created through the use of assimilated food. Secondary production is sometimes defined to only include consumption of primary producers by herbivory herbivorous consumers ref cite web url http filaman.ifm geomar.de Glossary Glossary.php?q secondary production&language english&sc is title Definition of term Secondary production author date work The Glossary Table publisher FishBase accessdate 2009 12 03 ref with tertiary production referring ... more details
Imaginary Friend may refer to Imaginary friend , an invented person, animal or character In music Imaginary Friend band , a Finnish indie pop group formed in 2004 Imaginary Friend Th Faith Healers album Imaginary Friend Th Faith Healers album 1993 Imaginary Friends Freezepop album Imaginary Friends Freezepop album 2010 Imaginary Friends , a song by Zeromancer In television Imaginary Friend Star Trek The Next Generation Imaginary Friend Star Trek The Next Generation , a 1992 episode of Star Trek The Next Generation Imaginary Friend The Nanny Imaginary Friend The Nanny , a 1993 episode of The Nanny In other uses Imaginary Friends play Imaginary Friends play , a 2002 play by Nora Ephron Imaginary Friend film Imaginary Friend film , a 2006 film starring Abigail Breslin Imaginary Friends , a 1967 novel by Alison Lurie Imaginary Friends TV miniseries , a 1987 British TV movie based on Alison Lurie s novel See also Foster s Home for Imaginary Friends , a television series disambiguation it Imaginary Friend ... more details
In geometry an imaginary curve is an algebraic curve which contains a finite number of imaginary point s. See also Imaginary point Real point Imaginary line mathematics Real line Real curve geometry stub Category Projective geometry ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 A point a,b,c in the complex projective plane is called an imaginary point if there exists no complex number z such that za, zb and zc are real number real . This definition can be widened to complex projective space and complex projective hyperspace s as follows math a 1,a 2,...,a n math is imaginary if there exists no complex number z such that math za 1,za 2,...,za n math is real. Note 0,0,...,0 is not a point See also Real point DEFAULTSORT Imaginary Point Category Projective geometry Geometry stub ... more details
In general, an imaginary line is any sort of line that has only an abstract definition, and does not exist in fact. As a geography geographical concept, an imaginary line may serve as an arbitrary division such as a border . It may also be a standardized mark that serves as a measurement or point of reference such as a circle of latitude or the Prime Meridian . cartography stub Category Geography terminology ... more details
Other uses Imaginary friend disambiguation Imaginary friends and imaginary companions are a psychological ... in the imagination rather than external physical reality . Imaginary friends are fictional character ... Taylor, M. 1999 Imaginary Companions and the Children Who Create Them. New York Oxford University Press. ref The first studies focusing on imaginary friends are believed to have been conducted during ... Richard H. Passman title Pretend companions imaginary playmates the emergence of a field journal ... Document Number GALE A166239640 ref Imaginary friends are made often in childhood, sometimes in adolescence ... they see their imaginary friends only in their heads. There s even a third category of imaginary friend recognition when the child doesn t see the imaginary friend at all, but can only feel his her presence. Imaginary friends are more often seen as abnormal in adults, whereas quite common in children. Purposes It has been theorized that children with imaginary companions may develop language skills ... more linguistic practice while carrying out conversations with their imaginary friends than their peers get. ref Cite news url http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2005 03 050308101309.htm title Imaginary ... of Manchester accessdate 9 November 2011 ref Kutner n.d. holds that blockquote Imaginary companions ... lamp in the living room. Most important, an imaginary companion is a tool young children ... Monsters and Imaginary Companions. Source http www.drkutner.com parenting articles monsters.html ... ...despite some results suggesting that children with imaginary companions might be superior ... Carlson, Stephanie M. Gerow, Lynn c. 2001 . Imaginary Companions Characteristics and Correlatres in Reifel ...&dq imaginary companion psychological study&source bl&ots DsdqfwAVCM&sig tMo3sYxyam7y5h 7fMTIlBdAFaQ ... ref blockquote A long time popular misconception is that most children dismiss or forget the imaginary ..., sixty five percent of children report that they have had an imaginary companion at some point in their lives ... more details
The Imaginary order is one of a triptych of terms in the psychoanalysis psychoanalytic theory of Jacques ... terms, the imaginary was the first to appear, well before the Rome Report of 1953... when ... blockquote I began with the Imaginary, I then had to chew on the story of the Symbolic...and I finished ... the Imaginary 1936 1952 , the Symbolic 1953 1962 , and the Real 1963 1981 . ref D. Hoens and Ed ... of psychology and identification as the fundamental psychical process. The imaginary was then the... dimension ... s concept of the Imaginary was most fully articulated. The Imaginary order The basis of the Imaginary ... the ego in this way the category of the imaginary provides the theoretical basis for a long standing ... aspect of the imaginary. The relationship whereby the ego is constituted by identification is a locus of alienation , which is another feature of the imaginary, and is fundamentally Narcissism narcissistic thus Lacan wrote of the different phases of imaginary, narcissistic, specular identification ... I Cambridge 1988 p. 188 ref which make up the ego s history. If the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real ... , ref Malcolm Bowie, Lacan London 1991 p. 112 ref then the Imaginary, a realm of surface appearances .... 4 ref to the ego as other identification, as Fraud . The Imaginary and the Symbolic With the increasing prominence of the Symbolic in Lacan s thought after 1953, the Imaginary becomes viewed in a rather ... does analysis consist in the imaginary realisation of the subject...to make it well rounded, this ego ... Book II Cambridge 1988 p. 54 and p. 241 ref Instead, one finds a guide beyond the imaginary, on the level ... 1988 p. 141 ref It also became apparent that the imaginary involves a linguistic dimension whereas ... belong to the imaginary. Thus language has both symbolic and imaginary aspects words themselves can undergo symbolic lesions and accomplish imaginary acts of which the patient is the subject....In this way speech may become an imaginary, or even real object . ref Lacan, Ecrits p. 87 8 ref To the Lacan ... more details
distinguish2 Imaginary Landscapes , a 1993 compilation of ambient music. unreferenced date November 2011 Imaginary Landscape is the title of several pieces by United States American composer John Cage . The series comprises the following works Imaginary Landscape No. 1 1939 for two variable speed phonograph turntables , frequency recordings, muted piano , and cymbal Imaginary Landscape No. 2 March 1942 for tin can s, conch shell , ratchet , bass drum , buzzer s, water gong , metal wastebasket , Lion s roar instrument lion s roar and amplified coil of wire Imaginary Landscape No. 3 1942 for tin cans, muted gongs, electronic oscillator audio frequency oscillators , variable speed turntables with frequency recordings and recordings of generator whines, amplified coil of wire, amplified marimbula a Caribbean instrument similar to the African thumb piano , and electric buzzer Imaginary Landscape No. 4 March No. 2 1951 for 24 performers at 12 Receiver radio radio s Imaginary Landscape No. 5 1952 for magnetic tape recording of any 42 phonograph record s All of the Imaginary Landscape pieces include instruments or other elements requiring electricity. Although all five of the Imaginary Landscape pieces were included in a Mode recording of Percussion Works I , two of the pieces do not use percussion as such. The booklet included with the aforementioned Mode recording includes a quote from Cage It s not a physical landscape. It s a term reserved for the new technologies. It s a landscape in the future. It s as though you used technology to take you off the ground and go like Alice through the looking glass. The Mode recording includes two versions of No. 4 and No. 5. One version of No. 5 uses period jazz recordings which would have been available to Cage at the time he composed it, and the other version uses recordings of Cage s work. Interestingly, the Mode recording of the Landscapes is No. 43 in their series of CDs of Cage s work, so the previous 42 recordings provide the correct ... more details
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