one source date April 2008 main Immunosuppressive drug An immunosuppressant is any substance that performs immunosuppression of the immune system . They may be either exogenous, as immunosuppressive drug s, or endogenous, as, e. g., testosterone . ref cite journal last Fimmel coauthors Zouboulis CC year 2005 title Influence of physiological androgen levels on wound healing and immune status in men journal Aging Male volume 8 pages 166&ndash 174 pmid 16390741 doi 10.1080 13685530500233847 first S issue 3 4 ref When the immune system function is suppressed, there is an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and cancers. The term immunotoxin is also sometimes used incorrectly to label undesirable immunosuppressants, such as various pollutants . Polychlorinated biphenyls PCB and the herbicide DDT are immunosuppressants. fact date May 2009 Uses Immunosuppressants may be prescribed when a normal immune response is undesirable, such as in autoimmune diseases . After an organ transplantation , the body will nearly always reject the new organ s due to differences in human leukocyte antigen haplotype s between the donor and recipient. As a result, the immune system detects the new tissue as hostile , and attempts to remove it by attacking it with recipient leukocytes , resulting in the death of the tissue. Immunosuppressants are applied as a countermeasure the side effect is that the body becomes more vulnerable to infections and malignancy, much like in an advanced HIV infection. See also BK virus more dangerous to the immunosuppressed References reflist Immunosuppressants Category Immunosuppressants Antineoplastic drug stub es Inmunosupresor sr Imunosupresant zh ... more details
Aza may refer to Gaza Gaza Strip Aza Kanji , a village or town section in the Japanese addressing system Azadk nd, Nakhchivan , Azerbaijan Aza, Azerbaijan A a, a Tibetan name for the Tuyuhun Kingdom the prefix aza , indicating the presence of nitrogen in chemical nomenclature azathioprine , an immunosuppressant medication Aza Mannae Aza , a king of Mannae Aza, a Kurdish language Kurdish male given name meaning brave , hero AZA refers to an IATA code for Phoenix Mesa Gateway Airport. AZA can also refer to Association of Zoos and Aquariums formerly named American Zoo and Aquarium Association Aleph Zadik Aleph , a Jewish youth group that is part of the BBYO The ICAO code for Alitalia , an Italian airline disambig de Aza fr AZA it AZA nl AZA ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 HD Medicine , or Huadong Medicine Co., Ltd. , is a Hangzhou based pharmaceutical company registered on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange since January 27, 2000. It has a listed share capital of 380,000,000 renminbi and a market capitalization of 126,323,040 renminbi As of 2005 alt as of July 2005 . It is the largest pharmaceutical company in Zhejiang and the leading immunosuppressant manufacturer in China. ref cite book title China Listed Companies Handbook Vol 4 year 2008 publisher Javvin Technologies isbn 9781602670235 page 69 ref References reflist manufacturing company stub China company stub Category Companies of the People s Republic of China Category Companies with year of establishment missing ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Immunodermatology studies skin as an organ of Immunity medical immunity in health and disease. Several areas have special attention, such as photo immunology effects of UV on skin defense , inflammation inflammatory diseases such as allergy allergic contact dermatitis and atopic eczema , presumably autoimmune skin diseases such as vitiligo and psoriasis , and finally the immunology of microbial skin diseases such as retrovirus infections and leprosy . New therapies in development for the Immunosuppressant immunomodulation of common immunological skin diseases include Biomolecule biologicals aimed at neutralizing Tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF alfa and chemokine receptor inhibitors. See also Dermatology Immune response Unreferenced date May 2007 Category Immunology immunology stub ... more details
Optimmune is an ophthalmic ointment with cyclosporine as the active ingredient for the treatment of pannus and chronic idiopathic keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. It is a veterinary product produced by Intervet , which is part of Merck . Optimmune was invented by Dr. Renee Kaswan, a DVM and professor at The University of Georgia. Dr. Kaswan is also the inventor of Restasis, the well known pharmaceutical that is the human version of Optimmune. Optimmune is one of a very few drugs developed for animals and then modified for use in human medicine. TRIVIA Optimmune, discovered at The University of Georgia, saved the eyesight of UGA , the school s mascot. Description White petrolatum based ointment for ophthalmic use, containing 0.2 w w cyclosporin Ph Eur. Activity Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant with lacrimomimetic and anti inflammatory properties. Contra indications Mild irritation in first few days of treatment. Treatment should be discontinued and professional advice sought. Do not use if fungal infection of the eye is suspected. Package Quantitative 3.5 Gram tubes Legality In Canada, available only from veterinary with prescription. As of October 2011, a tube cost 72. References Category Dog health pharma stub Veterinary med stub ... more details
adverse effects of many immunosuppressant drug s. In this sense, the scope of the term immunosuppression ... effect of increased risk for infection. References reflist See also Immunosuppressant Immunosuppressive ... more details
Wiktionary dop DOP may stand for Data oriented parsing Oslo Accords Declaration of Principles , an agreement between Israel and Palestine, also known as the Oslo Accords. Degree of parallelism Degree of polarization Delusions of Parasitosis Denominazione di Origine Protetta, the Italian equivalent of protected designation of origin Deoxypyridoxine , an immunosuppressant Dermo optical perception United States Department of Peace , proposed cabinet level department Dilution of precision computer graphics , an algorithmic trick used to handle difficult problems in hidden line removal Dilution of precision GPS , a term used in geomatics engineering to describe the geometric strength of satellite configuration Dioctyl phthalate , alternate name of Bis 2 ethylhexyl phthalate, a PVC plasticizer Direct object pronouns, a type of Object grammar grammatical object in some languages Director of photography Discrete optimization Discrete optimization problem , a type of problem in mathematics Discrete oriented polytope or polyhedron in computer graphics Dominican peso , ISO 4217 currency code disambiguation de DOP es DOP eo DOP fr DOP ko DOP it DOP nl DOP ja DOP no Dop pt DOP sv DOP vi DOP ... more details
Cylex, Inc is a biotechnology company developing and manufacturing products that use the immune system for predicting and managing human health. It is the first company to offer a patent protected, FDA approved cellular assay of immune system function, trademarked as ImmuKnow, that measures the vitality of a patient s immune system from a single drop of blood ref http www.fda.gov cdrh pdf k013169.pdf ref . This test may assist physicians in managing the treatment of diseases such as HIV , HCV , cancer and autoimmune disorders , as well as bone marrow and solid organ transplantation . In September 2006, Cylex announced study results on the effectiveness of ImmuKnow in minimizing the risk of infection and rejection in post transplant patients ref http www.medicalnewstoday.com medicalnews.php?newsid 51713 Cylex s Immune Function Test, ImmuKnow R , Identifies Optimal Immune Status For Post Transplant Therapy Bot generated title ref . Testing with ImmuKnow enabled doctors to tailor immunosuppressant drug regimens to prevent organ rejection while avoiding infection. Such information could help physicians reduce the use of immunosuppressive drugs, which have multiple serious side effects associated with their use, and lower the number of liver biopsies needed to monitor the transplant. References references External links http www.cylex.net Cylex Website Category Companies based in Columbia, Maryland Category Biotechnology companies ... more details
like immunosuppressant, ISP 1 myriocin journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 211 issue 2 pages ... the proliferation of an IL 2 dependent mouse cytotoxic T cell line. Myriocin possesses immunosuppressant ... more details
division. Thus, MZB has less toxicity than azathioprine, another immunosuppressant used for some ... than azathioprine, another immunosuppressant used for some of the same diseases. ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Chorioretinitis Image Chorioretinitis AIDS nci vol 2169 300.jpg Caption Photograph taken of the back of the eye fundoscopy of an AIDS patient with chorioretinitis. DiseasesDB 2613 ICD10 ICD10 H 30 9 h 30 ICD9 ICD9 363.20 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D002825 File Chorioretinitis ophthalmoscopy.ogv thumb Ophthalmoscopy Ophthalmoscopic findings during vitrectomy . The video shows the whitish cloudy cords and the white retinal spots found during vitrectomy. In a case of placoid chorioretinitis due to Treponema pallidum . Chorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid thin pigmented vascular coat of the eye and retina of the eye. It is also known as choroid retinitis . Symptoms The symptoms are the presence of floater floating black spots and blurry vision. Causes Chorioretinitis is often caused by toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infections and mostly affects young children or immunocompromised subjects such as people with AIDS or on immunosuppressant drugs . ref Kasper et al., eds. p.959, 1038. ref Congenital toxoplasmosis via transplacental transmission can also lead to sequelae such as chorioretinitis along with hydrocephalus and cerebral calcifications. Other possible causes of chorioretinitis are syphilis and onchocerciasis . Treatment It is treated with a combination of corticosteroid s and antibiotic s. If there is an underlying cause such as AIDS, specific therapy can be started as well. Footnotes Reflist References cite book editor1 last Kasper et al. title Harrison s Principles of Internal Medicine edition 16th year 2005 publisher McGraw Hill location New York isbn 0 07 140235 7 Eye pathology Inflammation Category Disorders of choroid and retina ar de Chorioretinitis es Coriorretinitis fr Chorior tinite pigmentaire it Corioretinite ja pt Corioretinite sv Chorioretinit ... more details
MMF may refer to TOC right Science, technology, and medicine Magnetomotive force Methoxymethylfurfural , an intermediate in the production of renewable plastics and biofuels Memory mapped file , a segment of virtual memory which has been assigned a direct byte for byte correlation with some portion of a file or file like resource Micro mechanics of failure , a failure theory for fiber reinforced composites Mismatch field , a brain response measured in magnetoencephalography .mmf , a file extension extension used for Synthetic Music Mobile Application Format polyphonic ring tones Multimedia Fusion and Multimedia Fusion 2, software authoring tools from Clickteam Multi mode optical fiber Multimedia framework , a software framework that handles media Multiple master fonts , a format for fonts Mycophenolate mofetil tradename CellCept , an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation Organizations and events Mercy Ministries Foundation , a Christian charitable organization Meredith Music Festival MMF Music Managers Forum Economics and finance Money market fund , an open ended mutual fund that invests in short term debt securities such as US Treasury bills and commercial paper Master of Mathematical Finance , a degree focusing quantitative analysis and mathematical finance Master of Money and Finance, a masters degree offered by the House of Finance at Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany Other Make Money Fast , an email spam that has persisted on the Internet since at least 1988 MMF, an acronym for group sex between two males and one female Murder Most Foul , a 1964 film based on the novels of Agatha Christie, starring Margaret Rutherford as Miss Jane Marple Memphis May Fire , a post hardcore band from Texas Make Me Famous band , a post hardcore band from Ukraine disambiguation de MMF fa ko MMF it MMF ja MMF pl MMF sr ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 455360316 IUPAC name image Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 169147 32 4 ATC prefix L04 ATC suffix AA22 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID NA PubChem DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank Chemical data chemical formula molecular weight Abetimus is an immunosuppressant . ref name pmid12749759 cite journal author not listed title Abetimus Abetimus sodium, LJP 394 journal BioDrugs volume 17 issue 3 issn 1173 8804 publisher Adis pages 212&ndash 215 year 2003 pmid 12749759 doi 10.2165 00063030 200317030 00009 url ref It is a synthetic biological called a tolerogen . It is made of four double stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotide s that are attached to a carrier platform and are designed to block specific B cell anti double stranded DNA antibodies. ref Citation last Wallace first Daniel J. date January 2001 year 2001 accessdate 2 April 2011 title Clinical and pharmacological experience with LJP 394 periodical Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs publisher Informa volume 10 issue 1 pages 111&ndash 117 issn 1354 3784 url http informahealthcare.com doi abs 10.1517 13543784.10.1.111 20 pmid 11116284 doi 10.1517 13543784.10.1.111 ref It may also complex anti dsDNA antibodies together, therefore disabling them. This way Abetimus is supposed to help treat Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and specifically nephritis . References reflist Immunosuppressants Category Immunosuppressants antineoplastic drug stub pl Abetimus ... more details
image Ascomycetes.jpg thumb right Cultures of Penicillium and Aspergillus Medicinal molds are molds which were the original source of certain medicines. The most important medicines discovered in molds include the first two statins , penicillin , and griseofulvin . Statins Mevastatin and lovastatin were the first statins discovered. Mevastatin, the first known statin, was found in Penicillium citrinum . Lovastatin, the first commercial statin, was found in Aspergillus terreus . Red yeast rice , made from the fungus Monascus purpureus , contains lovastatin, mevastatin, and monacolin J. Fermentation techniques are used to convert mevastatin to pravastatin . Simvastatin is enzymatically produced from hydrolyzed lovastatin monacolin J . Zaragozic acids Zaragozic acid s, like statins, inhibit cholesterol synthesis, and were originally found in molds. Antibiotics Molds were used to develop penicillin , cephalosporin , fusidic acid , usnic acid , and verticillin A. Antifungals Molds were used to develop the antifungals caspofungin , micafungin , griseofulvin , and anidulafungin . Immunosuppressants Ciclosporin , an immunosuppressant was discovered researching Tolypocladium inflatum . Mycophenolic acid is derived from Penicillium stoloniferum . Potential as a biological source of pharmaceuticals Over two dozen types of endophytic fungi are capable of producing paclitaxel , one of the most important anticancer drugs known. Researchers have reported endophytic fungi that are capable of producing vinblastine , camptothecin , hypericin , and deoxypodophyllotoxin. See also columns list 2 Ant fungus mutualism Aspergillus oryzae k ji fungus used in the production of soy sauce, miso, and sake. Kombucha tea fungus a beverage made from yeast and bacteria. Medicinal mushrooms Mycorrhiza medicinal fungi of the plant kingdom. Penicillium camemberti , Penicillium roqueforti P. roqueforti Saccharomyces boulardii a medicinal yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae food products Vegemite , Guinness ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Streptomyces hygroscopicus image image width 240px image caption regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria classis Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales familia Streptomycetaceae genus Streptomyces species S. hygroscopicus binomial Streptomyces hygroscopicus binomial authority Jensen surname Jensen dn date January 2012 1931 Selman Waksman Waksman and Arthur T. Henrici Henrici 1948 subdivision ranks Subspecies subdivision S. hygroscopicus angustmyceticus br S. hygroscopicus decoyicus br S. hygroscopicus glebosus br S. hygroscopicus hygroscopicus br S. hygroscopicus ossamyceticus synonyms Actinomyces hygroscopicus Jensen 1931 ref http biocyc.org META NEW IMAGE?type ORGANISM&object TAX 1912 Streptomyces hygroscopicus on biocyc.org ref Streptomyces hygroscopicus is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces . Biochemistry S. hygroscopicus cultures can be used to produce a number of chemical compounds or enzymes. Chemicals Immunosuppressants Sirolimus is an immunosuppressive drug immunosuppressant that has been isolated from S. hygroscopicus from soil samples from Easter Island . Ascomycin can be used to treat autoimmune diseases and skin diseases, and can help prevent rejection after an organ transplant. Antibiotics The antibiotics geldanamycin , hygromycin B , nigericin and validamycin are found in S. hygroscopicus . Experimental cancer drugs Indolocarbazole s can be found in S. hygroscopicus cultures. Anthelmintics and insecticides Milbemycin and milbemycin oxime can be found in S. hygroscopicus cultures. Herbicide S. hygroscopicus also produces the natural herbicide bialaphos . ref The bialaphos biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces hygroscopicus Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene cluster. Takeshi Murakami, Hiroyuki Anzai, Satoshi Imai, Atsuyuki Satoh, Kozo Nagaoka and Charles J. Thompson, Molecular and General Genetics MGG, Volume 205, Number 1, pages 42 53, doi 10.1007 BF02428031 ref Enzymes The enzymes alpha,alpha trehalose phosp ... more details
family protein, has been shown to be a potent immunosuppressant which can assist in the prevention ... M, Lin CS, Sigal NH title A cytosolic binding protein for the immunosuppressant FK506 has peptidyl ... more details
minor symptom s, overall most conventional therapies using steroid s, immunosuppressant s, chemotherapy ... drug normally used to treat leukemia as it is often used as an immunosuppressive drug immunosuppressant ... as an immunosuppressant . This combination of drugs has minimal to no benefits in most patients, but a small ... by slowing or stopping cell growth. It also works as an immunosuppressant by decreasing the body s immune ... normally used to treat hematological malignancies and acts as an immunosuppressant . It has been ... problems. As with most immunosuppressant drug s, there is a risk of other infection s and diseases ... more details
by the immunosuppressant drugs FK506 and rapamycin journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 271 issue 51 pages ... specific complexes with both immunophilins FKBP59 and FKBP12. Prevention by the immunosuppressant ... of the immunosuppressant FK506 binding protein FKBP52 by casein kinase II Regulation of HSP90 ... more details
immunosuppressant properties. It can be used to treat autoimmune diseases and List of skin ... activity profiles of macrolactam immunosuppressant FK 506 analogues. FEBS Lett. 1993. 316 2 107 13 ... Acad Sci. 1993. Jun 23 685 55 7. Morisaki M, Arai T., Related Articles, Identity of immunosuppressant ... more details
by the immunosuppressant drugs FK506 and rapamycin journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 271 issue 51 ... G, Greulich H, et al. title The cytosolic binding protein for the immunosuppressant FK 506 is both ... of FKBP FK506, an immunophilin immunosuppressant complex journal Science volume 252 issue 5007 pages ... cite journal author Harding MW, Galat A, Uehling DE, Schreiber SL title A receptor for the immunosuppressant ... can encode the human immunosuppressant binding protein FKBP12 journal Gene volume 150 issue 2 pages ... X ray structure of calcineurin inhibited by the immunophilin immunosuppressant FKBP12 FK506 complex ... more details
highly potent immunosuppressant agents such as ciclosporin or tacrolimus . Interactions There has been little experience about clinically relevant interactions. These might be Other immunosuppressant ... more details
the proliferation of cells, especially leukocytes . These inhibitors include azathioprine , an immunosuppressant ... is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation it inhibits purine synthesis ... more details
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