wiktionarypar redistributionRedistribution or redistribute can mean Economics Redistribution cultural anthropology in relation to non market economic exchange Redistribution economics , redistribution of income, property and or wealth Redistributive change , theory of economic justice in U.S. law Government and politics Redistribution Australia , the legal process in Australia whereby electoral boundaries are moved Redistribution election , the changing of political borders Redistricting , the redistribution of political borders in the United States Science and computing Redistribution Chemistry , a chemical reaction involving ligand exchange Freely redistributable software disambig fr Redistribution it Redistribuzione ... more details
Refimprove date January 2011 Redistribution of wealth is the transfer of income , wealth or property ... , January 2011 6 9 12 ref Types of redistribution Image Consumer constraint choice price shift.svg thumb right 220px Figure 1 See also Transfer payment Today, incomeredistribution occurs in some form in most Democracy democratic countries. Progressive incomeredistribution diminishes the amount of income .... Francis Bacon , Of seditions and Troubles , Essays, 15. The objectives of incomeredistribution ... have equal wealth or income. Dalton s analysis sets aside questions of economic efficiency redistribution ... An Interest Group Model of Direct IncomeRedistribution , The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol ... cite web url http plato.stanford.edu entries redistribution title Redistribution date 2 July 2004 ... , such as a change in tax laws, monetary policies, or tort law, that engenders the redistribution of goods among these subjects accessdate 13 August 2010 ref Most often it refers to progressive redistribution, from the rich to the poor, although it may also refer to regressive redistribution, from the poor to the rich. The desirability and effects of redistribution are actively debated on ethical and economic grounds. All demographic groups even those not usually associated with wealth redistribution ... tax progressive income tax system, a high income earner will pay a higher tax rate than a low income earner. A steeper progressive income tax results in more equal distribution of income and wealth across the board. The difference between the Gini index for an income distribution before taxation and the Gini index after taxation is an indicator for the effects of such taxation. Property redistribution ... programs and policy measures involving redistribution of property include eminent domain , land reform and inheritance tax . Two popular types of governmental redistribution of wealth are Subsidies and Vouchers ... General understanding of social justice socially just . ref http plato.stanford.edu entries redistribution ... more details
A Redistribution Layer RDL is an extra metal layer on a chip that makes the IO pads of an integrated circuit available in other locations. Introduction When an integrated circuit is manufactured, it usually has a set of IO pads that are Wire bonding wirebonded to the pins of the package. A redistribution layer is an extra layer of wiring on the chip that enables you to bond out from different locations on the chip, making chip to chip bonding simpler. References reflist External links http www.flipchips.com tutorial72.html Redistribution tutorial http www.tlmicorp.com serv pad.htm Graphics illustrating redistribution Category Semiconductor device fabrication Category Packaging microfabrication electronics stub ... more details
Wikify date March 2011 The term redistribution is used in Australia to mean a redrawing of electoral Boundary delimitation boundaries . It is equivalent to the term redistricting in the United States . In the Australian House of Representatives House of Representatives each States and territories of Australia State and Territory is divided into Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives electoral divisions . The number of these divisions is determined by population. To ensure equal representation, the boundaries of these divisions have to be redrawn or redistributed periodically. A redistribution or redrawing of the geographic boundaries of these divisions takes place at least once every seven years to make sure that there is, as near as practicable, the same number of electors in each ... ref A redistribution is necessary in three circumstances when the number of parliamentary ... of 7 years has elapsed since the previous redistribution. However, a redistribution is postponed ... a general election from occurring during a redistribution. A redistribution is undertaken by a committee ... Auditor General. As soon as possible after the redistribution process commences, the Electoral Commissioner invites public suggestions on the redistribution which must be lodged within 30 days. A further period of 14 days is allowed for comments on the suggestions lodged. The Redistribution Committee then divides the State or Territory into divisions and publishes its proposed redistribution. A period of 28 days is allowed after publication of the proposed redistribution for written objections ... are considered by an augmented Electoral Commission consisting of the four members of the Redistribution Committee and the two part time members of the Electoral Commission. At the time of the redistribution ... figure but at a point 3.5 years after the expected completion of the redistribution, the figures ... changes. Interference in the redistribution process by politicians, of the kind which is Gerrymandering ... more details
elections Redistribution in many Commonwealth countries , called redistricting in the United States, is the process of changing of political border s. This is a form of boundary delimitation that changes electoral district constituency boundaries, usually in response to periodic census results that cause malportionment of representation. ref name ACE http aceproject.org ace en topics bd bdz01 Boundary Delimitation Glossary ACE The Electoral Knowledge Network. Accessed July 4, 2009. ref This takes place by law or constitution at least every decade in most representative democracy systems using first ... Redistribution Australia In Australia , redistributions are carried out by independent and non partisan ... triggers can force a redistribution. The longest time period between two redistribution can be no greater than seven years. The redistribution is drafted by civil servants. Canada See Historical federal electoral districts of Canada Redistribution occurs decentenially. Only one event can trigger redistribution decentenial census. Redistribution is drafted by civil servants. India India has an established ... to redistribution is ten years census . Redistributions are approved by political appointees ... accessdate 2008 10 09 date 2005 07 09 ref Redistribution is done by the Oireachtas acting on the advice .... Redistribution prior to 1977 was done without independent input and subject to the partisan concerns ... its legislative districts. The event trigger is none. The frequency to redistribution ... to redistribution is five years census . Most states redistributions are approved by an commission ... Commissions are by political appointments, neither elected officials nor civil servants. Redistribution ... to redistribution is ten years census . Most states redistributions are approved by state legislatture ... Electoral Standards Guidelines for reviewing the legal framework of elections Redistribution Overview ... U.S. House of Representatives District apportionment 1790 to 2000 DEFAULTSORT Redistribution ... more details
In chemistry, redistribution usually refers to the exchange of anionic ligands bonded to metal and metalloid centers. The conversion does not involve redox, in contrast to disproportionation reactions. Redistribution reactions are usefully conducted at higher temperatures upon cooling the mixture, the product mixture is kinetically frozen and the individual products can be separated. In cases where redistribution is rapid at mild temperatures, the reaction is less useful synthetically but still important mechanistically. Examples Useful redistribution reactions are found in organoaluminium compound organoaluminium , organoboron chemistry organoboron , and organosilicon chemistry . ref Greenwood, N. N. & Earnshaw, A. 1997 . Chemistry of the Elements 2nd Edn. , Oxford Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN 0 7506 3365 4. ref ref Many mixed organo chloro derivatives of many metalloids are produced in this manner. In one example, R. K ster, P. Binger, E. R. Chlorodiethylborane and Chlorodiphenylborane Inorganic Syntheses, Volume 15, pp. 149 153, 2007. DOI 10.1002 9780470132463.ch33 ref BCl sub 3 sub 2 B C sub 2 sub H sub 5 sub sub 3 sub 3 BCl C sub 2 sub H sub 5 sub sub 2 sub In another example, tetramethylsilane is an undesirable product of the industrially important direct process , but it can be converted recycled into more useful products by redistribution with silicon tetrachloride SiMe sub 4 sub SiCl sub 4 sub 2 SiMe sub 2 sub Cl sub 2 sub In organotin chemistry , the mixed alkyl tin chlorides are produced by redistribution ref name Ullmann G. G. Graf Tin, Tin Alloys, and Tin Compounds in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005 Wiley VCH, Weinheim DOI 10.1002 14356007.a27 049 ref 3 SnBu sub 4 sub SnCl sub 4 sub 4 SnBu sub 3 sub Cl Many metal halide s undergo redistribution reactions, usually to afford nearly statistical mixtures of products. For example, titanium tetrachloride and titanium tetrabromide redistribute their halide ligands, one of many reactions in this conversion ... more details
unreferenced date September 2010 Moment redistribution refers to the behavior of statically indeterminate structures that are not completely elasticity physics elastic , but have some reserve plasticity physics plastic capacity. When one location first yield engineering yields , further load to the structure causes bending moment to redistribute differently than would be expected in a purely elastic analysis. Engineering stub Category Structural engineering ... more details
Hydraulic redistribution refers to the mechanism by which some vascular plant s redistribute soil water. It occurs in vascular plants that commonly have roots in both wet soil and extremely dry soil, especially plants with both taproot s that grow vertically down to the water table , and lateral roots that sit close to the surface. Process During hot, dry periods, the surface soil dries out so much that the lateral roots tend to exude whatever water they contain thus the roots die unless the water is replaced. In plants that exhibit hydraulic redistribution, there are xylem pathways from the taproots to the laterals, so the loss of water from the laterals creates a pressure potential analogous to that of transpirational pull . Ground water is thus drawn up through the taproot to the laterals, only to be exuded into the surface soil. Though often referred to as hydraulic lift , movement of water by the plant roots has been shown to occur in any direction. ref Burgess et al. 2001, An improved heat pulse method to measure low and reverse rates of sap flow in woody plants, Tree Physiology ..., Transverse hydraulic redistribution by a grapevine, Plant, Cell and Environment, 28, 157 166 ref ... name Oleirva 2005 Oleirva et al. 2005, Hydraulic redistribution in three Amazonian trees, Oecologia ... ref Burgess Bleby 2006, Redistribution of soil water by lateral roots mediated by stem tissues ... al. 2005, Hydraulic redistribution through the root systems of senesced plants, Ecology, 86, 633 642 ... understood as this phenomenon is more carefully examined. Water redistribution by plant roots has ... out of soil moisture is important in maintaining plant root health. The redistribution of water ... available in the daytime to meet the transpiration demand. The implications of hydraulic redistribution ... plant nutrient availability. ref Ryel et al. 2002, Hydraulic redistribution in a stand of Artemisia ... 13 issue 6 pages 232 235 doi 10.1016 S0169 5347 98 01328 7 DEFAULTSORT Hydraulic Redistribution ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 The redistribution game is a Communist argument in favor of Redistribution economics redistribution . Without redistributive efforts, the natural distribution of a desired finite good is an arrangement that few would consider just one or a few individual s owns most of the resource, and the vast majority own very little, if anything at all. This is not based upon wikt merit merit , but often factors which, while not technically random, can only be attributed to luck. For a model of why this occurs, consider the following game . A hundred individuals are given 1000 tokens, each player having between 1 and 19 tokens, and the number of tokens each player has is public knowledge. They are free to move about and challenge other players. When this happens, both players flip all their tokens and the player flipping more heads is the winner. He or she receives the loser s tokens, and the losing player is eliminated from the game. Each player s objective is not specifically to own all the tokens, but to avoid elimination while attaining as many tokens as safely possible. Several outcomes are possible from this scenario. It is possible that one player will end up with all the tokens monarchy . An alternative ending scenario is that multiple players, in roughly equitable distributions, will remain at the end of the game oligarchy . For example, a distribution among 4 players of 260 250 245 245 is probably stable . Given the uncertainty involved with conflict in this game, it is quite possible for the weakest player to beat the strongest player, and all players may decide it is best to avoid conflict and not risk elimination No further conflict occurs. However, a distribution whereby many or most players democracy remain, with smaller and roughly equitable shares of the tokens, is highly unlikely. Here s why. At the beginning ... will have none. DEFAULTSORT Redistribution Game Category Communism ... more details
About theoretical attempts to define income its definition in United States law Income United States legal definitions refimprove date October 2010 Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained ... name Barr However, for households and individuals, income is the sum of all the wages, salaries, profits ... Education. p. 54. ref For firms, income generally refers to net profit what remains of revenue after ... 7477449 title What s the difference between revenue and income? publisher msnbc author Schoen, John ... monetary consumption ability, the former being used as a proxy for total income. ref name Barr Economic definitions In economics , factor income is the Stock and flow flow that is, measured per unit ...?key word Factor Income&letter F Factor Income title factor income ref In consumer theory income is another ... to more than one period is a multi period wealth economics wealth and income constraint. For example the same person can gain more productive skills or acquire more productive income earning assets to earn a higher income. In the multi period case, something might also happen to the economy beyond the control of the individual to reduce or increase the flow of income. Changing measured income and its relation to consumption over time might be modeled accordingly, such as in the permanent income hypothesis . Full and Haig Simons income main Haig Simons income Full income refers to the accumulation ... or household. According to the what economist Nicholas Barr describes as the classical definition of income the 1938 Haig Simons definition, income may be defined as the... sum of 1 the market value of rights ... income may be thought of as a proxy for full income. ref name Barr As such, however, it is criticized ... of any given agent. It omits the utility a person may derive from non monetary income and, on a macroeconomic ... income as a proportion of total income varies widely and unsystematically. Non observability of full income prevent a complete characterization of the individual opportunity set, forcing us to use ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Unlike most other province Canada provinces and the Government of Canada federal government , the province of New Brunswick until very recently had no statutory mechanism for electoral district redistricting redistribution . Thus, redistributions were not predictable and occurred only when consensus in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick demanded it. Throughout most of New Brunswick s early history redistribution was a result of the addition of new county counties , upon which the districts were based, which expanded from seven in 1785 to fifteen in 1874. Starting in 2005 2006, electoral distributions were undertaken under statutory requirements first immediately thereafter and after every decennial Statistics Canada Canadian census starting in 2011. New Brunswick electoral distribution, 1785 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1795 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1824 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1826 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1827 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1834 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1838 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1842 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1845 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1846 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1874 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1891 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1895 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1912 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1924 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1926 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1946 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1967 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1973 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 1994 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 2006 New Brunswick electoral redistribution, 2013 DEFAULTSORT New Brunswick Electoral Redistribution Category Politics of New Brunswick Category Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick ... more details
about a property of personal income the financial accounting term deferred income Multiple issues refimprove December 2009 weasel May 2009 Unearned income is a term in economics that has different meanings and implications depending on the theoretical frame. To Classical economics classical economists , with their emphasis on dynamic competition, income not subject to competition are Economic rent rents or unearned income, such as incomes attributable to monopolization or land ownership. According to certain conceptions of the Labor Theory of Value , it may refer to all income that is not a direct result of labor. In a Neoclassical economics neoclassical frame, it may mean income not attributed to any factor of production. Generally it may be used to refer to windfall gain windfall profits ... to be entirely earned. Unearned income has often been treated differently for tax purposes than earned income, in order to redistribution economics redistribute income or to recognize its qualitative difference from income derived from work. Such a tax structure is often associated with a progressive income tax structure. Supporters argue that extraordinarily high incomes are unearned incomes, so income taxes on the highest brackets reached 98 in the United Kingdom in 1979. In recent times the pendulum has swung the other way, and most Western countries tax unearned income more favourably than income from work. For instance, as a result of Proposition 13 in California, land ownership is taxed at under 1 . Capital gains are a form of passive income some argue are unearned, though this is a great ..., capital gains are taxed at the rate of 15 , which is far less than income taxes. Another contentious ... on unearned income can interfere with these mechanisms. Progressive Movement Progressives assert that the purpose ... section date December 2009 See also Earned income Economic rent FIRE economy rentier References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Unearned Income Category Income econ stub lt Nedarbin s pajamos ru ... more details
Median household income Personal income in the United States Poverty in the United States Redistribution ...see Economic inequality In economics , income distribution is how a nation s total GDP is distributed ... isbn 0 13 063085 3 ref Income distribution has never been a central concern of economic theory and economic ... concerned with factor income distribution , that is, the Distribution economics distribution of income ... of income across individuals and households. Important theoretical and policy concerns include the relationship between income inequality and economic growth. The distribution of income within ... of income inequality , such as the Gini coefficient . Measurement Main Income inequality metrics ... FGT metrics . ref and distributive justice fairness . Income inequality metrics or income distribution metrics are used by social scientists to measure the distribution of income , and economic ... in general. While different theories may try to explain how income inequality comes about, income inequality Metric mathematics metrics simply provide a Systems of measurement system of measurement ... Causes of inequality Causes of income distribution and levels of equality inequality include .... Distribution measurement internationally Main List of countries by income equality Using Gini ... Agency CIA , have measured income inequality List of countries by income equality by country . Trends ... tends to increase over time as a country develops, and to decrease as a certain average income ... income economies has reached its highest level for over over 30 years, and governments must act ... 1 1 1 1,00.html Society Governments must tackle record gap between rich and poor, says OECD ref Income distribution in different countries Expand section date December 2011 Income distribution in the United States Main Household income in the United States See Income inequality in the United States In the United States, income has become distributed more unequally over the past 30 years, with those ... more details
In cultural anthropology and sociology , redistribution is a system of economic exchange within a social group intended to alter the distribution of goods. ref http anthro.palomar.edu tutorials cglossary.htm redistribution ref Typically this involves a strong, politics political centre such as kinship based leadership which receives and distributes goods according to culturally specific principles. An elaborate example of this in a non market society is the potlatch , where large amounts of personal resources are ceremonially given away to others in the community according to social status, with the tacit expectation that other members of the community would themselves give away large amounts of their own property in the future. ref http anthro.palomar.edu tutorials cglossary.htm potlatch ref In modern mixed economy mixed market economies , the central form of redistribution is facilitated through taxation by the State polity state . Redistribution of resources therefore occurs where these resources are allocated back to individuals or groups within society either through the provision of public services or directly through welfare benefits . See also Non market economics Economic anthropology Category Cultural anthropology anthropology stub Reflist ja es Redistribuci n ... more details
Citations missing date November 2007 Body fat redistribution BFR syndrome , sometimes called fat derangement , is a medical condition characterized by fat loss or occasionally fat gain , often in the cheeks or face. BFR most often occurs in HIV AIDS patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy. Definition No firm definition of body fat redistribution syndrome exists as yet. At least four syndromes have been described that are characterized by the accumulation of fat, and one by the loss of fat combinations of these may occur in an individual. Gender, age, and pre therapy body weight appear to influence the severity of BFR in patients. BFR is distinct from lipodystrophy , which simply refers to fat loss. Symptoms The most common manifestations of body fat redistribution are accumulations of fat in the central body in the form of a fat pad on the back of the neck and an accumulation of visceral fat in the abdomen or belly. This fat accumulation is accompanied by a loss of subcutaneous fat in the face, arms, legs, and buttocks. Adverse effects Cosmetic concerns may cause patients to refuse or stop treatment. If severe enough, the fat accumulation may result in sleep apnea or other sleep disorders, migraines , decreased range of motion, discomfort due to pressure on internal organs, and general loss of condition. Fat loss may result in pain in the buttocks when seated. Other potential complications resulting from BFR include high cholesterol, high levels of triglycerides , insulin resistance, hyperglycemia , diabetes , gout , and cardiovascular disease . BFR is also associated with certain metabolic abnormalities such as elevations of plasma sugar and fats, but the precise relationship is unknown. Treatment Treatment of symptoms may include cosmetic surgery such as Collagen Medical uses collagen implants treatment of the underlying syndrome may include changing from protease inhibitors to an NNRTI . See also lipodystrophy References http www.sfaf.org treatment beta b39 b39bodyfat.html ... more details
orphan date April 2009 Image ManitobaBoundaries1998.png 200px thumb Previous Boundaries Image ManitobaBoundaries2008.png 200px thumb New Boundaries The Manitoba electoral redistribution of 2008 started on April 14, 2008 when the Manitoba s Electoral Divisions Boundaries Commission made up of Manitoba Chief Justice Richard J. Scott, Chief Electoral Officer Richard D. Balasko, President and Vice Chancellor of the University College of the North Denise K. Henning, Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Professor of Political Studies at the University of Manitoba Richard Sigurdson, and President and Vice Chancellor at Brandon University Louis Visentin released the population counts of the 1998 electoral boundaries based on Canada 2006 Census Census 2006 population counts provided by Statistics Canada. ref http www.boundariescommission.mb.ca Manitoba Electoral Divisions Boundaries Commission ref The Pas was the only riding not to have its boundaries be changed. The Electoral Divisions Boundaries Commission released its report after months of public consultation and deliberation. These boundaries will take effect after the next dissolution of the Manitoba Legislature . New Ridings Agassiz electoral district Agassiz Dauphin provincial electoral district Dauphin Dawson Trail Fort Garry Riverview Fort Richmond Kewatinook Logan electoral district Logan Midland Manitoba Riding Midland Morden Winkler Riding Mountain Manitoba Riding Riding Mountain Spruce Woods Manitoba Riding Spruce Woods St. Paul electoral district St. Paul Tyndall Park References reflist coord missing Manitoba Category Electoral redistributions in Canada Category Manitoba electoral districts Category Legislative Assembly of Manitoba Category 2008 in Canadian politics Man Manitoba geo stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub date December 2009 Orphan date June 2009 Aggregate income is the combined income earned by an entire group of persons. Aggregate income in economics is a broad conceptual term. It may express the proceeds from total output in the economy for producers of that output. One such measure of it is National Income in the National Income and Product Accounts Accounting for the left side of the reportNational Income and Product Accounts National Income and Product Accounts . It is the sum of employees, proprietors, rental, corporate, interest, and government income less the subsidies government pays to any of those groups. See also Distribution economics Household income in the United States Income distribution Aggregate expenditure Aggregate income describes the total income in an economy without regard to taxes, revenue, credits and debits. Aggregate income is a form of GDP that is equal to Consumption expenditure plus net profits. DEFAULTSORT Aggregate Income Category Income macroeconomics stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Family income is generally considered a primary measure of a nation s financial prosperity. In the United States , political parties perennially disagree over which economic policies are more likely to increase family income. The party in power often takes the credit or blame for any significant changes in family income. See also Median household income Personal income DEFAULTSORT Family Income Category Income Econ stub ... more details
Infobox UK legislation short title Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom long title An Act for the Redistribution of Seats at Parliamentary Elections, and for other Purposes. statute book chapter 48 & 49 Vict. C. 23 introduced by William Gladstone territorial extent United Kingdom royal assent 25 June 1885 commencement repeal date amendments related legislation repealing legislation Representation of the People Act 1918 status Repealed original text activeTextDocId legislation history The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 48 & 49 Vict., c. 23 was an Act of Parliament Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . It was a piece of electoral reform legislation that redistributed the seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom House of Commons , introducing the concept of equally populated United Kingdom constituencies constituencies , in an attempt to equalise representation across the UK. ref name lowell cite book last Lowell first A Lawrence title The Government Of England volume 1 year 1912 publisher Macmillan location London authorlink Abbott ... reform of parliamentary seats took place under the Reform Act 1832 . The next redistribution of parliamentary ... act was the Representation of the People Ireland Act 1868 . The 1868 redistribution had proved ... June 2011 ref The act received Royal Assent on 25 June, and the provisions of both the redistribution ... Kingdom general election, 1885 1885 general election . Provisions The basis of the redistribution under ... reduced to one MP ref name 1seat Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, Schedule 2 Boroughs to lose ... undivided two MPs rowspan 2 Split into two divisions ref name countydivs Redistribution of Seats Act ... Abingdon one MP colspan 2 Abolished. ref name abol Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. Schedule 1, Part ... parliamentary borough of West Ham, divided into two single member divisions ref name newbghs Redistribution ... Ham, North Division ref name bghdivs Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. Schedule 6, Divisions of Boroughs ... more details
Private income is either any type of income received by a private individual or household, often derived from occupational activities, or income of an individual that is not in the form of a salary e.g. income from investment s . Many people with a private income of the second type are comfortably or well off and may not need a job for additional income. People in such a position can have other pursuits, e.g., as a philanthropist , or in the past as a gentleman scientist . Today among America s 146,000 highest income households, those making more than 1.6 million per year, 31 of all income was derived from investments. finance stub Category Income ... more details
Income in kind is non money income. It refers to government provided services such as food stamps, education, medical aid, housing assistance, or any good or service that can be consumed. It is also known as In Kind Income http www.answers.com topic in kind income . finance stub Category Microeconomics he ... more details
Real income is the income of individuals or nations after adjusting for inflation . It is calculate calculated by Subtraction subtracting inflation from the Real versus nominal value economics nominal income. Real variables , such as real income, real GDP , and real interest rate are Variable mathematics variables that are measured in physical units , while Real versus nominal value economics nominal variables such as nominal income target nominal income , nominal GDP , and nominal interest rate are measured in monetary unit s. Therefore, real income is a more useful wikt indicator indicator of well being , since it is based on the amount of goods and services that can be Purchasing purchased with the income. According to the classical dichotomy classical dichotomy theory , real variables and nominal variables are separate in the long run , meaning they are not influenced by each other. In other words if the nominal starting income was 100 and there was a 10 inflation general rise in prices eg what cost 10 now costs 11 Rate mathematics rate . So now with 100 you can buy less and if your income is not adjusted by inflation did not rise by 10 ,your real income has dropped 10 . ref http www.investopedia.com terms r realincome.asp axzz1p7SswT9y ref DEFAULTSORT Real Income Category Income reflist Economics stub ar da Reall n it Reddito reale ms Pendapatan benar pl Doch d realny ... more details
Income earner refers to an individual who through work, investments or a combination of both derives income, which has a fixed and very fixed value of his her income sometimes, called Vulkary Workers . The vast majority of income earners derive most of their income from occupational acitivites. ref name Society in Focus cite book last Thompson first William authorlink coauthors Joseph Hickey year 2005 title Society in Focus publisher Pearson location Boston, MA isbn 0 205 41365 X ref In many Western world western countries , such as the United States , the majority of women have entered the labor force and become income earners as a result, it has also become common for many households to have more than one Income in the United States income earner. ref name The Inner Life of the Middle Class cite book last Ehrenreich first Barbara authorlink coauthors year 1989 title Fear of Falling, The Inner Life of the Middle Class publisher Harper Collins location New York, NY isbn 0 06 0973331 ref ref name Middle income can t buy Middle class lifestyle cite web url http www.news.harvard.edu gazette 2003 10.30 19 bankruptcy.html title Middle income can t buy Middle class lifestyle accessdate 2006 12 28 ref In the US for example, 42 of all households and 75 of those in the top 20 with Household income in the United States incomes exceeding 91,200, had two income earners. ref name US Census Bureau, income quintile and top 5 household income distribution and demographic characteristics, 2006 cite web url http pubdb3.census.gov macro 032006 hhinc new05 000.htm title US Census Bureau, income quintile and top 5 household income distribution and demographic characteristics, 2006 accessdate 2006 12 28 ref See also Income References references finance stub Category Income ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2007 Income segregation is the separation of various peoples by Social class class based on income . For example, certain people cannot get into country club s because of insufficient funds . Many residential area s are as a practical matter segregated by income. References reflist See also Classism Category Housing economics stub law stub ... more details
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