Independence class may refer to Independence class littoral combat ship Independence class , a series of United States Navy littoral combat ships Independence class aircraft carrier Independence class , a series of light carriers built for the United States Navy that served during World War II. shipindex de Independence Klasse it Classe Independence ... more details
distinguish2 Independent Party disambiguation Independence Party can refer to various political parties past and present throughout the world, such as Independence Party Catalonia Independence Party Finland Independence Party Iceland Sj lfst isflokkurinn Independence Party India Independence Party Morocco Independence Party Palestine Independent Party Uruguay Estonian Independence Party Irish Independence Party Independence Israeli political party Puerto Rican Independence Party Scottish Independence Party , United Kingdom Taiwan Independence Party United Kingdom Independence Party In the United States United States Independence Party or Independence League , formed by William Randolph Hearst in the early 1900s, now defunct Alaskan Independence Party Independence Party of America Independence Party of Minnesota Independence Party of New York disambig de Unabh ngigkeitspartei he pl Partia Niepodleg o ci ru ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A war of independence is a conflict occurring over a Territory country subdivision territory that has Declaration of independence declared independence . Once the sovereign ... state is successfully established, the conflict is subsequently known as a war of independence. Use of the term largely originates from the American Revolutionary War American War of Independence but prior conflicts sometimes got the name retroactively such as the Dutch War of Independence , originally .... War of independence were followed by the decolonization period Wars of national liberation . Examples Examples of war of independence include width 100 valign top width 50 Algerian War of Independence American Revolutionary War American War of Independence Argentine War of Independence Bangladesh War of Independence Dominican War of Independence Eighty Years War Dutch War of Independence Eritrean War of Independence Estonian War of Independence Greek War of Independence Haitian Revolution Hungarian War of Independence Indian War of Independence Indochina Wars French Indochina War Vietnam War Sino Vietnamese War Indonesian National Revolution Irish War of Independence Israeli War of Independence Wars of Italian Independence First Italian War of Independence Second Italian War of Independence Third Italian War of Independence Latvian War of Independence Lithuanian Wars of Independence Maccabean Revolt Mau Mau Uprising Namibian War of Independence width 50 Philippine Revolution sometimes called the Philippine War of Independence Philippine American War Portuguese Colonial War Mozambican War of Independence Guinea Bissau War of Independence Angolan War of Independence Red Turban Rebellion Romanian War of Independence Wars of Scottish Independence First War of Scottish Independence Second War of Scottish Independence First Serbian Uprising Serbian Revolution Latin American wars of independence Brazilian Declaration of Independence Brazilian War of Independence Spanish American ... more details
Independence Avenue may refer to Independence Avenue Minsk , Belarus Independence Avenue Santiago de Chile , Chile Independence Avenue Washington, D.C. , United States Independence Avenue Windhoek , Namibia Roadindex Template Longcomment added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. de Independence Avenue es Avenida Independencia ... more details
The term War of Independence may refer to several historical events including Wars of Scottish Independence American War of Independence 1775 83 Latin American Wars of Independence Disambig hu F ggetlens gi h bor egy rtelm s t lap ... more details
Independence Pass may refer to either of two mountain passes in the United States Independence Pass Colorado Independence Pass Washington disambig ... more details
The following articles relate to the topic of energy independence Portal Energy Energy development Energy resilience Energy resilience Energy security North American energy independence Oil phase out in Sweden Commission on Oil Independence Swedish Commission on Oil Independence United States energy independence Disambig ... more details
Fort Independence is the name of several forts in the United States Fort Independence California , U.S. Cavalry fort during the 1860s, now site of the Fort Independence Indian Reservation near Independence, California Fort Independence Colorado , frontier trading post near present day Pueblo, Colorado Fort Independence Massachusetts , fort located at the mouth of Boston harbor on Castle Island Fort Independence Missouri , in Independence, Missouri the starting point of the Oregon Trail Fort Independence Nebraska , military installation in Nebraska in the 1900s Fort Independence Vermont , small fortification on the shores of Lake Champlain Fort Independence New York , Revolutionary War fort in the Bronx geodis ... more details
Independence Township may refer to the following places in the United States TOCright Arkansas Independence Township, Baxter County, Arkansas in Baxter County, Arkansas Independence Township, Lee County, Arkansas in Lee County, Arkansas Independence Township, Marion County, Arkansas in Marion County, Arkansas Illinois Independence Township, Saline County, Illinois Iowa Independence Township, Appanoose County, Iowa Independence Township, Hamilton County, Iowa in Hamilton County, Iowa Independence Township, Jasper County, Iowa in Jasper County, Iowa Independence Township, Palo Alto County, Iowa in Palo Alto County, Iowa Kansas Independence Township, Doniphan County, Kansas in Doniphan County, Kansas Independence Township, Montgomery County, Kansas in Montgomery County, Kansas Independence Township, Osborne County, Kansas in Osborne County, Kansas Independence Township, Washington County, Kansas in Washington County, Kansas Michigan Independence Township, Michigan Missouri Independence Township, Dunklin County, Missouri in Dunklin County, Missouri Independence Township, Macon County, Missouri in Macon County, Missouri Independence Township, Nodaway County, Missouri in Nodaway County, Missouri Independence Township, Schuyler County, Missouri in Schuyler County, Missouri Ohio Independence Township, Washington County, Ohio New Jersey Independence Township, New Jersey Pennsylvania Independence Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania Independence Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania South Dakota Independence Township, Day County, South Dakota in Day County, South Dakota Independence Township, Douglas County, South Dakota in Douglas County, South Dakota See also Independent Township disambiguation geodis Category Township name disambiguation pages de Independence Township ... more details
USS Independence may refer to USS Independence 1776 brig was a brigantine built at Kingston, Massachusetts in mid 1776. The brig served in the Massachusetts State Navy and cruised off New England until captured by the Royal Navy in early 1777. USS Independence 1776 sloop USS Independence 1776 sloop was a 10 gun sloop commissioned in September 1776 and wrecked in 1778 USS Independence 1814 was the first ship of the line in the Navy, launched 22 June 1814 and finally used as a receiving ship until being decommissioned 3 November 1912 USS Independence SP 3676 was a steamer commissioned 16 November 1918 and decommissioned 20 March 1919. She was later renamed Neville and used in World War II USS Independence CVL 22 , was a light aircraft carrier , launched 22 August 1942 decommissioned 28 August 1946 and sunk during weapon testing 29 January 1951 USS Independence CVA 62 , was an aircraft carrier commissioned in 1959 and decommissioned in 1998 USS Independence LCS 2 is a Littoral Combat Ship commissioned in January 2010 Shipindex DEFAULTSORT Independence, Uss Category United States Navy ship names de USS Independence es USS Independence nl USS Independence no USS Independence pl USS Independence sl USS Independence vi USS Independence ... more details
Independence Park may refer to Independence Park Charlotte, North Carolina , a park in Charlotte, North Carolina Independence Park Jamaica , a stadium in Kingston, Jamaica Independence National Historical Park , a national park in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Independence Park, South Korea , a List of parks in Seoul park in Seoul , South Korea Tel Aviv Independence Park, Tel Aviv is a public park in Tel Aviv, Israel disambig ... more details
In the mathematical theory of free probability , the notion of free independence was introduced by Dan Voiculescu mathematician Dan Voiculescu ref D. Voiculescu, K. Dykema, A. Nica, Free Random Variables , CIRM Monograph Series, AMS, Providence, RI, 1992 ref . The definition of free independence is parallel to the classical definition of independence probability independence , except that the role of Cartesian products of measure space s corresponding to tensor product s of their function algebras is played by the notion of a free product of non commutative probability spaces. In the context of Voiculescu s free probability theory, many classical probability theorems or phenomena have free probability analogs the same theorem or phenomenon holds perhaps with slight modifications if the classical notion of independence is replaced by free independence. Examples of this include the free central limit theorem notions of free convolution existence of free stochastic calculus and so on. Let math A, phi math be a non commutative probability space, i.e. a unital algebra math A math over math mathbb C math equipped with a unital linear functional math phi A to mathbb C math . As an example, one could take, for a probability measure math mu math , math A L infty mathbb R , mu , phi f int f t ,d mu t . math Another example may be math A M N math , the algebra of math N times N math matrices with the functional given by the normalized trace math phi frac 1 N Tr math . Even more generally, math A math could be a von Neumann algebra and math phi math a state on math A math . A final example is the group algebra math A mathbb C Gamma math of a discrete Group mathematics group math Gamma math with the functional math phi math given by the group trace math phi g delta g e ,g in Gamma math . Let math A i i in I math be a family of unital subalgebras of math A math . Definition . The family ... generated by math 1 math and math X i math are freely independent. Examples of free independence Let ... more details
Medal of Independence may refer to Cross of Independence Krzy Niepodleg o ci , one of the highest Polish military decorations between World Wars I and II. Fijian Independence Medal see Fijian honours system . Philippine Independence Medal , a Philippine military decoration awarded to military personnel who had participated in World War II. Medal of Independence Turkey stiklal Madalyas , a Turkish military decoration awarded to military personnel and civilians who had made important contributions to the country during the Turkish War of Independence. Medal of Independence Vietnam , one of the highest Vietnamese decorations since 1947. Zimbabwean Independence Medal, 1980 . disambig vi Hu n ch ng c l p ... more details
There are many squares in the world named Independence Square , such as Harry S. Truman, in the center of the Independence Square, Independence, MO US Malta s capital, Valletta contains such a square, outside St. Paul s Pro Cathedral . For Montevideo s main square, see Plaza Independencia Dataran Merdeka , Kuala Lumpur s very own Independence Square landmark. For the main square in Kiev made famous in the Orange Revolution see Maidan Nezalezhnosti For the square in Sofia, Bulgaria, see Largo, Sofia For the square in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, see Mustaqillik Maydoni For the square in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago see Independence Square Port of Spain For the park in Basseterre , Saint Kitts and Nevis see Independence Square Basseterre Independence Square in Colombo see Independence Square, Colombo Independence Square in Santos, Brazil Independence Square by Independence Hall United States in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Independence Square Ghana formerly known as the Black Star Square by Independence Arch Accra in Accra, Ghana Plaza de La Independencia in Quito, Ecuador See also Green Square, Tripoli , Libya prior to Moammar Gaddafi s coup d tat in 1969 known as Independence Square, as of the 2011 Libyan cival war also known as Martyr s Square Disambig be ka ru zh ... more details
POV date February 2012 Use dmy dates date January 2012 Politics of Scotland Scottish independence lang ... and individuals for Scotland , which is a country of the United Kingdom , to become an independence independent sovereign state . Supporters of Scottish independence claim that Scotland s inability to fully ... of Scottish interests to remain in the United Kingdom. Those who oppose Scottish independence and endorse ... identity . The Scottish Government has expressed its intention to hold an Scottish independence referendum, 2014 independence referendum in late 2014. ref name BBC cite news url http www.bbc.co.uk news uk scotland 16478121 title Scotland to hold independence poll in 2014 Salmond date 10 January 2012 ... began to be raised, but support for full independence remained limited. The home rule movement for a Scottish ... by World War I and subsequently became overshadowed by the Easter Rising and Irish War of Independence ... National League formed as a body primarily based in London seeking Scottish independence, largely ... only home rule but later changed to supporting independence. At first, the SNP did not support all out independence for Scotland, but rather the establishment of a devolved Scottish Assembly ... independence, and the Scottish Party who were devolutionists. However, the SNP quickly reverted to the original NPS stance of supporting full independence for Scotland. The interwar period proved ... Commission for Racial Equality accessdate 21 June 2007 ref The concept of full independence, or less ... news.scotsman.com topics.cfm?tid 51&id 77422007 title Scottish independence publisher News.scotsman.com ... further invigorated the debate over Scottish independence. ref name bbchistory2 cite web url ... who saw devolution as a stepping stone to independence and those who feared it might actually detract ... thumb left Debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament Supporters of Scottish independence continued ... stone to independence, while others wanted to go straight for independence. ref cite news url http ... more details
An independence referendum is a type of referendum in which the citizens of a territory country subdivision territory decide whether the territory should become an Independence independent country . The independence referendum is considered successful if the citizens vote in favor of independence or unsuccessful if they do not. A successful independence referendum may or may not result in independence .... Former successful independence referendums 1905 Norwegian union dissolution referendum, 1905 ref cite ... led to independence from Denmark on 17 June 1944 1946 Faroese independence referendum, 1946 1946 Faroese referendum after this referendum, the Faroe Islands declared independence on 18 September ..., Guinea opted for immediate independence from France, and the independence was proclaimed on October 2, 1958. 1990 Slovenian independence referendum, 1990 1990 Slovenian independence referendum , led to independence of Slovenia . In Tatarstan the Tatars declared independence on 30 August 1990 however, this declaration was annulled by Russia. 1991 Croatian independence referendum, 1991 1991 Croatian independence referendum , led to independence of Croatia . Macedonian independence referendum, 1991 1991 Macedonian independence referendum , led to independence of the Republic of Macedonia . Ukrainian independence referendum, 1991 1991 Ukraine independence referendum , led to independence of Ukraine . Georgian independence referendum, 1991 , led to independence of Georgia country Georgia . Transnistrian referendum, 1991 , led to de facto independence of Transnistria . 1992 History of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992 Bosnian independence referendum , led to independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina . History of South Ossetia South Ossetian independence referendum, 1992 , led to de facto independence of South Ossetia . 1993 History of Eritrea Eritrean independence referendum, 1993 , led to independence ... independent status. 1999 East Timorese independence referendum, 1999 1999 East Timor referendum , UN ... more details
Independence of Lithuania can refer to The Act of Independence of Lithuania of February 16, 1918 Proclamation of the Provisional Government of Lithuania of June 23, 1941 The Act of the Re Establishment of the State of Lithuania of March 11, 1990 disambig ... more details
Cleanup date January 2008 Unreferenced date December 2009 Data independence is the type of data transparency that matters for a centralized Database management system DBMS . It refers to the immunity of user application software applications to make changes in the definition and organization of data. Physical data independence deals with hiding the details of the storage structure from user applications. The application should not be involved with these issues, since there is no difference in the operation carried out against the data. The data independence and operation independence together gives the feature of data abstraction. There are two levels of data independence. First level The logical ... not be affected later when new attributes are added to the same relation. Logical data independence ... independence deals with hiding the details of the storage structure from user applications. The application ... carried out against the data. There are two types of data independence Logical data independence ... View is called logical data independence. For example, the addition or removal of new entities, attributes ... external schemas or having to rewrite existing application programs. Physical data independence ... independence. For example, a change to the internal schema, such as using different file organization ... to change the conceptual or external schemas. View level data independence always independent no effect, because there doesn t exist any other level above view level. Data Independence Types Data independence has two types Physical Independence Logical Independence. Data independence can be explained ... of the architecture. Physical Independence The logical scheme stays unchanged even though the storage ... were reorganized here. Physical data independence is present in most databases and file environment ... from user. Logical Independence The external scheme may stay unchanged for most changes ... Data Independence Category Data management Database stub de Datenunabh ngigkeit ... more details
Image Independence fjord.svg thumb 250px right Areas of Independence I and Independence II cultures around Independence Fjord Independence Fjord is a large fjord in the eastern part of northern Greenland . It is about convert 200 km mi abbr on long and up to convert 30 km mi abbr on wide. Its mouth, opening to Wandel Sea of the Arctic Ocean is located at coord 82 15 N 21 54 W . J rgen Br nlund Fjord is a smaller fjord branching northwest from Independence Fjord. In the area around the fjord are traces of two paleo Eskimo cultures known as Independence I culture and Independence II culture . History The area has been the subject of research since the beginning of the 20th century. The first notable research results about traces of human settlement have been published in 1911 by Christian Bendix Thostrup as Ethnographic Description of the Eskimo Settlements and Stone Remains in North East Greenland . Pre history North of the fjord, in southern Peary Land , there are remains of dwellings with elliptical floor plan, built by Early Paleoeskimo Independence I culture. These people used tools made from rocks and bones, and subsisted from hunting wildlife like musk ox en and arctic hare s. Bones of musk oxen hunted down in Peary Land show that the area was inhabited at 2000 B.C. The oldest ... were mostly made south of Independence Fjord. It is unknown whether the Independence I culture vanished ... to the Independence II culture. Initially, Independence I and Independence II had been regarded as the same ... dwelling constructions, and differences in other artefacts. The residential dwellings of Independence ..., the people of Independence II also settled south of Independence Fjord. In both cases it is unclear ... sw18660.asp Nationalmuseet Independence I Culture http www.natmus.dk sw18650.asp Nationalmuseet Independence II Culture Category Fjords of Greenland Independence Fjord Category Archaeological sites in Greenland de Independence Fjord it Independence Fjord ... more details
other uses2 Independence Mall This article is about a commercial retail center in Independence, Missouri. For the arena also in Independence, see Independence Events Center . For the not for profit agency in St. Louis, Missouri, see Independence Center St. Louis . infobox shopping mall shopping mall name Independence Center image caption location Independence, Missouri , United States USA opening date 1974 developer manager owner Simon Property Group number of stores 120 number of anchors 3 floor area 1,032,000 sf floors 2 website http www.simon.com mall default.aspx?ID 176 Official web site parking Independence Center is a convert 1,032,000 sqft adj on super regional shopping mall located in Independence, Missouri . The mall opened in 1974. Its three department stores were Macy s , Sears and Stix, Baer & Fuller . The mall featured a unique three level, convert 60 ft m adj mid tall central atrium, with a series of ramps and stair risers traversing the expanse of open space. In the center ..., the mall s advertising carried the memorable slogan Independence Center The I has it. Independence Center even featured an enormous flashing advertising marquee which stood along I 70. Independence ..., it sold the Independence Center location to Mercantile Stores, then the parent company of The Jones Store Co. In 1994, Independence Center was purchased by Simon Property Group. In 1996, the mall ... court. Also in 1998, a large children s play area was added. In 2004, Independence Center saw another .... Independence Center is the third largest mall in the KC Metro Area, behind Oak Park Mall and Metro North Mall . With 12 million annual visitors, Independence Center has constantly been named the most visited attraction in Independence, Missouri . Department stores and other tenants earn their highest sales in the Independence area at Independence Center. Anchors Dillard s 174,500 sq ft. originally ... Shopping malls in Missouri Category Buildings and structures in Independence, Missouri Missouri struct ... more details
Greenlandic independence is a political ambition of political parties , advocacy groups , and individuals for Greenland , an Autonomous area autonomous constituent country country within the Denmark Kingdom of Denmark , to become an independence independent sovereign state . Current situation Greenland s current prime minister, Kuupik Kleist , has repeatedly expressed the need to diversify Greenland s economy, which is presently mainly relying on fishery and tourism. Economic stability is seen as a basis for full political independence from Denmark. With Greenland having moved towards independence with the self government referendum in 2008, some campaigners have touted the year 2021 the 300th anniversary of Danish colonial rule as a date for potential independence. ref cite web last McSmith first Andy url http www.independent.co.uk news world europe the big question is greenland ready for independence and what would it mean for its people 1036735.html title The Big Question Is Greenland ready for independence, and what would it mean for its people? work The Independent date 27 November 2008 ref See also Politics of Greenland for a general overview of the political climate in Greenland. Greenlandic self government referendum, 2008 for recent discussions on the status of Greenland s autonomy. Greenland European Union relations for an overview of Greenland EU relations. References Reflist Category Politics of Greenland Independence Category Independence movements Greenland stub ... more details
Independence war may refer to War of independence I War Independence War , a 1997 space combat simulator disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Irish independence may refer to Irish War of Independence a guerrilla war fought between the Irish Republican Army, under the Irish Republic , and the United Kingdom Anglo Irish Treaty the treaty that brought the Irish War of Independence to a close Irish Free State the state that seceded from the United Kingdom following the Anglo Irish Treaty See also Irish nationalism Irish republicanism United Ireland disambig ... more details
The expression Intifada of Independence in lang ar , transl ar Unicode intif atu l istiql l can refer to a number of uprisings in the Arab world intifada means uprising or rebellion The Lebanese protests against the Syrian occupation of Lebanon, also known as the Cedar Revolution . Riots in Western Sahara, also known as the Independence Intifada Western Sahara Independence Intifada in Polisario related circles. disambig ... more details
2012 About the type of document the short film Declaration of Independence film A declaration of independence is an assertion of the independence of an aspiring Sovereign state state or states. Such places ... or failed nation, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. Not all declarations of independence are successful and result in independence for these regions. Fact date April 2012 Such declarations ... unilateral declarations of independence UDIs , particularly by those who question the declarations validity. Fact date April 2012 List of declarations of independence class wikitable sortable Region ... Declaration of Independence November 28 1912 Ottoman Empire United Provinces of South America br small present day Argentina , Uruguay and Bolivia small Argentine Declaration of Independence July ... , Javad Malik Yeganov , Mustafa Mahmudov . Ottoman Empire Azawad Azawad Declaration of Independence ... of Independence March 26 1971 Pakistan Bhutan Belarus Belavezha Accords December 8 1991 Soviet Union Presidents of Russia , Ukraine and Belarus Turkey Belgium Belgian Declaration of Independence ... of Independence March 1 1992 Yugoslavia Bulgaria Brazil Brazilian declaration of independence September 7 1822 Portugal Pedro I of Brazil United States Bulgaria Bulgarian Declaration of Independence ... of Independence October 25 2008 Ukraine Congress of Carpathian Ruthenians Catalonia Declaration ... Central American declarations of independence September 15 1821 Spain Chile Chilean Declaration of Independence February 12 1818 Spain National Congress Portugal Colombia Colombian Declaration of Independence July 20 1810 Spain Croatia Croatian Declaration of Independence June 25 1991 Yugoslavia Iceland Dominican Republic Dominican Declaration of Independence February 27 1844 Haiti United Kingdom East Timor East Timorese declaration of independence November 28 1975 Portugal Morocco Egypt Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence February 28 1922 United Kingdom Unilateral grant of independence ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
