An indicator species is any biological species that defines a trait or wikt characteristic characteristic of the environment. For example, a species may delineate an ecoregion or indicate an Environmental science environmental condition such as a disease outbreak, pollution , species competition or climate change. Indicator species can be among the most sensitive species in a region, and sometimes act as an early warning to monitoring biologists. Indicators of environmental condition See also bioindicator biosurvey Indicator species are also known as sentinel organisms, i.e. organisms which are ideal for biomonitoring. Organisms such as oysters and mussels have been extensively used as biomonitors in marine and estuarine environments. For example, the Mussel Watch programme is a world wide project using mussels to assess environmental impacts on coastal waters. Their well documented feeding habits, stationary condition and their role as integral parts of the food chain are some of the main ... 7 alternative definitions of indicator species a species whose presence indicates the presence of a set ... abiotic conditions such as air or water pollution often called a pollution indicator species a dominant ... thought to be sensitive to and therefore to serve as an early warning indicator of environmental ... indicator species, which is a species that reflects the effects of a disturbance regime ... in ecological processes. Indicator Species for Ancient Woodland in England Indicator species ... prospecting for uranium Ecological indicator Environmental indicatorIndicator plant Indicator value References Refbegin Cite book last1 Farr first1 Daniel authorlink title Indicator Species year 2002 ... 2009 09 14 issue 4 Cite book last1 Shrivastava first1 Rahul authorlink title Indicator Species ... www.marietta.edu biol biomes troprain.htm Indicator Plant Indicator Animal species marietta.edu&mdash ... Canary Database Index modelling ecosystems expanded other DEFAULTSORT Indicator Species Category Indicator ... more details
, physics . Probe indicator Image DialTestIndicator2050 08.jpg thumb 200px 0.01 20 mm dial indicator ... from the indicator s body. The dial face can be rotated to any position, this is used to orient ... arm available that will allow the indicator s probe to be retracted easily. Dial test indicator Image FingerTestIndicator513 404.jpg thumb 200px Dial test indicator A dial test indicator , also known as a lever arm test indicator or finger indicator , has a smaller measuring range than a standard dial indicator and therefore has the ability to measure in smaller increments. A test indicator .... Digital indicator With the advent of electronics and LCD s, the clock face dial and analog display ... or web browser and then typing the results. Another advantage is that many models of digital indicator ... point is not the same length as the one that is designed for the indicator, an offset is required ... dialindicator.html woodworking applications http www.stefanelli.eng.br webpage en dial indicator millimeter graduation 01 mm simulator.html Simulator dial indicator in millimeter with graduation ... more details
the species in a specific manner. In other words, Heinz Ellenberg Ellenberg indicator values EIV ... the Indicator Value To calculate the indicator value of a given species, the equation IndVal sub ... medium pollution, and Zone 3 light pollution if one is to set up zones to obtain an indicator value ... V., Werner W., Paulisen D. Zeigerwerte von Pflanzen in Mitteleuropa Indicator values of plants in Central ... assemblages and indicator species The need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecological Monographs .... Moretti. 2010. Improving indicator species analysis by combining groups of sites. OIKOS 119 1674 1684. DEFAULTSORT Indicator Value Category Measurement of biodiversity nl Ellenberggetal ... more details
A complexometric indicator is an ionochromism ionochromic dye that undergoes a definite color change in presence of specific metal ion s. ref name isbn0 416 19290 4 cite book author Flaschka, H. Schwarzenbach, G. Schwarzenbach, Gerold title Complexometric titrations publisher Methuen location London year 1969 pages isbn 0 416 19290 4 oclc doi accessdate ref It forms a weak complex chemistry complex with the ions present in the solution, which has a significantly different color from the form existing outside the complex. Complexometric indicators are also known as pM indicators. ref name isbn1 898563 47 0 cite book author M. A. Malati title Experimental Inorganic Physical Chemistry An Investigative, Integrated Approach to Practical Project Work Horwood Series in Chemical Science publisher Albion Horwood Pub location year 1999 page 20 isbn 1 898563 47 0 oclc doi accessdate ref Complexometric titration In analytical chemistry , complexometric indicator s are used in complexometric titration to indicate the exact moment when all the metal ions in the solution are sequestered by a chelating agent most usually EDTA . Such indicators are also called metallochromic indicators . The indicator may be present in another liquid phase in equilibrium with the titrated phase, the indicator is described as extraction indicator . Some complexometric indicators are sensitive to air and are destroyed. When such solution loses color during titration, a drop or two of fresh indicator may have to be added. Examples Prose date March 2011 Complexometric indicators are water soluble organic molecules. Some examples are Eriochrome Black T for calcium , magnesium and aluminium Xylenol orange for gallium , indium and scandium Methyl calcein blue Murexide Fast Sulphon Black Eriochrome Red B Calcein Calcon Eriochrome blue black B Eriochrome blue SE Hydroxynaphthol blue Methylthymol blue Phthalein ..., a redox indicator can function as a complexometric indicator. References reflist Category Analytical ... more details
dablink This article is about a concept in computing. See also the Genuine Progress Indicator metric in economics. A progress indicator is an element of a command line interface , a text user interface textual user interface , or a graphical user interface that is intended to inform the user that an operation is in progress, to reassure that the system is not hung or waiting for user input, and often to provide the user with an estimate of how far through a task the system has progressed. Examples of progress indicators The progress bar . The throbber . The splash screen . The hourglass pointer graphical user interfaces pointer . The spinning wait cursor . A textual percentage , common in Command line interface CLI applications References cite web url http time tripper.com. uipatterns Progress Indicator title Progress indicators work UI Patterns and Techniques accessdate 2005 12 21 Further reading cite web url http developer.apple.com library mac documentation UserExperience Conceptual AppleHIGuidelines XHIGControls XHIGControls.html apple ref doc uid TP30000359 TPXREF208 title Indicators work Apple Developer Connection accessdate 2011 01 10 &mdash the Apple Computer Apple Human Interface Guidelines for progress indicators cite web url http developer.gnome.org. projects gup hig 2.0 controls progress bars.html title Progress Bars work GNOME Human Interface Guidelines accessdate 2005 12 21 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060406185059 http developer.gnome.org projects gup hig 2.0 controls progress bars.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2006 04 06 cite web url http developer.gnome.org. projects gup hig 2.0 windows progress.html title Progress Windows work GNOME Human Interface Guidelines accessdate 2005 12 21 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060222020242 http ... 02 22 cite web url http msdn.microsoft.com msdnmag issues 03 01 CQA title Progress Indicator in the Status ... a progress indicator in the status bar of an application using Microsoft Foundation Classes MFC Category ... more details
A bicarbonate indicator hydrogencarbonate indicator is a pH indicator sensitive enough to show a colour change as the concentration of carbon dioxide gas increases. The indicator is used in photosynthesis and respiration experiments to find out whether carbon dioxide is being liberated. It is also used to test the carbon dioxide content during gaseous exchange of organisms. When the carbon dioxide content is higher than 0.04 , the initial red colour changes to yellow as the pH becomes more acidic. If the carbon dioxide content is lower than 0.04 , it changes from red to purple. Carbon dioxide, even in the concentrations found in exhaled air, will dissolve in the indicator to form a weak carbonic acid, which will lower the pH and therefore give the characteristic colour change. A colour change to purple during photosynthesis shows a reduction in the percentage of carbon dioxide and is sometimes inferred as production of oxygen, but is not actually direct evidence for it. Great care must be taken to avoid acidic or alkaline contamination of the apparatus in such experiments, since the test is not directly specific to carbon dioxide. Composition This solution is prepared in two separate solutions A and B respectively Solution A This solution consists of 0.02 g of thymol blue, 0.01 g cresol red and 2 mL of ethanol Solution B This solution consists of 0.8 g of sodium bicarbonate, 7.48 g of potassium chloride and 90 mL of water Working solution is prepared by mixing 9 mL of A B in 1000 mL of distilled water. References Chatterjee, Sananda. A chemical Analyser s guide , p. 111. See also Bicarbonate Carbon dioxide Category PH indicators analytical chem stub zh ... more details
lowercase title pH indicator Acids and bases A pH indicator is a halochromism halochromic chemical chemical ... chemistry basicity of the solution can be determined visually. Hence a pH indicator is a chemical ... theories Arrhenius model . Normally, the indicator causes the colour of the solution to change depending ..., pH indicators form one of the three main types of indicator compounds used in chemical analysis. For the quantitative analysis of metal cations, the use of complexometric indicator s is preferred, whereas the third compound class, the redox indicator s, are used in titrations involving a redox ... acids or weak bases. The general reaction scheme of a pH indicator can be formulated as follows ... sup sup for the conjugate base of the indicator. It is the ratio of these that determines the color ... equals the pKa value of the indicator, both species are present in 1 1 ratio. If pH is above the pKa ... scale due to undesired side reactions. Application Image PH indicator paper.jpg thumb 150px pH measurement with indicator paper. pH indicators are frequently employed in titration s in analytical .... These commercial indicators e.g., universal indicator and Hydrion paper s are used when only rough ... depending on the concentration of the indicator in the solution and on the temperature at which it is used. class wikitable border 1 cellpadding 2 Indicator Low pH color Transition pH range High ... titrations, an unfitting pH indicator may induce a color change in the indicator containing solution ... can be concluded based on the pH indicator used. This is because the slightest color change of the indicator ... suitable pH indicator has an effective pH range, where the change in color is apparent, that encompasses ... from household plants, especially red cabbage , to form a crude pH indicator is a popular ... available, is a naturally occurring pH indicator made from a mixture of lichen species, particularly .... As a result, the flowers remain pink. class wikitable border 1 cellpadding 2 Indicator Low pH color ... more details
Multiple issues coi January 2010 primarysources January 2010 The vortex indicator is a technical indicator ... . The Vortex Indicator . Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities 28 1 , p. 21. ref Inspiration The vortex indicator was inspired by the work of an Austrian inventor, Viktor Schauberger , who studied ... indicator was also partly inspired by J. Welles Wilder s concept of directional movement, which ... The Vortex Indicator The greater the distance between the low of a price bar and the subsequent bar ... should focus on the key trend change points of the vortex indicator i.e. the crossing points ... of the price bar that corresponds with a crossing of the Vortex Indicator. ref Botes, Etienne & Siepman, Douglas January 2010 . The Vortex Indicator . Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities 28 1 , p. 25. ref multiple image direction vertical width 500 image1 14 Period Daily Vortex Indicator for Crude Oil.jpg caption1 14 period daily vortex indicator When VI is greater than VI , it indicates that the market ... SUM VM21 and SUM VM21 respectively with the SUM TR21 to obtain the vortex indicator SUM VM21 ... graphically to represent the two lines of the vortex indicator. Practical application The vortex indicator is simple to use as the only required inputs are the high, low and close of a price bar. Traders may use the vortex indicator on its own, in combination with other technical indicators to confirm a change of trend or as part of a larger trading system. In addition, the vortex indicator ..., hourly or weekly charts parameter such as 13, 21 or 34 periods The inventors of the vortex indicator ... of 34 or 55 periods. Because of its universal applicability, the vortex indicator is suitable ... trends within a market. Coding and strategies The vortex indicator is available on most charting ... with the Vortex Indicator, including the implementation of a trailing stop ref cite web ... INDICATOR author Mills, Mark date January 2010 publisher TradeStation Securities, Inc accessdate ... more details
A fault indicator is a device which provides visual or remote indication of a Fault power engineering fault on the electric power system. Also called a faulted circuit indicator FCI , the device is used in electric power distribution networks as a means of automatically detecting and identifying Fault power engineering faults to reduce outage time. Overhead indicators are used to visualize the occurrence of an electrical fault on an overhead electrical system. Underground indicators locate faults on an underground system. Often these devices are located in an underground vault. Some fault indicators communicate back to a central location using radio or cellular signals. Basic principles During an electrical fault on a grounded system, additional current flows through a conductor, which is picked up by the fault indicator causing a state change on the mechanical target flag, LED , or remote indication device. Ground fault indicators for ungrounded systems sense the vector sum of the current and look for an imbalance indicating a fault on one or more of the three phases. High voltage Fuse electrical fuses commonly drop down after operating, making it obvious where the fault is. History The first fault indicators came onto the market from Horstmann Germany in 1946. The E.O. Schweitzer Manufacturing Company now a division of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. introduced a product in the U.S.A in 1948. The first fault indicators were manual reset devices. Later fault indicators automatically reset on system restoration or after a set period of time. More recent fault indicators communicate their status tripped or reset via cell signal or radio to a central station, handheld device, or pole mounted receiver. Recent developments include a remotely programmable overhead line indicator, fault indication for paper insulated lead cable, and an overhead fault indicator for mesh ... EMG fault indicator systems http www.powergrid asia.com index.html EMG PGC fault indicator ... more details
In telecommunication , the term routing indicator RI has the following meanings In a message header information technology header , an Network address address , i.e., group of characters, that specifies routing instructions for the transmission telecommunications transmission of the message to its final destination. A Routing Indicator is a group of letters assigned to identify a station within a tape relay network to facilitate routing of traffic. It indicates the status of the station and may indicate its geographical area. The following factors are reflected in routing indicator assignment a National or international affiliation and service when required of the station. b The geographical area in which the station is located or area from which it is served. c Network status of the station, i.e., major or minor relay, or tributary stations. Routing indicators consist of not less than four, and not more than seven letters, including suffixes. The intent of allocated letters and of letter position is as follows First Letter The letter R or the letter Q appears as the first letter and distinguishes strategic world wide routing indicators from call signs, address groups and theater routing indicators. Second Letter this letter, in conjunction with the first letter,identifies the nation or international alliance to which allotted. Third Letter This letter position serves the following purposes Normally identifies the geographical area in which a station is located or from which it is served. Exceptionally, may be used by nations or international alliances irrespective of geographical area for specific alternative purposes, such as when the capacity of assigned second letters is insufficient to meet the requirement, or when more than one geographical area is involved as in the case of a tributary actively connected to two different major relay stations. In conjunction with the second ... letters of a major relay routing indicator, designate the minor relay or tributary stations ... more details
A Battery indicator is a device which gives information about a Battery electricity battery . This will usually be a visual indication of the battery s state of charge . It is particularly important in the case of a battery electric vehicle . Automobiles File 66ChargerDash.jpg thumb 1966 Dodge Charger dashboard, note ammeter marked Alternator Some automobile s are fitted with a battery condition meter to monitor the Car battery starter battery . This meter is, essentially, a voltmeter but it may also be marked with coloured zones for easy visualisation. Many newer cars no longer offer voltmeters or ammeters instead, these vehicles typically have a light with the outline of an automotive battery on it. This can be somewhat misleading as it may be confused for an indicator of a bad battery when in reality it indicates a problem with the vehicle s charging system. Alternatively, an ammeter may be fitted. This indicates whether the battery is being charged or discharged. In the picture on the right, the ammeter is marked Alternator and the symbols are C charge and D discharge . Click on the picture to enlarge it. Both ammeter s and voltmeter s individually or together can be used to assess the operating state of an aumobile battery and charging system. Electronic devices A battery indicator is a feature of many electronic devices. In mobile phone s, the battery indicator usually takes the form of a bar graph the more bars that are showing, the better the battery s state of charge. Computers Computers may give a signal to users that an internal standby battery needs replacement. Portable computers using rechargeable batteries gernally give the user some indication of the remaining operating time left on the battery. A Smart Battery System uses a controller integrated with an interchangeable battery pack to provide a more accurate indication of the state of battery charge. See also Battery Management System Smart Battery Data State Of Health Category Battery electricity Category ... more details
Odom s indicator is a device used for locating the epidural space in regional anaesthsia. ref cite journal author Brooks W title An epidural indicator journal Anaesthesia journal Anaesthesia volume 12 issue 2 pages 227&ndash 228 month April year 1957 pmid 13424994 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2044.1957.tb03619.x ref The device works on Dogliotti s principle ref cite journal author Ikl A title Preliminary report of new technique for epidural anaesthesia. journal British Journal of Anaesthesia volume 22 issue 3 pages 150&ndash 155 month July year 1950 pmid 15426701 doi 10.1093 bja 22.3.150 ref by finding an area of decreased resistance to injection. It was originally designed on the assumption that the pressure in the epidural space was Pressure Negative pressures negative . This device is no longer popular and alternative methods e.g. loss of resistance to saline, loss of resistance to air are now used. See also Epidural The Procedure Epidural procedure , which contains additional information on identification of the epidural space References reflist br br Anesthesia Category Anesthetic equipment medical equipment stub ... more details
Starch is often used in chemistry as an Redox indicatorindicator for redox titration s where triiodide is present. Starch forms a very dark blue black complex chemistry complex with triiodide which can be made by mixing iodine with iodide often from potassium iodide . However, the complex is not formed if only iodine or only iodide I sup sup is present. The colour of the starch complex is so deep, that it can be detected visually when the concentration of the iodine is as low as 0.00002 M at 20 C. The colour sensitivity decreases with increasing temperature ten times less sensitive at 50 C , and upon the addition of organic solvents such as ethanol or propanone. During iodine titrations, concentrated iodine solutions must be reacted with some titrant, often thiosulfate , in order to remove most of the iodine before the starch is added. This is due to the insolubility of the starch iodine complex which may prevent some of the iodine reacting with the titrant. Close to the end point, the starch is added, and the titration process is resumed taking into account the amount of thiosulfate added before adding the starch. To prepare starch indicator solution, add 1 gram of starch either corn or potato into 10 mL of distilled water, shake well, and pour into 100 mL of boiling, distilled water. Stir thoroughly and boil for a 1 minute. Leave to cool down. If the precipitate forms, decant the supernatant and use as the indicator solution. To make solution long lasting add a pinch of mercury iodide or salicylic acid, otherwise it can spoil after a few days. See also Iodine test Iodometry How does starch indicate iodine? What properties of starch given its chemical structure allow it to be used as an indicator? Davender Khera, Yale University When starch is mixed with iodine in water, an intensely colored starch iodine complex is formed. Many of the details of the reaction are still ... redox indicator when there is excess oxidizing agent, the complex is blue when there is excess reducing ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A redox indicator also called an oxidation reduction indicator is an indicator that undergoes a definite color change at a specific electrode potential . The requirement for fast and reversible color change means that the oxidation reduction Chemical equilibrium equilibrium for an indicator redox system needs to be established very fast. Therefore only a few classes of organic redox systems can be used for indicator purposes. There are two common type of redox indicators metal organic complexes Ex. phenanthroline true organic redox system s Ex. Methylene blue Sometimes colored inorganic oxidant s or reductant s Ex. Potassium manganate , Potassium dichromate are also incorrectly called redox indicators. They can t be classified as true redox indicators because of their irreversibility . Almost all redox indicators with true organic redox system s involve a proton as a participant in their electrochemical reaction. Therefore sometimes redox indicators are also divided into two general groups independent or dependent on pH . pH independent redox indicators border 1 Indicator E sup 0 sup , V Color of Oxidized form Color of Reduced form 2,2 bipyridine Ru complex align center 1.33 V align center bgcolor white colorless align center bgcolor yellow yellow Nitro phenanthroline Fe complex align center 1.25 V align center bgcolor cyan cyan align center bgcolor red red N Phenylanthranilic acid align center 1.08 V align center bgcolor violet violet red align center bgcolor white colorless 1,10 Phenanthroline Fe complex align center 1.06 V align center bgcolor cyan cyan align center bgcolor red red N Ethoxychrysoidine align center 1.00 V align center bgcolor ... redox indicators border 1 Indicator E sup 0 sup , V at pH 0 E sup 0 sup , V at pH 7 Color of Oxidized ... red red align center bgcolor white colorless See also pH indicator DEFAULTSORT Redox Indicator ... r dox it Indicatore chimica Indicatori di ossido riduzione ja pt Indicador redox ro Indicator ... more details
refimprove date August 2010 Image C172 heading indicator.jpg thumb right A heading indicator in a light aircraft small aircraft . The heading indicator also called an HI is a flight instrument used in an aircraft to inform the aviator pilot of the aircraft s aircraft heading heading . It is sometimes referred to by its older names, the directional gyro or DG , and also UK usage direction indicator or DI . ref name Bowditch Use The primary means of establishing the Course navigation Determining the true course of a vessel heading in most small aircraft is the magnetic compass , which, however, suffers from several types of errors, including that created by the dip or downward slope of the earth s magnetic field. Dip error causes the magnetic compass to read incorrectly whenever the aircraft is in a bank, or during acceleration, making it difficult to use in any flight condition other than perfectly straight and level. To remedy this, the pilot will typically maneuver the airplane with reference to the heading indicator, as the gyroscopic heading indicator HI is unaffected by dip and acceleration errors. The pilot will periodically reset the HI to the heading shown on the magnetic compass. ref name NASA NASA http asrs.arc.nasa.gov publications callback cb 304.htm NASA Callback Heading for Trouble , NASA Callback Safety Bulletin website, December 2005, No. 305. Retrieved August 29, 2010. ref ref name Bowditch Bowditch, Nathaniel. http books.google.com books?id M54M8qjxLQMC&pg PA93 American Practical Navigator , Paradise Cay Publications, 2002, pp.93 94, ISBN 9780939837540. ref ... wander in the gyroscope. Normal procedure is to realign the direction indicator once each ten to fifteen ... constantly corrects the heading indicator. ref name Bowditch These slaved gyros reduce pilot workload ... one to gauge whether an indicator is behaving as expected, and as such, is compared with the realignment ... Gyrocompass , a gyroscopic compass used on marine vessels Horizontal situation indicator Inertial navigation ... more details
A shock indicator is a mechanical device that detects and records mechanical shocks experienced by it. It is a common practice to attach shock indicators to expensive goods, that are to be shipped ref http www.shockwatch.com shipping handling monitors shipping video.php ref . This way, the magnitude and the time of shock is recorded and ensured that the delicate and expensive instruments are not mishandled during shipping. The shock indicator usually has a visual indicator when the shock threshold is reached or exceeded, in the form of a broken spring or a digital display. Introduction The shock indicator was invented to ensure safe shipment of expensive goods and to hold the right people liable for any damage caused during the process. As any other invention, this one too has undergone various stages of development. The earliest shock indicators were simple mechanical devices with a spring load assembly. The newer indicators, however, come integrated with a complex set of electronic circuits that detect, measure and record the shocks. There are many companies that make these indicators and these indicators are still a matter of active research. Spring Load assembly File Spring mass2.svg thumb 250px Hooke s law describes how far the spring will stretch with a specific force The spring load shock indicators involved a simple extensible spring with a load attached to it at one end. The spring constant was carefully chosen, based on the rigidity of the shipment material and the forces involved during the shocks. When these forces exceeded the limits, as set by the spring constant, the spring would either be broken or extended beyond its elastic limit. The law governing this relation is called the Hooke s law of elasticity. Mathematically, Hooke s law states that math mathbf F k mathbf x , math where x is the displacement vector displacement of the end of the spring from its ... counterparts ref http www.shockwatch.com shipping handling monitors impact indicator technical ... more details
of a true airspeed indicator typical for a faster single engine aircraft The airspeed indicator or airspeed ... unit knots , to the Aviator pilot . Use The airspeed indicator is used by the pilot during all ... flight rules instrument flight , the airspeed indicator is used in addition to the Artificial ... indicator is also used in dead reckoning , where time, speed, and bearing are used for navigation ... . Image 540 degree airspeed indicator from a glider.jpg left thumb A high sensitivity 540 degree airspeed indicator used in a Glider sailplane glider . The pointer swings past zero top , but the colored ... aircraft Airspeed indicator markings use a set of standardized colored bands and lines on the face ... FAA 8083 3A Fig 12 1.PNG thumb right Airspeed indicator markings for a light multiengine airplane. On large aircraft The airspeed indicator is especially important for monitoring V Speeds while operating ... limits, the pilot of a jet airplane needs both an airspeed indicator and a Machmeter , each with appropriate ... for indicated Mach number. An alternative single instrument is the maximum allowable airspeed indicator ... indicator on the primary flight data panel and a traditional mechanical instrument for use if the electronic ... airspeed indicator to represent the V speeds. Operation Image ASI operation FAA.png thumb left Airspeed indicator connections Along with the altimeter and vertical speed indicator , the airspeed indicator ... indicator The static ports are located on the exterior of the aircraft, at a location chosen to detect .... The airspeed indicator and altimeter will be rendered inoperative by blockage in the static system .... Variations Image LRI Meter.jpg thumb left Lift Reserve Indicator as installed The Lift Reserve Indicator LRI has been proposed as an alternative or backup to the Airspeed Indicator ASI during critical ... jets. The conventional Airspeed Indicator is less sensitive and less accurate as airspeed diminishes ... Indicator, article and photos by Sam Buchanan http home.hiwaay.net sbuc journal liftreserve.htm ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Indicator Island Coord 65 15 S 64 16 W display inline,title is an island 0.1 miles 0.2 km long, lying 0.1 miles 0.2 km west of the northwest end of Galindez Island in the Argentine Islands , Wilhelm Archipelago . Charted and named in 1935 by the British Graham Land Expedition BGLE under Rymill. A windsock was erected on this island by the BGLE to indicate wind direction for the expedition s airplane . See also List of antarctic and sub antarctic islands usgs gazetteer Category Islands of the Wilhelm Archipelago WilhelmArchipelago geo stub ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 Plant Indicator Definition Since a plant species or plant community acts as a measure of environmental conditions , it is referred to as biological indicators bioindicators phytoindicators . In the words, plant which indicate some very specific conditions of environment are called plant indicators . Example Indicators of potential productivity of land Forest serve as good indicators of land productivity. For example vegetative growth of trees like Quercus. marilandica, Q. stellata are comparatively poor on lowland or sterile sandy soil than the normal soil in which they grow under conditions. Indicators of climate Evergreen forests indicate high rainfall in winter as well as summer Sclerphyllous vegetation indicate heavy rainfall in winter & low during summer Grassland indicate heavy rains during summer & low during winter Xerophytic vegetation indicate a very low or no rainfall in the year . Indicators of soil & others soil characteristics Luxuriant abundant growth of some taller & deeply rooted grasses like Psoralea indicates a sandy loam type of soil , whereas ... . Lichen as ecological indicator I Indicators of radioactive particles A dead lichen thalii are capable ... in city also. Thus lichens are used as pollution monitors. Algae as ecological indicator i Ulva ... as ecological indicator i Fungi are used to monitor of oil pollution, Scolecobasidium, Mortierella ... 2 sub & H sub 2 sub O. Higher plants as ecological indicator i Medicago sativa grow in low SO sub 2 ... of indicator species however it is good practice to observe plant communities or consistent populations of indicator species rather than individual specimens which may not be typical. Perennial ... of indicator than annual weeds which may have only been there for that year and thus indicate a temporary ... plant to an indicator plant include grafting or sap transmission. However, ELISA testing, related serological ... November 2006 Category Indicator species ecology stub da Indikatorplante de Zeigerpflanze eo Indikplanto ... more details
to be able to use and compare indicator results on different scales local, regional, national and international ... it is unknown if trends in environmental change are strong or weak. Indicator measures can overlap ... Assessment Environmental ethics Environmental economics Indicator plants Indicator species 2010 Biodiversity Target Wastewater Quality Indicators Genuine Progress Indicator Key Success Indicator Sustainability ... more details
that system. An indicator has gone through a selection and or aggregation process to enable it to steer ... European Environment Agency ref Environmental indicator criteria and frameworks have been used to help ... Record NASA .svg thumb right 250px An example of an environmental indicator Trend in global temperature anomalies of the last 150 years as an indicator of climate change Environmental indicators are used ... Science year 2005 volume 62 pages 516 527 doi 10.1016 j.icesjms.2005.01.003 issue 3 ref Indicator systems ... quality . In contrast, indicator systems or collections of indicators , when seen as a whole are meant ... indicator systems have evolved to include many indicators and require a certain level of knowledge ... . Many prominent environmental indicator systems have adjusted their indicator systems to include or report solely on a limited indicator set e.g. the OECD s Key Environmental Indicators ... measurement Ecological indicator Notes div class references small references div References Empty ... environment indicators index en.htm Indicator page of the European Commission s DG Environment http ... Conference http earthtrends.wri.org Earth Trends DEFAULTSORT Environmental Indicator Category Environment ... more details
Image Indicator function illustration.png right thumb The graph of the indicator function of a two dimensional subset of a square. In mathematics , an indicator function or a characteristic function is a Function mathematics function defined on a Set mathematics set math X math that indicates membership of an element in a subset math A math of math X math , having the value 1 for all elements of A and the value 0 for all elements of X not in A . Definition The indicator function of a subset math A math of a set math X math is a function math mathbf 1 A X to 0,1 , math defined as math mathbf 1 A x begin cases 1 & text if x in A, 0 & text if x notin A. end cases math The Iverson bracket allows the equivalent notation, math x in A math , to be used instead of math mathbf 1 A x . math The function math mathbf 1 A math is sometimes denoted math chi A math or math mathbf I A math or even just math A math . The Greek alphabet Greek letter appears because it is the initial letter of the Greek word characteristic . Remark on notation and terminology The notation math mathbf 1 A math may signify ..., List of probabilists probabilists use the term indicator function for the function defined here almost ... function to describe the function which indicates membership in a set. Basic properties The indicator ... mathbf 1 B, math and the indicator function of the Complement set theory complement of A i.e. A sup ... of inclusion exclusion . As suggested by the previous example, the indicator function is a useful ... of the indicator function may be defined. This is commonly called the generalized M bius function , as a generalization of the inverse of the indicator function in elementary number theory , the M bius ... A in mathcal F math , the indicator random variable math mathbf 1 A Omega rightarrow Bbb R math ... Heaviside step function Iverson bracket Kronecker delta , a function that can be viewed as an indicator ... chapter Section 5.2 Indicator random variables pages 94&ndash 99 cite book editor1 first Martin editor1 ... more details
Economics sidebar An economic indicator or business indicator is a statistic about the Economics economy . Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and prediction s of future performance. One application of economic indicators is the study of business cycle s. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries. Examples unemployment rate, quits rate, housing starts , Consumer Price Index a measure for inflation economics inflation , Consumer Leverage Ratio , industrial production , bankruptcies , Gross Domestic Product , broadband internet access broadband internet penetration , retail sales , stock market prices, money supply changes. The leading business cycle dating committee in the United States United States of America is the National Bureau of Economic Research private . The Bureau of Labor Statistics is the principal fact finding agency for the U.S. government in the field of labor economics and statistics. Other producers of economic indicators includes the United States Census Bureau and United States Bureau of Economic Analysis ... as short term predictors of the economy. Stock market returns are a leading indicator the stock market ... is why the measure of average weekly hours is a leading indicator for changes in unemployment. and also ... new orders for consumer goods materials This component is considered a leading indicator because ... s 500 stock index The S&P 500 is considered a leading indicator because changes in stock prices reflect ... is a lagging indicator employment tends to increase two or three quarters after an upturn in the general ... indicator as it reflects a historical performance similarly, improved customer satisfaction ... average By direction There are also three terms that describe an economic indicator s direction relative .... Gross domestic product GDP is a procyclic indicator. Countercyclic Countercyclical indicators ... Economic Indicators http stats.oecd.org OECD Economic Indicators DEFAULTSORT Economic Indicator ... more details
charts PDF U0080.pdf Unicode Latin 1 Punctuation code chart ref . The masculine ordinal indicator ... Example of ordinal indicator in Russian, 1913 One or two letters of the spelled out numeral are appended ... finished in 2nd place nowiki nowiki . However, if the head noun is omitted, the ordinal indicator takes ... number, example 3 utg. 3rd ed . Using a full stop as an ordinal indicator is considered archaism ... Spanish uses the indicator letters in some abbreviations, such as lang es V B for lang es visto ...? In Unicode unichar 00AA FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR html unichar 00BA MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR ... more details
The Halloween indicator is a variant of the stock market adage Sell in May and go away, the belief that the period from November to April inclusive has significantly stronger growth on average than the other months. ref name CNN cite web url http money.cnn.com 2008 05 01 markets sellmay markets index.htm title Wall Street Sell what in May and go away? last Twin first Alexandra date 2008 05 01 work money.cnn.com publisher CNN accessdate 2008 11 25 ref In such strategies, stocks are sold at the start of May and the proceeds held in cash e.g. a money market fund stocks are bought again in the autumn, typically around Halloween . Though this seasonality is often mentioned informally, it has largely been ignored in academic circles perhaps being assumed to be a mere superstition . Nonetheless analysis by Bouman and Jacobsen 2002 shows that the effect has indeed occurred in 36 out of 37 countries examined, and since the 17th century 1694 in the United Kingdom it is strongest in Europe. According to the efficient market hypothesis , this is impossible. It is not clear what causes the effect. Most interesting about the effect is that it shows that stock market returns in many countries during the period May October are systematically negative or lower than the short term interest rate , which also goes against the efficient market hypothesis. Stock market returns should not be predictably lower than the short term interest rate Risk free interest rate risk free rate . Popular media often refer to this market wisdom in the month of May, claiming that in the six months to come things will be different and the pattern will not show. However, as the effect has been strongly present in most developed markets including the United States, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom and most European ... indicator in US equity markets found similar results as Bouman and Jacobsen 2002 over the same ... doi 10.1257 000282802762024683 title The Halloween Indicator, Sell in May and Go Away Another Puzzle ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
