See also Utility patent Patent law In patent law , industrialapplicability or industrial application is a patentability requirement according to which a patent can only be granted for an invention which is susceptible of industry industrial application, i.e. for an invention which can be made or used in some kind of industry. In this context, the concept of industry is far reaching it includes agriculture , for instance. An example of invention which would not be susceptible of industrial application is a method of contraception ... to be applied in the privacy private and personal sphere of a human being . ref http legal.european patent office.org dg3 biblio t930074ep1.htm Decision T 74 93 of the Appeal procedure before the European Patent Office Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office ref In relationship with United States patent law, the utility patent utility requirement is a more or less corresponding, but different, requirement. European patent law At the European Patent Organisation European Patent Office EPO , the requirement that an invention is susceptible of an industrial application has generally been taken to be more or less automatically fulfilled but a 2005 decision of the Boards of Appeal of the EPO saw this requirement analysed in new detail. In decision T870 ... c iv 5 Industrial application EPO Case law book i e The requirement of industrialapplicability under .... DEFAULTSORT IndustrialApplicability Category Patent law ja ... laws of physics , the industrial application requirement is related to the requirement of sufficiency ... which was, inter alla, susceptible of industrial application. This concept was related to the obligation ... and Art. 83 EPC because it could not be used and therefore lacked industrial application. The description ... these methods are regarded as not susceptible of industrial application. ref EPC Article 52 4 Update ... trtdocs wo020.html P71 4054 Article 1 of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property ... more details
A concept of European Union constitutional law that relates specifically to regulations , direct applicability or the characteristic of regulations to be directly effective is set out in Article 288 ex Article 249 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union as amended by the Lisbon Treaty . ref cite web url http www.accessmylibrary.com coms2 summary 0286 18277053 ITM title The relationship between rights and remedies in EC law in search of the missing link. publisher Common Market Law Review October , 2004 accessdate 2007 12 27 Dead link date January 2010 ref Although often confused with the doctrine of direct effect , direct applicability refers to the fact that regulations require no implementing legislation within individual member states they take effect as soon as they are Official Journal of the European Union published by the European Commission . This confusion is perhaps explained by reference to the treaty provision governing regulations which provides that they, and only they, have direct applicability within the member states. The early jurisprudence of the ECJ suggested that direct effect was a consequence of direct applicability as it was thought that the drafters of the original treaty intended regulations, and only regulations, to be directly effective. However, the expansion of the doctrine of direct effect to include directives and other measures served to create a distinction between direct applicability and direct effect. Direct applicability is now taken to mean that regulations require no domestic implementation if direct effect was only ever intended to be a consequence of direct applicability then the relationship has been severed by a series of ECJ cases. References refs Category Administrative law Category European Union law Legislation of the European Union EU stub de Unmittelbare Anwendbarkeit es Aplicabilidad directa ... more details
context date November 2009 refimprove date November 2009 The Applicability Domain AD of a QSAR is the physico chemical, structural or biological space, knowledge or information on which the training set of the model has been developed, and for which it is applicable to make predictions for new compounds. The purpose of AD is to state whether the model s assumptions are met. In general, this is the case for interpolation rather than for extrapolation . Although up to now there is no single generally accepted algorithm for determining the AD, there exists a rather systematic approach for defining interpolation regions ref Jaworska J, Nikolova Jeliazkova N, Aldenberg T QSAR applicabilty domain estimation by projection of the training set descriptor space a review. Altern Lab Anim 2005, 33 5 445 459 ref . The process involves the removal of outliers and a probability density distribution method using kernel weighted sampling. A recent rigorous benchmarking study of several AD algorithms identified standard deviation of models as the most reliable approach ref Tetko IV, Sushko I, Pandey AK, Zhu H, Tropsha A, Papa E, Oberg T, Todeschini R, Fourches D, Varnek A. Critical assessment of QSAR models of environmental toxicity against Tetrahymena pyriformis focusing on applicability domain and overfitting by variable selection. J Chem Inf Model. 2008 Sep 48 9 1733 46. ref . To investigate the AD of a training set of chemicals one can directly analyse properties of the multivariate statistics multivariate descriptor space of the training compounds or more indirectly via distance or similarity metrics. When using distance metrics care should be taken to use an orthogonal and significant vector space. This can be achieved by different means of feature selection and successive principal components analysis . Notes references Category Medicinal chemistry Category Pharmacology Category Cheminformatics science stub ... more details
Wiktionary industrial industry Industrial may refer to Industry , segment of the economy Industrial archaeology , the study of industrial history Industrial engineering Industrial group disambiguation Industrial Revolution , the development of industry in the 19th century Industrial society , one that has undergone industrialization Industrial technology Industrial land use or zoning Industrial is industry jargon for a training film or video Geography Industrial, Los Angeles County, California , in Los Angeles County, California Los Angeles County Industrial, Orange County, California , in Orange County, California Orange County Arts and entertainment Industrial music , genre of music Industrial musical , musical performance done only for the employees of a company in order to motivate or educate them Industrial Records , record label Industrial piercing , ear cartilage piercing Industrial album , debut album by Pitchshifter See also Industry disambiguation Disambiguation es Industrial desambiguaci n nl Industrieel pt Industrial desambigua o tr End striyel ... more details
Industrial Bank is another name for an industrial loan company . It is also a common name for a number of bank s. Industrial Bank China Industrial Bank of Iraq Industrial Bank of Korea Industrial Bank Syria see Economy of Syria Industrial Bank NA Industrial Bank Co. LTD Industrial Bank of Taiwan Industrial Bank of Kuwait disambiguation Category Banks ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2010 Cleanup list date November 2007 Industrial region or industrial area refers to a region with extremely dense industry . It is usually heavily urbanized . Brazil ABCD Region , sometimes called ABC ABC paulista or Regi o do Grande ABC in Portuguese is an industrial region made up of seven municipalities with the greater metropolitan area of S o Paulo, Brazil. India Wagle estate , Thane Noida , National Capital Region India N.C.R Japan Ch ky Industrial Area Hanshin Industrial Region Korea Kaes ng Industrial Region , North Korea Southeastern Maritime Industrial Region , South Korea Poland Bia ystok Industrial Region Bielsko Industrial Region Bydgoszcz Toru Industrial Region Carpathian Industrial Region Central Industrial Region Poland Central Industrial Region Cz stochowa Industrial Region Gda sk Industrial Region Upper Silesian Industrial Region Jaworzno Chrzan w Industrial Region Kalisz Ostr w Industrial Region Krak w Industrial Region Legnica G og w Copper Area Lublin Industrial Region d Industrial Region Olsztyn Industrial Region Opole Industrial Region Piotrk w Be chat w Industrial Region Pozna Industrial Region Rybnik Coal Area Old Polish Industrial Region Sudeten Industrial Region Szczecin Industrial Region Tarnobrzeg Industrial Region Tarn w Rzesz w Industrial Region Warsaw Industrial Region Wroc aw Industrial Region Zielona G ra ary Industrial Region See also Industrial park Metropolitan area Category Industry Category Regions Category Urban geography economics stub ja pl Okr g przemys owy ... more details
The following roads have been called the Industrial Freeway Industrial Freeway Southern California , unconstructed portion of SR 47 Detroit Industrial Freeway , part of I 94 New York Avenue Industrial Freeway , proposed replacement for US 50 in Washington, D.C. dab ... more details
unref date November 2011 An industrial building , is a building used for industrial activities. Types of industrial buildings Brewery Factory Foundry Mining Power plant Refinery Mill factory Mill Oil Rig Category Industrial buildings architecture stub ... more details
Wiktionary industrial industry Industrial group may refer to Industry , a segment of the economy Industrial Revolution , the development of industry in the 19th century Industrial society , one that has undergone industrialization Industrial engineering group disambiguation Industrial group, organizations of companies in different industries with common ownership interests, which include rms necessary to manufacture and sell products a network of manufacturers, suppliers, marketing organizations, distributors, retailers, and creditors. A type of land use An Training film industrial is an industry term for a training film or video. Disambiguation ... more details
Industrial archaeology Industrial archaeology of Dartmoor Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum , East Lothian , Scotland Rhondda Heritage Park The Industrial Heritage Trail List of industrial archaeology topics External links http www.aboutbritain.com IndustrialAllRegions.htm Long list of links to industrial heritage sites all over Britain http www.ukminingremains.co.uk UK Mining Remains Category Industrial archaeology Heritage Category Cultural heritage history stub ca Patrimoni industrial de Industriedenkmal es Patrimonio industrial fr Patrimoine industriel lv Industri lais piemineklis nl Industrieel erfgoed ja nn Industriminne ru sv Industriminne zh ... more details
Image IndustrialSymbiosisWasteHeatExchange.png 250px right thumb Example of Industrial Symbiosis. Waste ... to their production process. Industrial symbiosis can be defined as sharing of services, utility, and by product resources among diverse industrial actors in order to add value, reduce costs and improve the environment. ref Agarwal, A. and Strachan, P. 2008. Is Industrial Symbiosis only a Concept ... of Wastes Management 42 ref Industrial symbiosis is a subset of industrial ecology , with a particular focus on material and energy exchange. Industrial ecology is a relatively new field that is based on a natural paradigm, claiming that an industrial ecology industrial ecosystem may behave in a similar way to the natural ecosystem wherein everything gets recycled. Introduction Eco industrial park Eco industrial development is one of the ways in which industrial ecology contributes to the integration of economic growth and environmental protection . Some of the examples of eco industrial development are Green Twinning single material and or energy exchange Greenfield Eco industrial Development geographically confined space Brownfield Eco industrial Development geographically confined space Eco industrial Network no strict requirement of geographical proximity Virtual Eco industrial Network networks spread in large areas e.g. regional network Networked Eco industrial System macro ... on eco industrial development initiatives around the world and the methods employed to evaluate their performance effectiveness, Consultancy Report prepared for Databuild Ltd. and National Industrial ... omits any industrial sector wide approaches and appreciates the diversity of the industrial system which is a key feature of industrial symbiosis. It is aimed to include initiatives that focus ... P. 2006. Literature review on eco industrial development initiatives around the world and the methods ... Ltd. and National Industrial Symbiosis Programme, 7th May 2006, Available from http www.abhishekagarwal.co.uk ... more details
An industrial show can refer to Trade show s organized by one or more business es to promote their products to potential buyers. Industrial musical s performed for company employees for motivational purposes. disambig ... more details
Industrial production is a measure of output of the industrial sector of the economy. The industrial sector includes manufacturing , mining , and utilities . ref cite web url http www.federalreserve.gov releases g17 About.htm title Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization accessdate 2011 02 08 publisher Federal Reserve Board ref Although these sectors contribute only a small portion of GDP Gross Domestic Product , they are highly sensitive to interest rate s and consumer demand . Citation needed date February 2011 This makes Industrial Production an important tool for Economic forecasting forecasting future GDP and economic performance. Industrial Production figures are also used by central banks to measure inflation, as high levels of industrial production can lead to uncontrolled levels of consumption and rapid inflation . See also Economic reports Index of industrial production Industrial Production Index References reflist DEFAULTSORT Industrial Production Category Economic data Category Industry ar bs Industrijska proizvodnja lt Pramon s produkcijos rodiklis sh Industrijska proizvodnja ... more details
Notability date May 2009 Refimprove date October 2011 Infobox Music genre name Death industrial bgcolor silver color black stylistic origins Power electronics music Power electronics br Dark ambient br Harsh noise br Power noise br Martial industrial cultural origins 1980s, Europe instruments Synthesizer Drum machine Tape loop s Drum kit Drums Guitar Found object s Electronic musical instrument Modified electronics vocals, and other acoustic and electronic instruments popularity Low derivatives subgenres fusiongenres regional scenes other topics Post industrial music Death industrial is an industrial music industrial sub genre typified by a dense atmosphere, low end drones and screamed or distorted vocals. It can be differentiated from power electronics music power electronics by a slower, more atmospheric sound reminiscent of dark ambient dark or Dark ambient History ritual ambient, and a less abrasive sound. ref name RYM http rateyourmusic.com genre Death Industrial Death Industrial aka Dark Noise . Rateyourmusic.com. Retrieved October 20, 2011. ref The Grey Wolves are often credited for pioneering the style, but the term was first used to describe artists such as Brighter Death Now . Artists Death industrial artists rarely produce only death industrial music, often foraying into power electronics, harsh noise , martial industrial or dark ambient . However, the following artists have all produced at least a few death industrial albums Anenzephalia Atrax Morgue Brighter Death Now Genocide Organ The Grey Wolves Cult of Personality Labels Again, there are very few dedicated death industrial labels. However, the following labels were important in the genre s development and perpetuation Broken Flag Cold Spring Records References reflist Industrial music footer Category Industrial music cs Death industrial de Industrial Death Industrial fr Death industriel ... more details
Dark industrial is the marriage of dark ambient and industrial. Much like dark ambient, the style is a minimalist soundscape. What separates dark ambient from dark industrial is the harshness. The droning and distorted samples of dark ambient are replaced by waves of static and eerie melodies. Artists Gruntsplatter Innana artist Keimverbreitung Autopsia Hellbone D dheimsgard Anal Kitties creating dark industrial music since 1988 USA Labels Malignant Records USA Cold Meat Industry Sweden Cold Spring UK See also List of post industrial music genres and related fusion genres External links http www.heathenharvest.com Heathen Harvest Illuminating The Post Industrial Underground Refimprove date July 2007 Category Industrial music ... more details
and light industry, rather than heavy industry. Benefits Industrial parks are usually located outside ... road and rail. ref Industrial park scheme 2008 http www.incometaxindia.gov.in archive IndustrialParkScheme 04072008.pdf ref Industrial parks are usually located close to transport facilities, especially ... business by providing an integrated infrastructure in one location. Eligibility of Industrial Parks for benefits ref Industrial Park Benefits http www.incometaxindia.gov.in archive CBDTPressRelease 04072008.pdf ref ref List of Approvals & Withdrawals under the Industrial Park Schemes, 1999 & 2002 http dipp.nic.in industrial park industrial park scheme 17082006.pdf ref To set aside industrial uses from urban area urban areas to try to reduce the environmental and social impact of the industrial uses. To provide for localized environmental controls that are specific to the needs of an industrial area. Criticism Different industrial parks fulfill these criteria to differing degrees. Many small communities have established industrial parks with only access to a nearby highway, and with only ... be few or no special environmental safeguards. References reflist Developments DEFAULTSORT Industrial Park Category Industrial parks Category Planned industrial developments Industrial Park bg ca Pol gon industrial de Industriepark es Parque industrial fa fr Parc industriel gl Pol gono industrial he ms Taman industri nl Industriegebied ja nn Industriomr de pl Park przemys owy pt Parque industrial ru sq Parku industrial fi Teollisuusalue ... more details
The first labor organization gathering to be described as an Industrial Congress was the Continental Congress of the working class founding convention of the Industrial Workers of the World , which took place in 1905. A labor organization with a similar name, the Congress of Industrial Organizations , or the CIO, was founded in 1935 by eight unions that were a part of the American Federation of Labor . disambig ... more details
Merge from Union violence date April 2011 Merge from Anti union violence date April 2011 Industrial violence refers to acts of violence which occur within the context of industrial relations . Portal Organized labour Labor dispute stub Category Industrial relations ... more details
Industrial complex may refer to A factory or collection of buildings relating to industrial production Military industrial complex , the term referring to a close and symbiotic relationship between a nation s armed forces, and its private industry. Prison industrial complex , the term meaning interest groups that represent organizations that do business in correctional facilities who are believed to be more concerned with making more money than actually rehabilitating criminals or reducing crime rates. College industrial complex , the term referring to the theory that colleges and universities are more concerned with making money than education. Industrial Complex album , a 2010 album by Nitzer Ebb Disambig ... more details
Infobox music genre name Industrial rock bgcolor silver color black stylistic origins Industrial music Industrial , electronic rock , electro industrial , electronic body music EBM , post punk , No Wave ... , brass instruments brass popularity Moderate in mid 1980s high in industrial metal era derivatives Industrial metal subgenrelist subgenres fusiongenres regional scenes Neue Deutsche H rte Germany other topics Post industrial music Post industrial , alternative rock Industrial rock is a musical genre that fuses industrial music and specific rock subgenres. Industrial rock spawned industrial metal , with which it is often confused. The early fusions of industrial music and rock were practiced by a handful ... band Foetus and Big Black . Musical style Industrial rock artists generally employ the basic rock ... by electronic musical instruments or computers in general. Industrial rock frequently incorporates ... , generally made with pipes, tubes and other products of industrial waste. Origins Experimental music ... foresee the birth of industrial rock. ref Allmusic class album id r966068 pure url yes ref Specifically, their song Caledonia has been noted for its pre industrial stomp . ref http pitchfork.com features staff lists 6400 the 200 greatest songs of the 1960s 4 ref Industrial music was created in the mid to late 1970s, amidst the punk rock revolution and disco fever. Prominent early industrial musicians ... industrial musical elements into a variety of musical styles. Some post punk performers developed styles parallel to industrial music s defining attributes. Pere Ubu s debut, The Modern Dance , was described as industrial . ref Irvin, 2001, p. 442. ref So was San Francisco s Chrome band Chrome ..., as well as punk rock, noise music particularly Whitehouse band Whitehouse and the original industrial ... M rat, 1992, p. 12. ref also took inspiration from both hardcore and industrial, ref Stud & Stud, 1987, p. 27. ref being equally indebted to the Bad Brains and Foetus. Commercial success Industrial ... more details
GE Industrial was a division of General Electric . It provided a broad range of products and services throughout the world, including appliances, lighting and industrial products factory automation systems plastics, silicones and quartz products security and sensors technology, and equipment financing, management and operating services. Key financial figures for GE Industrial ref http www.ge.com company businesses factsheets industrial.html GE Industrial Fact Sheet ref 2007 Revenue 17.7 billion 2007 Profit 9 vol Number of Employees 70,000 Sub Businesses After some major realignments in late 2007, GE Industrial was organized in two main sub businesses GE Consumer & Industrial GE Appliances Appliances GE Electrical Distribution Electrical Distribution GE Lighting Lighting GE Enterprise Solutions GE Digital Energy Digital Energy GE Fanuc Automation GE Fanuc Intelligent Platforms GE Security Security GE Sensing Sensing & Inspection Technologies The former GE Plastics division was sold on 2007 08 31 and is now SABIC Innovative Plastics. References references General Electric Category General Electric Industrial subsidiaries Category Companies based in Fairfield County, Connecticut de GE Consumer & Industrial ru GE Consumer & Industrial ... more details
unreferenced date February 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Industrial deconcentration is a Socio economics socio economic term used to describe the movement of industrial zones Factory factories away from the center of the city , and further away from each other. It is similar to suburb anization, a residential trend in which a large number of the population move away from the metropolis as the inner city becomes overcrowded. Industrial deconcentration occurs when a previously established industrial district becomes unable to provide efficiently for its own populace due to overcrowding. In a market economy the massive competition and overcrowding of the metropolitan area forces people and businesses to move out to less industrial areas with less traffic congestion . Modernization in the social, economic, and technological fields of a country is a factor in accelerating industrial deconcentration. This phenomenon is more apparent in nations that have been industrialized for a longer time. Most countries experiencing industrial deconcentration at the beginning of the 21st century are the states that began industrializing after the end of World War II . Industrial deconcentration is a conscious goal in a comprehensive decentralization policy to deconcentrate population without excessive commuting , jobs need to be created outside the cities. See also Rust Belt DEFAULTSORT Industrial Deconcentration Category Urban decay Sociology stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 Industrial unrest is the term used to describe activities undertaken by the workforce when they protest against wage pay or conditions of their employment . Actions may include strike action strikes , sit in s, slowdown s or work to rule . Historically, riot s also took place, such as the action taken by the Luddite s during the Industrial Revolution , and other machine wrecking outbreaks. job stub labor dispute stub Category Industrial Revolution Category Labor disputes ms Keresahan perindustrian ... more details
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