Gluten sensitivity also gluten intolerance is a spectrum of disorders, including coeliac disease celiac ... related disorders spectrum . Gluten sensitivity is thought to affect approximately 6 of the general population. ref Fasano, A Data from his clinic in Maryland ref Symptoms of gluten sensitivity ... A et al. Differential mucosal IL 17 expression in two gliadin induced disorders gluten sensitivity ... 73 3 438 440 ref ref name ReferenceA Dickerson F et al. Markers of gluten sensitivity and celiac ... 100 104 ref ref name ReferenceB Hadjivassiliou M et al. Myopathy associated with gluten sensitivity. Muscle Nerve. 2007 35 443 450 ref Until recently, the terms gluten sensitivity and celiac disease ... that exist between celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. If the medical history of a patient, along with clinical tests, rule out celiac disease and wheat allergy, a diagnosis of gluten sensitivity can be considered. However, certain criteria need to be met before a diagnosis of gluten sensitivity ... of gluten containing food could damage their health and, in the case of gluten sensitivity the withdrawal ... or alkali . Symptoms Symptoms of gluten sensitivity may include bloating, abdominal discomfort, pain ... mucosal IL 17 expression in two gliadin induced disorders gluten sensitivity and the autoimmune ..., rule out coeliac disease celiac disease and wheat allergy , a diagnosis of gluten sensitivity can be considered. However, before a diagnosis of gluten sensitivity can be confirmed the following ... to symptom resolution. Difference between gluten sensitivity and celiac disease Whilst the research surrounding gluten sensitivity is still very much emerging, celiac disease is a well defined condition ... population in the Western world. In comparison, in a recent clinical paper, gluten sensitivity was defined ... D, Murray JA. Between celiac disease and irritable bowel syndrome The No Man s Land of Gluten Sensitivity ... to gluten, yet celiac disease and wheat allergy are eliminated as possibilities, gluten sensitivity ... more details
see also Geochronometry Fission track dating Radiation sensitivity is he susceptibility of a material to physical or chemical changes induced by radiation see also radiation effect . Examples of radiation sensitive materials are silver chloride , photoresist s and Radiobiology biomaterials . Examples of radiation insensitive materials are metals and ionic crystals such as quartz and sapphire . The radiation effect depends on the type of the irradiating particles, their energy and the number of incident particles per unit volume. Radiation effect s can be transient or permanent. The persistence of the radiation effect depends on the stability of the induced physical and chemical change. Physical radiation effect s depending on Atomic diffusion diffusion properties can be thermally Annealing glass annealed whereby the original structure of the material is recovered. Chemical radiation effects usually cannot be recovered. References references Category Radiation effects ... more details
comes by their table to show her a memo about a mandatory sensitivity training seminar that they are all ... of their newfound sensitivity with muggers, fender benders, and more. Cordelia and Doyle meet Angel ... Away Angel episode Not Fade Away . The detective s remarks to Kate while under the sensitivity ... out of regular police channels. References reflist External links wikiquote Angel TV series Sense & Sensitivity Sense & Sensitivity imdb episode 0512894 tv.com episode 79 Angelnav AngelEpisodes Category Angel season 1 episodes Category 1999 television episodes es Sense & Sensitivity fr Raisons et sentiments ... more details
Air sensitivity is a term used, in particular in chemistry , to denote the reactivity of chemical compound s with some constituent of air . Most often, reactions occur with atmospheric oxygen O sub 2 sub or water vapor H sub 2 sub O , ref http www.sigmaaldrich.com etc medialib flashapps glassware center pdfs al techbull al134.Par.0001.File.dat al techbull al134.pdf Handling and Storage of Air Sensitive Reagents , Technical Bulletin AL 134, Sigma Aldrich ref although reactions with the other constituents of air such as carbon monoxide CO , carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub , and nitrogen N sub 2 sub are also possible. The range of methods used to work with air sensitive compounds are known as air free techniques . Two main methods exist glovebox es and Schlenk line s. Gloveboxes are sealed cabinets filled with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen . ref http www.ilpi.com inorganic glassware glovebox.html Glove Boxes , The Glassware Gallery ref Normal laboratory equipment can be set up and manipulated through the use of the gloves. A Schlenk line is a vacuum and inert gas dual manifold that allows glassware to be evacuated and refilled with inert gas. See also Pyrophoricity References reflist DEFAULTSORT Air Sensitive Category Air free techniques Chem stub es Sensibilidad al aire zh ... more details
processor InformationsensitivityInformation systems Information superhighway Information theory Infornography ... information. Information , in its most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message . Information can be recorded as sign semiotics signs , or transmitted as Signal electronics signals . Information is any kind of wikt event event that affects the Thermodynamic state state of a dynamical system dynamic system . Conceptually, information content information ... url http books.google.com books?id Ak GBAcHU0C&printsec frontcover author Luciano Floridi title Information ... is to provide an outline of what information is... isbn 0191609544 year 2010 ref Moreover, the concept of information is closely related to notions of Constraint information theory constraint , communication ... representation representation , and especially information entropy entropy . Etymology See also Information history History of the word and concept information l1 History of the word and concept information The English word was apparently derived from the Latin stem information of the nominative ... or idea, but the extent to which this may have influenced the development of the word information ... . Information theory approach From the stance of information theory , information is taken as a sequence of symbols from an alphabet, say an input alphabet , and an output alphabet . Information processing ... publisher Springer year 2003 ref As sensory input Often information is viewed as a type of input ... who? called these causal inputs. Other inputs information are important only because they are associated ... and perhaps another place . Some information is important because of association with other information but eventually there must be a connection to a causal input. In practice, information is usually ... input to plants but provides information to animals. The colored light reflected from a flower ... s nervous system uses the information to guide the bee to the flower, where the bee often finds nectar ... more details
Scotopic sensitivity syndrome , also known as Irlen Syndrome and Visual Stress Syndrome , approximating ... of tinted lenses Irlen filters after being diagnosed with scotopic sensitivity. In this book ... of scotopic sensitivity as a sensory perceptual problem common in many but not all people with autism and expanded awareness of the potential effects of Scotopic Sensitivity far beyond that of reading ... scotopic sensitivity , though in the discussions and debates over the following years some often referred to it as Meares Irlen syndrome. Testing for scotopic sensitivity was also taken up by optometrists ... text.png thumb 250px Two examples of how a sufferer may see text Theory Scotopic sensitivity syndrome ... problems. Many of these problems are grouped together under the label scotopic sensitivity syndrome ... the bad information and so the conscious mind receives a reconstructed image. That image may be of the items ... between good and bad information. It also seems likely that in some individuals, over time the brain .... Scotopic sensitivity syndrome Symptoms One or more of these symptoms may be related to the condition ... difficulties associated with scotopic sensitivity syndrome using tinted lenses and overlays. ref ... of tint to reduce symptoms. Lack of Scientific Proof Skepticism surrounding scotopic sensitivity ... to dyslexia, autism, or other conditions and Whether existing methods of scotopic sensitivity ... the treatment used for Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome . ref http pediatrics.aappublications.org cgi reprint ... p. 843 The association of scotopic sensitivity syndrome and dyslexia has been challenged by many ... name musec.mq.edu.au Critics claim that the symptoms of those with Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome ... sensitivity is a misnomer given that the symptoms of Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome reportedly occur during photopic conditions. The term Scotopic Sensitivity seems dubious, given that scotopic vision ... lens or coloured overlay would have any impact upon Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome . References Reflist ... more details
about the Beck album the Martin Amis novel The Information novel other meanings Information disambiguation Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The Information Type studio Artist Beck Cover ... Godrich Last album Guerolito br 2005 This album The Information br 2006 Next album Modern Guilt br ... review pure url yes title The Information Beck publisher Allmusic ref rev2 The A.V. Club rev2Score A ref cite web url http www.avclub.com content node 53636 title Beck The Information publisher The A.V. ... story 0,,1882774,00.html title CD Beck, The Information publisher The Guardian location ... articles 737 737137p1.html title Beck The Information publisher IGN ref rev6 Los Angeles ... beck 8026 title Album Reviews Beck The Information publisher NME ref rev8 Pitchfork Media rev8score 6.9 10 ref cite web url http pitchfork.com reviews albums 9485 the information title Beck The Information ... albums 9980 the information deluxe edition title Beck The Information Deluxe Edition publisher Pitchfork ... 4 5 ref http www.rollingstone.com artists beck albums album 11852928 review 11925431 the information ... http www.slantmagazine.com music music review.asp?ID 995 title Beck The Information publisher Slant ... article 0,,14932 2375271,00.html Dead link date October 2011 ref The Information is the tenth and seventh ... 200 Billboard 200 , 6 in Canada and 31 on Australia s ARIA Charts ARIA Chart . As of July 2008, The Information ...?id 259255 title Beck Reveals More Information publisher FMQB accessdate 2006 08 15 ref The first single ... A radio hit, garnering renewed interest in The Information . On February 27, 2007, a deluxe version ... Image Beck TheInformationStickerArt.jpg right thumb 300px The blank canvas of Beck s 2006 album The Information ... to bolster retail sales, The Information was deemed ineligible to enter the UK Albums Chart . There is also ... . Although it has never been confirmed that Beck s cover art for The Information was inspired by the 1973 ... BPM 2 32 Motorcade 4 15 The Information 3 46 Movie Theme 3 53 The Horrible Fanfare Landslide Exoskeleton ... more details
between a brand succeeding or failing in international markets. Cross cultural sensitivity ... helps people become cross culturally aware. Many travel guides contain information about the culture ... during your stay in that country. Examples Examples showing the importance of Cross Cultural Sensitivity ... College. Retrieved 2009 04 06 ref Cross Cultural Sensitivity is illustrated in the 1992 Comic Series ... Cultural Sensitivity and Awareness that caused this clear act of degradation of something holy ... Unity College, Murray Bridge References references DEFAULTSORT Cross Cultural Sensitivity Category Culture ... more details
Infobox disease Name Multiple chemical sensitivity Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D018777 Multiple chemical sensitivity MCS is a Chronic medicine ... Chemical Sensitivity accessdate 2008 03 20 author Bob Michaels year 1998 quote ref Symptom s are usually ... sensitivity CS , chemical injury syndrome CI , ref Michaels, supra , states Some advocates refer ... sensitivity . The symptoms improve or resolve completely when the triggering chemicals are removed ..., aching joints . ref name pmid10444033 cite journal author title Multiple chemical sensitivity ... 2006 . Considerations for the Diagnosis of Chemical Sensitivity. Retrieved January 1, 2007 from http ... , does not recognize multiple chemical sensitivity or environmental sensitivity as a valid diagnosis ... that multiple chemical sensitivity should not be considered a recognized clinical syndrome. doi 10.1001 ... sensitivity syndrome journal Am Fam Physician volume 58 issue 3 pages 721 8 year 1998 month ... Workgroup on Multiple Chemical Sensitivity was formed under the supervision of the Environmental Health ... as a matter of law. ref Andrew K. Kelley, COMMENT Sensitivity Training Multiple Chemical Sensitivity ... chamber challenges in 20 patients presenting with multiple chemical sensitivity . ul Toxicol Pharmacol ... study in patients with subjective Multiple Chemical Sensitivity MCS and matched control subjects ... dizziness, abnormally acute sense of smell hyperosmia , sensitivity to natural plant fragrance or natural ... JPK, Butler MP, and Tannahill SN 1999 . A review of multiple chemical sensitivity . Occupational ... lactate infusion in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol ... the Talk page for more information. Several mechanisms for psychological etiology have been proposed ... pollution. ref E. Shorter, Multiple chemical sensitivity pseudodisease in historical perspective ... for MCS because substances used to test for sensitivity can often be detected by scent. Odor cues ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Sensitivity Time Control STC is used to attenuate the very strong signals returned from nearby ground clutter targets in the first few range gate s of a Radar receiver. Without this signal attenuation , the receiver would routinely saturate due to the strong signals. Category Radar signal processing Electronics stub de Sensitivity Time Control ... more details
. It is important that the largest value of the sensitivity function be limited for a control system and it is common to require that the maximum value of the sensitivity function, math M s math , be in a range of 1.3 to 2. Sensitivity Circle The quantity math M s math is the inverse of the shortest ... math 1 math . A sensitivity math M s math guarantees that the distance from the critical point to the Nyquist ... frac 1 M s math , known as the sensitivity circle . References references See also Control theory Control engineering Robust control PID controller DEFAULTSORT Sensitivity Category Control theory pl ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2007 The interest sensitivity gap was one of the first techniques used in asset liability management to manage interest rate risk . The use of this technique was initiated in the middle 1970s in the United States when rising interest rates in 1975 1976 and again from 1979 onward triggered a banking crisis that later resulted in more than 1 trillion in losses when the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation were forced to liquidate hundreds of failed institutions who had typically lent for long maturities at fixed interest rates such as 30 year fixed rate mortgage s and borrowed for much shorter maturities. The interest rate sensitivity gap classifies all assets, liabilities and off balance sheet transactions by effective maturity from an interest rate reset perspective. A thirty year fixed rate mortgage would be classified as a 30 year instrument. A 15 year mortgage with a rate fixed only for the first year would be classified as a one year instrument. The interest rate sensitivity gap compares the amount of assets and liabilities in each time period in the interest rate sensitivity gap table. This comparison gives an approximate view of the interest rate risk of the balance sheet being analyzed. The interest rate sensitivity gap is much less accurate than modern interest rate risk management technology where the impact of a change in the yield curve can be analyzed using the Heath Jarrow Morton framework based on the work of researchers such as John C. Hull John Hull , Alan White, Robert C. Merton , Robert A. Jarrow and many others. Category Interest Sensitivity gap ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 High Sensitivity Global Positioning System GPS receivers use large banks of correlators and digital signal processing to search for GPS signals very quickly. This results in very fast time to first fix times to first fix when the signals are at their normal levels, for example outdoors. When GPS signals are weak, for example indoors, the extra processing power can be used to integrate weak signals to the point where they can be used to provide a position or timing solution. GPS signals are already very weak when they arrive at the Earth s surface. The GPS satellite s have transmitter s that only deliver 27 W from a distance of 20,200 km in orbit above the Earth. By the time the signals arrive at the user s receiver, they are typically as weak as 160 dBW , equivalent to one tenth of a millionth billionth of a watt. This is well below the thermal noise level in its bandwidth. Outdoors, GPS signals are typically around the 155 dBW level. Conventional GPS receivers integrate the received GPS signals for the same amount of time as the duration of a complete Global Positioning System Navigation signals C A code cycle which is 1 ms. This results in the ability to acquire and track signals down to around the 160 dBW level. High Sensitivity GPS receivers are able to integrate the incoming signals for up to 1,000 times longer than this and therefore acquire signals up to 1,000 times weaker. A good High Sensitivity GPS receiver can acquire signals down to 185 dBW, and tracking can be continued down to levels approaching 190 dBW. High Sensitivity GPS can provide positioning in many but not all Indoor positioning system indoor locations . Signals ... propagation multipath . Given that High Sensitivity GPS receivers may be up to 30 decibel dB more sensitive ... status Patent title High sensitivity GPS receiver and reception pubdate 2003 08 21 gdate 2004 01 ... also Differential GPS GNSS Augmentation DEFAULTSORT High Sensitivity Gps Category GPS Category Navigation ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Bias and sensitivity guidelines are guidelines that have been set up by several major textbook and standardized test publishers to remove potentially offensive words and phrases from their texts. These guidelines establish lists of issues, words, and stereotype s deemed objectionable by a particular group. Fact date February 2007 Further reading Diane Ravitch, The Language Police How Pressure Groups Restrict What Students Learn . Knopf, 2003, hardcover, 255 pages, ISBN 978 1400030644 Category Stereotypes Category Prejudice and discrimination ... more details
Sensitivity is the fourth single music single from music group Shapeshifters band Shapeshifters . The song features disco group Chic band Chic and entered the UK Singles Chart at 40, its peak position. However, it did make an appearance on UK hits album Now That s What I Call Music 64 UK series Now That s What I Call Music 64 . 2000s song stub Category 2006 singles ... more details
Bode s sensitivity integral , discovered by Hendrik Wade Bode , is a formula that quantifies some of the limitations in feedback control of linear parameter invariant systems. Let L be the loop transfer function and S be the sensitivity function. Then the following holds math int 0 infty ln S i omega d omega int 0 infty ln left frac 1 1 L i omega right d omega pi sum Re p k frac pi 2 lim s rightarrow infty s L s math where math p k math are the Pole complex analysis poles of L in the right half plane unstable poles . If L has at least two more poles than Zero complex analysis zeros , and has no poles in the right half plane is stable , the equation simplifies to math int 0 infty ln S i omega d omega 0 math This equality shows that if sensitivity to disturbance is suppressed at some frequency range, it is necessarily increased at some other range. This has been called the waterbed effect. ref http ocw.mit.edu courses electrical engineering and computer science 6 245 multivariable control systems spring 2004 lecture notes lec5 6245 2004.pdf Megretski The Waterbed Effect. MIT OCW, 2004 ref References reflist Further reading Karl Johan str m and Richard M. Murray. Feedback Systems An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers . Chapter 11 Frequency Domain Design. Princeton University Press, 2008. http www.cds.caltech.edu murray amwiki Frequency Domain Design DEFAULTSORT Bode s Sensitivity Integral Category Control theory science stub pl Ca ka Bode go ... more details
Moisture Sensitivity Level relates to the packaging and handling precautions for some semiconductors. The MSL is an Electronics electronic standard for the time period in which a moisture sensitive device can be exposed to ambient room conditions approximately 30 C 60 RH . Increasingly, semiconductors have been manufactured in smaller sizes. Components such as thin fine pitch devices and ball grid array s could be damaged during Surface mount technology SMT reflow when moisture trapped inside the component expands. The expansion of trapped moisture can result in internal separation delamination of the plastic from the die or lead frame, wire bond damage, die damage, and internal cracks. Most of this damage is not visible on the component surface. In extreme cases, cracks will extend to the component surface. In the most severe cases, the component will bulge and pop. This is known as the popcorn effect. IPC electronics IPC Association Connecting Electronic Industries created and released IPC M 109, Moisture sensitive Component Standards and Guideline Manual. Moisture sensitive devices are packaged in a moisture barrier antistatic bag with a desiccant and a moisture indicator card which is sealed. IPC M 109 includes seven documents. According to http www.siliconfareast.com msl.htm IPC JEDEC s J STD 20 Moisture Reflow Sensitivity Classification for Plastic Integrated Circuit IC SMDs, there are eight levels of moisture sensitivity. Components must be mounted and reflowed within the allowable period of time floor life out of the bag . MSL 6 Mandatory Bake before use MSL 5A 24 hours MSL 5 48 hours MSL 4 72 hours MSL 3 168 hours MSL 2A 4 weeks MSL 2 1 year MSL 1 Unlimited Category Integrated circuits Category Semiconductors de Moisture Sensitive Level ... more details
Tire load sensitivity describes the behaviour of tire s under load. Conventional pneumatic tires do not behave as Friction Laws of dry friction classical friction theory would suggest. The load sensitivity of most real tires in their typical operating range is such that the coefficient of friction decreases as the vertical load, Fz, increases. Coulomb friction theory says that the maximum horizontal force developed should be proportional to the vertical load on the tire. In practice, the maximum horizontal force Fy that can be generated is proportional, roughly, to the vertical load Fz raised to the power of somewhere between 0.7 and 0.9, typically. Production car tires typically develop this maximum lateral force, or cornering force , at a slip angle of 6 10 degrees, although this angle increases as the vertical load on the tire increases. ref Milliken, W.F., Milliken, D.L., 1995, Race Car Vehicle Dynamics , Society of Automotive Engineers SAE Warrendale, PA. page 27. ref Formula 1 car tires may reach a peak sideforce at 3 degrees ref Wright P., 2001, Formula 1 Technology , Society of Automotive Engineers SAE Warrendale, PA. ref Example As an example, here is data extracted from Milliken and Milliken s Race Car Vehicle Dynamics , figure 2.9 Vertical load Fy Fz Slip Angle lbf max degrees 900 1.10 5.6 1350 1.08 6.0 1800 0.97 6.7 The same sensitivity is typically seen in the longitudinal forces, and combined lateral and longitudinal slip. See also Weight transfer Weight transfer and load transfer References reflist Category Tires Category Motorcycle dynamics automotive part stub ... more details
Fourier amplitude sensitivity testing FAST is a variance based global sensitivity analysis method. The sensitivity value is defined based on conditional variance s which indicate the individual or joint effects of the uncertain inputs on the output. FAST first represents conditional variances via coefficients from the multiple Fourier series expansion of the output function. Then the ergodic theorem is applied to transform the multi dimensional integral to a one dimensional integral in evaluation ... sensitivity analysis methods via Monte Carlo integration . However the calculation by FAST is usually ..., A.G. Petschek and J.H. Schaibly 1973 . Study of the sensitivity of coupled reaction systems to uncertainties ... Schaibly, J.H. and K.E. Shuler 1973 . Study of the sensitivity of coupled reaction systems to uncertainties ... Schaibly, and K.E. Shuler 1975 . Study of the sensitivity of coupled reaction systems to uncertainties ... , 1140 1149. ref Only the first order sensitivity indices referring to main effect were calculated in the original ... sensitivity analysis a computational implementation of the Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test FAST . Computers & Chemical Engineering , 6 , 15 25. ref In 1990s, the relationship between FAST sensitivity ... framework of ANOVA like decomposition ref Archer G.E.B., A. Saltelli and I.M. Sobol 1997 . Sensitivity ... , 58 , 99 120. ref and an extended FAST method able to calculate sensitivity indices referring ... model independent method for global sensitivity analysis of model output. Technometrics , 41 , 39 56. ref Foundation Variance based sensitivitySensitivity indices of a variance based method are calculated ... variances math V sum j 1 n V j sum j 1 n 1 sum k j 1 n V jk cdots V 12 dots n . math The sensitivity ... dots j r V math especially the first order sensitivity math S j frac V j V math which indicates the main ... the sensitivity referring to the main effect of an input can be calculated by dividing the conditional variance by the total variance. References references Category Sensitivity analysis Category ... more details
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory RST proposes three brain behavioral systems that underlie individual differences in sensitivity to Reward system reward , punishment , and motivation . While not originally defined as a theory of personality, the RST has been used to study and predict anxiety , impulsivity ... isbn item1157646 ?site locale en GB The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality , April ... title The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality year 2008 publisher Cambridge University ... PA1&dq reinforcement sensitivity theory Corr, 2008&ots ve yvNl 0f&sig 1k6T9PEIPDCdzEtK1boWpK rxvc ... Phillip J. title Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Personality journal Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ... between personality and sensitivity to reinforcement i.e. reward and punishment . Eysenck s theory ... seeking, Eysenck s personality dimensions and reinforcement sensitivity in concept formation journal ... first Luke D. coauthors Pickering, A. D., & Jackson, C. J title The new reinforcement sensitivity ... 28 March 2012 ref The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory RST redefined the three systems underlying anxiety ... Sensitivity Theory Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory is one of the major biological models of individual ... Ilse Beck, Laurence Claes, Walter Vandereycken title Gray s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory as a framework ... last Gomez first R. coauthors Cooper A., McOrmond R., Tatlow S. title Gray s Reinforcement Sensitivity ... sensitivity, motivation, and behavior. ref name Corr, 2004 Applications Workplace Performance ... W. Taris, Debby G.J. Beckers, Kirsten B. Kindt title Reinforcement sensitivity theory and occupational ... Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory r RST and their application to dysfunctional real world outcomes ... studies showing that high BIS sensitivity is present in individuals with anxiety, depression, and anorexia nervosa, whereas low BIS sensitivity is associated with psychopathy. ref name Bijttebier, 2009 Extremely high BAS sensitivity is characteristic of individuals with bipolar disorder, ADHD, and bulimia ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Saccule Latin sacculus GraySubject 232 GrayPage 1052 Image Bigotolith.jpg Caption illustration of otolith organs showing detail of Utricle ear utricle , otoconia , endolymph , cupula , macula , hair cell filaments, and saccular nerve Image2 Caption2 Map Inner ear map MapPos Saccule System MeshName Saccule and Utricle MeshNumber A09.246.631.909.625 Saccular Acoustic Sensitivity is a measurement of the ear s affectability to sound. The saccule s normal function is to keep the body balanced, but it is believed to have some hearing function for special frequencies and tones . Saccular acoustic sensitivity is considered to be simply an extension of the sense of hearing through the use of the saccule. Effects Saccular acoustic sensitivity has a variety physiological as well as mental emotional effects. Physical Effects Perhaps the most observable physical response is goose bumps . A similar effect is the manifestation of chills . Some sounds have been known to cause reflexive muscle movements like a twitch or even a jump. ref Eckart Altenm ller, et al. Chills In Different Sensory Domains Frisson Elicited By Acoustical, Visual, Tactile And Gustatory Stimuli. Psychology Of Music 39.2 2011 220 239. PsycINFO. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. ref Since these physical effects are easily recorded and are linked consistently with strong emotion, they have bee used in several types of psychological studies. ref McCrae, Robert R. Aesthetic Chills as a Universal Marker of Openness to Experience. Motivation and Emotion 31.1 2007 5 11. Print. ref Mental Emotional Effects Certain sounds, such as fingernails drawn down a blackboard , cause strong feelings of aversion or even fear in most humans. A 2004 study claimed that the blackboard sound was very similar to the warning cry of Siamang gibbons and hypothesized that a vestigial reflex is what causes the fight or flight reaction in humans. ref Todd, Neil P. McAngus, and Merker, Bjorn. Siamang Gibbons Exceed the Saccular Threshold ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index QUICKI is derived using the inverse of the sum of the logarithms of the fasting insulin and fasting glucose math 1 log fasting insulin U mL log fasting glucose mg dL This index correlates well with glucose clamp technique glucose clamp studies r 0.78 , and is useful for measuring insulin sensitivity IS , which is the inverse of insulin resistance IR . It has the advantage of that it can be obtained from a fasting blood sample, and is the preferred method for certain types of clinical research. Source Katz A, Nambi SS, Mather K, Baron AD, Follmann DA, Sullivan G, Quon MJ. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jul 85 7 2402 10. PMID 10902785 Values typically associated with the QUICKI calculation for insulin resistance in humans fall broadly within a range between 0.45 for unusually healthy individuals and 0.30 in diabetics. So lower numbers reflect greater insulin resistance. Source as above Katz et al. Also data for unusually healthy individuals derived from those practicing caloric restriction. See CR Society for details. treatment stub Category Diabetes ... more details
The Price Sensitivity Meter PSM is a market technique for determining consumer price preferences. It was introduced in 1976 by Dutch economist Peter van Westendorp . The technique has been used by a wide variety of researchers in the market research industry. The PSM approach was a staple technique for addressing pricing issues for the past 20 years. It historically has been promoted by many professional market research associations in their training and professional development programs. The PSM approach continues to be used widely throughout the market research industry and descriptions can be easily found in many market research websites. Assumptions The assumption underlying PSM is that respondents are capable of envisioning a pricing landscape and that price is an intrinsic measure of value or utility . Participants in a PSM exercise are asked to identify price points at which they can infer a particular value to the product or service under study. PSM claims to capture the extent to which a product has an inherent value denoted by price. Approach The traditional PSM approach asks four price related questions, which are then evaluated as a series of four cumulative distributions, one distribution for each question. The standard question formats can vary, but generally take the following form blockquote At what price would you consider the product to be so expensive that you would not consider buying it? Too expensive At what price would you consider the product to be priced so low that you would feel the quality couldn t be very good? Too cheap At what price would you consider the product starting to get expensive, so that it is not out of the question, but you would ... Approaches to Analyzing the Price Sensitivity Meter. Results of an international comparative ... extension to traditional price sensitivity measurement. Proceedings of the American Marketing Association Advanced Research Techniques Forum. Van Westendorp, P 1976 NSS Price Sensitivity Meter ... more details
Computer science date February 2010 Information processing is the change processing of information ... of a text file from a digital computer system. In the latter case, an information processor is changing the content format form of presentation of that text file. Information processing may more specifically be defined in terms used by Claude E. Shannon as the conversion of latent information into manifest information Citation needed date February 2007 . Latent and manifest information ... 2007 . In cognitive psychology Within the field of cognitive psychology , information processing ... the hardware . The information processing approach in psychology is closely allied to the Computational ... needed date October 2011 Two types Information processing may be sequential or parallel , either ... the way in which we process information. Information processing model The information processing model suggests that information is channeled in different ways. Citation needed date October ... with names of people newly introduced to. Images or information based on meaning are stored here as well, but it decays without rehearsal or repetition of such information. On the other hand, long term ... forgetful or feel as if the information is on the tip of the tongue . Cognitive development theory Another approach to viewing the ways in which information is processed in humans was suggested by Jean ... between different age brackets characterized by the type of information and by a distinctive thought ... stage, newborns and toddlers rely on their senses for information processing to which they respond ... adolescence and early adulthood. The limbic system is the part of the brain that modulates reward sensitivity ... risks and benefits more aptly than an adolescent or child would be able to. See also Information processing system Computer data processing Bibliography Lehrl, S., and Fischer, B. 1990 . A Basic Information .... 1974 . sthetik als Informationsverarbeitung. Aesthetics as information processing . Springer. ISBN ... more details
About information retrieval in general the fictional government department Brazil film Information retrieval IR is the area of study concerned with searching for documents, for information within documents ... Computer data data retrieval, document retrieval , information retrieval, and text retrieval , but each ... , based on computer science , mathematics , library science , information science , information architecture , cognitive psychology , linguistics , statistics and law . Automated information retrieval systems are used to reduce what has been called information overload . Many universities ... documents. Web search engine s are the most visible Information retrieval applications IR applications ... to search for relevant pieces of information was popularized in the article As We May Think by Vannevar Bush in 1945. ref name Singhal2001 cite journal last Singhal first Amit title Modern Information ... automated information retrieval systems were introduced in the 1950s and 1960s. By 1970 several different ... TREC as part of the TIPSTER text program. The aim of this was to look into the information retrieval ... information has led to the phenomenon of digital obsolescence , where a digital resource ceases ... that runs on it, is no longer available. The information is initially easier to retrieve ... Kent et al. and the invention of citation indexing Eugene Garfield . 1950 The term information retrieval ... numerical Information Zator Technical Bulletin No. 48 5, cited in information, n. . OED Online. December ... Lauren last2 Becker first2 Joseph title Information Retrieval and Processing publisher Melville .... 1958 International Conference on Scientific Information Washington DC included consideration ... on Scientific Information, 1958 National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1959 1959 Hans Peter Luhn published Auto encoding of documents for information retrieval. 1960s early 1960s Gerard Salton ... last Maron first Melvin E. journal Information Processing and Management volume 44 year 2008 pages ... more details
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