USS Detector is a name used more than once by the U.S. Navy USS Detector AMc 75 , was a coastal minesweeper launched 29 May 1941. USS Detector AM 429 , was a minesweeper launched 5 December 1952. Shipindex DEFAULTSORT Detector Category United States Navy ship names pl USS Detector ... more details
Image Railway defect detectors.jpg thumb 300px Overview of a wheel impact detector installation A defect detector is a device used on railroad s to detect axle and signal problems in passing train s. The detectors are normally integrated into the rail tracks tracks and often include sensors to detect several different kinds of problems that could occur. Defect detectors were one invention which enabled American railroads to eliminate the caboose at the rear of the train, as well as various station agent s stationed along the route to detect unsafe conditions. The use of defect detectors has since spread to other overseas railroads. History Image Railway defect detectors sensors.jpg thumb Sensors ... has passed such an equipped detector, the text to speech mechanical voice will report the railroad .... Crews can use their touch tone hand radios to get the detector to repeat error messages. Defect ... traffic a talking detector would generate. When an error signal is received a dispatcher or operator ... ing the trains. Sensors The sensors installed at defect detector locations can include and are explained Hot box Hotbox or hot bearing detectors Two infrared eyes sit on each side of the tracks staring up at the trains bearings. As the train s bearings pass over the infrared eyes, the detector checks the temperature of them. If a bearing reaches the maximum temperature for safe travel, the detector ... for anything else that might be dragging under the train. The detector will register this action ... may also be integrated into the high car detector. Structure gauge & loading gauge Hot Wheel Detection ... Reflist External links Audio http www.trainweb.org wnyrhs Cp5555.wav CONRAIL Talking Detector in Depew, New York .wav file Audio http www.trainweb.org wnyrhs Amt283.wav CONRAIL Talking Detector ... Load Detector at Lara, Australia http www.trainweb.org wnyrhs extrasFrame1Source1.htm sounds Western New York Railway Historical Society more talking detector audio clips Category Rail infrastructure ... more details
An infrared heater is a body with a higher temperature which transfers energy to a body with a lower ... of the infrared radiation ranges from 780 nm to 1 mm. The relationship between ... the two bodies is needed for the energy transfer. One classification of infrared heaters is by the wavelength bands of infrared emission. Short wave or near infrared for the range from 780 nm ... infrared for the range between 1400 nm and 3000 nm Far infrared or dark emitters for everything above 3000 nm. File Carbon heater.jpg thumb right A household infrared electric heater Elements Infrared heaters use either a fuel to heat an emitter, or an electrically heated Electrical filament filament as the emitting body. An infrared lamp will protect the filament with a heat ... infrared heaters is tungsten wire, which is coiled to provide more surface area. Low temperature ... a comparable medium wave heater based on a FeCrAl filament. Industrial infrared heaters sometimes use a gold coating on the quartz tube that reflects the infrared radiation and directs it towards the product to be heated. Consequently the infrared radiation impinging on the product is virtually doubled ... 95 . Types Infrared heaters are commonly used in infrared modules or emitter banks combining several heaters to achieve larger heated areas. Infrared heaters are usually classified by the wavelength they emit. Near infrared NIR or short wave infrared heaters operate at high filament temperatures ... wave and carbon CIR infrared heaters operate at filament temperatures of around 1000 C. They reach maximum power densities of up to 60 kW m medium wave and 150 kW m CIR . Far infrared emitters FIR are typically used in the so called low temperature far infrared sauna s. These constitute only the higher and more expensive range of the market of infrared sauna. Instead of using carbon, quartz or high watt ceramic emitters, which emit near and medium infrared radiation, heat and light ... more details
Refimprove date January 2008 Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some film scanner s and flatbed scanner s to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished image scanning scan . It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible colour channels red, green, and blue . This infrared channel can be used to automatically remove the appearance of dust and scratches in the visible channels and replace them by inpainting . Approaches Scanners use three different techniques for doing this Nikon film scanners ... infrared light source. At each scan position, the scanner uses an RGB linear array to scan the film in RGB and RGB Infrared. This is as fast as the Nikon approach, since only one physical pass over ..., an RGB light source and an infrared light source. These scanners make two passes over the film once for RGB and once for infrared. This is slower than the Nikon or Minolta approach, since two passes ... quality. Applicability The three color dyes in modern color film emulsions respond equally to infrared light, so the infrared image looks relatively opaque compared to the RGB image. Any dust spots or scratches appear as dark spots in infrared, making it easy to find and correct for these dust spots. Kodachrome film dyes are more sensitive to infrared than Ektachrome film dyes, making it more ... s ref http www.silverfast.com highlights isrd en.html ref , claim to use infrared cleaning to find dust spots even when scanning Kodachrome. Infrared cleaning doesn t work at all with silver halide ... particles respond equally in visible light and infrared light . History IBM originally developed and patented infrared cleaning, and subsequently licensed this patent to Applied Science Fiction ASF . Canon has a patent cross licensing agreement with IBM and was able to use the IBM s infrared cleaning ... developed infrared cleaning algorithms which are completely different from IBM s patented ... more details
Infobox Film see Template Infobox film name Infrared Sightings image GDInfraredSightingsVHS.jpg caption Infrared Sightings video tape cover director Len Dell Amico br Larry Lachman producer Len Dell Amico br Larry Lachman music Grateful Dead distributor Trigon Productions released 1992 runtime 18 minutes country United States language English Infrared Sightings is a video by the Grateful Dead , consisting of computer animation and other imagery set to music from their album Infrared Roses . It was released on VHS video tape and on laserdisc in 1992 in film 1992 , and is 18 minutes long. Infrared Roses is known to fans as the all Drums and Space album . Produced by Grateful Dead sound designer Bob Bralove, it contains free form musical improvisation improvisational music recorded live at a number of different Dead concerts. The visuals for Infrared Sightings combine computer generated images, many of them abstract art abstract , with found footage that has been altered or edited in various ways. The video is therefore somewhat reminiscent of the light shows that were projected on large screens at many Grateful Dead concerts. Infrared Sightings on Allmovie The Allmovie entry for Infrared Sightings http allmovie.com cg avg.dll?p avg&sql 1 178339 erroneously states that the video includes the songs Truckin , Playing in the Band , Not Fade Away song Not Fade Away , Sugar Magnolia , and Friend of the Devil . As explained above, the soundtrack of Infrared Sightings actually is made up of sections of different performances of the free form musical improvisation known as Drums and Space ... Highrise Table Top Stomp part 3 Yes I Kandinsky music Infrared Roses Credits Musicians Jerry Garcia ... movie 178339 http www.deaddisc.com vi Infrared.htm Infrared Sightings at the Grateful Dead Family Database http www.lddb.com laserdisc.php?id 4389 Infrared Sightings at LaserDisc Database Scott, John ... Clip from Infrared Sightings on FritzPerlberg.com Grateful Dead Category Grateful Dead Category ... more details
Refimprove date December 2007 Cleanup date December 2009 An infrared blaster or IR blaster is a device that emulates an infrared remote control to autonomously control a device that is normally controlled only by remote control key presses. The most common use of an IR blaster is to allow a recording device such as a digital video recorder DVR or video cassette recorder VCR to change the channel on an external tuner such as a cable box or satellite receiver. This way, the recording device can automatically select the correct channel to record before starting the recording process. Another common use is to extend infrared signals in order to place remote controlled products behind closed doors. gallery Image tivo irblaster small.jpg Example IR Blaster with standard 1 8 plug Image Ir blaster on cable box.jpg IR Blaster stuck to a cable tv tuner gallery References http www.mythtv.org wiki IR Blaster Using an IR Blaster with MythTV Unreferenced date March 2010 references Category Infrared technology tech stub ... more details
An infrared excess is a measurement of an astronomical source, typically a star , that has a greater measured infrared radiative flux flux than expected by assuming the star is a blackbody radiation blackbody radiator . Infrared excesses are often the result of circumstellar dust and are common in young stellar object s and evolved stars on the asymptotic giant branch or Post AGB older . References cite book last Evans first Aneurin title The Dusty Universe publisher Ellis Horwood date 1993 pages 155 165 Category Observational astronomy astronomy stub de Infrarotexzess lb Infraroutexzess sk Infra erven prebytok zh ... more details
refimprove date October 2009 File Infraszauna 001.jpg thumb The interior of an infrared sauna. An infrared sauna uses Infrared heater infrared heaters to emit infrared thermal radiation radiant heat which is absorbed directly into the human body, unlike traditional sauna s which heat the body indirectly via air or steam. Health benefit claims A study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis showed a reduction in pain, stiffness and fatigue during infrared sauna therapy, but this could have been due only to chance i.e. not the sauna as these did not reach statistical significance. ref cite journal author Oosterveld FG, Rasker JJ, Floors M, et al. title Infrared sauna in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. A pilot study showed good tolerance, short term improvement of pain and stiffness, and a trend towards long term beneficial effects journal Clin. Rheumatol. volume 28 issue 1 pages 29 34 year 2009 month January pmid 18685882 doi 10.1007 s10067 008 0977 y ref Another benefit claim is that since saunas increase perspiration, they purportedly liberate undisclosed toxins. Saunas have been recommended for this ostensible reason to people who are told they have high levels of toxicity in their body, although the supposed, offending toxins ... problems, such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome . Only if the sauna uses far infrared technology, the sauna ... humid hot air saunas. This is because far infrared rays do not heat the air inside the sauna, but they still heat the body. However, most infrared saunas in the market do not use the expensive far infrared panels, which can be touched because they remain always cold, but much cheaper low and medium infrared heaters, which remain very hot when used and also heat the air of the sauna. Energy expenditure and weight loss Some infrared sauna proponents claim that the sauna is an effective method for considerably ... Infrared Sauna Category Bathing Category Light therapy cs Infrasauna de Infrarotw rmekabine ... more details
Dablink For the song by Darwin Deez , see Radar Detector Image Fuzzbuster2000.jpg right 250px thumb An early radar detector Image Car radar detector.jpg 250px thumb Car radar detector Japanese A radar detector is an electronic device used by motorist s to detect if their speed is being monitored by police ... frequently monitor traffic, with the detector sounding an alarm when approaching that location in the future ..., which the GPS enabled detector will then ignore. Some GPS enabled detectors can download the GPS coordinates ... detector detectors Main Radar detectordetector The superheterodyne receiver in radar detectors has a local oscillator that radiate s slightly, so it is possible to build a radar detectordetector, which ... by the Spectre III. ref cite web url http radar.757.org VG2.htm title Radar DetectorDetector ... ways since detector detectors use a similar superheterodyne receiver, many early stealth radar detectors were equipped with a radar detectordetectordetector circuit, which shuts down the main radar receiver when the detectordetector s signal is sensed, thus preventing detection by such equipment .... of Ontario , Canada where radar detector use is prohibited found that the local oscillator frequency of the detector could be altered to be out of the range of the VG 2 Interceptor. This resulted in detector manufacturers responding by changing their local oscillator frequency. Today, practically every radar detector on the market is immune to the VG 2 Interceptor. Citation needed date February ... 2010 10 17 ref Image Radar Detector. canada. Escort Passport 8500 x50 blue 3635.jpg thumb Passport x50 Radar Laser detector. LIDAR detection Main LIDAR detector Newer speed detection devices ... detect radio transmissions, are therefore unable to detect the infrared light emitted by LIDAR guns so a different type of device called a LIDAR detector is required. LIDAR detection, however, is not nearly ... November 2007 Using or possessing a radar detector or jammer is illegal in certain countries, and it may ... more details
Refimprove date August 2007 A radar detectordetector RDD is a device used in areas where radar detector s are declared illegal. Radar detector s are built around a superheterodyne receiver , which has a local oscillator that radiates slightly. It is therefore possible to build a radar detectordetector, which detects such emissions usually the frequency of the radar type being detected, plus about 10 MHz for the intermediate frequency . Some radar gun s are equipped with such a device. History VG 2 Interceptor was lastly the first device developed for this purpose, although more current technology such as the Spectre III Stalcar in Australia is now available. ref http radar.757.org VG2.htm Radar DetectorDetector RDD ref This form of electronic warfare cuts both ways and since detector detectors use a similar superheterodyne receiver, many early stealth radar detectors were equipped with a radar detectordetectordetector circuit, which shuts down the main radar receiver when the detectordetector s signal is sensed, thus preventing detection by such equipment. This technique borrows from ELINT surveillance countermeasures. In the early 1990s, BEL Tronics, Inc. of Ontario, Canada where radar detector use is prohibited found that the local oscillator frequency of the detector could be altered to be out of the range of the VG 2 Interceptor. This resulted in a wave of detector manufacturers changing their local oscillator frequency. Today, practically every radar detector on the market is immune to the VG 2 Interceptor Citation needed date February 2007 . The Spectre III detected almost every radar detector certified for operation in the United States by the Federal Communications ... improved range and reliability over the Spectre III. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Radar DetectorDetector Category Traffic law Category Radar Category Electronic warfare ca Detector de detector de radar es Detector de detector de radar ... more details
250px Optical Smoke Detector with the cover removed. Image OpticalSmokeDetector.png thumb 250px Optical Smoke Detector br 1 Optical chamber br 2 Cover br 3 Case moulding br 4 Photodiode detector br 5 Infrared LED Image smokealarm.JPG thumb 250px Inside a basic ionization smoke detector. The black ... is the piezoelectric buzzer that produces the alarm sound. An optical detector is a light sensor. When used as a smoke detector, it includes a light source incandescent bulb or infrared LED , a lens ...A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke , typically as an indicator of fire. Commercial, industrial ..., known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detector itself ... electrical Heat detector and Smoke detector in 1902 in Birmingham , England. ref cite book ... s experiment was one of the advances that paved the way for the modern smoke detector. It was 30 ... could afford them. The first truly affordable home smoke detector was invented by Duane D. Pearsall ... of AA batteries along with a plastic shell encasing the detector. The small assembly line ... s retailers picked up full distribution of the now required in every home smoke detector. The first ... as a light detector. In the absence of smoke, the light passes in front of the detector in a straight ... container from a smoke detector. An ionization smoke detector uses a radioisotope such as Isotopes ... Fleming, Jay. http www.scribd.com doc 14390291 Smoke Detector Technology Research Chief Jay Fleming Smoke Detector Technology Research , retrieved 2011 11 07 ref The radioactive isotope americium 241 in the smoke detector emits ionizing radiation in the form of Alpha particle Alpha particles into an ionization ... smoke detector is so low that a small battery can provide power for months or years ... test and replacement. An ionization type smoke detector is generally cheaper to manufacture than an optical smoke detector however, it is sometimes rejected because it is more prone to false nuisance ... more details
In physics , an infrared divergence or infrared catastrophe is a situation in which an integral , for example a Feynman diagram , diverges because of contributions of objects with very small energy approaching zero, or, equivalently, because of physical phenomena at very long distances. The infrared IR divergence only appears in theories with massless particles such as photon s . They represent a legitimate effect that a complete theory often implies. One way to deal with it is to impose an infrared cutoff and take the limit as the cutoff approaches zero and or refine the question. Another way is to assign the massless particle a fictitious mass, and then take the limit as the fictitious mass vanishes. The divergence is usually in terms of particle number and not empirically troubling, in that all measurable quantities remain finite. ref name Kaku ref name IZ Unlike in the case of the UV catastrophe where the energies involve diverge. Bremsstrahlung example When an electric charge is accelerated or de accelerated it emits Bremsstrahlung radiation . Semiclassical electromagnetic theory , or the full quantum electrodynamic analysis, shows that an infinite number of soft photons are created. But only a finite number are detectable, the remainder, due to their low energy, falling below any finite energy detection threshold, which must necessarily exist. ref name Kaku cite book last Kaku first Michio title Quantum Field Theory A Modern Introduction year 1993 location New York publisher Oxford University Press isbn 0195076524 , pages 177 184 and appendix A6 ref However even though most of the photons are not detectable they can t be ignored in the theory Quantum electrodynamic calculations show that the transition amplitude between any states with a finite number of photons vanishes. Finite transition amplitudes are obtained only by summing over states with an infinite number of soft photons. ref name Kaku ref name IZ cite book author Claude Itzykson, Jean Bernard Zuber year ... more details
Leak detector may refer to Leak noise correlator Helium mass spectrometer Water detector Gas detector disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Infrared Roses Type Live album Artist Grateful Dead Cover DECD019.jpg Released November 1, 1991 Recorded Genre Psychedelic rock , Jam band jam Length 58 18 Label Grateful Dead Records Grateful Dead small GDCD40142 small Producer Bob Bralove Last album One From the Vault br 1991 This album Infrared Roses br 1991 Next album Two from the Vault br 1992 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 2 5 ref Allmusic class album id r8544 tab review last Planer first Lindsay label Infrared Roses ref Infrared Roses is a Live album live compilation album by the Grateful Dead . It is a conglomeration of their famous Musical improvisation improvisational segments Drums and Space. Somewhere in the middle of the second set of a Grateful Dead concert came a period of musical improvisation . This part of the concert is commonly referred to as Space, and came right after a drum solo or duet. Infrared Roses is a compilation of these performances. There are no recognizable songs from the band s repertoire on this release. Robert Hunter lyricist Robert Hunter , lyricist with the Grateful Dead , created the names of the tracks for the album. Music from Infrared Roses was used as the soundtrack for the 18 minute Grateful Dead video Infrared Sightings . Track listing Musicians listed in order of appearance on each track . Crowd Sculpture Bralove 2 21 Deadheads Parallelogram Hart, Kreutzman 5 06 Kreutzmann trap drum left, Mickey Hart trap drum right Hart Beast Large Drums and Beam Kreutzmann Timbales Little Nemo in Nightland Bralove, Garcia, Lesh, Weir 6 16 Garcia Guitar, Weir Guitar, Lesh Bass Riverside Rhapsody Garcia, Hart, Kreutzmann, Lesh, Mydland, Weir 3 55 Garcia Guitar, Weir Guitar, Lesh Bass, Mydland Keyboards, Kreutzmann Drums, Hart Drums ... Midi Guitar Marimba , Lesh Bass Mydland Midi Keyboard Rattles, Shakers, Toms Infrared Roses Bralove ... live albums Category 1991 compilation albums cs Infrared Roses de Infrared Roses ... more details
potential, defined only by one factor, the wavelength. The importance of the infrared atmospheric ... 3 21 1 26. ref Nowadays, accurate line by line computations are possible, and careful studies of the infrared atmospheric window have been published. Kinetics of the infrared atmospheric window The infrared ... spectral window. Mechanisms in the infrared atmospheric window The infrared absorptions of the principal .... 1972 . The Nimbus 4 infrared spectroscopy experiment. 1. Calibrated thermal emission spectra. Journal ... in far infrared spectral lines between about 16 and 28 m. Clouds are excellent emitters of infrared radiation. Window radiation from cloud tops arises at altitudes where the air temperature ... CA, ISBN 9780495555735. ref . Importance for life Without the infrared atmospheric window, the Earth ... of the infrared atmospheric window has become threatened by the development of highly unreactive ... tutorial irwindows.html IR Atmospheric Window DEFAULTSORT Infrared Window Category Atmosphere Atmospheric ... more details
A chromatography detector is a device used in gas chromatography GC or liquid chromatography LC to visualize ... detector . The column effluent is injected into hydrogen flame and the flame conductivity is measured. Only used in GC. Aerosol based detector NQAD . The column effluent is nebulized, the mobile phase ... phase applications. Flame photometric detector , FPD . Column eluate is burned in hydrogen ... and phosphorus. Atomic emission detector AED . ref Kantor, E. A. Vozhdaeva, M. Y. Tsypysheva, L. G. Kantor ... into plasma and the plasma spectrum is recorded. This detector allows for immediate determination of the elements present in the analyte. MS detector. The column effluent is continuously injected into Mass spectrometry mass spectrometer . This detector allows for immediate determination of the molecular ... about analyte. Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector , used only in GC. Evaporative light scattering detector ELD . ref http www.cyberlipid.org elsd elsd0001.htm Evaporative light scattering detector ref The column ... includes diode array detector DAD or PDA . The UV absorption of the effluent is continuously measured ... Commercial UV detectors.html UV detectors ref Thermal conductivity detector , TCD . Measures ... detector . Irradiates the effluent with a light of set wavelength and measure the fluorescence of the effluent at a single or multiple wavelength. Used only in LC Electron Capture Detector , ECD . The most sensitive detector known. Allows for the detection of organic molecules containing halogen .... Used only in LC when conductive eluents water or alcohols are used. Photoionization detector , PID ... index detector RI or RID . Continuously measures the refractive index of the effluent. Used ... concentrations. Radio flow detector. Measures radioactivity of the effluent. This detector can .... Chiral detector. Continuously measures the Optical activity optical angle of rotation of the elutant ... Chromatography Category Detectors technology stub de Flammenphotometrischer Detektor nl Detector chromatografie ... more details
Infobox laboratory equipment name Daly detector image Daly Detector.jpg alt See Wikipedia Alternative text for images caption Schematic of a Daly detector acronym other names uses inventor Norman Richard Daly manufacturer model related Microchannel plate detector br Electron multiplier A Daly detector is a gas phase ion detector that consists of a metal doorknob , a scintillator phosphor screen and a photomultiplier . ref N. R. Daly, http link.aip.org link ?RSINAK 31 264 1 Scintillation Type Mass Spectrometer ion Detector . Rev. Sci. Instr. 3 , 31 , 264 267 1960 . ref It was named after its inventor Norman Richard Daly. Daly detectors are typically used in mass spectrometer s. How it works Ions that hit the doorknob release secondary electrons. A high voltage ca. 20,000 V between the doorknob and the scintillator accelerates the electrons onto the phosphor screen where they are converted to photons. These photons are detected by the photomultiplier . The advantage of the Daly detector is that the photomultiplier can be separated by a window, which lets the photons through from the high vacuum of the mass spectrometer, which an otherwise possible contamination prevented and which extends detector life span. The Daly detector also allows for a higher acceleration after the field free region of a time of flight mass spectrometer flight tube, which can improve the sensitivity for high mass ions. References reflist Mass spectrometry Category Mass spectrometry Category Measuring instruments Category Photochemistry Category Particle detectors Category Phosphors and scintillators de Daly Detektor it Rivelatore Daly zh ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A product detector is a type of demodulator used for amplitude modulation AM and Single sideband modulation SSB signals. Rather than converting the envelope of the signal into the decoded waveform like an envelope detector , the product detector takes the product of the modulated signal and a local oscillator , hence the name. A product detector is a frequency mixer . Product detectors can be designed to accept either Intermediate frequency IF or Radio frequency RF frequency inputs. A product detector which accepts an IF signal would be used as a demodulator block in a superheterodyne receiver , and a detector designed for RF can be combined with an RF amplifier and a low pass filter into a Direct conversion receiver direct conversion receiver . A simple product detector The simplest form of product detector mixes or hetrodynes the RF or IF signal with a locally derived carrier the Beat Frequency Oscillator, or BFO to produce an audio frequency copy of the original audio signal and a mixer product at twice the original RF or IF frequency. This high frequency component can then be filtered out, leaving the original audio frequency signal. Mathematical model of the simple product detector If m t is the original message, the AM signal can be shown to be math ... will be recovered. Drawbacks of the simple product detector Although this simple detector works ... out, leaving the original signal. Mathematical model of the detector If m t is the original ... sophisticated product detector A more sophisticated product detector can be constructed in a way ... The product demodulator has several advantages over an envelope detector. The product ... to regular AM A signal demodulated with a product detector will have a higher signal to noise ratio than the same signal demodulated with an envelope detector. The only real disadvantage of a product demodulator is the increased complexity. DEFAULTSORT Product Detector Category Communication ... more details
Infrared data transmission Infrared decoy flare Infrared detection InfrareddetectorInfrared ... dissociation Infrared open path detectorInfrared optical Infrared optics Infrared photography Infrared ... Lazer Tag LIDAR detector Light gun Linux Infrared remote control List of largest infrared telescopes ... Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey SPRITE infrareddetector Stratoscope Stratospheric Observatory ...This is a list of Infrared topics . compactTOC8 side yes top yes num yes A ADONIS ADaptive Optics Near Infrared System ALICE accelerator Accretion disc Advanced Tactical Airborne Reconnaissance System Afocal system Air to air missile Anti ship missile Applied spectroscopy Atmospheric Infrared Sounder B Biological infrared detection system Bipolar outflow Blackbody infrared radiative dissociation Black ... Combat Identification Panel Common Infrared Countermeasures program Computed tomography laser mammography Conveyor belt furnace Cooled infrareddetector Coreshine Cosmic background radiation Cosmic dust Cutoff physics , Infrared cutoff D Dangerously irrelevant operator Dark nebula Dazzler weapon Dichroic filter Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment Digital ICE Digital infrared thermal imaging ... Fast INfrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer Femtolab Fiber focus infrared soldering Filter optics Forward looking infrared Frared reflective coating Free space optical communication Functional near infrared imaging G Galileo spacecraft Gamma Ray Burst Optical Near InfraredDetector Gas detector Gas laser Glow stick Greenhouse Greenhouse effect H HDRi data format Halogen infrared reflective light sources Headlamp Heat therapy Hot mirror Humanoid robot AMI I Infra red search and track InfraredInfrared guided weapons Infrared Bond stretching Infrared radiant heat shields Infrared and terrain following radar sensors Infrared and thermal testing Infrared Astronomy Infrared beacon Infrared beam Infrared blaster Infrared brightness Infrared camera Infrared Catastrophe Infrared cirrus Infrared ... more details
The electrolytic detector , or the bare point electrolytic detector as it was also called, was a type of wet demodulator used in early radio receiver s. This form of detector radio detector was in extensive use between the years 1902 and 1913, after which the superior vacuum tube diode became available. It was considered very sensitive and reliable compared to other detectors available at the time such as the magnetic detector and the coherer . ref cite web url http www.ieee.ca millennium radio radio differences.html title Receiver Technology last Belrose first John S. date 5 7 September 1995 work International Conference on 100 Years of Radio publisher IEEE accessdate 28 July 2010 ref History While working to develop voice transmission, Reginald Fessenden realised that the radio detectors available would not be suitable for his purpose. Although they worked well for receiving the on off keying on off signals of spark gap transmitter s, the coherer and related types of detectors were not, in today s terms, fast enough for receiving audio frequency audio signals . In 1902 Fessenden developed what he called a barretter detector that would work to receive amplitude modulation AM signals ... nearby, and could be used as new type of detector. This story was disputed at the time, with credit ... Image Electroldetc.jpg thumb 333px right The Bare Point Electrolytic Detector The action of this detector ... use a series circuit is made of the detector, headphone s, and a Battery electricity battery with a potentiometer ... the noise just ceases, at which point the detector is in its most sensitive state. It was found that strong ... be bias rebiased after each strong burst of static interference. Sealed point detector Another form of electrolytic detector, the sealed point electrolytic detector , which could stand considerable rough usage, was commercially known as the Radioson Detector it had the cell sealed in a glass envelope. The operation was the same as in the bare point electrolytic detector, the advantage being that the acid ... more details
Refimprove auto yes date December 2009 A photoionization detector or PID is a type of gas detector . Typical photoionization detectors measure volatile organic compound s and other gases in concentrations from sub Parts per notation parts per billion to 10 000 Parts per notation parts per million ppm . The photoionizaton detector is an efficient and inexpensive detector for many gas and vapor analytes. A PID may produce instantaneous readings and operate continuously. These hand held, battery operated detectors are widely used in military, industrial, and confined working facilities for safety. PIDs are used as monitoring solutions for Lower explosive limit measurements Ammonia detection Hazardous material s handling Arson investigation Industrial hygiene and safety Indoor air quality Environmental ... The first application of photoionization detection was as a gas chromatography GC GC ion detector ion detector ref Driscoll, J.N., and J.B. Clarici Ein neuer Photoionisationsdetektor f r die Gas Chromatographie. Chromatographia, 9 567 570 1976 . ref . In a photoionization detector high energy ... is the signal information theory signal output of the counter detector . The greater the concentration ... the detector to reform their original molecules, however only a small portion of the airborne analytes .... Application As a stand alone detector PIDs are broad band detectors and are not selective, as these may ... similar to or lower than the energy of the photons produced by the PID lamp used in the detector ..., but hexane vapor is measured instead, the lower relative detector response higher ... before other detectors in multiple detector configurations. The signal produced by a PID may be quenched ..., Norman, L.A., and R.B. Gammage Decreased sensitivity of photoionization detector total organic ... DEFAULTSORT Photoionization Detector Category Measuring instruments Category Gas chromatography de Photoionisationsdetektor es Detector de fotoionizaci n fr D tecteur par photoionisation it Rivelatore ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A Cherenkov erenkov detector is a particle detector using the mass dependent threshold energy of Cherenkov radiation . This allows a discrimination between a lighter particle which does radiate and a heavier particle which does not radiate . It is a more advanced form of scintillation counter . A particle passing through a material at a velocity greater than that at which light can travel through the material emits light. This is similar to the production of a sonic boom when an airplane is traveling through the air faster than sound waves can move through the air. This light is emitted in a cone about the direction in which the particle is moving. The angle of the cone, math theta c math , is a direct measure of the particle s velocity through the formula math cos theta c frac c nv math , where math c math is the speed of light , and math n math is the refractive index of the medium. Alternatively, if the momentum of the particle is known from magnetic bending the Cherenkov s information on the particle s velocity enables the mass to be deduced so that the particle can be identified. See also Ring imaging Cherenkov detector Super Kamiokande Cherenkov radiation DEFAULTSORT Cherenkov Detector Category Particle detectors Category Russian inventions Category Soviet inventions Particle stub ar cs erenkov v detektor es Detector Cherenkov fr D tecteur Tcherenkov ru ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 otheruses Clover disambiguation A clover detector is a gamma spectroscopy gamma ray detector used in many physics laboratories. It consists of 4 coaxial N type semiconductor N type high purity germanium Ge crystals each machined to shape and mounted in a common cryostat to form a structure resembling a four leaf clover . A gamma ray may interact with a single Ge crystal and deposit its full energy. The resulting charge collected will then be proportional to this energy. However, through the process of Compton scattering , a gamma ray may interact with two or possibly more crystals resulting in the energy and thus the liberated charge being shared by the crystals. In this case, a process known as add back, where the charge collected by each of the crystals is summed, can be used to determine the energy of the incident gamma ray. There are a number of advantages offered by using clover detectors as opposed to the more conventional single crystal detectors. Large volume high purity single crystals of Ge can be expensive. By mounting four smaller crystals in a common cryostat a detector of a given volume can be created at a reduced cost. In addition, the individual smaller Ge crystals present a smaller solid angle than a large volume Ge detector thus significantly reducing the effects of Doppler broadening on the resulting spectra. A clover detector can also be used to determine the electric or magnetic nature of the incident photons ref Cite journal last Jones first P.M. journal Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. A title Calibration of the new composite clover detector as a Compton polarimeter for the EUROGAM array month August year 1985 volume 362 issue 2 3 pages 556 doi 10.1016 0168 9002 95 00246 4 bibcode 1995NIMPA.362..556J ref e.g. if the gamma ray is an electric quadrupole or a magnetic dipole as the Compton scattering process for these two types of radiation is different. See also Germanium detector External links http www.phy.ornl.gov hribf equipment ... more details
merge from Phase detector characteristic discuss Talk Phase detector Merge phase detector characteristic ... NAND gate produces a time frequency detector. The delay line avoids a dead band. On the right is a charge pump with a filter at its output. A phase detector or phase comparator is a frequency mixer ... ISBN 0 521 37095 7 pg. 644 ref A Type I detector is designed to be driven by analog signals or square wave digital signals and produces an output pulse at the difference frequency. The Type I detector ... controlled oscillator VCO . A type II detector is sensitive only to the relative timing of the edges ... voltage of the VCO. Analog phase detector The phase detector needs to compute the phase difference .... The actual input signals to the phase detector, however, are not and , but rather sinusoids such as sin ... detector can be made by summing the outputs of two multipliers. The quadrature signals may be formed ... common phase detector uses a single multiplier and a different trigonometric identity math sin ... detector output is described with phase detector characteristic A mixer based detector e.g., a Schottky ... sensitivity. since it does not create finite pulse widths at the phase detector output. ref ... are normalized. Digital phase detector Image Pass PFD.png thumb right 500px An Example CMOS Digital Phase Frequency Detector Transistor Variety . Inputs are R and V while the outputs UP and DN feed to a charge pump. A phase detector suitable for square wave signals can be made from an XOR exclusive ..., and vice versa the XOR gate s output remains high throughout each cycle. The XOR detector compares ... consisting of Flip flop electronics flip flops see figure . When a phase detector that s based on logic ... small phase differences between the two signals being compared. This is because a digital phase detector has a nearly infinite pull in range in comparison to an XOR detector. Phase frequency detector A Phase Frequency Detector phase frequency detector is an asynchronous sequential logic circuit originally ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In particle physics , a hermetic detector also called a 4 detector is a particle detector designed to observe all possible decay products of an interaction between subatomic particle s in a collider by covering as large an area around the interaction point as possible and incorporating multiple types of sub detectors. They are typically roughly cyllindrical, with different types of detectors wrapped around each other each detector type specializes in particular particles so that almost any particle will be detected and identified. Such detectors are called wiktionary hermetic hermetic because they are constructed so as the motion of particles are ceased at the Hermes Hermai Herms boundaries of the chamber without any moving beyond due to the Hermetic seal seals ref R. Sube 2001 http books.google.co.uk books?id vai7wiq5HIYC&pg PA601&lpg PA601&dq Hermetic particle detector&source bl&ots Iu789KiV3&sig agFx7CGPhB4clQrkE2dmzVzrVEs&hl en&sa X&ei Vw44T fbFILG0QWH18iqAg ... the name 4 detector comes from the fact that such detectors are designed to cover nearly all of the 4 steradian s of solid angle around the interaction point. The first such detector was the Mark I detector Mark I at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center , and the basic design has been used for all ... 300 px A schematic of the basic components of a hermetic detector I.P. refers to the region containing ... design. There are three main components of a hermetic detector. From the inside out, the first ... nuclear force . A hadronic detector is required in particular to detect heavy neutral particle s. Muon ... unique combinations of signals left in each detector sub system, allowing different particles to be identified ... without leaving a track. See also ATLAS experiment , for a detailed description of such a detector. Compact Muon Solenoid , for a well illustrated description of another such detector. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Hermetic Detector Category Particle detectors ... more details
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