illuminated initial In a written or published work, an initial is a letter at the beginning of a work ... from the Latin initialis , which means standing at the beginning . An initial often is several ... initial s. They were an invention of the Insular art of the British Isles in the eighth century ..., also were called Initiums . Brief history of the initial File Ornamental Alphabet 16th Century.svg thumb 450px A set of sixteenth century initial capitals, which is missing a few letters The classical ..., and for the letters immediately following the initial also to be larger, but diminishing ... of scenes tended to go in rectangular framed spaces, and the initial, although often still historiated ... Diminuendo effect in the first letters after this initial from the Cathach of St. Columba Irish ... the Book of Kells Image JesseTree.jpg Large initial L from a Romanesque Bible Image Mainz psalter detail.jpg Mainz Psalter, printed in 1457 by Johannes Gutenberg the main initial and border are woodcut ... letter red the epigraphic letter, imitating ancient Roman majuscules the figurated initial usually in miniatures the historiated initial, that gives spatial support to scenes of a narrative character etc. The initial may sit on the same baseline as the first line of text, at the same margin ..., sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. blockquote Alternatively, the initial ... be implemented using a table with two cells, one for the initial and one for the rest of the text. The difference between this and a true drop cap may be seen when the text extends below the initial ... cap , the initial sits within the margins and runs several lines deep into the paragraph, indenting .... See also Wiktionarypar initial Monogram Typography Further reading Stiebner, Erhardt D. & Dieter ... ar bg bs Inicijali ca Caplletra cs Inici la da Initial de Initiale es Letra capital eo Inicialo fr Lettrine hr Inicijal it Capolettera lb Initial lt Inicialas hu Inici l nl Initiaal ... more details
Wiktionary addressAddress may refer to Address geography , a code and abstract concept expressing a location on the Earth s surface include also Postal address Public speaking , the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner Style manner of address , a legal, official, or recognized title Computing and telecommunication Network address , various meanings An e mail address , identifies an email box to which email messages are delivered A memory address , a data concept used at various levels by software and hardware to access the computer s primary storage memory More specifically, a physical address in some storage device or computing system Address space , a range of discrete memory addresses Addressability , the ability of a digital device to individually respond to a message sent to many similar devices The part of a selection Signaling telecommunications that indicates the destination of a call disambiguation cs Adresa rozcestn k de Adresse fr Adresse ko id Alamat he ka mk nl Adres ja no Adresse pl Adres pt Endere o ro Adres dezambiguizare ru sk Adresa fi Osoite t smennyssivu tl Address uk ... more details
onesource date January 2008 Deleted image removed Image No Address.jpg thumb No Address No Address is an alternative rock post grunge band from Tallahassee, Florida . They are best known for their single When I m Gone Sadie 12 Mainstream Rock Tracks, 21 Modern Rock Tracks ref http www.billboard.com bbcom retrieve chart history.do?model.vnuArtistId 652120&model.vnuAlbumId 673557 Billboard Search Results ref . On May 18, 2007, melodic.net posted an article about lead singer Ben Lauren s future solo album under the Indegoot Entertainment umbrella. Band Breakup The band announced their breakup on Wednesday, September 6, 2006 in a MySpace blog with the headline The End . Here is the posted blurb I wish that I could be more specific about what happened. It s a long story and it doesn t matter anyhow. What matters is that the old makes way for the new. We are all still doing music in some capacity, some of us are together and some of us aren t. Bands break up, relationships change, music takes us other places. Time Doesn t Notice and the tours in 2005 were precious memories for all of us and YOU made that happen for No Address. Thanks so much for giving us such great experiences. Band Reunion On June 21, 2007 the band cryptically announced a possible reunion in a MySpace blog with the headline The New Old No Address Record Let It Out. The blog hints that a new record may be in the bands future. On July 13, 2007 Ben Lauren posted a bulletin on MySpace saying All original members are back. A new record is being recorded beginning in September. Very exciting news . In late April, 2009, Ben Lauren sent a cryptic message through Twitter that hinted to a reunion. The details were released at a later date that No Address would be headlining the Second Annual Soldier City Benefit For The Troops on May 16, 2009 in St. Cloud, FL. Current Line up Ben Lauren Vocals and Sweet English teacher ... noaddress No Address MySpace page http www.myspace.com benlauren Ben Lauren MySpace page ... more details
The Message may refer to Literature The Message Animorphs The Message Animorphs , the fourth book in the Animorphs series The Message Bible , a contemporary rendering of the Holy Bible The Message short story The Message short story , by Isaac Asimov The Message , a short story by Andrew J McKiernan Music The Message Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five album The Message Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five album , the 1982 debut album by Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five The Message Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five song The Message Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five song , the above album s title track The Message J. R. Monterose album The Message J. R. Monterose album , a 1959 album by jazz saxophonist J. R. Monterose The Message MFG album The Message MFG album , a 2001 album by Message From God The Message Gerry Weil album The Message Gerry Weil album , a 1971 Venezuelan music album by Gerry Weil The Message Sirius XM , a United States radio station The Message Nas song The Message Nas song , a song from the album It Was Written by Nas The Message , a song from the album 2001 Dr. Dre album 2001 by Dr. Dre The Message , a song from the self titled album of Sofia Shinas The Message , a new wave band from Nidderdale, Yorkshire, England. Released 2 Singles, Empty Promise and a Empty Promise released by singer & drummer separately from original line up 1978 1982 The Message ... Television The Message Firefly The Message Firefly , the twelfth episode of science fiction television series Firefly The Message Prison Break episode The Message Prison Break episode , the thirty seventh episode of the American television series Prison Break The Message The Outer Limits The Message The Outer Limits , an episode of The Outer Limits television show The Message TV series The Message TV series , a surreal comedy series Film The Message 1918 film The Message 1918 film , starring A. V. Bramble Mohammad, Messenger of God , also known as The Message , a 1976 film about the story of Islam ... more details
wiktionary initial An initial is a letter at the beginning of a written work, a chapter or a paragraph that is larger than the rest of the text. Initial may also refer to Rentokil Initial , the washroom, hygiene, laundry and building management services division of Rentokil Initial , now branded as InitialInitial linguistics , part of a syllable that precedes the syllable nucleus in phonetics and phonology Initial Records , an American record label Initial album Initial album , the debut album by the band Person L See also Initialism disambig sh Inicijal razvrstavanje ... more details
wiktionary initial point Initial Point may refer to Initial Point of the Gila and Salt River Base Line and Meridian , Avondale, Arizona, National Register of Historic Places listings in Maricopa County, Arizona listed on the NRHP in Maricopa County, Arizona Initial Point of Boundary Between U.S. and Mexico , San Diego, California, National Register of Historic Places listings in San Diego County, California listed on the NRHP in San Diego County, California Initial Point, of Oklahoma panhandle survey from 1871 treaty, near Fort Arbuckle Oklahoma geodis ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Initial J Jay Chou s Greatest Hits Theme Songs from Initial D The Movie Type greatest Artist Jay Chou Longtype Cover jaychou initialj.jpg Caption Initial J Jay Chou s Greatest Hits Theme Songs from Initial D The Movie cover Released Start date 2005 08 31 df yes Recorded Genre Mandopop Length Duration m 52 s 24 Language Standard Chinese Mandarin Label Sony Music Entertainment Japan Sony Music Japan Producer Alfa Music Reviews Last album Incomparable Jay Concert Live br 2004 br 2004 This album Initial J br 2005 Next album November s Chopin br br 2005 Initial J Jay Chou s Greatest Hits Theme Songs from Initial D The Movie is Taiwanese people Taiwanese Mandopop artist Jay Chou s first Japanese release greatest hits album . It was released on 31 August 2005 ref zh icon Yesasia.com http www.yesasia.com global initial j jay chou greatest hits theme songs from 1004040360 0 0 0 en info.html Initial J Jay Chou s Greatest Hits album info 31 August 2005. Retrieved 2011 04 15 ref by Sony Music Entertainment Japan Sony Music Japan . A Limited .... ref zh icon Yesasia.com http www.yesasia.com global initial j jay chou greatest hits theme songs from initial d the movie 1004033633 0 0 0 en info.html Initial J Jay Chou s Greatest Hits limited edition ... North , and ending theme song, Drifting , of Initial D film Initial D starring Chou, Anthony ... listing Yi Lu Xiang Bei All the Way North Initial D film Initial D ending theme 4 57 Shuang ... Feng Po East Wind Breaks 5 17 Qi Li Xiang Common Jasmin Orange 4 59 Piao Yi Drifting Initial D film Initial D opening theme 3 49 Limited edition track listing Ke Ai N Ren Adorable Woman ... 4 59 Wai Po Grandma 4 07 Piao Yi Drifting Initial D film Initial D opening theme 3 49 Yi Lu Xiang Bei All the Way North Initial D film Initial D ending theme 4 57 Bonus DVD Adorable ... Music video compilation albums Category Sony Music Japan albums Taiwan music stub hu Initial ... more details
orphan date April 2010 Image Illuminated.bible.closeup.arp.jpg thumb right This letter P is an example of an historiated initial depicting Peter in an illuminated Latin bible, 1407 AD. An ornamental or Typeface Ornamental typefaces illustrated character is found in medieval and Gothic writings where usually the initial character on a page, chapter, or passage is large and encompass multiple lines. ref cite journal last1 Pareti first1 Rudolph last2 Vincent first2 Nicole year 2005 title Global Discrimination of Graphic Styles journal Graphics recognition ten years review and future perspectives 6th international workshop, GREC 2005 volume issue pages 120 121 publisher Springer doi url accessdate ref When the embellished character is illustrated it may also be known as an historiated initial . References reflist Category Illuminated manuscripts ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The Initial Command Type studio Artist Front Line Assembly Cover Front Line Assembly The Initial Command.jpg Released Start date 1987 12 Recorded Genre Industrial music Industrial Length Label KK Records KK Third Mind Records Third Mind Producer Bill Leeb , Michael Balch Reviews Last album Total Terror br 1986 This album The Initial Command br 1987 Next album State of Mind Front Line Assembly album State of Mind br 1988 Misc Extra album cover Upper caption Alternative cover Type Studio album Lower caption Re release 1997 Cover The Initial Command 2.png The Initial Command is the third release by Canadian Industrial music Industrial band Front Line Assembly . This is the group s first album since their first two releases, Nerve War and Total Terror , were Demo music demo tapes . The music was created mostly by Bill Leeb with some help from Michael Balch. Since the 1987 release of The Initial Command, the album has been re issued twice. The first release, in 1992, contained no changes. The second release, in 1997, contained two new tracks and new cover art. Track listing tracklist all writing lyrics credits no collapsed no headline 1987 Release total length 48 40 title1 The State length1 6 16 title2 Insanity Lurks Nearby length2 6 10 title3 Casualties length3 4 46 title4 Ausgang Zum Himmel length4 7 14 title5 Nine Times length5 6 27 title6 Black March length6 5 59 title7 No Control length7 6 37 title8 Slaughterhouse length8 5 11 tracklist all writing lyrics credits no collapsed no headline 1997 Re release total length 62 46 title1 ... Line Assembly The Initial Command publisher Mindphaser 3.0 url http www.mindphaser.com index.php?page id 252 accessdate 2010 04 10 ref ref cite web title Front Line Assembly The Initial Command publisher Discogs url http www.discogs.com Front Line Assembly The Initial Command release 198620 accessdate ... Reflist Front Line Assembly DEFAULTSORT Initial Command, The Category 1987 albums 1980s rock album ... more details
In general topology and related areas of mathematics , the initial topology or weak topology or limit ... cases of initial topologies. Indeed, the initial topology construction can be viewed as a generalization ... math f i X to Y i math the initial topology &tau on math X math is the coarsest topology on X such that each math f i X, tau to Y i math is continuous function topology continuous . Explicitly, the initial ... sets. Examples Several topological constructions can be regarded as special cases of the initial topology. The subspace topology is the initial topology on the subspace with respect to the inclusion map . The product topology is the initial topology with respect to the family of projection map ... limit together with the initial topology determined by the canonical morphisms. The weak topology on a locally convex space is the initial topology with respect to the continuous linear form s of its dual space . Given a indexed family family of topologies &tau sub i sub on a fixed set X the initial ... or join of the topologies &tau sub i sub in the lattice of topologies on X . That is, the initial ... sub . A topological space is completely regular if and only if it has the initial topology with respect ... X has the initial topology with respect to the family of continuous functions from X to the Sierpi ski space . Properties Characteristic property The initial topology on X can be characterized by the following ... 01.png center Characteristic property of the initial topology Evaluation By the universal property ... . The evaluation map f will be a topological embedding if and only if X has the initial topology ... or not the topology on X is the initial topology induced by some family of maps on X . This section ... points from closed sets, the space X has the initial topology induced by the maps f sub i sub . The converse fails, since generally the cylinder sets will only form a subbase and not a base for the initial ... map will be an embedding. Categorical description In the language of category theory , the initial ... more details
Lead too long date November 2010 Infobox record label name Initial Records image Image Initial logo.png parent founded 1992 founder Andy Rich defunct distributor br Mordam genre Hardcore punk br Metalcore br Pop punk br Post hardcore br Indie rock br Emo country United States location Louisville, KY Initial Records was an iconic Louisville based independent record label during the Nineties and early part of the new millennium. Initial released records from hardcore punk to indie rock over its 12 year span. Initial was well known for releasing genre defining records from Falling Forward , Boysetsfire and Ink & Dagger , and creating the annual weekend long music festival, Krazy Fest . History Initial was founded in 1992 in a Dunkin Donuts in suburban Detroit by three high school friends, Dennis Hepinstall, Carolyn Smith and Andy Rich. That evening the three banded together over coffee and doughnuts to re release the 7 single from local Detroit based hardcore heroes Pittbull. Carolyn s interest waned early in the project after her long standing relationship with Dennis ended and she bowed out. Dennis would stick around for another few years while Andy attended the Haworth College of Business at Western Michigan University and commuted back to suburbia to work on the label on weekends. By 1995 Dennis had enough and ended his tenure with the label as well. After graduating college with a bachelor ... fledgling label with him. Fruition Over the next few years Initial would blossom into one of independent music s most well known labels. The April 1998 issue of Playboy magazine declared Initial one ... 1998 issue of Alternative Press magazine Alternative Press Magazine named Initial as one of Ten independent .... Krazy Fest Krazy Fest was the brain child of Initial Records President Andy Rich. It was a weekend .... Final Release Initial s last release to date was a posthumous CD from Louisville hardcore legends .... Epilogue Longtime Initial Records label chief Andy Rich now resides in Las Vegas Valley Las Vegas ... more details
Initial stability is the resistance of a boat to a small amount of lateral tilting from its Mechanical equilibrium equilibrium position . It is determined by the difference in the volume of water Displacement fluid displaced on each side of the boat as it tilts and is relatively independent of Hull watercraft hull shape for small angles of tilt. The wider the boat, the greater the difference in water volume displaced during lateral tilting and the greater the initial stability. Wide boats such as the jonsboat have a great deal of initial stability and allow the occupants to stand upright to engage in fishing activities. Very narrow boats such as canoe s and kayak s have little initial stability. It is essential to keep the centre of gravity as low as possible in such craft so occupants generally sit down at all times. Flatwater racing shells rowing shells , which have length to Beam nautical beam ratios of up to 30 1 are inherently unstable and must be actively balanced by the athletes. After approximately 10 degrees of lateral tilt hull shape gains importance and secondary stability becomes the dominant consideration in boat stability. Category Classical mechanics Category Boats unreferenced date January 2008 ... more details
Image Illuminated.bible.closeup.arp.jpg thumb right The letter P as a historiated initial depicting Peter in an illuminated Latin bible, 1407 AD. Colored with paint and gold leaf . File Leningrad bede.jpg thumb right The oldest historiated initial known, St Petersburg Bede, 8th century. A historiated initial is an enlarged Letter alphabet letter at the beginning of a paragraph or other section of text, which contains a picture. Strictly speaking, an inhabited initial contains figures human or animal that are decorative only, without forming a subject, whereas in a historiated initial there is an identifiable figure or a specific scene. Both sorts became very common and elaborate in luxury illuminated manuscript s. These initials were first seen in the Insular art of the early 8th century. The earliest known example is in the Saint Petersburg Bede , an Insular manuscript of 731 46, and the Vespasian Psalter has another. ref Brown, 10 ref The size and decoration of the initial further gives clues to both its importance and location. Letters that began a new section of a text or a particularly noteworthy section might receive more flourishes and space. In luxury manuscripts an entire page might be devoted to a historiated initial. ref Clemens, 2007, p.29 ref Both the size and the ostentatiousness of a manuscript reflect both on the status of the manuscript and on its owner. Manuscripts meant for everyday use or use by friars or university students often possessed little illumination, and hardly any elaborate historiated initials or flourishes. By contrast, manuscripts commissioned by wealthy patrons or for a wealthy monastery often possessed gold or silver illuminations, whereas simpler examples just used pen and ink. See also Miniature illuminated manuscript Calligraphy Tree ... initial 35 historiated initials from the Huntington Library http ccat.sas.upenn.edu jtreat song 270.html Historiated Initial from the Song of Songs http www.visual arts cork.com cultural history ... more details
about the album by Person L Initial disambiguation Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Initial Type Album Artist Person L Cover Released August 5, 2008 Recorded Genre Emo br Indie rock br Post hardcore br Experimental rock Length 35 19 Label Human Interest Producer Reviews AbsolutePunk.net 86 http www.absolutepunk.net showthread.php?t 454841 link Last album This album Initial br 2008 Next album The Positives album The Positives br 2009 Initial is the debut album from the band Person L , released on August 5, 2008. Kenny Vasoli self recorded the album in his home studio in late 2007 2008 and released it through his record label, Human Interest. Several of the songs originate from demos he worked on while on tour with The Starting Line . Track listing Wooden Soldiers 4 38 Holy Hell 2 10 Help Yourself 4 09 Canyonlands 5 48 Born In the Rainy Days of May 4 20 We re Gonna Run Out of Road 4 17 Sunshine 5 21 Storms 4 36 Trivia 2. Holy Hell is inspired by the band Drive Like Jehu , according to frontman Kenny Vasoli . Category 2008 albums Category Person L albums Category Human Interest albums ... more details
IPA notice Initial dropping is a sound change whereby the first consonant s of words are dropped. Additionally, stress linguistics stress may shift from the first to the second syllable, and the first vowel may be shortened, reduced, or dropped, which can mean the loss of the entire first syllable of a word. These changes have occurred independently in several Australian Aboriginal languages Australian Aboriginal language groups . Initial dropping may affect all initial consonants, or only some or one of them. It may affect all words that start with those consonants, or sporadically affect some words and not others. In some languages, it seems to have only affected interjection s, and words commonly used as vocative s such as pronoun s and kin terms. Like all sound changes, it may affect an entire language or just some dialect s, and may affect multiple adjacent languages or dialects. Motivation Initial dropping is caused by the nature of stress linguistics stress in Australian languages although stress is usually on the first syllable, the pitch peak of stress occurs late in the syllable .... Secondary effects Cluster simplification The loss of the initial vowel can result in a difficult consonant cluster. Some languages avoid this by disallowing initial dropping if the result is a difficult cluster. In Mbabaram language Mbabaram for example, initial dropping doesn t occur if it results ... Other languages allow initial dropping, dropping additional consonants if needed tosimplify the cluster ... is. When this conditioning element is lost in initial dropping, these allophones become phoneme s. New ... if the first syllable started with IPA or IPA . When initial dropping occurred and the IPA ... or a IPA w , and the vowel in the first syllable was short. When initial consonants were dropped and initial ... IPA ama IPA ama IPA ama ar mother IPA ar is a Affix suffix . List of initial dropping languages For details about the extent of initial dropping in a particular language, see that language s article ... more details
Other uses Plot date July 2010 Infobox animanga Header name Initial D image Image Initial D Logo.png 225px caption Initial D franchise Logo ja kanji D ja romaji Inisharu D genre Action genre Action ... 1995 last volumes 44 volume list List of Initial D chapters Infobox animanga Video type tv series ... Network Adult Swim ref Initial D on Adult Swim. Adult Swim. http madboards.madman.com.au viewtopic.php?t 18771 . Retrieved on September 10, 2009. ref br flagicon United States Funimation Channel ref Initial ... on May 15, 2010. ref first April 18, 1998 last November 28, 1998 episodes 26 episode list List of Initial D episodes Initial D First Stage 1998 Infobox animanga Video type tv series title Initial D Second ... 14, 1999 last January 6, 2000 episodes 13 episode list List of Initial D episodes Initial D Second Stage Oct 21,1999 Jan 01,2000 Infobox animanga Video type ova title Initial D Extra Stage director Shishi ... 25 minutes each episodes 2 episode list List of Initial D episodes Initial D Extra Stage 2000 Infobox animanga Video type film title Initial D Third Stage director Noboru Mitsusawa producer writer ... released January 13, 2001 runtime 105 minutes Infobox animanga Video type ova title Initial D Battle ... Infobox animanga Video type tv series title Initial D Fourth Stage director Tsuneo Tominaga producer ... 24 episode list List of Initial D episodes Initial D Fourth Stage 2004 Infobox animanga Video type ova title Initial D Battle Stage 2 director Tsuneo Tominaga producer writer music studio released May 30, 2007 runtime 45 minutes Infobox animanga Video type ova title Initial D Extra Stage 2 director ... animanga Footer nihongo Initial D D Inisharu D is a manga by Shuichi Shigeno which has ... anime series by OB Planning, Studio Comet , Studio Gallop , Pastel, and A.C.G.T , and a Initial D film ... See also List of Initial D chapters Set in the late 1990s to early 2000s in Japan s Gunma Prefecture ... racing were honed, as was his ability to drive under adverse weather conditions. Image Initial ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 Initial Advantage IA is a recognized 501 C 3 non profit organization based in Boston , Massachusetts , United States, whose mission is to connect young, student entrepreneurs with the resources and guidance they need to be successful. Initial Advantage was founded by David Tranen and Aaron O Hearn while in school at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts . The two were closely followed by a group of Clark University students strongly committed to academics, with a serious focus and interest in pursuing their passion and putting ideas into action to make a difference. Today, Initial Advantage uses its Network of Connectors to put student entrepreneurs in touch with the right people. The organization also takes an active approach in fostering mentor mentee relationships between the entrepreneurs and key mentors, and will offer the entrepreneurs access to seed funding through IA s own fund. Throughout its life cycle, Initial Advantage has helped incubate and launch a host of start ups that include http www.initialadvantage.org ?page id 13 IPS http www.initialadvantage.org ?page id 14 Onslaught Battle Circuit http www.initialadvantage.org ?page id 15 Campus Book Brokerage http www.initialadvantage.org ?page id 16 Rosenak & Co. http www.initialadvantage.org ?page id 17 International Investment Strategies http www.myforeignaid.com MyForeignAid http www.initialadvantage.org entrenet The Entrenet http www.facingtheweb.com Facing The Web See also Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship education Social entrepreneur External links official http www.initialadvantage.org Category Non profit organizations based in the United States ... more details
In mathematics , an initial algebra is an initial object in the F algebra category of F algebras for a given endofunctor F . The initiality provides a general framework for mathematical induction induction and recursion . For instance, consider the endofunctor 1 on the category of sets, where 1 is the one point set, the terminal object in the category. An algebra for this endofunctor is a set X called the carrier of the algebra together with a point nowrap x X and a function nowrap X X . The set of natural number s is the carrier of the initial such algebra the point is zero and the function is the successor map. For a second example, consider the endofunctor 1 N on the category of sets, where N is the set of natural numbers. An algebra for this endofunctor is a set X together with a point nowrap x X and a function nowrap N X X . The set of finite List computing list s of natural numbers is the initial such algebra. The point is the empty list, and the function is cons , taking a number and a finite list, and returning a new finite list with the number at the head. Final coalgebra Dually ... of the head and the tail of the input list. Theorems Initial algebras are minimal i.e., have no proper ... succ N longrightarrow N math are the obvious functions suggested by their names, is an initial math ... , such as List computing list s and tree s, can be obtained as initial algebras of specific endofunctors. While there may be several initial algebras for a given endofunctor, they are unique up to isomorphism ... captured by defining it as an initial algebra. To obtain the datatype type math List A math of lists ... for the endofunctor F sending math X math to math 1 A times X math . It is, in fact, the initial ... as the initial algebra math tip,join A Tree A times Tree A longrightarrow Tree A math . Types obtained ... with functor F can be regarded as an initial F algebra , provided that parametricity holds for the type ... Initial Algebra and Final Coalgebra Semantics for Concurrency by J.J.M.M. Rutten ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Initial Detonation were a crust punk band from Joplin, Missouri Joplin , Missouri . Many of the members guitarist Roger Hannifan, bassist Mike Jilge, and drummer Larry Deardorff had been in the earlier, more hardcore punk , band Encrusted and Roger had played drums in an early incarnation of Total Chaos band Total Chaos . The early nucleus of the group, Roger, Mike, Larry and singer Jeanene Maddox merged with another group, Satan s Ice Cream Truck a duo, Ritchie Randall on electric guitar and Garry Moore singing to form the final line up of the band, now with two guitarists and dual vocals. They were in existence from 1997&ndash 2001. Mike and Larry have continued to play in another ongoing project, Freakflag . A new band KROM has been formed by Ritchie, Larry, and Mike. Releases Demo cassette, 1998, Reality Impaired Recordings S T 7 on Sensual Underground Ministries , 1998 So Selleth the Shepherd, So Buyeth the Flock 7 on Sensual Underground Ministries, 1999 Category Crust and d beat groups ... more details
Cosmology The initial singularity was the gravitational singularity of infinite density thought to have contained all of the mass and spacetime of the Universe before quantum fluctuations caused it to rapidly explode in the Big Bang and subsequent Inflation physics inflation , creating the present day Universe. ref name handf space cite news url http www.space.com 13347 big bang origins universe birth.html title The Big Bang What Really Happened at Our Universe s Birth? work The History & Future of the Cosmos date 21 October 2011 agency Space.com accessdate April 16, 2012 author Wall, Mike ref Traditional models of the Universe File CMB Timeline300 no WMAP.jpg 280px thumb left The traditional model of the Big Bang. General relativity predicts that at the beginning of the Universe, a body containing all mass, energy, and spacetime in the Universe would be compressed to an infinitely dense point. The use of only general relativity to predict what happened in the beginnings of the Universe has been heavily criticized, as quantum mechanics becomes a significant factor in the high energy environment of the earliest Universe, and general relativity on its own fails to make accurate predictions. ref name handf space ref name scidaily cite news url http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2007 07 070702084231.htm title What Happened Before The Big Bang? date 2 July 2007 agency ScienceDaily accessdate April 16, 2012 author Penn State ref In response to the inaccuracy of considering only general relativity, as in the traditional model of the Big Bang, alternative theoretical formulations for the beginning of the Universe have been proposed, including a string theory based model in which two branes , enormous mem branes much larger than the Universe, collided, creating mass and energy. ref name hsw cite news url http science.howstuffworks.com dictionary astronomy terms before big bang1.htm ... day. However, evidence for the existence of an initial singularity, and the Big Bang theory itself ... more details
Other uses Unreferenced date August 2008 In postal mail , a return address is an explicit inclusion of the address of the person sending the message. It provides the recipient and sometimes authorized intermediaries with a means to determine how to respond to the sender of the message if needed. The return address need not include a sender s name, but should include address geography address or Post Office box P.O. box details in the same way as the delivery address should. In some countries, the return address is conventionally located in the upper left hand corner of the envelope , card, or label. In the United Kingdom , the return address is usually placed on the reverse of the envelope, near the top. Businesses often use envelopes preprinted with a return address. Many individuals have sheets of adhesive labels preprinted with their home address to affix to their correspondence. Charities sometimes include such sheets in mailshots. Rolls of Return Address Labels can be purchased from companies that sell personalized labels to provide individuals an easy way to peel and stick return address labels to their envelopes. The return address is not required on postal mail. However, lack of a return address prevents the postal service from being able to return the item if it proves undeliverable such as from damage, postage due , or invalid destination. Such mail may thus become dead letter mail . Should the return address be of a different state or country, the mail may be routed through that location for ease of return. Category Postal system es Direcci n de retorno ... more details
unreferenced date April 2010 orphan date October 2008 In military cryptography , a codress message is an encryption encrypted message whose address is also encrypted. This is usually done to prevent traffic analysis . Category Cryptography crypto stub ... more details
A bounce address is an e mail address to which bounce message s are delivered. There are many variants .... bounce address When an e mail can not be delivered, the MTA will create a bounce message and send it to the address given by the tt MAIL FROM tt command. Used in RFC 4406. return path When the e ... sender , MAIL FROM , 5321 FROM , return address , From , Errors to , etc. It is not uncommon for a single document to use several of these names. All of these names refer to the e mail address ..., the bounce address is not seen by e mail users and, without standardization of the name, it may cause confusion. An e mail message can be thought of as resembling a Letter message letter in an envelope ... with the body of the message. These are analogous to the letterhead and body of a letter. The to and from information is usually copied to the envelope, and used to deliver the message. While it is most ... header will come from the person who sent the e mail to the list, while the bounce address will be set ... take advantage of properties of the bounce address, such as It is given early in the SMTP session, so a message can be rejected without receiving its body. It is typically not seen by users so it can ... Agent software, so it is easy for other programs to use. In contrast, the from address in the body ... reduction in Bounce Address Tag Validation . Terminology The various terms have different origins and sometimes ... with the name Return Path containing the address on the tt MAIL FROM tt command. Earlier forms of e ... sender address. Used in RFC 5321, RFC 3464, RFC 3834, Internet Mail Architecture. envelope ... 5230, RFC 5233. envelope sender address the mailbox address in a non empty reverse path excluding any ... return address similar to envelope sender address, used in RFC 3461, RFC 3464, RFC 3834, RFC 4952 ... that the address referred to is the tt MAIL FROM tt information, while 2822 From refers to the address ... October, 2008, SMTP has been defined in RFC 5321. return address Another term that comes from the latter ... more details
A broadcast address is a logical address at which all devices connected to a multiple access communications network are enabled to receive datagram s. A message sent to a broadcast address is typically received by all network attached hosts, rather than by a specific host. visible anchor IP networking ... identification field, traditionally called the rest field, of an IP address . ref RFC 919 ... in RFC 919 as the standard broadcast address for networks that support broadcast. This method of using the all ones address was first proposed by R. Gurwitz and R. Hinden in 1982 IEN 212 . ref http www.rfc ... subnets and Classless Inter Domain Routing changed this slightly, so that the all ones host address of each subnet is that subnet s broadcast address. ref RFC 922, Broadcasting Internet Datagrams In the Presence of Subnets , J. Mogul October 1984 ref The broadcast address for an IPv4 host can be obtained ... and the host s IP address. Example For broadcasting a packet to an entire IPv4 subnet using the private IP address space 172.16.0.0 12, which has the subnet mask 255.240.0.0, the broadcast address is 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 172.31.255.255. A special definition exists for the IP broadcast address tt 255.255.255.255 tt . It is the broadcast address of the zero network or 0.0.0.0, which in Internet Protocol standards stands for this network , i.e. the local network. Transmission to this address is limited ... to use the all hosts address, though instead, they send and receive on particular link local ... to MAC address tt FF FF FF FF FF FF tt . Ethernet frames that contain IP broadcast packages are usually sent to this address. Ethernet broadcasts are used by Address Resolution Protocol to translate ... the network address is specified as tt FFFFFFFF tt , a packet is sent to all networks available. When the target node address is specified as tt FFFFFFFFFFFF tt , the packet is intended to be received by all hosts in the network. See also Default gateway Multicast address UDP Helper Address &mdash ... more details
Message ID is a unique identifier for a digital message , most commonly a globally unique identifier used in email and Usenet newsgroup s. ref cite book title Digital evidence and computer crime forensic science, computers and the Internet author Eoghan Casey publisher Academic Press year 2004 isbn 0121631044 page 506 ref Message IDs are required to have a specific format which is a subset of an email address ref http tools.ietf.org html rfc5322 RFC5322 Internet Message Format ref though Microsoft Outlook is known to generate invalid IDs with three parts ref https issues.apache.org SpamAssassin show bug.cgi?id 5666 SpamAssassin Bug 5666 New Outlook Message ID format causes FORGED MUA OUTLOOK FP ref and to be globally unique. That is, no two different messages must ever have the same Message ID. A common technique used by many message systems is to use a time and date stamp along with the local host s domain name, e.g., 950124.162336 example.com. ref http tools.ietf.org html rfc2392 RFC2392 Content ID and Message ID Uniform Resource Locators ref See also RFC 822 superseded by 2822 RFC 2111 RFC 2822 superseded by 5322 RFC 5322 http www.jwz.org doc mid.html Recommendations for generating Message IDs References reflist Category Universal identifiers Category Email Category Usenet Internet stub de Message ID es Message ID pl Message ID ... more details
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