protein Name IFNAR1 interferon alpha, beta and omega receptor 1 caption image width HGNCid 5432 Symbol IFNAR1 AltSymbols IFNAR EntrezGene 3454 OMIM 107450 RefSeq NM 000629 UniProt P17181 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 21 Arm q Band 22.1 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name IFNAR2 interferon alpha, beta and omega receptor 2 caption Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy NMR structure of the interferon binding ectodomain of the human interferon receptor. ref name pmid12842042 PDB 1n6u cite journal author Chill JH, Quadt SR, Levy R, Schreiber G, Anglister J title The human type I interferon receptor NMR structure reveals the molecular basis of ligand binding journal Structure volume 11 issue 7 pages 791 802 year 2003 month July pmid 12842042 doi 10.1016 S0969 2126 03 00120 5 url ref image Biochem Mol..png width HGNCid 5433 Symbol IFNAR2 AltSymbols IFNABR EntrezGene 3455 OMIM 602376 RefSeq NM 207585 UniProt P48551 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 21 Arm q Band 22.1 LocusSupplementaryData The interferon receptor IFNAR is a receptor which binds interferon type I type I interferons including interferon and . It is a heteromeric receptor composed of one chain with two subunits referred to as IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 . ref name pmid17969444 cite journal author Uz G, Schreiber G, Piehler J, Pellegrini S title The receptor of the type I interferon family journal Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. volume ... that show probable common evolution. The domain, or evolutionary unit observed in nature, is the Interferon alpha beta receptor beta chain. Species was human. References Reflist External links MeshName Receptor, Interferon alpha beta Cytokine receptors Category Cytokine receptors biochemistry ... receptor. Binding of cytokine follows a JAK STAT signaling pathway . Interferon stimulation results ... IFNAR is clustered into the group beta proteins based on its secondary structural content. IFNAR s folds show a clear evolutionary relationship to the Immunoglobulin beta sandwich. It is grouped ... more details
1B may refer to Alpha 1B adrenergic receptor Arginine vasopressin receptor 1B GCR Class 1B , a class of British 2 6 4T steam locomotive Interferonbeta1b Melatonin receptor 1B National Highway 1B India Baseball First baseman Single baseball See also B1 disambiguation Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages Letter NumberCombDisambig de 1B it 1B ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 458271012 IUPAC name Human interferonbeta image Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com CONS interferonbeta1b MedlinePlus a601151 pregnancy category legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID NA CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 145155 23 3 ATC prefix L03 ATC suffix AB08 ATC supplemental PubChem DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank DB00068 KEGG Ref keggcite changed kegg KEGG D00746 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 1201563 Chemical data C 908 H 1408 N 246 O 253 S 6 molecular weight 20011.0 g mol Interferonbeta1b tradenames Betaferon , Betaseron North America , Extavia and ZIFERON is a medication drug in the interferon family used to treat the relapsing remitting ... to interferonbeta s beneficial effects. These studies were carried out in vitro , so it does not necessarily mean it works the same in people. Patients taking Interferonbeta1b may develop neutralizing ... America , now part of Bayer HealthCare. Novartis has also introduced Extavia, a new brand of interferonbeta1b, in 2009. In 2010 ZIFERON a new brand for interferonbeta1b has also been brought in by Zistdaru Danesh Ltd. Closely related is interferonbeta 1a , also indicated for MS, and with a very similar drug profile. See also Interferonbeta 1a Multiple sclerosis References Reflist External links http www.betaseron.com betaseron.com Interferons Immunostimulants DEFAULTSORT InterferonBeta1b Category Cytokines Category Immunostimulants cs Interferonbeta1b it Interferone beta1b he 1b nl Interferon b ta 1b pl Interferonbeta1b ru sr Interferonbeta1b ... of the affliction as well as reduce the frequency of attacks. It is believed that interferonbeta ... properties. Studies have also determined that interferonbeta improves the integrity of the blood brain ... more details
beta1b , also may be indicated for Multiple Sclerosis, and with a very similar drug profile. Interferonbeta1b is marketed only by Bayer in the US as Betaseron and outside the US as Betaferon. Extavia is a new brand of interferonbeta1b to be marketed by Novartis beginning in 2009. See also Interferonbeta1b References Reflist Interferons DEFAULTSORT InterferonBeta 1a Category Cytokines Category Pfizer Category Immunostimulants cs Interferonbeta 1a fa fr Interf ron b ta 1a it Interferone beta 1a he 1a nl Interferon b ta 1a ru 1a sr Interferon ...mergeto IFNB1 discuss Talk Interferonbeta 1a Merge with IFNB1? date September 2011 drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 458271076 IUPAC name Human interferonbeta image 1AU1 Human Interferon Beta01.png ... weight 20027.0 g mol Interferonbeta 1a also interferonbeta 1 alpha is a drug in the interferon ..., Lyseng Williamson KA title Spotlight on subcutaneous recombinant interferonbeta 1a Rebif in relapsing ... doi 10.2165 00063030 200519050 00005 ref It is produced by mammalian cells, while Interferonbeta1b is produced in modified E. coli . Interferons have been shown to produce about a 18 38 reduction ... for MS, though starting a course of interferons early may slow its progress. Interferonbeta 1a ... . Overview It is believed that Interferonbeta based drugs achieve their beneficial effect on MS progression via their inflammation anti inflammatory properties. Studies have also determined that Interferon ... date June 2010 This strengthening of the BBB may be a contributing factor to InterferonBeta s beneficial ... http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus druginfo meds a604005.html title Interferonbeta 1a Subcutaneous Injection ref ref name Avonex cite web title Avonex Interferonbeta la url http www.fda.gov downloads ... as well as relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and is similar to the interferonbeta protein produced ... name of recombinant Interferonbeta 1 a, which is manufactured as biosimilar biogeneric in Iran ... more details
CAZy CDD Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 458270952 IUPAC name Human interferon gamma 1b Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com monograph interferon gamma MedlinePlus a601152 pregnancy ... fibroblast like cells further walling off the infection. Therapeutic use Interferon1b is used ... KL title Interferon gamma 1b. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in chronic granulomatous ...PBB geneid 3458 Infobox protein family Symbol IFN gamma Name Interferon gamma image PDB 1eku EBI.jpg ... ChemSpiderID NA Chemical data C 761 H 1206 N 214 O 225 S 6 molecular weight 17145.6 g mol Interferon ... II class of interferon s. ref name pmid6180322 cite journal author Gray PW, Goeddel DV title Structure of the human immune interferon gene journal Nature volume 298 issue 5877 pages 859 63 year 1982 month August pmid 6180322 doi 10.1038 298859a0 url ref This interferon was originally called macrophage ... Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Shows TB, Law ML, Goeddel DV, Gray PW title Human immune interferon gene ... accessdate ref Function IFN , or type II interferon, is a cytokine that is critical for innate immunity ..., Wilson CB title Regulation of interferon gamma during innate and adaptive immune responses journal ... Kumar S, et al. title Three dimensional structure of recombinant human interferon gamma journal Science ... molecules. ref name PDB 1FG9 see also Interferon gamma receptor Cellular responses to IFN are activated through its interaction with a heterodimeric receptor consisting of Interferon gamma receptor 1 IFNGR1 and Interferon gamma receptor 2 IFNGR2 . IFN binding to the receptor activates the JAK ... journal author Sadir R, Forest E, Lortat Jacob H. title The heparan sulfate binding sequence of interferon gamma increased the on rate of the interferon gamma interferon gamma receptor complex formation ... JP, et al. title NMR characterization of the interaction between the C terminal domain of interferon ..., Grimaud JA title Interferon gamma binds to heparan sulfate by a cluster of amino acids located in the C ... more details
SICRAL 1B is a communications satellite built by Thales Alenia Space . It is a dual use spacecraft Telespazio will use some of the satellite s transmission capacity and some will be used by the Italian defense ministry and NATO. The spacecraft is based on the Italsat 3000 bus and includes one EHF Ka band, three UHF band and five active SHF band transponders. It is designed to be operable for 13 years. ref cite web url http www.sea launch.com news releases 2009 nr 090416.html title Sea Launch Counts Down to SICRAL 1B Launch publisher Sea Launch ref Construction Thales Alenia Space was the prime contractor for development and construction of the SICRAL 1B satellite. ref cite web url http www.thalesonline.com space Press Room Press Release search all Press Release search result Press Release Article.html?link 35751037 5a34 4a7c 5874 1b6e36251f22 central&locale EN gb&Title Italian satellite SICRAL 1B ready for launch on April 19&dis 1 title Italian satellite SICRAL 1B ready for launch on April 19 publisher Thales Alenia Space date 9 April 2009 ref Launch On April 20, 2009 Sea Launch used a Zenit 3SL to carry SICRAL 1B into a geosynchronous transfer orbit . Liftoff from the Ocean Odyssey launch platform took place at 08 16 GMT. ref cite web url http www.sea launch.com news releases 2009 nr 090420.html title Sea Launch Successfully Delivers SICRAL 1B Satellite to Orbit date April 20, 2009 publisher Sea Launch ref References reflist Orbital launches in 2009 Category Artificial satellites orbiting Earth Category Military satellites Category 2009 in spaceflight satellite stub de SICRAL 1B it Sicral 1B ... more details
Infobox spacecraft Name Courier 1B Image File Courier 1A.jpg Caption Courier 1 satellite Organization United States Air Force Major Contractors Space Systems Loral Western Development Laboratories Mission Type Communications satellite Launch 4 October 1960 Carrier Rocket Thor Ablestar Thor DM 21 Ablestar Launch Site Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Cape Canaveral Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 17 LC 17B Mission Duration 17 days achieved Mass convert 230 kg Orbit regime low Earth orbit Low Earth Perigee convert 967 km Apogee convert 1214 km Eccentricity 0.0165358 Inclination 28.3 Period 107.1 minutes Courier 1B was the world s first active repeater satellite after launch on 4 October 1960. Courier was built by the Palo Alto, California based Western Development Labs WDL division of Philco , previously known as Army Fort Monmouth Laboratories and now the Space Systems Loral division of Loral Space & Communications . Proposed by the U.S. Army Signal Corps in September 1958, Courier was a follow on to Project SCORE launched in 1958. The first satellite in the series, Courier 1A, was lost in a launch failure 2.5 minutes after liftoff. Courier used approximately 19,000 solar cell s and was the first satellite to use nickel cadmium battery nickel cadmium storage battery electricity batteries . It had an effective message transmission rate of 55,000 bits per second. After completing its first orbit, a message from US President Dwight Eisenhower to the United Nations was transmitted from the Deal Test Site , an off base transmission facility of Fort Monmouth , New Jersey and relayed to a ground station in Puerto Rico . After 228 orbits in 17 ... doc sdat courier.htm Information on Courier 1A and 1B at Gunter s Space Page http www.infoage.org html tac bro66.html Courier 1B history at InfoAge.com Orbital launches in 1960 Category ... 1B fr Courier 1B it Courier 1B pl Courier 1B sk Courier satelit fi Courier 1B ... more details
orphan date April 2009 unreferenced date April 2009 Vanguard 1B was a non successful flight of the Project Vanguard on February 5th, 1958. It was launched from Launch pad Launch Pad 18 A and it was intended to go into orbit of the earth. At T 57 seconds, the craft lost control. Project Vanguard Category Project Vanguard aero 1950s stub ... more details
merge Helios 2 satellite date November 2011 The H lios 1B was a French military photo reconnaissance satellite in which Italy and Spain also participated. It was launched from the Guiana Space Centre , French Guiana on 3 December 1999 at 16 22 00 UTC . The spacecraft rode aboard an Ariane 4 Ariane 40 rocket which also carried the French military reconnaissance satellite Clementine French satellite Clementine . Due to power supply failures, it had to be left to disintegrate in 2005. It has been replaced by Helios 2A H lios 2A , launched on December 2004 on an Ariane 5 rocket. The name H lios has also been used for other spacecraft see Helios disambiguation . Bibliography fr en Guy Leb gue , trad. Robert J. Amral , Helios The Orbiting Spyglass , in Revue aerospatiale , n 118, May 1995. External links http nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov nmc spacecraftDisplay.do?id 1999 064A NASA Helios 1B Rest of the World Reconnaissance Satellites Orbital launches in 1999 DEFAULTSORT Helios 1b Category Reconnaissance satellites of France Category 1999 in spaceflight France spacecraft stub de Helios Satellit es Helios sat lite fr Helios satellite ... more details
Infobox spacecraft Name Astra 1B Organisation SES S.A. SES Launch March 2, 1991 Mass 1562 kg Major Contractors GE AstroSpace Bus GE 5000 Carrier Rocket Ariane 4 br s n V42 Mission Duration 10 years Orbit regime Geostationary orbit Geostationary operational br Graveyard orbit Graveyard current Transponder Capacity 22 16 main, 6 backup Twta output power 60 W Bandwidth 26 MHz EIRP 52.5 dBW Power 2,136 W Longitude 19.2 E coord 0 19.2 display title Astra 1B was the second of the Astra satellites Astra communications satellite s launched and operated by SES S.A. SES Soci t Europ enne des Satellites . It was bought during its construction from GE Americom , and was launched to add extra capacity to the satellite television services from Astra 19.2 E 19.2 east , serving Germany , the United Kingdom UK and Republic of Ireland . It was believed to have been launched in a faulty condition, and suffered a thruster failure early in its life, causing minor drift, meaning that it became permanently difficult to obtain a steady lock on the satellite. This was most notable on analog television analogue transmissions where the picture would move from clear to carrying sparklies and back again. Along with Astra 1C , Astra 1B was to be replaced in 2002 with Astra 1K , which failed to launch successfully, and as a result it continued to serve a longer life than expected, only falling from use when digital television on Astra 2A removed the majority of UK and Ireland targeted channels from 19.2 east. From 2005 , SES claimed that the satellite was in use for VSAT services, however no transponders ... in October 2005, but was carrying only colour bars. On June 16, 2006 SES confirmed that Astra 1B ... Astra 1B and 1C, reached the operational orbital position of 19.2 east. ref cite press release ... Astra 1D Astra 1E Astra 1K Astra 1KR SES Astra DEFAULTSORT Astra 1b Category Communications satellites in geostationary orbit Category 1991 in Luxembourg de Astra 1B ru 1B uk Astra 1B ... more details
update date January 2011 Tier 1b is Burt Rutan s nickname for the sub orbital spaceflight suborbital space tourism tourist human spaceflight platform in development at Scaled Composites with Mojave Aerospace Ventures by The Spaceship Company for Virgin Galactic . It is an evolutionary development of Tier One , the Ansari X Prize winning entry in the demonstration suborbital space tourism contest held by the X Prize Foundation . White Knight Two will be an aircraft capable of attaining an altitude of at least convert 50000 ft m abbr on or 15 km and be aerobatic , offering several seconds of weightlessness . This will allow space tourists to train before their flight. White Knight Two will have a twin boom design, with SpaceShipTwo nestled between the two hulls. One hull will contain tourists on zero g flights, the other hull will contain astronauts in training, and be identical to SpaceShipTwo s cabin. White Knight Two is a development upon the Scaled Composites White Knight White Knight or White Knight One design. SpaceShipTwo will have a cockpit similar to SpaceShipOne , and a large cabin to allow tourists to float weightlessly. It is anticipated that the flight profile will allow for 4 minutes of weightlessness and 40 seconds transition from weightless to one g force g . SpaceShipTwo is a development upon the SpaceShipOne design. White Knight Two will carry SpaceShipTwo up to launch altitude, where it will be air launch ed, and will rocket through sub orbital spaceflight suborbital trajectory. The launch customer of Tier 1b is Virgin Galactic, which will have the first two WK2 units, first five SS2 units, and exclusive rights to the craft for the first few years. The first WK2 was rolled out on July 28, 2008 and named VMS Eve . Its first test flight was on December 21, 2008. External links SPACE.com http www.space.com news 060811 rutan interview.html Burt Rutan ... Category Space tourism Category Tier 1b program Category Upcoming products ... more details
Pegylated interferon PEG IFN is a class of medication that includes two different drugs as of 2008 ref name HepC2008 cite book last editor first Emilio Jirillo, title Hepatitis C virus disease immunobiology and clinical applications year 2008 publisher Springer location New York isbn 9780387713755 pages 237 url http books.google.ca books?id yjzazAgMWEUC&pg PA237 edition Online Ausg. ref Pegylated interferon alpha 2a Pegylated interferon alpha 2b In these formulation, polyethylene glycol is added to make interferon last longer in the body. ref http www.medscape.com viewarticle 407963 5 Hepatology Focus Update on Hepatitis C Treatment Pegylated Interferon ref They are used to treat both hepatitis B ref cite book first Hendryk Dancygier. With contributions by H. D. Allescher title Clinical Hepatology year 2010 publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg location S.l. isbn 9783642045097 pages 765 url http books.google.ca books?id lrPX8C4p90QC&pg PA765 ref and hepatitis C . ref name HepC2008 References reflist Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages Category Antivirals Category Immunostimulants antiinfective drug stub antineoplastic drug stub sl Peginterferon ... more details
Found in cows and sheep, Interferon tau is the signal from the developing embryo to the mother that she is pregnant. It is secreted by the trophoblast cells into the uterine lumen in days 13 21 of pregnancy. It decreases endometrial oxytocin receptors, which then cannot stimulate PGF 2 alpha synthesis, preventing luteolysis . It promotes uterine implantation by increasing protein synthesis in glands. References Bagnell, C. 2005. Animal Reproduction . Rutgers University Department of Animal Sciences. Category Embryology Category Reproductive system ja ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 451190559 IUPAC name image width Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com international multiferon pregnancy US C pregnancy category legal UK legal US legal status routes of administration Subcutaneous, intramuscular Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite changed chemspider ChemSpiderID NA CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number ATC prefix L03 ATC suffix AB01 ATC supplemental PubChem DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank Chemical data chemical formula molecular weight Interferon alfa International Nonproprietary Name INN , or HuIFN alpha Le , trade name Multiferon is a natural interferon alpha IFN which is obtained from the leukocyte fraction of human blood following induction with Sendai virus . Interferon alfa contains several naturally occurring IFN subtypes and is purified by affinity chromatography . Composition Interferon alfa contains a mixture of several proteins all with structural, serological and functional properties typical for natural interferon alpha IFN . The major subtypes identified are IFN 1 2, 8, 10, 14 and 21 IFN 2 and IFN 14 are glycosylated. The IFN content is expressed in international units per ml and the drug product is formulated in isotonic phosphate buffer solution pH 7.2 supplemented with human albumin, 1.5 mg ml. The albumin used is a medicinal product, which is approved in several countries, indicated for subcutane injection therapy. Pharmacology Summary of differences between IFN subtypes IFN 8 enhances the proliferation of human B cells as well as being able to activate natural killer NK cells. The subtypes 10 and 2 along with 8 are the best NK cell activators. Subtypes 21 and 2 enhance the expression of IFN gamma inducible protein 10 IP 10 in dendritic cells. Activated dendritic cells initiate immune responses and the expression of IP 10, a chemokine w ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 458271293 IUPAC name image width alt Clinical data tradename Drugs.com MedlinePlus licence EU EMA requires brand name licence US FDA may use generic name DailyMedID preference to licence US pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US C pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA OTC, Rx only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD Benz POM, CD Anab POM or CD Inv POM legal US Rx only legal status dependency liability routes of administration Parenteral Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 118390 30 0 CAS supplemental ATCvet ATC prefix L03 ATC suffix AB09 ATC supplemental PubChem PubChemSubstance IUPHAR ligand DrugBank Ref drugbankcite changed drugbank DrugBank DB00069 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID NA UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL Chemical data C 860 H 1353 N 227 O 255 S 9 molecular weight 19343 g mol smiles StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI StdInChI comment StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey synonyms density Interferon alfacon 1 is a recombinant synthetic Interferon type I type I interferon used for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia , melanoma malignant melanoma and AIDS related Kaposi s sarcoma . ref name DrugBank DrugBank DB00069 ref References references Category Immunostimulants Category Antivirals antineoplastic drug stub ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 461935673 name Interferon alpha n3 IUPAC name image width alt image2 width2 alt2 imagename else may use drug name drug name else may use imagename caption Clinical data tradename Drugs.com MedlinePlus licence EU EMA requires brand name licence US FDA may use generic name DailyMedID preference to licence US pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US C pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA OTC, Rx only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD Benz POM, CD Anab POM or CD Inv POM legal US Rx only legal status dependency liability routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID NA CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number CAS supplemental ATCvet ATC prefix none if uncategorised ATC suffix ATC supplemental PubChem PubChemSubstance IUPHAR ligand DrugBank Ref drugbankcite changed drugbank DrugBank DB00018 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL Chemical data chemical formula C H Ag As Au B Bi Br Cl Co F Fe Gd I K Mn N Na O P Pt S Sb Se Sr Tc Zn charge molecular weight smiles StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI StdInChI comment StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey synonyms density melting point melting high melting notes boiling point boiling notes solubility specific rotation sec combustion Interferon alpha n3 Alferon N is a Pharmaceutical drug medication consisting of purified natural human Interferon type I IFN interferon alpha proteins used for the treatment of genital wart s. ref name DrugBank DrugBank DB00018 ref References references Category Immunostimulants Category Antivirals antineoplastic drug stub ... more details
Gerpferon Firn M with acyclovir , lidocaine ointment herpes See also Interferon References references ... S, Taira H, Hall A, et al. title Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon ... more details
About the programming language Beta disambiguation Unreferenced date December 2007 Infobox programming language name BETA logo paradigm Object oriented programming Object oriented year designer Birger M ller Pedersen , Kristen Nygaard developer latest release version latest release date latest test version latest test date typing implementations dialects influenced by Simula influenced operating system license website http daimi.au.dk betaBETA is a pure object oriented language originating within the Scandinavian School in object orientation where the first object oriented language Simula was developed. From a technical perspective, BETA provides several unique features. Classes and Procedures are unified to one concept, a BETA pattern Pattern . Also, classes are defined as properties attributes of objects. This means that a class cannot be instantiated without an explicit object context. A consequence of this is that BETA supports nested class es. Classes can be virtually defined, much like virtual methods can be in most object oriented programming languages. Virtual entities such as methods and classes are never overwritten instead they are redefined or specialized. BETA supports the object oriented perspective on programming and has comprehensive facilities for procedural and functional programming. It has powerful abstraction mechanisms to support identification of objects, classification and composition. BETA is a strongly typed language like Simula, Eiffel programming language Eiffel and C , with most type checking done at compile time. BETA aims to achieve an optimal balance between compile time type checking and run time type checking. External links official http daimi.au.dk beta http www.daimi.au.dk eernst gbeta gbeta Generalized BETA DEFAULTSORT Beta Category Object oriented programming languages af BETA ar cs BETA da BETA de Beta Programmiersprache it BETA no BETA programmeringsspr k ru BETA ... more details
protein Name interferon gamma receptor 2 interferon gamma transducer 1 caption image width HGNCid 5440 Symbol IFNGR2 AltSymbols IFNGT1 EntrezGene 3460 OMIM 147569 RefSeq NM 005534 UniProt P38484 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 21 Arm q Band 22.1 LocusSupplementaryData Interferon gamma receptor 2 also known as IFNGR2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IFNGR2 gene . ref name pmid3136170 cite journal author Luster AD, Weinshank RL, Feinman R, Ravetch JV title Molecular and biochemical characterization of a novel gamma interferon inducible protein journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 263 issue 24 pages 12036 43 year 1988 month August pmid 3136170 doi url http www.jbc.org cgi reprint 263 24 12036 issn ref Function This gene IFNGR2 encodes the non ligand binding beta chain of the interferon gamma receptor gamma interferon receptor . Human interferon gamma receptor is a heterodimer of interferon gamma receptor 1 IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene IFNGR2 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 3460 accessdate ref Clinical significance Defects in IFNGR2 are a cause of Dominance genetics Autosomal recessive allele autosomal recessive mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterium mycobacterial disease MSMD , also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. ref name pmid19084105 cite journal author Al Muhsen S, Casanova JL title The genetic heterogeneity of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases journal J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. volume 122 issue 6 pages 1043 51 quiz 1052 3 year 2008 month December pmid 19084105 doi 10.1016 j.jaci.2008.10.037 url issn ref References Reflist NLM content gene 21 stub Cytokine receptors sr Interferon gama receptor 2 ... more details
The following highways are numbered 1B India Road marker IN NH 1B width 25 float left National Highway 1B India New Zealand File State Highway 1b NZ.svg 20px New Zealand State Highway 1B United States File Elongated circle 1B.svg 20px Delaware Route 1B Nebraska Spur 1B File NH Route 1B.svg 20px New Hampshire Route 1B File NY 1B 1927 .svg 20px New York State Route 1B former Roadindex 001B ... more details
PBB geneid 3439 Interferon alpha 1 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNA1 gene . ref name pmid1385305 cite journal author Olopade OI, Bohlander SK, Pomykala H, Maltepe E, Van Melle E, Le Beau MM, Diaz MO title Mapping of the shortest region of overlap of deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9 associated with human neoplasia journal Genomics volume 14 issue 2 pages 437 43 year 1992 month Dec pmid 1385305 pmc doi 10.1016 S0888 7543 05 80238 1 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene IFNA1 interferon, alpha 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 3439 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein ... interferon is produced predominantly by B lymphocytes. Immune interferon IFN gamma MIM 147570 is produced ... H, Hernandez J, et al. title Human interferons alpha, beta and omega. journal Growth Factors volume ... 120 of human immunodeficiency virus is a potent interferon inducer. journal AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses ... author Silverman RH, Sengupta DN title Translational regulation by HIV leader RNA, TAT, and interferon ... C3d receptor is an interferon alpha receptor. journal EMBO J. volume 10 issue 4 pages 919 26 year ... of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor but depress production of interferon alpha, interferon ... interferon alpha genes are coordinately expressed and encode functional polypeptides. journal ... author Delfraissy JF, Wallon C, Galanaud P title Interferon alpha can synergize with interleukin 2 for human .... title Structural relationship of human interferon alpha genes and pseudogenes. journal J. Mol. Biol ... sequence of a cloned human leukocyte interferon cDNA. journal Gene volume 10 issue 1 pages ... interferon alpha. journal Nature volume 287 issue 5781 pages 401 8 year 1981 pmid 6159536 doi 10.1038 ... cloned human leukocyte interferon cDNAs. journal Nature volume 290 issue 5801 pages 20 6 year ... 11.16.5661 cite journal author Todokoro K, Kioussis D, Weissmann C title Two non allelic human interferon ... more details
, New chromosomal mapping assignments for argininosuccinate synthetase pseudogene 1, interferonbeta ...Image 1AU1 Human Interferon Beta01.png thumb 200px The 3D structure of human IFN Human type I interferon s comprise a vast and growing group of IFN proteins. All type I IFNs bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex known as the IFN receptor Interferon alpha beta receptor IFNAR that consists of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains. Homologous molecules to type I IFNs are found in many species, including all mammals, and some have been identified in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish species. ref Schultz et al., The interferon system of non mammalian vertebrates. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, Volume 28, pages 499 508. ref Mammalian types The mammalian types are designated IFN alpha , IFN beta , IFN kappa , IFN delta , IFN epsilon , IFN tau , IFN omega , and IFN zeta, also known as limitin . ref Oritani and Tomiyama, Interferon limitin Novel type I Interferon that displays a narrow range of biological activity. International journal of hematology, 2004, Volume 80, pages 325 331 . ref ref Hardy et al., Characterization of the type I interferon locus and identification of novel genes. Genomics, 2004, Volume 84 pages 331 345. ref IFN The IFN proteins are produced by leukocytes . They are mainly involved in innate immune response against viral infection. They come in 13 subtypes that are called IFNA1 , IFNA2 , IFNA4 , IFNA5 , IFNA6 , IFNA7 , IFNA8 , IFNA10 , IFNA13 , IFNA14 , IFNA16 , IFNA17 , IFNA21 . These genes for these IFN molecules are found ... interferon alfa 2a Pegylated interferon alfa 2b IFN The IFN proteins are produced in large ... et al., Fever of recombinant human interferon alpha is mediated by opioid domain interaction with opioid .... References reflist External links MeshName Interferon Type I Interferons DEFAULTSORT Interferon Type I Category Cytokines Category Antivirals Category Immunostimulants ja I sr Interferon tip ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Achondrogenesis type 1B Image Caption DiseasesDB 33350 ICD10 ICD10 Q 77 0 q 65 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 600972 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic Achondrogenesis, type 1B is characterized by extremely short limbs, a narrow chest, and a prominent, rounded abdomen. The fingers and toes are short and the feet may be rotated inward. Affected infants frequently have a soft out pouching around the belly button an umbilical hernia or near the groin an inguinal hernia . Achondrogenesis, type 1B is a rare genetic disorder its incidence is unknown. Achondrogenesis, type 1B is the most severe condition in a spectrum of skeletal disorders caused by mutations in the SLC26A2 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is essential for the normal development of cartilage and for its conversion to bone. Mutations in the SLC26A2 gene disrupt the structure of developing cartilage, preventing bones from forming properly and resulting in the skeletal problems characteristic of achondrogenesis, type 1B. Achondrogenesis, type 1B is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means two copies of the gene in each cell are altered. Most often, the parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder are carriers of one copy of the altered gene but do not show signs and symptoms of the disorder. See also Diastrophic dysplasia External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part achon1b GeneReviews NCBI NIH UW entry on Achondrogenesis Type 1B References This article incorporates public domain text from http ghr.nlm.nih.gov The U.S. National Library of Medicine Osteochondrodysplasia Solute carrier disorders DEFAULTSORT Achondrogenesis Type 1b Category Congenital disorders fr Achondrogen se pl Achondrogeneza ... more details
Infobox space mission insignia Mercury insignia.png insignia size 162px mission name Little Joe 1B launch January 21, 1960 ref name nasa.gov landing January 21, 1960 ref name nasa.gov duration 00 08 35 ref name nasa.gov orbits Suborbital atmospheric test apogee convert 9 mi km ref name nasa.gov distance convert 12 mi km ref name nasa.gov peakacc 44 m s 4.5 g ref name nasa.gov maxvel convert 2055 mph km h ref name nasa.gov Mach number Mach 2.7 mass convert 1007 kg lb ref name nasa.gov crew photo Miss Sam p61.jpg crew caption Miss Sam the Rhesus monkey launch pad Wallops Flight Facility callsign LJ 1B crew size 1 monkey previous File Mercury insignia.jpg 32px Little Joe 2 next File Mercury insignia.jpg 32px Beach Abort The Little Joe 1B was a Launch escape system Launch Escape System test of the Mercury spacecraft, conducted as part of the U.S. Project Mercury Mercury program . The mission also carried a female Rhesus Macaque Rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta named Miss Sam in the Mercury spacecraft. The mission was launched January 21, 1960, from Wallops Island, Virginia. The Little Joe 1B flew to an apsis apogee of 9.3 statute miles 15.0 km and a range of 11.7 miles 18.9 km out to sea. Miss Sam survived the 8 minute 35 second flight in good condition. The spacecraft was recovered ... of Little Joe 1B, January 21, 1960.jpg Little Joe 1B launches from Wallops Flight Facility on January ... for the Little Joe 1B flight See also Little Joe rocket Little Joe References Include NASA ... title LJ 1B 6 publisher NASA author Warnock, Lynda date November 21, 2006 accessdate January 16, 2010 ref External links http science.ksc.nasa.gov history mercury lj 1b lj 1b.html NASA Project Mercury Mission LJ 1B at Kennedy Space Science and Technology website http www.astronautix.com sites ... Joe 1b Category Mercury program Category 1960 in the United States Rocket stub cs Little Joe 1B de Mercury Little Joe 1B it Little Joe 1B pl Mercury Little Joe 1B pt Little Joe 1B ... more details
PBB geneid 4544 Melatonin receptor 1B , also known as MTNR1B , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTNR1B gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MTNR1B melatonin receptor 1B url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 4544 accessdate ref ref name pmid7568007 cite journal author Reppert SM, Godson C, Mahle CD, Weaver DR, Slaugenhaupt SA, Gusella JF title Molecular characterization of a second melatonin receptor expressed in human retina and brain the Mel1b melatonin receptor journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 92 issue 19 pages 8734 8 year 1995 month September pmid 7568007 pmc 41041 doi 10.1073 pnas.92.19.8734 url http www.pnas.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 7568007 ref Function This gene encodes the MT sub 2 sub protein , one of two high affinity forms of a receptor for melatonin , the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland . This gene product is an integral membrane protein that is a G protein coupled receptors G protein coupled , 7 transmembrane receptor . It is found primarily in the retina and brain however, this detection requires Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction RT PCR . It is thought to participate in light dependent reaction light dependent functions in the retina and may be involved in the neurobiological effects of melatonin. ref name entrez Clinical significance Several studies ... SA, et al. title Polymorphisms within the novel type 2 diabetes risk locus MTNR1B determine beta cell ... in human islets, and immunocytochemistry confirms that it is primarily localized in beta cell s in Islets ... N, et al. title Genetic polymorphisms of human melatonin 1b receptor gene in circadian rhythm ... between melatonin receptor type 1B polymorphism and rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis patients ... author Qiu XS, Tang NL, Yeung HY, et al. title Melatonin receptor 1B MTNR1B gene polymorphism ... Category Human proteins transmembranereceptor stub es Receptor de melatonina 1B ... more details
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