protein Name interferongammareceptor 2 interferongamma transducer 1 caption image width HGNCid 5440 Symbol IFNGR2 AltSymbols IFNGT1 EntrezGene 3460 OMIM 147569 RefSeq NM 005534 UniProt P38484 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 21 Arm q Band 22.1 LocusSupplementaryData Interferongammareceptor 2 also known as IFNGR2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IFNGR2 gene . ref name pmid3136170 cite journal author Luster AD, Weinshank RL, Feinman R, Ravetch JV title Molecular and biochemical characterization of a novel gammainterferon inducible protein journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 263 issue 24 pages 12036 43 year 1988 month August pmid 3136170 doi url http www.jbc.org cgi reprint 263 24 12036 issn ref Function This gene IFNGR2 encodes the non ligand binding beta chain of the interferongammareceptorgammainterferonreceptor . Human interferongammareceptor is a heterodimer of interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene IFNGR2 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 3460 accessdate ref Clinical significance Defects in IFNGR2 are a cause of Dominance genetics Autosomal recessive allele autosomal recessive mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterium mycobacterial disease MSMD , also known as familial disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. ref name pmid19084105 cite journal author Al Muhsen S, Casanova JL title The genetic heterogeneity of mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases journal J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. volume 122 issue 6 pages 1043 51 quiz 1052 3 year 2008 month December pmid 19084105 doi 10.1016 j.jaci.2008.10.037 url issn ref References Reflist NLM content gene 21 stub Cytokine receptors sr Interferon gama receptor 2 ... more details
protein Name interferongammareceptor 1 caption Crystallographic structure of a 3 2 complex of the IFN receptor alpha chain IFNGR1 green, cyan, and green cyan and the interferongamma IFN ligand biochemistry ligand red and orange . ref name PDB 1FG9 PDB 1FG9 cite journal author Thiel DJ, le Du MH, Walter RL, D Arcy A, Ch ne C, Fountoulakis M, Garotta G, Winkler FK, Ealick SE title Observation of an unexpected third receptor molecule in the crystal structure of human interferongammareceptor ... 10.1016 S0969 2126 00 00184 2 url ref image 1FG9 IFNG IFNG.png width HGNCid 5439 Symbol interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 AltSymbols IFNGR EntrezGene 3459 OMIM 107470 RefSeq NM 000416 UniProt P15260 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 6 Arm q Band 23 LocusSupplementaryData q24 protein Name interferongammareceptor 2 interferongamma transducer 1 caption image width HGNCid 5440 Symbol interferongammareceptor ... Chromosome 21 Arm q Band 22.1 LocusSupplementaryData The interferongammareceptor IFNGR is a receptor which binds Interferongammainterferon , the sole member of interferon type II . Structure and function The human interferongammareceptor complex consists the heterodimer of two chains interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 and interferongammareceptor 2 IFNGR2 . ref name pmid9143700 cite journal author Bach EA, Aguet M, Schreiber RD title The IFN gammareceptor a paradigm for cytokine receptor ..., Muthukumaran G, Izotova LS, Cook JR, Garotta G title The interferongamma IFN gammareceptor a paradigm for the multichain cytokine receptor journal Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. volume 8 issue 3 pages .... The ligand induced assembly of the complete receptor complex contains two IFNGR1 and two IFNGR2 ... sites on the ligated receptor. Two Stat1 molecules then associate with the paired docking sites, are brought into close proximity with receptor associated activated JAK kinases, and are activated by phosphorylation of the Stat1. Tyrosine phosphorylated Stat1 molecules dissociate from their receptor ... more details
PBB geneid 3459 Interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 also known as CD119 C luster of D ifferentiation 119 , is a human gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene IFNGR1 interferongammareceptor 1 ... interferongammareceptor. Purification, characterization, and preparation of antibodies journal ... Z, Merlin G title Molecular cloning and expression of the human interferongammareceptor journal Cell ... 5 url ref Function IFNGR1 encodes the ligand binding chain alpha of the heterodimeric gammainterferonreceptor, which is found on macrophages . Interferongammareceptor 2 IFNGR2 encodes the non ligand ... interferongammareceptor 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 3459 accessdate ref Interactions Interferongammareceptor 1 has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with Interferongamma . ref name pmid10986460 cite journal doi 10.1016 ... third receptor molecule in the crystal structure of human interferongammareceptor complex ... laydate quote ref See also Cluster of differentiation Interferongammareceptor References reflist ... van Loon AP, Ozmen L, Fountoulakis M, et al. title High affinity receptor for interferongamma IFN ... C, Fellous M, Berger R title Human interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 gene maps to chromosome ... Z, Merlin G title Molecular cloning and expression of the human interferongammareceptor. journal ... of interferongammareceptor and regulated association of protein tyrosine kinases, Jak1 and Jak2, with its ... between interferongamma and its soluble high affinity receptor. journal Nature volume 376 issue ... LS, Pollack BP, et al. title Interaction between the components of the interferongammareceptor ... al. title Modulation of interferongammareceptor during human T lymphocyte alloactivation. journal ... E, Altare F, Lamhamedi S, et al. title Interferongammareceptor deficiency in an infant with fatal .... title Neutralizing epitopes on the extracellular interferongammareceptor IFNgammaR alpha chain ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol IFNGR1 Name Interferongammareceptor IFNGR1 image PDB 1fyh EBI.jpg width caption 1 1 complex between an interferongamma single chain variant and its receptor Pfam PF07140 Pfam clan CL0159 InterPro IPR021126 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1fg9 TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, the interferongammareceptor IFNGR1 family is a Protein family family of proteins which includes several eukaryotic and viral interferongammareceptor proteins . Members of this family include The Homo sapiens human interferongammareceptor 1 , which is a member of the hematopoietic cytokine receptor superfamily. It is gene expression expressed in a membrane bound form in many cell biology cell types, and is over expressed in tumour cells. It comprises an extracellular portion of 229 amino acid residues, a single transmembrane region, and a cytoplasm cytoplasmic protein domain domain of 221 amino acid residues. As with other members of its superfamily, the cytokine binding sites are formed by a small set of closely spaced surface loop biochemistry loops that extend from a beta sheet core, much like antigen binding sites on antibodies . ref name pmid9367779 cite journal author Sogabe S, Stuart F, Henke C, Bridges A, Williams G, Birch A, Winkler FK, Robinson JA title Neutralizing epitopes on the extracellular interferongammareceptor IFNgammaR alpha chain characterized by homolog scanning mutagenesis and X ray crystal structure of the A6 fab IFNgammaR1 ... doi 10.1006 jmbi.1997.1336 url ref The vaccinia virus interferon IFN gammareceptor biochemistry receptor IFN gammaR , which is a 43 kDa solubility soluble glycoprotein that is secreted from infected ... gamma in solution. ref name pmid11842249 cite journal author Alcami A, Geoffrey L. Smith Smith GL title The vaccinia virus soluble interferongammareceptor is a homodimer journal J. Gen. Virol. volume ... IFN gamma. The existence of the virus protein as a protein dimer dimer in the absence of ligand ... more details
molecules. ref name PDB 1FG9 see also Interferongammareceptor Cellular responses to IFN are activated through its interaction with a heterodimeric receptor consisting of Interferongammareceptor 1 IFNGR1 and Interferongammareceptor 2 IFNGR2 . IFN binding to the receptor activates the JAK ... gamma increased the on rate of the interferongammainterferongammareceptor complex formation ... to Protein protein interaction interact with Interferongammareceptor 1 . ref name pmid10986460 cite ... third receptor molecule in the crystal structure of human interferongammareceptor complex journal ..., Ihle J N year 1995 month Sep. title Interaction between the components of the interferongammareceptor ...PBB geneid 3458 Infobox protein family Symbol IFN gamma Name Interferongamma image PDB 1eku EBI.jpg ... CAZy CDD Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 458270952 IUPAC name Human interferongamma 1b Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com monograph interferongamma MedlinePlus a601152 pregnancy ..., Wilson CB title Regulation of interferongamma during innate and adaptive immune responses journal ... Kumar S, et al. title Three dimensional structure of recombinant human interferongamma journal Science ..., Grimaud JA title Interferongamma binds to heparan sulfate by a cluster of amino acids located in the C ... PJ, Ravasi T, Hume DA title Interferongamma an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions ... KL title Interferongamma 1b. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in chronic granulomatous ... RM, Hatcher HC title Recombinant human interferongamma therapy for osteopetrosis journal J. Pediatr ... 2012 03 23 hmg.dds110.abstract Interferongamma upregulates frataxin and corrects the functional ... laydate quote doi 10.1074 jbc.270.36.20915 ref Regulation There is evidence that interferongamma expression is regulated by a Interferongamma 5 UTR regulatory element pseudoknotted element in its 5 ... 2002 title Human interferongamma mRNA autoregulates its translation through a pseudoknot that activates ... more details
protein Name IFNAR1 interferon alpha, beta and omega receptor 1 caption image width HGNCid 5432 Symbol IFNAR1 AltSymbols IFNAR EntrezGene 3454 OMIM 107450 RefSeq NM 000629 UniProt P17181 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 21 Arm q Band 22.1 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name IFNAR2 interferon alpha, beta and omega receptor 2 caption Protein nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy NMR structure of the interferon binding ectodomain of the human interferonreceptor. ref name pmid12842042 PDB 1n6u cite journal author Chill JH, Quadt SR, Levy R, Schreiber G, Anglister J title The human type I interferonreceptor NMR structure reveals the molecular basis of ligand binding journal Structure volume 11 issue 7 pages 791 802 year 2003 month July pmid 12842042 doi 10.1016 S0969 2126 03 00120 5 url ref image Biochem Mol..png width HGNCid 5433 Symbol IFNAR2 AltSymbols IFNABR EntrezGene 3455 OMIM 602376 RefSeq NM 207585 UniProt P48551 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 21 Arm q Band 22.1 LocusSupplementaryData The interferonreceptor IFNAR is a receptor which binds interferon type I type I interferons including interferon and . It is a heteromeric receptor composed of one chain with two subunits referred to as IFNAR1 ... S title The receptor of the type I interferon family journal Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. volume ... receptor. Binding of cytokine follows a JAK STAT signaling pathway . Interferon stimulation results ... that show probable common evolution. The domain, or evolutionary unit observed in nature, is the Interferon alpha beta receptor beta chain. Species was human. References Reflist External links MeshName Receptor, Interferon alpha beta Cytokine receptors Category Cytokine receptors biochemistry ... energy being the criteria. It was the first helical cytokine receptor s structure to be determined ... reveals a predominantly hydrophobic patch on the receptor that interacts with a matching hydrophobic ... complex. The binding interface may account for crossreactivity and ligand specificity of the receptor ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Interferongamma 5 UTR regulatory element image RF00259.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of IFN gamma Symbol IFN gamma AltSymbols Rfam RF00259 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Eukaryota GO SO SO 0000204 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData Interferongamma 5 UTR regulatory elements are a family of regulatory RNA s. This family represents a pseudoknot containing stem loop structure found in the 5 UTR of interferongamma mRNA. This structure is thought to be involved in translational regulation and the pseudoknot has been found to activate protein kinase R PKR which is known to be a translational inhibitor. Mutations in the pseudoknot structure have been found to reduce PKR activation and increase the translation of interferongamma. ref cite journal last Ben Asouli first Y coauthors Banai Y, Pel Or Y, Shir A, Kaempfer R year 2002 title Human interferongamma mRNA autoregulates its translation through a pseudoknot that activates the interferon inducible protein kinase PKR journal Cell volume 108 pages 221&ndash 232 pmid 11832212 doi 10.1016 S0092 8674 02 00616 5 issue 2 ref References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00259 name Interferongamma 5 UTR regulatory element Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
PBB geneid 5916 Retinoic acid receptorgamma RAR gamma , also known as NR1B3 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 3 is a nuclear receptor encoded by the RARG gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene RARG retinoic acid receptor, gamma url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ... JM, Hoffmann B, Pfahl M title Genomic organization of the retinoic acid receptorgamma gene journal ... doi 10.1093 nar 19.3.573 url ref Interactions Retinoic acid receptorgamma has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with nuclear receptor co repressor 1 NCOR1 . ref name pmid10336495 cite ... isoforms of retinoic acid receptorgamma with specific patterns of expression journal Proc. Natl. Acad ... author Gigu re V title Identification of a novel isoform of the retinoic acid receptorgamma ... first9 F. cite journal author Krust A title A third human retinoic acid receptor, hRAR gamma journal ... A human retinoic acid receptorgamma isoform is homologous to the murine retinoic acid receptorgamma 7 journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 21 issue 10 pages 2520 year 1993 pmid 7685085 doi 10.1093 ... receptor RAR gamma journal Nat. Struct. Biol. volume 5 issue 3 pages 199 202 year 1998 pmid 9501913 ... of retinoic acid by retinoic acid receptorgamma journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 273 issue 51 pages ... retinoico gamma sr Receptor retinoinske kiseline gama ... of nuclear receptor corepressor as a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha interacting ... 10.1074 jbc.274.22.15901 url ref See also Retinoic acid receptor References reflist Further reading ... A last6 Jetten first6 AM cite journal author Lehmann JM, Zhang XK, Pfahl M title RAR gamma 2 expression ... MG title Chromosomal assignment of retinoic acid receptor RAR genes in the human, mouse, and rat ... A functional retinoic acid receptor encoded by the gene on human chromosome 12 journal Mol. Endocrinol ... of the RAR gamma ligand binding domain bound to all trans retinoic acid journal Nature volume 378 issue ... more details
PBB geneid 2104 Estrogen related receptorgamma ERR gamma , also known as NR3B3 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group B, member 3 , is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the ESRRG EStrogen Related ReceptorGamma gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene ESRRG estrogen related receptorgamma url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 2104 accessdate ... receptor related receptorgamma journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 299 issue 5 pages ... 1421 cite journal author Liu D, Zhang Z, Teng CT title Estrogen related receptorgamma and peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma coactivator 1alpha regulate estrogen related receptor alpha ... receptorgamma ligand binding domain in three functional states reveal the molecular basis of small ... receptor superfamily from the critical region of Usher syndrome type IIa at 1q41 journal Genomics ... of transcription. ref name matsushima This protein is a member of nuclear receptor nuclear hormone receptor family of steroid hormone receptor s. No physiological activating ligand is known for this orphan receptor , but 4 hydroxytamoxifen and diethylstilbestrol act as inverse agonist s and deactivate ... the activity of the orphan nuclear receptor ERRgamma journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume ... receptor ER . ref name matsushima BPA binding to ERR preserves its basal constitutive ... receptor modulator 4 hydroxytamoxifen . ref name matsushima cite journal author Matsushima A, Kakuta ... title Structural evidence for endocrine disruptor bisphenol A binding to human nuclear receptor ERR gamma journal J. Biochem. volume 142 issue 4 pages 517 24 year 2007 month October pmid 17761695 doi ... expressing the greatest quantity of bisphenol A receptor ER among the human reproductive tissues ... and coactivator binding by novel orphan nuclear receptor ERR3 journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 274 ... DJ, Norby PL, Holloway J, Vissing H title Human ERRgamma, a third member of the estrogen receptor ... more details
PBB geneid 6258 Retinoic acid receptorgamma RXR gamma , also known as NR2B3 nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group B, member 3 is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RXRG gene . ref name pmid8034312 cite journal author Almasan A, Mangelsdorf DJ, Ong ES, Wahl GM, Evans RM title Chromosomal localization of the human retinoid X receptors journal Genomics volume 20 issue 3 pages 397 403 year 1994 month April pmid 8034312 doi 10.1006 geno.1994.1193 url issn ref ref name entrez This gene encodes a member of the retinoid X receptor RXR family of nuclear receptors which are involved in mediating the antiproliferative effects of retinoic acid RA . This receptor forms heterodimers with the retinoic acid receptor retinoic acid , thyroid hormone receptor thyroid hormone , and calcitriol receptor vitamin D receptors , increasing both DNA binding and transcriptional function on their respective response elements. This gene is expressed at significantly lower levels in non small cell lung ... X receptor, gamma url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 6258 accessdate ref See also Retinoid X receptor Interactions Retinoid X receptorgamma has ... factors Gene 1 stub es Receptor X retinoide gamma ... of the retinoid X receptor B gene in mouse and human. journal Immunogenetics volume 41 issue 2 3 ... A, Teramoto A, et al. title Immunohistochemical expression of retinoid X receptor isoforms in human ..., M ller SM title Expression of retinoid X receptors alpha, beta, gamma and retinoic acid receptors alpha, beta, gamma in normal human skin an immunohistological evaluation journal Histochem. J. volume ... XC, Sozzi G, Lee JS, et al. title Suppression of retinoic acid receptor beta in non small cell lung ... The role of retinoid X receptor messenger RNA expression in curatively resected non small cell ... of the retinoid X receptors alpha, beta, and gamma in human prostate journal J. Androl. volume 24 ... more details
PBB geneid 2554 Gamma aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded ... to the GABA A receptor. At least 16 distinct subunits of GABA A receptors have been identified. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene GABRA1 gamma aminobutyric acid GABA A receptor, alpha 1 url ... gamma aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 96 issue ... Homologous sites of GABA A receptor alpha 1 , beta 3 and gamma 2 subunits are important for assembly ... GABAA receptor alpha 1 subunit gene GABRA1 to distal 5q by linkage analysis journal Genomics volume ... See also GABAA receptor References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations ... GABAA receptor alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits. journal FEBS Lett. volume 244 issue 2 pages 361 ... N, et al. title Isolation of a cDNA clone for the alpha subunit of the human GABA A receptor. journal ... GABAA receptor alpha 1 subunit gene. journal J. Neurochem. volume 62 issue 4 pages 1643 6 year 1994 pmid 8133292 doi cite journal author T gel M, Mossier B, Fuchs K, Sieghart W title gamma Aminobutyric acidA receptors displaying association of gamma 3 subunits with beta 2 3 and different alpha ... 1119 97 00411 3 cite journal author Huang RQ, Dillon GH title Maintenance of recombinant type A gamma aminobutyric acid receptor function role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and calcineurin. journal ... receptor D4 exon 3 genes in symptomatology of major psychoses. journal Am. J. Med. Genet. volume ... Serretti A, Lilli R, Lorenzi C, et al. title Dopamine receptor D2 and D4 genes, GABA A alpha 1 subunit ... of inter subunit association in GABA A alpha 1 beta 3 gamma 2 receptors determined by molecular ... scanning mutagenesis in TM4 of the GABA A receptor alpha1 subunit implications for modulation by inhaled ... A, Kelley JC, et al. title Coupling of agonist binding to channel gating in the GABA A receptor. journal ... JW title Recombinant alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2 GABA A receptors expressed in HEK293 and in QT6 ... more details
PBB geneid 5468 Peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma PPAR or PPARG , also known as the glitazone receptor , or NR1C3 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 3 is a type II nuclear receptor ... of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma cDNA expression in hematopoietic cells ... activated receptorgamma url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 5468 accessdate ref Interactions Peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma has ... S title Ligand type specific interactions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma with transcriptional ... activated receptorgamma journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 274 issue 23 pages 16147 52 year 1999 month ... receptorgamma transactivation journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 277 issue 2 pages 1586 92 year 2002 month ... Roles of peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma in cardiovascular disease journal J. Diabetes ... receptorgamma and cancers journal Clin. Cancer Res. volume 9 issue 1 pages 1 9 year 2003 pmid 12538445 ... Peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma in diabetes and metabolism journal Trends Pharmacol ... cite journal author Gurnell M title Peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma and the regulation ... P title The peroxisome proliferator activated gammareceptor and chronic inflammatory bowel ... polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator activated receptorgamma in diabetes risk journal Current ... proliferator activated receptors gamma 1 and gamma 2 journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume ... This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor PPAR subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptor s RXRs and these heterodimers regulate ... receptor alpha PPAR alpha , peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta PPAR delta , and PPAR gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation ... author Franco PJ, Li G, Wei LN title Interaction of nuclear receptor zinc finger DNA binding domains ... more details
PBB geneid 6097 RAR related orphan receptorgamma ROR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RORC Retinoic acid receptor RAR related orphan receptor C gene . ref name pmid7811290 cite journal author Hirose T, Smith RJ, Jetten AM title ROR gamma the third member of ROR RZR orphan receptor subfamily ... mapping of the nuclear orphan receptor ROR gamma RORC gene journal Genomics volume 46 issue ... AM title Cloning of a cDNA encoding the murine orphan receptor RZR ROR gamma and characterization ... author Huang Z, Xie H, Wang R, Sun Z title Retinoid related orphan receptorgamma t is a potential ... url ref ROR is member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factor s. Gene expression ... author He YW, Deftos ML, Ojala EW, Bevan MJ title ROR t, a Novel Isoform of an Orphan Receptor ... cite journal author Eberl G, Littman DR title The role of the nuclear hormone receptor RORgammat ... RORgammaT, a thymus specific isoform of the orphan nuclear receptor RORgamma TOR, is up regulated by signaling through the pre T cell receptor and binds to the TEA promoter journal European Journal ... MA, Piedrafita FJ, Pfahl M, Maki R title TOR a new orphan receptor expressed in the thymus that can ... U title The orphan nuclear receptor REV ERBalpha controls circadian transcription within the positive ... pii S0092867402008255 ref In contrast to other RAR related orphan receptor ROR genes , the RORC gene ... DR title An essential function for the nuclear receptor RORgamma t in the generation of fetal ... transcription factor and is a member of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear receptor s. ref name pmid17132856 ... receptor have not been fully characterized yet, some roles emerge from the literature on the mouse ... AM title Retinoid related orphan receptor ROR is essential for lymphoid organogenesis and controls ... cite journal author Akashi M, Takumi T title The orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha regulates circadian ... See also RAR related orphan receptor References Reflist 2 External links MeshName orphan nuclear receptor ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 451190559 IUPAC name image width Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com international multiferon pregnancy US C pregnancy category legal UK legal US legal status routes of administration Subcutaneous, intramuscular Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite changed chemspider ChemSpiderID NA CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number ATC prefix L03 ATC suffix AB01 ATC supplemental PubChem DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank Chemical data chemical formula molecular weight Interferon alfa International Nonproprietary Name INN , or HuIFN alpha Le , trade name Multiferon is a natural interferon alpha IFN which is obtained from the leukocyte fraction of human blood following induction with Sendai virus . Interferon alfa contains several naturally occurring IFN subtypes and is purified by affinity chromatography . Composition Interferon alfa contains a mixture of several proteins all with structural, serological and functional properties typical for natural interferon alpha IFN . The major subtypes identified are IFN 1 2, 8, 10, 14 and 21 IFN 2 and IFN 14 are glycosylated. The IFN content is expressed in international units per ml and the drug product is formulated in isotonic phosphate buffer solution pH 7.2 supplemented with human albumin, 1.5 mg ml. The albumin used is a medicinal product, which is approved in several countries, indicated for subcutane injection therapy. Pharmacology Summary of differences between IFN subtypes IFN 8 enhances the proliferation of human B cells as well as being able to activate natural killer NK cells. The subtypes 10 and 2 along with 8 are the best NK cell activators. Subtypes 21 and 2 enhance the expression of IFN gamma inducible protein 10 IP 10 in dendritic cells. Activated dendritic cells initiate immune responses and the expression of IP 10, a chemokine w ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 458271012 IUPAC name Human interferon beta image Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com CONS interferon beta 1b MedlinePlus a601151 pregnancy category legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID NA CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 145155 23 3 ATC prefix L03 ATC suffix AB08 ATC supplemental PubChem DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank DB00068 KEGG Ref keggcite changed kegg KEGG D00746 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 1201563 Chemical data C 908 H 1408 N 246 O 253 S 6 molecular weight 20011.0 g mol Interferon beta 1b tradenames Betaferon , Betaseron North America , Extavia and ZIFERON is a medication drug in the interferon family used to treat the relapsing remitting ... of the affliction as well as reduce the frequency of attacks. It is believed that interferon beta ... properties. Studies have also determined that interferon beta improves the integrity of the blood brain ... to interferon beta s beneficial effects. These studies were carried out in vitro , so it does not necessarily mean it works the same in people. Patients taking Interferon beta 1b may develop neutralizing ... America , now part of Bayer HealthCare. Novartis has also introduced Extavia, a new brand of interferon beta 1b, in 2009. In 2010 ZIFERON a new brand for interferon beta 1b has also been brought in by Zistdaru Danesh Ltd. Closely related is interferon beta 1a , also indicated for MS, and with a very similar drug profile. See also Interferon beta 1a Multiple sclerosis References Reflist External links http www.betaseron.com betaseron.com Interferons Immunostimulants DEFAULTSORT Interferon Beta 1b Category Cytokines Category Immunostimulants cs Interferon beta 1b it Interferone beta 1b he 1b nl Interferon b ta 1b pl Interferon beta 1b ru sr Interferon beta 1b ... more details
Pegylated interferon PEG IFN is a class of medication that includes two different drugs as of 2008 ref name HepC2008 cite book last editor first Emilio Jirillo, title Hepatitis C virus disease immunobiology and clinical applications year 2008 publisher Springer location New York isbn 9780387713755 pages 237 url http books.google.ca books?id yjzazAgMWEUC&pg PA237 edition Online Ausg. ref Pegylated interferon alpha 2a Pegylated interferon alpha 2b In these formulation, polyethylene glycol is added to make interferon last longer in the body. ref http www.medscape.com viewarticle 407963 5 Hepatology Focus Update on Hepatitis C Treatment Pegylated Interferon ref They are used to treat both hepatitis B ref cite book first Hendryk Dancygier. With contributions by H. D. Allescher title Clinical Hepatology year 2010 publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg location S.l. isbn 9783642045097 pages 765 url http books.google.ca books?id lrPX8C4p90QC&pg PA765 ref and hepatitis C . ref name HepC2008 References reflist Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages Category Antivirals Category Immunostimulants antiinfective drug stub antineoplastic drug stub sl Peginterferon ... more details
mergeto IFNB1 discuss Talk Interferon beta 1a Merge with IFNB1? date September 2011 drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 458271076 IUPAC name Human interferon beta image 1AU1 Human Interferon Beta01.png width 250 Clinical data pregnancy category FDA Class C routes of administration Sub cutaneous ... weight 20027.0 g mol Interferon beta 1a also interferon beta 1 alpha is a drug in the interferon ..., Lyseng Williamson KA title Spotlight on subcutaneous recombinant interferon beta 1a Rebif in relapsing ... doi 10.2165 00063030 200519050 00005 ref It is produced by mammalian cells, while Interferon beta ... for MS, though starting a course of interferons early may slow its progress. Interferon beta 1a ... . Overview It is believed that Interferon beta based drugs achieve their beneficial effect on MS progression via their inflammation anti inflammatory properties. Studies have also determined that Interferon ... date June 2010 This strengthening of the BBB may be a contributing factor to Interferon Beta s beneficial ... http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus druginfo meds a604005.html title Interferon beta 1a Subcutaneous Injection ref ref name Avonex cite web title Avonex Interferon beta la url http www.fda.gov downloads ... as well as relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and is similar to the interferon beta protein produced ... name of recombinant Interferon beta 1 a, which is manufactured as biosimilar biogeneric in Iran ... Projekt Management VPM GmbH in Braunschweig, Germany. Related drugs Closely related is Interferon beta 1b , also may be indicated for Multiple Sclerosis, and with a very similar drug profile. Interferon ... is a new brand of interferon beta 1b to be marketed by Novartis beginning in 2009. See also Interferon beta 1b References Reflist Interferons DEFAULTSORT Interferon Beta 1a Category Cytokines Category Pfizer Category Immunostimulants cs Interferon beta 1a fa fr Interf ron b ta 1a it Interferone beta 1a he 1a nl Interferon b ta 1a ru 1a sr Interferon ... more details
Found in cows and sheep, Interferon tau is the signal from the developing embryo to the mother that she is pregnant. It is secreted by the trophoblast cells into the uterine lumen in days 13 21 of pregnancy. It decreases endometrial oxytocin receptors, which then cannot stimulate PGF 2 alpha synthesis, preventing luteolysis . It promotes uterine implantation by increasing protein synthesis in glands. References Bagnell, C. 2005. Animal Reproduction . Rutgers University Department of Animal Sciences. Category Embryology Category Reproductive system ja ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 458271293 IUPAC name image width alt Clinical data tradename Drugs.com MedlinePlus licence EU EMA requires brand name licence US FDA may use generic name DailyMedID preference to licence US pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US C pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA OTC, Rx only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD Benz POM, CD Anab POM or CD Inv POM legal US Rx only legal status dependency liability routes of administration Parenteral Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 118390 30 0 CAS supplemental ATCvet ATC prefix L03 ATC suffix AB09 ATC supplemental PubChem PubChemSubstance IUPHAR ligand DrugBank Ref drugbankcite changed drugbank DrugBank DB00069 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID NA UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL Chemical data C 860 H 1353 N 227 O 255 S 9 molecular weight 19343 g mol smiles StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI StdInChI comment StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey synonyms density Interferon alfacon 1 is a recombinant synthetic Interferon type I type I interferon used for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia , melanoma malignant melanoma and AIDS related Kaposi s sarcoma . ref name DrugBank DrugBank DB00069 ref References references Category Immunostimulants Category Antivirals antineoplastic drug stub ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 461935673 name Interferon alpha n3 IUPAC name image width alt image2 width2 alt2 imagename else may use drug name drug name else may use imagename caption Clinical data tradename Drugs.com MedlinePlus licence EU EMA requires brand name licence US FDA may use generic name DailyMedID preference to licence US pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US C pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA OTC, Rx only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD Benz POM, CD Anab POM or CD Inv POM legal US Rx only legal status dependency liability routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID NA CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number CAS supplemental ATCvet ATC prefix none if uncategorised ATC suffix ATC supplemental PubChem PubChemSubstance IUPHAR ligand DrugBank Ref drugbankcite changed drugbank DrugBank DB00018 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL Chemical data chemical formula C H Ag As Au B Bi Br Cl Co F Fe Gd I K Mn N Na O P Pt S Sb Se Sr Tc Zn charge molecular weight smiles StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI StdInChI comment StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey synonyms density melting point melting high melting notes boiling point boiling notes solubility specific rotation sec combustion Interferon alpha n3 Alferon N is a Pharmaceutical drug medication consisting of purified natural human Interferon type I IFN interferon alpha proteins used for the treatment of genital wart s. ref name DrugBank DrugBank DB00018 ref References references Category Immunostimulants Category Antivirals antineoplastic drug stub ... more details
Gerpferon Firn M with acyclovir , lidocaine ointment herpes See also Interferon References references ... S, Taira H, Hall A, et al. title Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2010 Image 1HIG Interferon Gamma01.png thumb 200px The 3D structure of human IFN A sole member makes up the type II IFNs that is called interferongamma IFN gamma . Mature IFN is an anti parallel homodimer , which binds to the IFN receptor IFNGR complex to elicit a signal within its target cell. IFNGR is made up of two subunits each of molecules designated IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. Sources and functions interferongamma IFN is involved in the regulation of the immune and inflammatory responses in humans, there is only one type of interferongamma. It is produced in activated T cell s and natural killer cell s. IFN has some anti viral and anti tumor effects, but these are generally weak. However, this cytokine potentiates the effects of the type I IFNs. IFN released by T helper cell Th1 cell s recruits leukocyte s to a site of infection, resulting in increased inflammation. It also stimulates macrophage s to kill bacteria that have been engulfed. IFN released by Th1 cells is also important in regulating the Th2 response. As IFN is vitally implicated in the regulation of immune response, its production can lead to autoimmune disorder s. Homologs of interferongamma are found in birds, frogs, and teleost fish. Thus it is likely that all bony fish tetrapods encode IFN . The gene structure of IFN is identical to that of its structurally related cytokines, except that the intron between the third and fourth exons does not exist. Notably, many teleost fish encode two distinct IFN species called IFN 1 and IFN 2 that appear to bind genetically and physically distinct IFN R1 chains. In all investigated tetrapods, there is a single IFN gene that binds a unique IFN R1 chain and in amniotes a unique IFN R2 chain. Frogs appear to encode two distinct IFN R2 genes whose intracellular domains differ significantly. External links MeshName Interferon Type II Interferons Category Cytokines Category Antivirals sr Interferon tip II zh II ... more details
pp semi indef About Latin IPA Latin gamma other uses Unreferenced date December 2009 Wiktionary Greek Alphabet letter gammaGamma uppercase lang el , lowercase lang el Lang el G mma is the third ... . Letters that arose from Gamma include the Roman C and G and the Cyrillic letters Ge Cyrillic and Ge ..., with a shaped gamma. In Ancient Greek language Ancient Greek , gamma represented a voiced velar ... velars , , k, kh, ks , gamma represents a velar nasal IPA . A double gamma represents the sequence ... Phonetic Alphabet , lowercase gamma IPA represents the voiced velar fricative . A lowercase gamma that lies above the baseline typography baseline rather than crossing it IPA represents the close mid back unrounded vowel . Math and science Lower case The lower case letter math gamma ..., which is unfortunate since this is also used for the Euler characteristic gamma radiation in nuclear ... ratio in electromagnetism gamma waves gamma oscillation in neuroscience Gamma motoneuron Gamma motoneurons in neuroscience Gamma is a non International System of Units SI metric system metric units of measurement ... deprecated. Gamma is also a non International System of Units SI units of measurement unit ... nano tesla unit tesla nT . the power by which the luminance of an image is increased in gamma correction ... is represented by a lower case gamma with a dot above it math dot gamma math Austenite also known ... letter math Gamma math is used as a symbol for In mathematics, the gamma function usually written as math Gamma math function is an extension of the factorial to complex number s In probability theory and statistics, the gamma distribution is a two parameter family of continuous probability distributions ... and electrical engineering The tape alphabet of a Turing machine Meteorology Gamma was one of the names used in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season as Tropical Storm Gamma . Technical notes HTML The List ... for uppercase and lowercase gamma are code & Gamma code and code & gamma code . Unicode class ... more details
GAMMA experiment is a study of a Primary cosmic ray energy spectra and elemental composition abundances of the elements at energies 10 sup 15 sup 10 sup 18 sup eV so called knee energy region ref cite journal author A.P. Garyaka, R.M. Martirosov, S.V. Ter Antonyan, A.D. Erlykin, N.M. Nikolskaya, Y.A. Gallant, L.W. Jones, J. Procureur year 2008 title All particle primary energy spectrum in the 3 200 PeV energy range journal Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics volume 35 issue 11 pages 115201 doi 10.1088 0954 3899 35 11 115201 arxiv 0808.1421 ref ref cite journal author A.P. Garyaka, R.M. Martirosov, S.V. Ter Antonyan, N. Nikolskaya, Y.A. Gallant, L. Jones, J. Procureur year 2007 title Rigidity dependent cosmic ray energy spectra in the knee region obtained with the GAMMA experiment journal Astroparticle Physics volume 28 issue 2 pages 169 doi 10.1016 j.astropartphys.2007.04.004 arxiv 0704.3200 ref ref cite journal author S.V. Ter Antonyan year 2007 title Mutually compensative pseudo solutions of primary energy spectra in the knee region journal Astroparticle Physics volume 28 issue 3 pages 321 doi 10.1016 j.astropartphys.2007.06.004 arxiv 0706.4087 ref b Galaxy Galactic Diffusion diffuse gamma ray intensity at energies 10 sup 14 sup 10 sup 15 sup eV ref cite journal author Romen M. Martirosov, Samvel V. Ter Antonyan, Anatoly D. Erlykin, Alexandr P. Garyaka, Natalya M. Nikolskaya, Yves A. Gallant, Lawrence W. Jones year 2009 title Galactic diffuse gamma ray flux at the energy about 175 TeV journal Proceedings of 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference ICRC , Lodz ... jets production at energies 10 sup 16 sup eV by the muon multi core shower events. Image Gamma Experiment diagrammatic layout.png 460px thumb GAMMA Experiment. GAMMA experiment is deployed on the South ... of the GAMMA facility is 3200 m above sea level , which corresponds to about 700 g cm ... of shower muons with energy greater than 5 GeV . The results of GAMMA experiment for 2004 2010 ... more details
wiktionary Receptor may refer to Cellular Sensory receptor , in physiology, any structure which, on receiving environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse Molecular Receptor biochemistry , in biochemistry, a protein molecule that receives and responds to a neurotransmitter, or other substance Special cases of receptors in biochemistry Cell surface receptor , a receptor on the outer surface of a cell membrane, that takes part in communication between the cell and the outside world Nuclear receptor , a receptor found within cells that is responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules Immune receptor , a receptor that occurs on the surface of immunocytes and binds to antigens Telecommunication Receiver radio , a device for the reception of electromagnetic signals disambig ar ca Receptor fr R cepteur id Reseptor it Recettore lt Receptorius nl Receptor oc Receptor ro Receptor ru sl Receptor fi Reseptori zh ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
