Unreferenced date June 2010 Image 1HIG Interferon Gamma01.png thumb 200px The 3D structure of human IFN A sole member makes up the typeII IFNs that is called interferon gamma IFN gamma . Mature IFN is an anti parallel homodimer , which binds to the IFN receptor IFNGR complex to elicit a signal within its target cell. IFNGR is made up of two subunits each of molecules designated IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. Sources and functions interferon gamma IFN is involved in the regulation of the immune and inflammatory responses in humans, there is only one type of interferon gamma. It is produced in activated T cell s and natural killer cell s. IFN has some anti viral and anti tumor effects, but these are generally weak. However, this cytokine potentiates the effects of the type I IFNs. IFN released by T helper cell Th1 cell s recruits leukocyte s to a site of infection, resulting in increased inflammation. It also stimulates macrophage s to kill bacteria that have been engulfed. IFN released by Th1 cells is also important in regulating the Th2 response. As IFN is vitally implicated in the regulation of immune response, its production can lead to autoimmune disorder s. Homologs of interferon gamma are found in birds, frogs, and teleost fish. Thus it is likely that all bony fish tetrapods encode IFN . The gene structure of IFN is identical to that of its structurally related cytokines, except that the intron between the third and fourth exons does not exist. Notably, many teleost fish encode two distinct IFN species called IFN 1 and IFN 2 that appear to bind genetically and physically distinct IFN R1 chains. In all investigated tetrapods, there is a single IFN gene that binds a unique IFN R1 chain and in amniotes a unique IFN R2 chain. Frogs appear to encode two distinct IFN R2 genes whose intracellular domains differ significantly. External links MeshName InterferonTypeII Interferons Category Cytokines Category Antivirals sr Interferon tip II zh II ... more details
The recently classified type III interferon group consists of three IFN lambda molecules called IFN 1, IFN 2 and IFN 3 also called interleukin 29 IL29 , interleukin 28 IL28A and interleukin 28 IL28B respectively . ref cite journal author Vilcek J title Novel interferons journal Nat. Immunol. volume 4 issue 1 pages 8 9 year 2003 month January pmid 12496969 doi 10.1038 ni0103 8 ref These IFNs signal through a receptor complex consisting of IL10R2 also called CRF2 4 and IFNLR1 also called CRF2 12 . ref cite journal author Bartlett NW, Buttigieg K, Kotenko SV, Geoffrey L. Smith Smith GL title Murine interferon lambdas type III interferons exhibit potent antiviral activity in vivo in a poxvirus infection model journal J. Gen. Virol. volume 86 issue Pt 6 pages 1589 96 year 2005 month June pmid 15914836 doi 10.1099 vir.0.80904 0 url http vir.sgmjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 15914836 ref Acceptance of this classification is less universal than that of type I and typeII, and unlike the other two, it is not currently included in Medical Subject Headings . References reflist Interferons Category Cytokines Category Antivirals sr Interferon tip III ... more details
Image 1AU1 Human Interferon Beta01.png thumb 200px The 3D structure of human IFN Human type I interferon s comprise a vast and growing group of IFN proteins. All type I IFNs bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex known as the IFN receptor Interferon alpha beta receptor IFNAR that consists of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains. Homologous molecules to type I IFNs are found in many species, including ..., also known as limitin . ref Oritani and Tomiyama, Interferon limitin Novel type I Interferon ... 80, pages 325 331 . ref ref Hardy et al., Characterization of the type I interferon locus and identification ... types Avian Type I IFNs have been characterized and preliminarily assigned to subtypes IFN I, IFN II ... Schultz et al., The interferon system of non mammalian vertebrates. Developmental and Comparative Immunology ... interferon alfa 2a Pegylated interferon alfa 2b IFN The IFN proteins are produced in large ..., New chromosomal mapping assignments for argininosuccinate synthetase pseudogene 1, interferon beta ... IFN subtypes IFN This subtype of Type I IFN was recently described as a pseudogene in human .... Its presence on the edge of the Type I IFN locus in mammals may have shielded it from ... identified as being the most potent producers of type I IFNs in response to antigen, and have thus ... et al., Fever of recombinant human interferon alpha is mediated by opioid domain interaction with opioid ... of avian genomes. Functional lizard Type I IFNs can be found in lizard genome databases. Turtle Type ... of amphibian Type I IFNs have been inferred by the discovery of the genes encoding their receptor chains. They have not yet been purified, or their genes cloned. Piscine bony fish Type I IFN ... Type I IFN genes contain introns, in similar positions as do their orthologs, certain interleukins. References reflist External links MeshName InterferonType I Interferons DEFAULTSORT InterferonType I Category Cytokines Category Antivirals Category Immunostimulants ja I sr Interferon tip ... more details
ref interferon alpha beta receptor interferon gamma receptor Interleukin receptors TypeII interleukin receptors To edit, search for Template TypeII interleukin receptors References Reflist 2 Cytokine ...TypeII cytokine receptors are transmembrane protein s that are expressed on the surface of certain cells, which bind and respond to a select group of cytokine s. These Receptor immunology receptor s are similar to type I cytokine receptor s except they do not possess the signature sequence WSXWS that is characteristic of type I receptors. Structure Typically typeII cytokine receptors are heterodimers or multimers with a high and a low affinity component. Currently no complete structure of the extracellular domains of a typeII cytokine receptor is available. These receptors are related predominantly by sequence similarities in their extracellular portions that are composed of tandem Ig like domains. The intracellular domain of typeII cytokine receptors is typically associated with a tyrosine kinase belonging to the Janus kinase JAK family. Types TypeII cytokine receptors include those that bind type I and typeIIinterferon s, and those that bind members of the interleukin 10 family interleukin 10, interleukin 20 and interleukin 22 . ref name pmid12521379 cite journal author Dumoutier L, Lejeune D, Hor S, Fickenscher H, Renauld JC title Cloning of a new typeII cytokine receptor ... ref name pmid11481447 cite journal author Xu W title A soluble class II cytokine receptor, IL 22RA2 ... S last6 Chen first6 Z last7 Dillon first7 SR last8 Gao first8 Z last9 Gilbert first9 T ref Interferon receptors The interferon receptor is a molecule displayed on the surface of cells which allows them to interact with the anti viral substance interferon. The receptor is genetically coded for by number of different genes, as there are a few distinct types of interferon. Interferon receptor deficiency ... W title Correction of complete interferon gamma receptor 1 deficiency by bone marrow transplantation ... more details
TypeII keratins or TypeII cytokeratins constitutes the TypeII intermediate filaments IFs of the intracytoplasmatic cytoskeleton, which is present in all mammalian epithelial cells. The type 2 cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral, high molecular weight protein s which in vivo are arranged in pairs of heterotypic Type I and TypeII keratin chains, coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. TypeII cytokeratins are encoded on chromosome 12q and encompasses CK1, CK2, CK3, CK4, CK5, CK6, CK7 and CK8. Their molecular weight ranges from 52 kDa CK8 to 67 kDa CK18 . See also Type I keratin External links MeshName TypeII Keratin protein stub Cytoskeletal Proteins Fibrous proteins Category Keratins fr Cytok ratines de typeII ... more details
orphan date August 2008 Image Alzheimer typeII astrocyte high mag cropped.jpg thumb right Micrograph showing Alzheimer typeII astrocytes. The Alzheimer typeII astrocyte is a pathological type of Cell biology cell in the cerebral cortex of brain . Alzheimer typeII astrocyte s are present in hepatic encephalopathy and Wilson s disease . ref Blueprints Neurolgy, 2nd ed. ref Alzheimer typeII astrocytes are enlarged astrocytes with vesicular nuclei and basophilic nucleoli, which appear to be metabolically hyperactive. ref Online Medical Dictionary at CancerWeb ref They are not associated with Alzheimer s disease. References references DEFAULTSORT Alzheimer TypeIi Astrocyte Category Human cells medicine stub ru II ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 TypeII hair keratin is one of the two types of hair keratin . It is a basic chemistry basic protein which heterodimerize s with type I hair keratin s to form nail anatomy hair and nail anatomy nails . See also Monilethrix Fibrous proteins DEFAULTSORT TypeIi Hair Keratin Category Keratins Protein stub fr Exok ratines de typeII ... more details
Expert subject physics date November 2008 A TypeII superconductor is a superconductor characterized by the formation of vortex lattices in magnetic field. It has a continuous second order phase transition ... of typeII superconductivity was theoretically predicted by Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov , for which ... prizes physics laureates 2003 abrikosov lecture.pdf TypeII superconductors and the vortex lattice , Nobel Lecture, December 8, 2003 ref TypeII superconductors exhibit flux penetration and flux pinning ... pseudoresistance from causing dissipation. Materials TypeII superconductors are usually made of metal alloys or complex oxide ceramic s, whereas most superconducting pure metals are Type I superconductors. All high temperature superconductors are TypeII superconductors, and as of early 2008 comprise mostly complex copper oxide ceramics. While most pure metal or pure element superconductors are Type I, niobium , vanadium , and technetium are pure element TypeII superconductors. Boron doped diamond and silicon are also TypeII superconductors. Metal alloy superconductors also exhibit TypeII behavior e.g. niobium titanium , niobium tin . Niobium tin was discovered in 1954. Other TypeII examples ... with is also believed to be a TypeII superconductor. In 2001 Magnesium diboride was discovered to be a typeII SC with useful properties. Until the discovery of the iron based superconductor ... critical field . ref http www unix.mcs.anl.gov superconductivity phase.html H T diagrams of Type I and TypeII SC ref Vortex state Ginzburg Landau theory defines 2 parameters The Superconducting coherence ... magnetic field. In a TypeII superconductor, the coherence length is smaller than the London penetration ... Prize in Physics for his pioneering contributions. ref Cite journal title Nobel Lecture TypeII ... technology Type I superconductor Type 1.5 superconductor Unconventional superconductor Bean ... tipo II uk II ... more details
In mathematics , there are up to isomorphism exactly two hyperfinite typeII factors one infinite and one finite. Murray and von Neumann proved that up to isomorphism there is a unique von Neumann algebra that is a factor functional analysis factor of typeII sub 1 sub and also von Neumann algebra Amenable von Neumann algebras hyperfinite it is called the hyperfinite typeII sub 1 sub factor . There are an uncountable number of other factors of typeII sub 1 sub . Alain Connes Connes proved that the infinite one is also unique. Constructions The von Neumann algebra Examples von Neumann group algebra of a discrete group with the infinite conjugacy class property is a factor of typeII sub 1 sub , and if the group is amenable and countable the factor is hyperfinite. There are many groups with these properties, as any locally finite group is amenable. For example, the von Neumann group algebra ... number of elements gives the hyperfinite typeII sub 1 sub factor. The hyperfinite typeII ... of factors of type I sub n sub with respect to their tracial states is the hyperfinite typeII ... of the hyperfinite II sub 1 sub factor form a continuous geometry . The infinite hyperfinite typeII factor While there are other factors of von Neumann algebra typeII sub sub , there is a unique ... in the hyperfinite typeII sub 1 sub factor that define bounded operator s. See also Subfactor s References ... pp. 716 808. This shows that all approximately finite factors of typeII sub 1 sub are isomorphic ... Hilbert space. If p is any non zero finite projection in a hyperfinite von Neumann algebra A of typeII, then pAp is the hyperfinite typeII sub 1 sub factor. Equivalently the Von Neumann algebra TypeII factors fundamental group of A is the group of all positive real numbers. This can often be hard to see directly. It is, however, obvious when A is the infinite tensor product of factors of type ... the tracial state is either 1 or math 1 1 n math . Properties The hyperfinite II sub 1 sub factor ... more details
. In the 1990s it was realized that typeII string theory with the string coupling constant g ...Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 String theory cTopic Theory In theoretical physics , typeII string theory is a unified term that includes both type IIA strings and type IIB strings . These account for two of the five consistent superstring theory superstring theories in ten dimensions. Both theories have the maximal amount of supersymmetry &mdash namely 32 supercharge s &mdash in ten dimensions. Both theories are based on oriented closed string s. On the worldsheet , they differ only in the choice of GSO projection . Type IIA string At low energies, type IIA string theory is described by type IIA supergravity in ten dimensions which is a non chirality physics chiral theory i.e. left right symmetric with 1,1 d 10 supersymmetry the fact that the anomaly physics anomalies in this theory ... insights by Michael Duff, Paul Townsend, and others that the limit of type IIA string theory in which ... treatment of type IIA string theory belongs to symplectic topology and algebraic geometry , particularly Gromov Witten invariant s. Type IIB string At low energies, type IIB string theory is described by type IIB supergravity in ten dimensions which is a chiral theory left right asymmetric ... of type IIB string theory leads to type I string theory . The mathematical treatment of type ... structures originally studied by Kunihiko Kodaira and Donald C. Spencer . Relationship between the typeII theories In the late 1980s, it was realized that type IIA string theory is related to type IIB string theory by T duality . See also Superstring theory Type I string Heterotic string DEFAULTSORT TypeIi String Theory Category String theory Physics stub String theory stub ar es Tipo II teor a de cuerdas fr Th orie des cordes de typeII it Teoria di stringa tipo II lt II tipo styg teorija ja II ... more details
protein Name collagen, typeII, alpha 1 primary osteoarthritis, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, congenital caption image width HGNCid 2200 Symbol COL2A1 AltSymbols SEDC EntrezGene 1280 OMIM 120140 RefSeq NM 001844 UniProt P02458 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 12 Arm q Band 13.11 LocusSupplementaryData q13.2 TypeII collagen is the basis for articular cartilage and hyaline cartilage . It makes up 50 of all protein in cartilage and 85 90 of collagen of articular cartilage. TypeII collagen does form fibrils. This fibrillar network of collagen allows cartilage to entrap the proteoglycan aggregate as well as provide tensile strength to the tissue. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis According to a study ref Cite journal last Trentham first D. last2 Dynesius Trentham first2 R. last3 Orav first3 J. last4 Combitchi first4 D. last5 Lorenzo first5 C. last6 Sewell first6 K. last7 Hafler first7 D. lastauthoramp yes first8 H. last8 Weiner title Effects of Oral Administration of TypeII Collagen on Rheumatoid Arthritis journal Science journal Science year 1993 volume 261 issue 5119 pages 1727 1730 doi 10.1126 science.8378772 ref published in the journal Science, oral administration of typeII collagen improves symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis . The authors conducted a randomized, double blind trial involving 60 patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis. A decrease in the number of swollen joints and tender joints occurred in subjects fed with chicken typeII collagen for 3 months, but not in those that received a placebo. Four patients in the collagen group had complete remission of the disease. No side effects were evident. References Reflist colwidth 30em See also Collagen Type I collagen Collagen, type III, alpha 1 External links MeshName Collagen typeII gene 12 stub Fibrous proteins Category Collagens ... more details
for the typeII pneumocyte lineage during lung carcinogenesis journal Cancer Res. volume 58 issue ... Human cells de Pneumozyt Pneumozyt Typ II ja II pt Pneum cito tipo II sl Pnevmocit tipa II sv Typ II pneumocyter ... more details
sub machine gun used by the Japanese military, the Type 100 submachine gun Type 100 , was much more numerous. It was also used by the Imperial Army as well as the Navy. The Type 100 was the only finalized sub machine gun used by the Japanese although it was more cumbersome than the TypeII. See also List of submachine guns List of common World War II infantry weapons References reflist Further reading Chris Bishop et al. The Complete Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II . Brown Books, 1998. Japanese WWII infantry weapons Firearms stub Category 8 mm firearms Category World War II Japanese infantry weapons Category World War II submachine guns Category Submachine guns es Pistola Ametralladora Tipo 2 no TypeII maskinpistol ja zh ...Infobox Weapon name Trial II image http forum.axishistory.com download file.php?id 228439 Image caption The TypeII origin flag Empire of Japan type Submachine Gun Type selection is ranged yes Service history service 1935 1945 used by File Naval Ensign of Japan.svg 22px Imperial Japanese Navy wars Second Sino Japanese War br World War II Production history designer Kijiro Nambu design date 1935 manufacturer number variants General specifications weight 3.37 kg 7.4 lb empty 4.39 kg 9.8 lb loaded length 896 mm 35 in part length 228 mm 9.0 in Ranged weapon specifications cartridge 8x22mm Nambu caliber 8 mm action Blowback rate 800 rounds min velocity range max range feed 50 round box Magazine firearm magazine ref http www.dragonsoffire.com TypeII Model A.php ref sights Iron sights The nihongo Trial II submachine gun Shisei ni gata kikan tanj was a submachine gun of Japanese origin chambered in the 8mm Nambu round and was issued to Japanese Naval units. ref name dragon http dragonsoffire.com NambuPistols.htm ref The machine gun was produced in relatively small numbers for the IJN during the invasion of Shanghai. During its trial periods it was found that the 8mm round which it used ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Tyrosinemia typeII Image L tyrosine skeletal.png Caption Tyrosine DiseasesDB 13486 DiseasesDB mult ICD10 ICD10 E 70 2 e 70 ICD9 ICD9 270.2 ICDO OMIM 276600 OMIM mult MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 2339 MeshID D020176 Tyrosinemia typeII Oculocutaneous tyrosinemia , ref name Andrews Richner Hanhart syndrome ref name Andrews James, William Berger, Timothy Elston, Dirk 2005 . Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology . 10th ed. . Saunders. ISBN 0721629210. ref rp 543 is an autosomal recessive condition with onset between ages 2 and 4 years, when painful circumscribed callus es develop on the pressure point s of the Hand Human anatomy palm of the hand and Sole foot sole of the foot . ref name Fitz2 Freedberg, et al. 2003 . Fitzpatrick s Dermatology in General Medicine . 6th ed. . McGraw Hill. ISBN 0071380760. ref rp 512 Pathophysiology TypeII tyrosinemia is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase EC number 2.6.1.5 , encoded by the gene TAT . Tyrosine aminotransferase is the first in a series of five enzyme s that converts tyrosine to smaller molecules, which are excreted by the kidney s or used in reactions that produce energy. This form of the disorder can affect the Human eye eye s, Human skin skin , and mental development. Symptoms often begin in early childhood and include excessive Tears tearing , abnormal sensitivity to light photophobia , eye pain and redness, and painful List of cutaneous conditions Palmoplantar keratodermas skin lesions on the palms and soles. About half of individuals with typeII tyrosinemia are also mentally challenged. TypeII tyrosinemia occurs in fewer than 1 in 250,000 individuals. Fact date February 2009 See also Palmoplantar keratoderma List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Amino acid metabolic pathology Category Amino acid metabolism disorders Category Autosomal recessive disorders Category Palmoplantar keratodermas Cutaneous condition stub dv ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Atelosteogenesis, typeII Image Caption DiseasesDB 33349 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 256050 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Atelosteogenesis, typeII is a severe disorder of cartilage and bone development. It is extremely rare, and infants with the disorder are usually stillbirth stillborn , however those that that survive birth die soon after from Respiration physiology respiratory failure . Symptoms Infants born with this condition have very short arm s and leg s, a narrow chest, and a prominent, rounded abdomen . This disorder is also characterized by an opening in the roof of the mouth cleft palate , distinctive facial features, an inward and downward turning foot clubfoot , and unusually positioned thumbs hitchhiker thumbs . The signs and symptoms of atelosteogenesis, type 2 are similar to those of another skeletal disorder called diastrophic dysplasia . Atelosteogenesis, type 2 tends to be more severe, however. Genetics Image autorecessive.svg thumb right Atelosteogenesis, typeII has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Atelosteogenesis, type 2 is one of a spectrum of skeletal disorders caused by mutations in the SLC26A2 gene. The protein made by this gene is essential for the normal development of cartilage and for its conversion to bone. Mutations in the SLC26A2 gene disrupt the structure of developing cartilage, preventing bones from forming properly and resulting in the skeletal problems characteristic of atelosteogenesis, type 2. This condition is an autosomal recessive disorder, which means the defective gene is located on an autosome , and two copies of the gene one from each parent must be inherited for a child to be born with the disorder. The parents of a child with an autosomal recessive disorder are not affected ... www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books NBK1317 GeneReviews NCBI NIH UW entry on Atelosteogenesis Type 2,McAlister ... Type 2 Osteochondrodysplasia Solute carrier disorders Category Autosomal recessive ... more details
homologous to all other type IIA topoisomerases. TypeII topoisomerases cut both strands of the DNA ... allows typeII topoisomerases to increase or decrease the linking number of a DNA loop by 2 units ... , a typeII topoisomerase observed in E. coli and most other prokaryote s, introduces negative supercoils ... microscopy, and recent structures of topo II bound to DNA reveal that type IIA topoisomerases ... II topoisomerases, type IIA and IIB. Type IIA topoisomerases include the enzymes DNA gyrase, eukaryotic ... , a Toprim domain sometimes called a Rossmann fold , which exists in both TypeII topoisomerases, type ... a heart shape structure , and a variable C terminal domain. Eukaryotic typeII topoisomerases are homodimers ... Mechanism of typeII topoisomerases Type IIA topoisomerase operates through a two gate mechanism though ... daughter cells. As TypeII topoisomerses break a double strand, they can fix this state Type ... of as being without ends TypeII topoisomerases are needed for the same reason. Inhibition Small molecules that target typeII topoisomerase are divided into two classes inhibitors and poisons. Inhibitors of typeII topoisomerase include HU 331 , ICRF 187 , ICRF 193 , and mitindomide . These molecules ..., 2005 and biochemical studies performed by the Lindsley group. Poisons of typeII topoisomerases .... 2002 Jun 3 6 430 40. External links MeshName DNA Topoisomerases, TypeII Topoisomerases Category ... triphosphate ATP , unlike type I topoisomerase . In this process, these enzymes change the linking ... bacterial chromosome . Along with gyrase, most prokaryotes also contain a second type IIA topoisomerase ... supercoil s, while topo IV, which forms a 28 base pair footprint, does not wrap DNA. Eukaryotic typeII topoisomerase cannot introduce supercoils it can only relax them. The role of type IIB topoisomerases is less understood. Unlike typeII topoisomerases, it cannot simplify DNA topology see below , but it shares several structural features with type IIA topoisomerases. Topology simplification Type ... more details
unsourced date September 2010 biology stub date April 2011 TypeII sensory fiber group A is a type of sensory fiber , the second of the two main groups of stretch receptor s. They are non adapting, meaning that they keep responding even when the muscle has stopped changing its length. They are the second most highly myelinated fibers in the body. Their firing rate is directly related to the muscle s instantaneous length, or position. This information would indicate the position of one s leg once it has stopped moving. They do not respond to rate of length changes as do the Ia fibers. TypeII fibers connect to nuclear chain fiber s, but not to nuclear bag fiber s. These connections, referred to as flower spray endings due to their appearance, embed into the poles ends of the fibre. It is thought that the relative position of the equatorial regions of the spray when stretched determines the action potential output. Nervous tissue Category Sensory system ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pachyonychia congenita typeII Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 Q 84 5 q 80 ILDS Q84.530 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 167210 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID GeneReviewsID GeneReviewsName Pachyonychia congenita typeII also known as Jackson Lawler pachyonychia congenita, and Jackson Sertoli syndrome is an autosomal dominant keratoderma presenting with a limited focal plantar keratoderma that may be very minor, with nails changes that may be evident at birth, but more commonly develop within the first few months of life. ref name Fitz2 Freedberg, et al. 2003 . Fitzpatrick s Dermatology in General Medicine . 6th ed. . McGraw Hill. ISBN 0071380760. ref ref name Andrews James, William Berger, Timothy Elston, Dirk 2005 . Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology . 10th ed. . Saunders. ISBN 0721629210. ref rp 569 See also Palmoplantar keratoderma List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Genodermatoses stub Scleroprotein disease Category Genodermatoses Category Palmoplantar keratodermas ... more details
TypeII Cepheids are variable stars which pulsate with periods typically between 1 and 50 days. ref name wallerstein02 cite journal bibcode 2002PASP..114..689W title The Cepheids of Population II and Related Stars author1 Wallerstein, George volume 114 year 2002 pages 689 journal The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific doi 10.1086 341698 issue 797 ref ref name so08 cite journal bibcode 2008AcA....58..293S title The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The OGLE III Catalog of Variable Stars. II.Type II Cepheids and Anomalous Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud author1 ... 2008 pages 293 journal Acta Astronomica ref TypeII Cepheids are population II stars and are thus old, typically metal poor, low mass objects. ref name wallerstein02 TypeII Cepheids were historically ... Tauri variable RV Tauri subclass . ref name wallerstein02 ref name so08 TypeII Cepheids are important ... Topic publisher Caglow accessdate 30 January 2012 ref TypeII Cepheids are used to establish the distance ... The period luminosity relation for typeII Cepheids in globular clusters author1 Matsunaga, Noriyuki ... 2008MNRAS.386.2115F title The luminosities and distance scales of typeII Cepheid and RR Lyrae variables ... title TypeII Cepheids as Extragalactic Distance Candles author1 Majaess, D. author2 Turner, D. author3 ... bibcode 2010JAVSO..38..100M title RR Lyrae and TypeII Cepheid Variables Adhere to a Common Distance ... title Period luminosity relations for typeII Cepheids and their application author1 Matsunaga ... period TypeII Cepheids, which are more luminous, have been detected beyond the Local Group in NGC ... 2003AcA....53..117K title The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Population II Cepheids ... journal Acta Astronomica ref References reflist 2 Variable star topics Category Cepheid variables TypeII Cepheid Category Astrometry Category Standard candles Category Variable stars star stub astronomy stub pl Cefeidy typu II ... more details
hours to a day. Another form of typeII hypersensitivity is called antibody dependent cell mediated ... kill these tagged cells. TypeII hypersensitivity like autoimmunity Autoimmune diseases resemble typeII IV hypersensitivity reactions. They differ from hypersensitivity reactions in that the antigens .... Below are some examples of TypeII hypersensitivity like autoimmunity. TypeII hypersensitivity like ... non collagenous domain NC1 of the alpha 3 chain of collagen type IV complement receptor Complement ... more details
Infobox VG title R TypeII image Image R TypeII flyer.jpg 250px R TypeII arcade flyer caption R TypeII arcade flyer developer Irem company Irem publisher Irem designer release 1989 in video gaming 1989 ... ST br Game Boy br PlayStation br PlayStation Network input 8 way joystick , 2 buttons R TypeII ... enemies. Hudson Soft ported the later 4 levels of the original R Type to the TurboGrafx 16 with the title R TypeII , but the Hudson release is unrelated to the game described in this article ... weapons in R TypeII font color 008000 Green Search Laser font fires semi homing lasers that can bend ... , is a semi port of R TypeII . The game was released for the Wii Virtual Console on January 29, 2008 for 800 Wii Points . About half of the levels in Super R Type were newly created, but some are arranged versions of the levels in R TypeII . R TypeII , For the Amiga, is a downgraded though faithful ... R TYPEII oldid 19356386 External links http www.irem.co.jp official r j product r types index.html ... Virtual Console ja icon moby game id r typeii name R TypeII R Type series DEFAULTSORT R TypeIi ... Video game sequels Category PlayStation Portable games fr R TypeII it R TypeII ja R TYPEII ... by Irem company Irem in 1989 in video gaming 1989 . It is the second game in the R Type series. History The game is the sequel to R Type , which was first released as an arcade game in 1987 in video ... is destroyed. Controls The controls are mostly unchanged from R Type , where the 8 way joystick ... to equip or unequip R Type Force Force the series most unusual innovation. Pressing down the shot ... the second crystal is collected, and even stronger with a third crystal. Only one type of crystal can ..., and explodes upon contact with the ground. Only one type of missile can be equipped at one time ... off in a ruined R Type Bydo Bydo base, and continues through a giant cave where waterfalls can ... on the Bydo home planet, where the alien organisms are cloned and mass produced. Ports Super R Type ... more details
served as a direct prototype for German TypeII Ship caption Finnish submarine Vesikko Vesikko , which served as a direct prototype for German TypeII Infobox Ship Class Overview Name TypeII Submarine ... types 3 torpedo tubes bow , 5 torpedoes Ship armour Ship notes The TypeII U boat was designed by Germany ... Adolf Hitler , and the first TypeII U boat was laid down on 11 February 1935. Knowing that the world ... was commissioned 11 days later. Design The defining characteristic of the TypeII was its tiny size ... Crichton Vulcan CV 707 U2A to German TypeII class wikitable style font size 95 CV 707 Type ... See list of German TypeII submarines for individual ship details See also commons category inline German TypeII submarines List of naval ship classes of Germany List of World War II ship classes Ingenieurskantoor ... Uboat WWIIGermanShips DEFAULTSORT German TypeIi Submarine Category TypeII U boats Category Submarine classes Type 002 Category World War II submarines of Germany Type 002 be ca U Boot tipus II de U Boot Klasse II fr Unterseeboot typeII it U Boot Tipo II hu II t pus n met tengeralattj r nl TypeII U boot ja U II pl Okr ty podwodne typu II ru ... caption Ship class Ship type Ship displacement IIA br convert 254 t LT 0 surfaced br convert 303 ... and sanitary facilities were basic, and in this environment long patrols were very arduous. Most Type ... submarine types, few Type IIs were lost. This, of course, reflects their use as training boats, although ... Electric convert 360 hp abbr on 2 Siemens Electric convert 402 hp abbr on Type IIA Deutsche Werke AG , of Kiel built six Type IIAs in 1934 and 1935. List of Type IIA submarines multicol 40 GS U 1 ... end Type IIB Deutsche Werke AG , of Kiel , built four Type IIBs in 1935 and 1936, Germaniawerft AG ... and 1940, for a total of twenty built. List of Type IIB submarines There were 20 Type IIB submarines ... U 22 1936 2 GS U 23 1936 2 GS U 24 1936 2 GS U 120 1940 2 GS U 121 1940 2 multicol end Type IIC Deutsche ... more details
TypeII partnerships were developed at the Earth Summit 2002 Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable ... consensus among state and non governmental actors that TypeII partnerships are a significantly ... in 2002, TypeII partnerships are characterised by collaborations between national or sub ... location Italy ref The Johannesburg negotiations concluded that TypeII partnerships must meet seven ... were successfully fulfilled, it was hoped that TypeII partnerships could create ... for the management of TypeII partnerships as its wikt mandate mandate and focus were considered ... to the management of TypeII agreements. The UNCSD supervises the 300 TypeII partnerships formed as a result ... text.cfm?ContentID 371 accessdate 11 May 2011 ref blockquote . The dominance of TypeII partnerships ... the Johannesburg negotiations would be TypeII partnerships, through which the UN hoped to harness ... for TypeII partnerships specified that the agreements should be complementary to, not an alternative ... traditional government approaches. Rather than treating TypeII partnerships as a panacea for sustainable ... Within a Foucault Foucauldian context, the Type I and TypeII arguments presented in the summit negotiations ... contrast to the multi stakeholder premise of TypeII partnerships. The eco governmental, disciplinary ... of TypeII partnerships demonstrates an advanced liberal governmentality which empowers non state .... ref name Death The eventual dominance of TypeII partnerships in the outcomes of the Johannesburg ... networks TypeII partnerships exemplify a growing reliance on public private civil co operation ... TypeII Partnerships journal Yearbook of International Co operation on Environment and Development ..., A. Schrey gg ref TypeII partnerships emerged as the dominant outcome of the Johannesburg summit ... Paradigm in the Making editor P. Glasbergen ref The development of TypeII partnerships ... development required TypeII partnerships to address a broader concept of sustainable development, and consequently ... more details
primarysources date March 2009 Infobox VG title R Type and R TypeII image caption developer Irem br Tozai Games X360 publisher series designer engine released genre Shoot em up Scrolling shooters Side scrolling shoot em up modes Single player video game Single player ratings platforms PlayStation console PlayStation , Game Boy Color , Xbox 360 media CD ROM or ROM cartridge requirements input Gamepad Irem s Shoot em up Scrolling shooters side scrolling shoot em up Arcade game Arcade , R Type and R TypeII have been video game remake rereleased several times in collective works which include both games. Games R Types R Types is a PlayStation console PlayStation and PlayStation Portable and PSN release. PSN version was released in Japan on December 21, 2006 and in North America on April 24, 2008. R Type DX R Type DX is a Game Boy Color release. R Type Complete CD R Type Complete CD is a release for the PC Engine CD ROM R Type Dimensions R Type Dimensions is a release for the Xbox 360 s Xbox Live Arcade download service. IGN editor Cam Shea ranked it 10th on his top 10 list of Xbox Live Arcade games. He praised it for its challenge and ability to switch between current and classic visuals, but felt the price may be too high. ref cite web title IGN s Top 10 Xbox Live Arcade Games url http xbox360.ign.com articles 980 980538p1.html publisher IGN accessdate 2009 08 07 date 2009 05 07 ref References reflist External links http www.tozaigames.com rtype R Type Dimensions official site R Type series DEFAULTSORT R Type And R TypeIi Compilations Category Game Boy Color games Category PlayStation games Category PlayStation Network games Category R Type Category Video game collections Category Xbox 360 Live Arcade games scroll shooter videogame stub de R Type es R Type fr R Type it R Type ja R TYPE pt R Type ru R Type sv R Type ... more details
Infobox disease Name Neurofibromatosis typeII Image Schwannoma Antoni A and B very high mag.jpg Caption Micrograph of a schwannoma , a tumor seen in neurofibromatosis typeII. HPS stain . DiseasesDB 8960 ... NF2.PNG right 50px thumb NF 2 Locus Neurofibromatosis TypeII or MISME Syndrome , for Multiple Inherited ... to result in the tumors characteristic of Neurofibromatosis typeII. The NF II gene is presumed ... typeII. The result was published in The New England Journal of Medicine . Of the ten ... peptides and proteins DEFAULTSORT Neurofibromatosis TypeIi Category Neurological disorders Category ... Typ 2 fr Neurofibromatose de typeII it Neurofibromatosi di tipo 2 ja 2 pl Nerwiakow kniakowato ... eye eye s. NF II is caused by mutation s of the Merlin protein Merlin gene , ref name pmid18953429 ... NF 2 may be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, as well as through random mutation. NF II is an inheritable ... is about 1 in 60,000. ref name pmid19545378 cite journal author Evans DG title Neurofibromatosis type ... Biology and pathophysiological relations NF II is caused by a defect in the gene that normally ... with NFII The so called acoustic neuroma of NF II is in fact a Schwannoma of the nervus vestibularis ... acousticus, 1 cm from the brainstem. Genotype Phenotype Correlation Many patients with NF II were included in studies that were designed to compare disease type and progression with exact determination .... The results of such studies are the following In most cases the mutation in the NF II gene causes ... II may develop a wide range of distinct problems. Acoustic nerve 90 of the patients show bilateral ... II are separated in two groups. Intramedullary lesions are located within the spinal tissue and usually .... Eyes Studies on patients with NF II show that more than 90 of the affected persons suffer eye lesions. The most common alteration in NF II is the juvenile subcapsular cataract opacity ... times there are elevated levels of protein in liquor study. Diagnosis NF II can be diagnosed with 65 ... more details
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