Intonation may refer to Intonation linguistics , the variation of tone used when speaking. Intonation music , a musician s realization of pitch accuracy, or the pitch accuracy of a musical instrument. Intonation Music Festival , held in Chicago. disambig cs Intonace de Intonation fr Intonation he nl Intonatie pl Intonacja ru sk Inton cia sv Intonation uk ... more details
Intonation , in music , is a musician s realization of pitch music pitch accuracy, or the pitch accuracy of a musical instrument. Intonation may be flat music flat , sharp music sharp , or both, successively .... Strings With fret less string instruments such as violins, intonation depends on the musician pressing with his fingers at the exact spot on the instrument s fingerboard. Fretted instrument intonation Several factors affect fretted instrument intonation, including depth of the string slots in the nut ... simply by carefully changing its position until the intonation is correct. Adjusting intonation ... point. Another cause of poor intonation on a fretted instrument is that the maker didn t cut the string ... the interval of a tritone on a slide length of over 80 centimeters. Intonation sensitivity Intonation sensitivity is determined by how the preference for a chord music chord varies with the musical ... formed by pitches in the ratios 3 5 7 has a very similar pattern of intonation sensitivity to the just ... musicology it is used for the purposes the Boris Asafiev s concept of the intonation nature of music. This concept looks at intonation , intonatsia as a basis of musical expression, and relates it to the peculiarities of different national or personal styles. The basis of the intonation ... Asafiev Asafiev . Sources reflist External links Konrad Schwingenstein Intonation of stringed instruments ... Censored Musical Messages , http www.chass.utoronto.ca epc srb srb censored.html N Mahoney Intonation on the Classical Guitar , http www.classical guitars plus.co.uk guitar info 784 Intonation http information.hostei.com guitar tuning.html Guitar intonation tuning method. See also Musical tuning Instrument tunings Category Pitch music bg cs Intonace hudba da Intonation de Intonation Musik es Entonaci n m sica fr Intonation musicale it Intonazione he nl Intonatie muziek ru simple Intonation music sv Intonation musik tg ... more details
In linguistics , intonation is variation of pitch music pitch while speaking which is not used to distinguish ... words. Intonation, Isochrony rhythm , and stress linguistics stress are the three main elements of linguistic prosody linguistics prosody . Intonation patterns in some languages, such as Swedish language .... Press, 1996 ch. 6. ref Fluctuations in pitch either involve a rising pitch or a falling pitch. Intonation ..., etc. Intonation can also be used for discourse analysis where new information is realised by means of intonation. It can also be used for emphatic contrastive purposes. All languages use pitch pragmatically as intonation for instance for emphasis, to convey surprise or irony , or to pose a question ... words in addition to providing intonation. Generally speaking, the following intonations are distinguished Rising Intonation means the pitch of the voice increases over time IPA Falling Intonation means that the pitch decreases with time IPA Dipping Intonation falls and then rises IPA Peaking Intonation rises and then falls IPA . Those with congenital amusia show impaired ability to discriminate, identify and imitate the intonation of the final words in sentences. ref Liu F, Patel AD, Fourcin A, Stewart L. 2010 . Intonation processing in congenital amusia discrimination, identification ... In the International Phonetic Alphabet , global rising and falling intonation are marked with a diagonal ... intonation on the question word, and a falling intonation at the end of the question. More detailed transcription systems for intonation have also been developed, such as ToBI Tones and Break Indices , RaP Rhythm and Pitch , and INTSINT ref name Hirst . Uses of intonation The uses of intonation ... no question , as in He s going home ? This use of intonation to express grammatical mood is its primary ... of the first thought The speaker was ill. indexical group membership can be indicated by the use of intonation ... women in some cases see High rising terminal Usage high rising terminal . Intonation in English ... more details
Play . In music, just intonation sometimes abbreviated as JI or pure intonation is any musical ... integers such as 1024 927 are not generally said to be justly tuned. Just intonation is the tuning ... , p.xiv. ISBN 9780252030987. ref Just intonation can be contrasted and compared with equal temperament ... Hz. Examples audio A Major Scale, Triads, and Fifths Just.ogg Just intonation An A major scale, followed by three major triads, and then a progression of fifths in just intonation. audio A Major ... Equal temperament and just intonation compared A pair of major thirds, followed by a pair of full major chords. The first in each pair is in equal temperament the second is in just intonation. Piano sound. audio A major triad equal temperament compared to just intonation 6 2008C.ogg Equal temperament and just intonation compared with square waveform A pair of major chords. The first is in equal temperament the second is in just intonation. The pair of chords is repeated with a transition from ... intonation triad this roughness is absent. The square waveform makes the difference between equal ... in 5 limit tuning 5 limit just intonation. The Guqin has a musical scale based on harmonic overtone ... Just Intonation A Guide for Interpreters , p.127, Perspectives of New Music , Vol. 29, No. 2 ... training, musicians often approach just intonation either by accident or design because it is much ... that depend on close harmonies, such as barbershop quartet s, usually use just intonation by design. Bagpipes , tuned correctly, also use just intonation. There are several conventionally used instruments which, while not associated specifically with just intonation, can handle it quite well, including ... to tune the familiar diatonic scale or chromatic scale in just intonation in many ways ... numbers 2, 3, and 5 known as 5 limit just intonation s 16 15 Semitone t 10 9 Minor tone T 9 ... Primary triads in C just.mid Play . Image Just intonation diatonic scale derivation.png thumb Just tuned ... more details
Melodic Intonation Therapy MIT is a therapeutic process used by music therapists and speech pathologists to help patients with communication disorders caused by brain damage . This method uses a style of singing called melodic Intonation music intonation to stimulate activity in the right hemisphere of the brain in order to assist in speech production. Recent evidence, however, suggests that rhythm may be the crucial MIT component rhythmic speech may engage deeper brain areas known as the basal ganglia . History Neurological researchers Sparks, Helm, and Albert developed melodic intonation therapy in 1973 while working with adults in the Aphasia Research Unit at the Boston VA Hospital http aphasiology.pitt.edu ... intonation and rhythmic patterns Davis et al. 1999 Marshal and Holtzapple 1976 . Neurophysiological ... that melodic intonation therapy can result in significant changes in brain structure through the brain ... to investigate the role of rhythm in recovery of aphasia. Who Benefits from Melodic Intonation Therapy The majority of research in melodic intonation therapy has been conducted with aphasia patients ... bridges bridges vol1 no8.pdf Roper,2003 1 . Melodic intonation therapy is not appropriate for patients ... Intonation Therapy Works The traditional melodic intonation therapy process is divided into four ... both the adult and child models of melodic intonation therapy. Adult As stated above this is a four .... A study of the effectiveness of an adaptation of melodic intonation therapy in increasing the communicative .... Marshal, Noel and Pat Holtzapple. 1976. Melodic intonation therapy Variations on a theme. Minneapolis ... et al., 1976 Roper, Nicole. 2003. Melodic intonation therapy with young children with apraxia. Bridges 1, no.3 May . Bonakdarpour, Eftekharzadeh, Ashayeri 2003 Melodic intonation therapy in Persian aphasic ... after melodic intonation therapy A PET study. Neurology, 47 6 , 1504 1511. Schlaug ,G., Marchina, S., Norton ... undergoing intense intonation based speech therapy. Annals of the New York academy of sciences ... more details
The Intonation Music Festival was a yearly summer music festival held at http www.planet99.com chicago tour 11828x.html Union Park in Chicago , Illinois . 2005 The festival was held on July 16 July 17, 2005. It was conceived of and launched by Skyline Chicago, who hired Pitchfork Media to curate, and supported by Microsoft by way of the Xbox , Tower Records , WLUW and PETA PETA2 , among others. The admission price was 15 per day, with a limited number of 22 two day passes that were available online only. Gates opened at noon each day. The festival had been announced as slated for Chicago s Pulaski Park, but the festival was moved twice, ending up in the much larger Union Park. Saturday, July 16 Headliner Tortoise band Tortoise Death from Above 1979 , The Go Team , Broken Social Scene , Four Tet , Magnolia Electric Co. , A.C. Newman , The M s , Head of Femur band Head of Femur , Pelican band Pelican and Prefuse 73 . DJ Tent Will Oldham , Jean Grae , and Laurent Lebec member of Pelican band Pelican Sunday, July 17 Headliner The Decemberists Les Savy Fav , The Wrens band The Wrens , Deerhoof , Andrew Bird , Out Hud , Xiu Xiu , Dungen , The Hold Steady and Thunderbirds Are Now . DJ Tent Diplo DJ Diplo , El P , and Reine Fiske member of Dungen 2006 The 2006 festival was held at Union Park and curated by VICE Records and supported by KEXP . Pitchfork and independent concert promoter Mike Reed withdrew their support from the festival following their split with promotion company Skyline Chicago , who organizes the festival. Pitchfork staged their own music festival in 2006, the Pitchfork Music Festival . Tickets went on sale on Monday, March 13 and cost 35 for a two day pass and 20 for a single day pass, along with a limited quantity of 25 two day passes available. Saturday, June ..., and the festival crowds of Chicago are being well served at this point, Intonation spokesman David ... A free performance of local Chicago acts sponsored by Intonation Music Festival LLC was held ... more details
The intervals of 5 limit music limit just intonation prime limit , not odd limit are ratios involving only Regular number the powers of 2, 3, and 5 . The fundamental intervals are the Superparticular number superparticular ratios 2 1 the octave , 3 2 the perfect fifth and 5 4 the major third . That is, the notes of the Major chord major triad are in the ratio 1 5 4 3 2 or 4 5 6. In all tunings, the major third is equivalent to two major second s. However, because just intonation does not allow the irrational ratio of 5 2, two different frequency ratios are used the major tone 9 8 and the minor tone 10 9 . The intervals within the diatonic scale are shown in the table below. class sortable wikitable Names Ratio Cent music Cents 12ET Cents Definition 53 equal temperament 53ET commas 53ET cents Representation ref Makam ref Complement unison 1 1 0.00 0 0 0 octave syntonic comma 81 80 21.51 0 c or T &minus t 1 22.64 semi diminished octave diesis br diminished second 128 125 41.06 0 D or S &minus x 2 45.28 augmented seventh lesser chromatic semitone br minor semitone br augmented unison 25 24 70.67 100 x or t &minus S or T &minus L 3 67.92 diminished octave Pythagorean minor second br Pythagorean limma 256 243 90.22 100 4 90.57 Pythagorean major seventh greater chromatic semitone br wide augmented unison 135 128 92.18 100 X or T &minus S 4 90.57 narrow diminished octave major semitone br limma br minor second 16 15 111.73 100 S 5 113.21 major seventh large limma br acute minor second 27 25 133.24 100 L or T &minus x 6 135.85 grave major seventh grave tone br grave major second 800 729 160.90 200 or x or t &minus c 7 158.49 acute minor seventh minor tone br lesser major second 10 9 182.40 200 t 8 181.13 minor seventh major tone br Pythagorean major second br greater major second 9 8 203.91 200 T or t c 9 203.77 Pythagorean minor seventh diminished third 256 225 223.46 200 S S 10 226.42 augmented ... more details
Wiktionary flatness flat Flatness may refer to Flatness art Flatness cosmology Flatness electrical engineering Flatness liquids Flatness manufacturing , a geometrical tolerance required in certain manufacturing situations Flatness mathematics Flatness systems theory , a property of nonlinear dynamic systems Flat music Flat Intonation music intonation See also Flattening disambig de Flachheit ... more details
Wiktionary laudative Laudatives are words or grammatical forms that denote a positive Affect linguistics affect . That is, they express praise or approval on the part of the speaker. Laudatory words in English include phrases such as he s a saint for a helpful person , this is ambrosia for a meal there is also the concept of laudatory intonation, as in What a house said with an air of wonder. What a ... with different intonation can also express contempt. This word derives from the Latin verb, laudare , meaning to praise. See also Pejorative , or negative affect References reflist Category Pejoratives ling stub sociology stub ... more details
AQI can refer to Air Quality Index Al Qaeda in Iraq Australian Questioning Intonation see High rising terminal AQ Interactive , Japanese video game developer and publisher disambig de AQI fr AQI it AQI ... more details
David Doty may refer to David B. Doty , born 1950 , American composer and authority on just intonation David S. Doty born 1929 , U.S. federal judge David Doty, actor in Shades of Ray hndis Doty, David ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A bent note is a musical note that is varied in Pitch music pitch . With Fret unfretted strings or other continuous pitch instruments such as the trombone , or with the human Vocal music voice , such variation is more properly described in terms of Intonation music intonation . Bent notes are commonly played on fretted instruments, literally by bending the string with excess finger pressure, or on Free reed aerophone free reed instruments such as the harmonica , by using excess air pressure to overblow the reed. On brass instruments such as the trumpet, the note is bent by using the lip. The bent note is commonly found in various forms of jazz and blues . See also Bend guitar Blue note Glissando Hexatonic scale Blues scale DEFAULTSORT Bent Note Category Musical notation Category Ornamentation Music theory stub ... more details
David B. Doty born 1950 is an American composer and authority on just intonation . He is the author of The Just Intonation Primer 1993, 1994, 2002 . Inspired in part by the work of Harry Partch , Doty began composing in 1970 and in 1975 co founded the San Francisco based ensemble Other Music ensemble Other Music with Henry S. Rosenthal and Dale S. Soules . After Doty studied intonation with Lou Harrison , members of Other Music built an American gamelan based on a 14 tone per octave just tuning designed by Doty and Soules see Musical system of ancient greece Syst.C3.AAma Ametabolon.2C an overview of the Tone System Syst ma Ametabolon for comparison . Other Music performed extensively in Northern California using these instruments during the years 1977 1981. Three of Doty s compositions from this period were featured on Other Music s 1980 LP Prime Numbers . Other Music ceased performing publicly in 1981, but in 1983 recorded and released a studio album, Incidents Out of Context , featuring compositions combining gamelan with synthesizers and other acoustic and electro acoustic instruments. After the dissolution of Other Music in 1983, Doty began composing for MIDI instruments and sequencers, which he has continued to do into the 21st century. Seven of these compositions in just intonation ... the http www.justintonation.net Just Intonation Network along with a number of other Northern California just intonation composers and theorists. He served as the editor of the network s journal ... just intonation guitar 2004 06 3 x 7 Recorder Duo 1 modified alto and tenor recorders Variations on a Ground ... index.html http www.justintonation.net Just Intonation Network http www.ubu.com sound tellus 14.html A selection of Just Intonation works edited by the Just Intonation Network web published ... The Just Intonation Primer by David B. Doty http artofthestates.org cgi bin piece.pl?pid 55 ... on just intonation, with Doty http www.microtonalguitar.com tutorial just intonation quote References ... more details
The high rising terminal HRT , also known as uptalk , upspeak , rising inflection or high rising intonation HRI , is a feature of some accents of English language English where statements have a rising Intonation linguistics intonation pattern in the final syllable or syllables of the utterance. Empirically, Ladd 1996, pg 123 proposes that HRT in American English and Australian English is marked by a high tone high pitch or high fundamental frequency beginning on the final accented syllable near the end of the statement the terminal , and continuing to increase in frequency up to 40 to the end of the intonational phrase. New research such as that conducted by Warren 2005 suggests that the actual rise can occur one or more syllables after the last accented syllable of the phrase, and its range is much more variable than previously thought. Origins The origins of HRT remain uncertain. Geographically, anecdotal evidence places the conception of the American English variety on the West Coast &ndash anywhere from California English Southern California to the Pacific Northwest English Pacific Northwest . ref http www.pbs.org speak seatosea americanvarieties pacificnorthwest Do you speak American ... California see Valspeak and Valley girl . Elsewhere in the United States, this intonation ... in United Kingdom Britain as Australian Question Intonation and blamed on the popularity ... to it as Australian Question Intonation AQI . See also Valleyspeak Intonation linguistics References reflist Allan, S., The rise of New Zealand intonation in A. Bell & J. Holmes eds. New Zealand ... 5 Ching, M. 1982 . The question intonation in assertions , American Speech , 57 1982 , pp. 95&ndash .... 85&ndash 107 ISSN 1384 6655 Guy, G., Horvath, B., Vonwiller, J., Daisley, E. and Rogers, I., An intonation ... 0 521 47498 1 McLemore, C. A., The Pragmatic Interpretation of English Intonation Sorority Speech ...&ndash A. Warren, P., Patterns of late rising in New Zealand English Intonational variation or intonation ... more details
Infobox language name Chrau nativename pronunciation states Vietnam region ng Nai Province ng Nai , T y Ninh Province T y Ninh , and B nh D ng Province B nh D ng provinces speakers 22,000 familycolor Austro Asiatic fam2 Bahnaric languages Bahnaric fam3 South Bahnaric fam4 Stieng Chrau iso3 crw script Latin script Latin Chrau is a Bahnaric language spoken by some 22,000 people in southern Vietnam . Unlike most languages of Southeast Asia , Chrau has no lexical tone linguistics tone , though it does have significant sentence intonation linguistics intonation . ref cite journal last Thomas first Dorothy M. year 1966 title Chrau intonation journal Mon Khmer Studies volume 2 pages 1 13 url http www.lc.mahidol.ac.th Documents Publication MKS 2 thomas1966chrau.pdf ref References reflist Further reading Thomas, D. D. 1967 . Chrau grammar a Mon Khmer language of Vietnam . External links http www.language archives.org language crw Resources in and about the Chrau language Category Mon Khmer languages Category Languages of Vietnam ... more details
Novax Guitars is a guitar manufacturing company founded by Ralph Novak. His instruments feature fret s which are not perpendicular to the instrument s neck as is standard , but rather fan out at various angles to allow for more comfortable, ergonomic playing and for proper intonation. Charlie Hunter , an acclaimed jazz guitarist, uses Novax guitars extensively. See also Multi scale fingerboard External links http www.novaxguitars.com NovaxGuitars.com Category Guitar manufacturing companies ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In linguistics linguistic pragmatics , the term metalocutionary act is sometimes used for a speech act that is about the conversation itself rather than about its primary substance. References S. Gibbon 1983 Intonation in context an essay on metalocutionary deixis . In G. Rauh ed. , Essays on deixis. T bingen Gunter. Category Pragmatics Category Discourse analysis ling stub ... more details
Syzygys is a band composed of duo Hitomi Shimizu on organ and Hiromi Nishida on violin. They play microtonal pop music ref http www.syzygys.jp e pages index.html ref , specifically just intonation in the form of Harry Partch s Harry Partch s 43 tone scale 43 tone scale . They have released albums on Tzadik Records , including Syzygys Complete Studio Recordings 2003, Tzadik 7240 . References reflist music stub Category Microtonal musicians Category Musical duos Category Tzadik Records artists ... more details
Other uses Contextualization disambiguation Contextualization Contextualization in sociolinguistics refers to the use of language and discourse to signal relevant aspects of an interactional or communicative situation. Basil Bernstein 1990 1971 uses re contextualization when referring to the reformulation of scientific knowledge in pedagogical contexts, for instance in textbooks . John Gumperz 1982a, 1982b and others in interactional sociolinguistics study subtle contextualization cues , for instance Intonation linguistics intonation , that allow language users to infer contextually adequate meanings of discourse see also Eerdmans, Prevignano & Thibault, 2002 . References Bernstein, B. 1990 . Class, codes and control. Vol. IV. The structuring of pedagogic discourse. London Routledge. Eerdmans, S., Prevignano, C., & Thibault, P. 2002 . Language and interaction. Discussions with J. J. Gumperz. Amsterdam Benjamins. Gumperz, J. J. 1982 . Discourse strategies . Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Gumperz, J. J. Ed. . 1982 . Language and social identity. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. ling stub Category Sociolinguistics Category Discourse analysis ... more details
F is a musical pitch approximately 20 cent music cents sharp of modern F musical note concert F , and is primarily associated with the Northumbrian smallpipes . ref Say, Barry. http www.nspipes.co.uk barry guide.htm A short guide to Northumbrian Smallpipes , NSPIPES Homepage . ref Similarly, composer Ben Johnston composer Ben Johnston uses a as an accidental to indicate a note is lowered 21.51 cents, or a to indicate a note is raised 21.51 cents which is the width of a syntonic comma audio Syntonic comma on C.mid Play . ref name Fonville John Fonville. Ben Johnston s Extended Just Intonation A Guide for Interpreters , p.109, Perspectives of New Music , Vol. 29, No. 2 Summer, 1991 , pp. 106 137. and Johnston, Ben and Gilmore, Bob 2006 . A Notation System for Extended Just Intonation 2003 , Maximum clarity and Other Writings on Music , p.78. ISBN 9780252030987. ref See also Augmented third References reflist music theory stub Category Northumbrian music Category Bagpiping Category Musical notes ... more details
unreferenced date December 2011 Tempo of speech is the relative speed of slowness or of utterance which is measured by the rate of syllable succession and the number and duration of pauses in a sentence. The rate of speaking varies constantly. When two strongly stressed syllables stay close together, it is slower when they are separated by unstressed syllables the speed is faster. Differences of rate are used to help the listener to differentiate the more important slow rate and the less important fast rate parts of the utterance. Variations of rate and pausing are closely connected with different phonetic styles, shades of meaning and the structure of the intonation group. Pause is an act of stopping in the flow of speech. In English there are three main degrees of pauses unit pause, double pause and treble pause. The unit pause is the interval of an individual s rhythm cycle from one syllable to the next. It is used to separate intonation groups. The double pause is twice as long as the unit pause it is used to separate sentences. The treble pause, which is about three times as long as the unit pause, is used to separate paragraphs. Category Speech ... more details
. The Momel algorithm derives what its authors refer to as a phonetic representation of an intonation ... and levels of analysis for intonation. in M. Horne ed Prosody Theory and Experiment . Kluwer ... more details
Other persons John Schneider John Schneider born 1950 is a classical guitar ist. He performs in just intonation and well temperament, including pythagorean tuning, including works by Lou Harrison , LaMonte Young , John Cage , and Harry Partch . He often arranges pieces for guitar and other instruments such as harp or percussion. Schneider is a professor of music at Los Angeles Pierce College , ref http www.piercecollege.edu staging departments music faculty.asp ref hosts the KPFK weekly radio program Global Village , ref http www.kpfk.org programs 110 globalvillagethurs.html Radio Program Global Village, Thursdays with John Schneider ref and is founder of MicroFest. ref http www.microfest.org MicroFest ref Reflist External links http www.otherminds.org shtml Schneider.shtml John Schneider Biography otherminds.org Radio Interviews http www.wnyc.org people john schneider Just Intonation wnyc.org http www.wnyc.org shows newsounds 2010 jul 08 New Sounds Episode 3094 With Composer Guitarist John Schneider wnyc.org Classical guitar Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Schneider, John ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1950 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Schneider, John Category American classical guitarists Category 1950 births Category Living people Category Los Angeles Pierce College people Classical guitarist stub de John Schneider Gitarrist ... more details
Wiktionary prosody Prosody from Greek , pros id a , IPA el pros d a , song sung to music pronunciation of syllable may refer to Prosody linguistics , the study of rhythm, intonation, stress, and related attributes in speech Prosody music , the way the composer sets the text of a vocal composition in the assignment of syllables to notes in the melody to which the text is sung Prosody poetry , the study of poetic meter Prosody software , a Jabber XMPP server disambiguation bg cs Proz die de Metrum io Prozodio sw Arudhi ja pl Metrum pt M trica ru ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
