Intracrine refers to a hormone that acts inside a cell biology cell . Steroid hormones act through cell receptor intracellular mostly nuclear receptors and, thus, may be considered to be intracrines. In contrast, peptide or protein hormones, in general, act as endocrine s, autocrine s, or paracrine s by binding to their receptors present on the cell surface. Several peptide protein hormones or their isoform s also act inside the cell through different mechanisms. These peptide protein hormones, which have intracellular functions, are also called intracrines. The term intracrine is thought to have been coined to represent peptide protein hormones that also have intracellular actions. The biological effects produced by intracellular actions are referred as intracrine effects, whereas those produced by binding to cell surface receptors are called endocrine, autocrine , or paracrine effects, depending on the origin of the hormone. The intracrine effect of some of the peptide protein hormones are similar to their endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine effects however, these effects are different for some other hormones. Intracrine can also refer to a hormone acting within the cell that synthesizes it. ref cite web url http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com intracrine title intracrine definition of intracrine in the Medical dictionary by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia publisher Medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com date accessdate 2011 11 08 ref sorry, will do a better job later See also Local hormone References reflist Re RN. The intracrine hypothesis and intracellular peptide hormone action. Bioessays. 2003 Apr 25 4 401 9. PMID 12655647. Re RN. The origins of intracrine hormone action. Am J Med Sci. 2002 Jan 323 1 43 8. PMID 11814142 Kumar ... parathyroid hormone related protein as an intracrine factor trafficking mechanisms and functional ... Category Cell biology Cell biology stub fr Communication intracrine ... more details
Autocrine signalling is a form of signalling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger called the autocrine agent that binds to autocrine receptors on the same cell , leading to changes in the cell. ref Pandit, Nikita K. Introduction to the pharmaceutical sciences , page 238, 2007 ref This can be contrasted with paracrine signalling , intracrine signalling, or classical endocrine signalling. Examples An example of an autocrine agent is the cytokine interleukin 1 in monocytes . When interleukin 1 is produced in response to external stimuli, it can bind to cell surface receptor biochemistry receptors on the same cell that produced it. Citation needed date October 2009 Another example occurs in activated T cell lymphocytes , i.e., when a T cell is induced to mature by binding to a peptide MHC complex on a professional antigen presenting cell and by the B7 protein B7 CD28 costimulatory signal. Upon activation, low affinity Interleukin 2 IL 2 receptors are replaced by high affinity IL 2 receptors consisting of , , and chains. The cell then releases IL 2, which binds to its own new IL 2 receptors, causing self stimulation and ultimately a monoclonal population of T cells. These T cells can then go on to perform effector functions such as macrophage activation, B cell activation, and cell mediated cytoxicity . Citation needed date October 2009 See also Paracrine signalling Intracrine Local hormone Endocrine system External links GPnotebook 2140799033 MeshName Autocrine signaling http www.sysbio.org research bsi cellsignal ligand.stm Autocrine versus juxtacrine signaling modes illustration at sysbio.org References reflist Cell signaling Category Signal transduction Cell biology stub de Autokrine Sekretion es Liberaci n autocrina fr Communication autocrine it Autocrino pl Wydzielanie autokrynowe pt Aut crino sv Autokrin ... more details
multiple issues context November 2011 unreferenced November 2011 medref November 2011 Local hormone s , by one definition, are biologically active polypeptide s that are secreted by nerve cells and gland cells and act in a paracrine fashion but also enter the Circulation physiology circulation . By another definition, local hormones are any hormones acting in a paracrine , autocrine signalling autocrine , and or intracrine manner. Classification According to structural and functional similarity, many local hormones fall into either the gastrin or the secretin family. Gastrin family Gastrin Cholecystokinin CCK Secretin family Secretin Glucagon Glicentin GLI Vaso active intestinal polypeptide VIP Gastric inhibitory polypeptide GIP Others Motilin Neurotensin Substance P Somatostatin was Somatostain Bombesin Serotonin Cell signaling med stub Cell biology stub Category Signal transduction Category Hormones Category Endocrine system Category Cell signaling ... more details
Intracellular receptors are receptor biochemistry receptor s located inside the cell biology cell rather than on its cell membrane . Examples are the class of nuclear receptor s located in the cell nucleus and the IP3 receptor IP sub 3 sub receptor located on the endoplasmic reticulum . The ligand s that bind to them are usually intracellular second messenger s like inositol trisphosphate IP sub 3 sub and extracellular lipophilicity lipophilic hormone s like steroid hormone s. Some intracrine peptide hormone s also have intracellular receptors. Members This list is mirrored on receptor biochemistry and nuclear receptor please update all simultaneously Transcription factors Steroid hormone receptor Sex hormone receptor s sex hormone s Estrogen receptor and Androgen receptor one type Vitamin D receptor vitamin D , one type Glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoid s, one type Mineralocorticoid receptor mineralocorticoids , one type Thyroid hormone receptor and Retinoic acid receptor vitamin A and related compounds Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor s PPARs, , and Retinoid X receptor Farnesoid X receptor Liver X receptor Pregnane X receptor Constitutive androstane receptor Various Sigma 1 receptor Sigma sub 1 sub neuroactive steroid neurosteroids IP3 receptor IP sub 3 sub receptor inositol triphosphate , IP sub 3 sub See also Receptor biochemistry Receptor Steroid hormone External links http www.nuclear receptor.com Nuclear Receptor journal homepage http nrr.georgetown.edu NRR nrrhome.htm Nuclear receptor resource at Georgetown University http www.nursa.org Nuclear receptor signalling atlas NURSA, open access journal Transcription factors Cell signaling Category Intracellular receptors Intracellular receptors it Recettore intracellulare zh ... more details
Taesch NM, Stewart AF title Minireview parathyroid hormone related protein as an intracrine factor ... paracrine and intracrine roles journal Vitam. Horm. volume 66 issue pages 345 84 year 2003 ... more details
nucleus by an intracrine mechanism. For hormones such as Steroid hormone steroid or Thyroid hormone ... signaling Paracrine signaling Intracrine Cytokine Growth factor Hormone disruptor Sexual motivation ... more details
Kun Liang, Zhang Chenggang, Chen Huipeng, He Fuchu year 2002 month January title Intracrine hepatopoietin ... Y, et al. title Intracrine hepatopoietin potentiates AP 1 activity through JAB1 independent of MAPK ... more details
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